2024届高考英语语法专题突破 划分句子成分和掌握基本句型课件(共86张PPT)

(共86张PPT)
第一讲　划分句子成分和掌握基本句型
考点突破 · 精讲即练
一、句子成分
句子是表达思想的基本单位，句子的主要成分包括主语和谓语，次要成分包括宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语等。
考点一　主语
1．定义：主语是句子讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。主语是谓语动作的执行者或所处状态的主体。主语一般由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式、从句或名词化的形容词等充当。
(2022·全国甲卷满分作文)June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day. (名词作主语)
2009年，联合国正式将6月8日定为世界海洋日。
(2022·全国甲卷满分作文)It aims to raise people's awareness of protecting oceans. (代词作主语)
它旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。
(2023·全国乙卷满分作文)Learning to knit helped me develop my creativity and problem-solving skills.(动词-ing形式作主语)
学习编织帮助我发展了创造力和解决问题的能力。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷满分作文)What worries me is that pairing us up randomly could result in failure in oral improvement.(从句作主语)
让我担心的是，我们随机配对可能会导致口语提高失败。
2．位置：主语一般位于句首，但动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)、名词性从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷满分作文)It would be a great idea for us to choose partners freely.(it作形式主语)
由我们自由选择合作伙伴是个好主意。
考点二　谓语
1．定义：谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、主语具有的特征或所处的状态，常位于主语之后。谓语主要由动词、动词短语、系表结构等充当。谓语有时态、语态和语气的变化。谓语与主语在“人称”与“数”方面应保持一致，即主谓一致。
2．结构特征：
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷满分作文)I appreciate your eagerness to improve our oral English, but I feel concern over your arrangement.(实义动词作谓语)
我很欣赏你对提高我们英语口语的渴望，但我对你的安排感到担忧。
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷满分作文)The English programme is widely popular among us students.(系表结构作谓语)
这个英语节目在我们学生中广受欢迎。
First of all, as smart online learners, we can make full use of the most extensive educational resources to broaden the horizons.(“情态动词＋动词短语”作谓语)
首先，作为聪明的在线学习者，我们可以充分利用最广泛的教育资源来拓宽视野。
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷满分作文)I do expect Youth can publish more classic works and have a promising future. (实义动词expect前加do强调谓语动词)
我真切希望《青春》能出版更多的经典作品并有一个美好的未来。
即时演练(一)
写出加黑部分在句中所作的句子成分。
1．The aged are well taken care of in the village._________
2．Great changes have taken place in China since 1980.________
3．I will spend this summer holiday in the countryside.______
4．It is impossible for him to pass the test.________
主语
谓语
谓语
主语
考点三　宾语
1．定义：宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、动词不定式或相当于名词的词(短语或从句)来充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在及物动词或者介词之后，有时会有双宾语。
(2022·全国甲卷满分作文)We can't throw rubbish, especially plastic rubbish there, because many sea animals eat them by mistake and are killed at last. (名词作宾语)
我们不能把垃圾，尤其是塑料垃圾扔在那里，因为许多海洋动物错把它们吃掉并最终被杀死。
I'm glad to know that you've come to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown. (从句作宾语)
我很高兴知道你来我家乡的一所学校学习功夫。
Don't forget to praise your friend for the delicious foods he offers. (动词不定式短语作宾语)
别忘了称赞你朋友提供的美味食物。
Mr. Smith gave him a lot of valuable advice on how to improve his writing. (him为间接宾语； a lot of valuable advice为直接宾语)
史密斯先生就如何提高他的写作水平给了他许多有价值的建议。
2．形式宾语：动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)、名词性从句作宾语，常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在后面。
Some students find it difficult to study English.
(it作形式宾语)
一些学生发现英语很难学。
Most of us think it no use fighting against each other.(it作形式宾语)
我们大多数人认为相互争斗无济于事。
I think it very important that we take part in the discussion.
(it作形式宾语)
我认为我们参加这次讨论是很重要的。
考点四　宾语补足语
1．定义：宾语补足语是对宾语进行补充说明的句子成分，一般放在宾语之后。常用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词等。“宾语＋宾语补足语”统称为“复合宾语”。
Doctors often advise us to pay more attention to our diets and mental health and to take regular examinations. (us为宾语； to pay more attention...examinations为宾语补足语)
医生经常建议我们多注意饮食和心理健康，并定期进行检查。
2．复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)的结构：
结构 注释 例句
宾语＋ 名词 常用于该结构的动词有name, call, make, find, think, leave等 We called him Peter.
They made her their monitor.
宾语＋ 形容词 常用于该结构的动词有keep, think, believe, leave, drive, make, get, want等 We can't leave him alone.
She always keeps our classroom clean.
结构 注释 例句
宾语＋ 副词 常用于该结构的副词有down，up, here, there, home, in, out, anywhere等 My uncle drove us home.
When getting there, she found him out.
宾语＋ 介词 短语 介词短语作宾语补足语常表示宾语所处的状态 We found everything in good order.
I regard him as my best friend.
结构 注释 例句
宾语＋ 动词不 定式 三种情况：带to的动词不定式；不带to的动词不定式；带to或不带to皆可的动词不定式 I saw him enter the room.
The farmer asked us to have dinner.
She helps her mother (to) do housework.
宾语＋ 动词-ing 形式 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语时，宾语即为动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语，与宾语补足语之间为主谓关系 I saw her playing on the playground.
I heard Tom singing in the classroom.
结构 注释 例句
宾语＋ 过去 分词 宾语和宾语补足语之间是动宾关系，动词-ed形式表示被动或完成 I had my watch stolen yesterday.
She spoke loudly to make herself heard.
形式宾 语＋形 容词 动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing 形式(短语)、名词性从句作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语 He found it impossible to rise.
I think it useless arguing with her.
【点津】
句型“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”改为被动语态时，宾语补足语就变为主语补足语。
The little boy saw a girl go into the building. (省略to的动词不定式短语作宾语补足语)
→A girl was seen to go into the building (by the little boy)．(动词不定式作主语a girl的补足语)
那个小男孩看见一个女孩进入了那幢大楼。
考点五　表语
1．定义：表语位于连系动词后，用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态、性质、职业、数量、处所等。
2．常见的连系动词主要有下列几种：
(1)表示“状态”类：be (am, is, are, was, were)；
(2)表示“持续”类：keep, stay, remain, lie等；
(3)表示“表象”类：seem, appear等；
(4)表示“感官”类：look, sound, smell, taste, feel；
(5)表示“渐变”类：grow, turn, get, go, become, come, fall；
(6)表示“证明”类：prove。
3．常用作表语的有名词、代词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词、介词短语、表语从句等。
Five years later, he became an engineer.(名词作表语)
五年后，他成了一名工程师。
This is my dictionary. That is yours.(代词作表语)
这是我的词典，那本是你的。
We must keep healthy.(形容词作表语)
我们必须保持健康。
My aim is to become a doctor.(动词不定式短语作表语)
我的目标是成为一名医生。
The movie is quite moving.(动词-ing形式作表语)
这部电影非常感人。
即时演练(二)
写出加黑部分在句中所作的句子成分。
1．He managed to finish the work on time. ____________
2．His wish is to become a scientist. ____________
3．Mother cooks breakfast for us every day. ____________
4．We found him an honest person. ____________
5．He noticed a man enter the room. ____________
宾语
表语
宾语
宾语补足语
宾语补足语
考点六　定语
1．定义：定语是用于对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。单个词作定语常放在被修饰词之前(前置定语)，而短语或从句作定语，往往放在被修饰词之后(后置定语)。
My best friend was a girl who was called Mary.(形容词best作前置定语，修饰名词friend；who引导的定语从句作后置定语，修饰名词girl)
我最好的朋友是一位叫玛丽的姑娘。
2．常用作定语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式、动词不定式、定语从句等。
It provides us with a good opportunity to have a better command of traditional Chinese culture.(动词不定式短语作后置定语)
它为我们更好地了解中国传统文化提供了一个很好的机会。
On arriving at the farm located in the suburb of our city，we saw the sea of vegetables, which included cucumbers, tomatoes and so on.(过去分词短语作后置定语)
一到位于我们城郊的农场，我们就看到蔬菜的海洋，有黄瓜、西红柿等。
考点七　状语
1．定义：状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语或整个句子，用来表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、比较、伴随等。状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。
Most of the students really respect her because she has top teaching skills.(副词作状语；状语从句作状语)
大多数学生确实都很尊敬她，因为她有一流的教学技巧。
2．状语一般由副词、介词短语、动词-ing短语、过去分词短语、动词不定式、状语从句或相当于副词的词或短语来充当。
Without his help, we couldn't have worked it out.(介词短语作状语)
要是没有他的帮助，我们不会解决它。
To catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.(动词不定式短语作状语)
为了赶上同班同学，我必须努力学习。
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷满分作文)Youth covers a wide variety of topics to attract senior students, leading us into the outer world.(动词-ing短语作状语)
《青春》题材广泛，吸引了高年级学生，带领我们走进外面的世界。
When I was young, I could swim well.(状语从句作状语)
年轻时，我游泳很好。
He helped me although he didn't know me.(状语从句作状语)
虽然他不认识我，但是他帮助了我。
考点八　同位语
同位语是对名词或代词的进一步解释说明，且与其前面的名词或代词在语法上处于同等的地位，常位于名词或代词之后。常用作同位语的有名词、名词短语、数词、代词、同位语从句等。
You each have a chance to go to college. (代词作同位语)
你们每个人都有机会上大学。
We students should put our heart into the study.(名词作同位语)
我们学生应专心学习。
Word came that our school is going to hold a class meeting whose topic is related to traditional Chinese culture.(从句作同位语)
消息传来，我们学校将举办一次主题与中国传统文化有关的班会。
即时演练(三)
单句语法填空
1．She listened to me __________ (careful) while we were talking.
2．The girl ___________ is wearing a red dress is my cousin.
3．He told me the news _____ our team won the game.
4．Is there any scientific evidence ______ a person's character is reflected in their writings
5．___________ (weigh) only 96 grams, the electronic dictionary is portable and easy to use.
carefully
who/that
that
that
Weighing
二、基本句型
英语中有五种基本句型：
①主语＋谓语(SV)；
②主语＋谓语＋宾语(SVO)；
③主语＋连系动词＋表语(SP)；
④主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S V IO DO)；
⑤主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(SVOC)；
句型(一)　简约却不简单的“主语＋谓语(vi.)(＋状语)”结构
1．主谓结构中谓语常用来表示主语的动作或状态。这种句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。但不能接宾语，也没有被动语态。常见的不及物动词有：arrive, come, lie, shine, live, walk, fall, rise, happen, exist, occur, agree等。
2．谓语动词也可以是不及物动词短语，如come up(被提出)，run out (用完)，get by(勉强生存)，come out(出版)，break down (出故障)，drop by(顺便拜访)，pass out(晕倒)等。
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写) He sat still with a deep breath.
他静静地坐着，深呼吸。
(2021·北京卷读后续写) I　 was coughing uncontrollably last night.
昨晚我咳嗽得无法控制。
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷满分作文) The racing route began at our school gate and ended　 at the foot of the South Hill.
比赛路线从我们学校门口开始，到南山脚下结束。
(2019·全国Ⅱ卷满分作文)In the environment， teachers and students are living　 happily and working hard.
在这种环境下，师生们生活快乐，工作努力。
注意：不及物动词或短语后不能接宾语，要特别注意英汉表达的差异。
①His home broke out a fire last night.( )
他家昨晚发生了一场火灾。
②A fire broke out in his home last night.( )
×
√
即时演练(一)
翻译句子(“主语＋不及物动词”结构)
1．(2022·浙江卷读后续写)正如俗话所说，一个人可以走得很远，但一群人可以走得更远。
____________________________________________________________________________
2．(2021·浙江卷读后续写)父亲驾驶的卡车经常半路抛锚。
___________________________________________
Just as the saying goes，one person can go far, but a group of persons can travel farther.
The truck my dad drove often broke down halfway.
3．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷书面表达)上周末，我和我的同学骑自行车去新兴农场摘草莓。
__________________________________________________________________________
4．(全国Ⅱ卷满分作文)在比赛中友谊第一。
___________________________________________
5．(全国Ⅱ卷满分作文)比赛将于下午2点开始，大约持续3个小时。
________________________________________________________
Last weekend, my classmates and I went to Xinxing Farm by bike to pick strawberries.
Friendship always comes first in the competition.
The competition will begin at 2 p．m. and last for roughly 3 hours.
句型(二)　众人青睐的“主谓宾(＋状语)”结构
“主谓宾”句型之所以受到中国英语学习者的青睐，是因为它跟我们的思维方式最接近，因而这个句型也是考生在写作中运用最多的。它的基本结构是：主语＋谓语(vt.)＋宾语(＋状语)
1．该句型中的谓语是及物动词，如respect，admire, ignore, provide, upset, appreciate等。其后可接名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或从句等作宾语。
2．谓语动词也可以是及物动词短语，如communicate with...(与……交流)，stand for(代表；象征)，get on with...(与……相处)，look forward to (盼望)，come across(偶然碰到)等。
(2022·全国甲卷满分作文) The ocean maintains the balance of nature.　
海洋维持着自然的平衡。
(2021·全国乙卷满分作文) However， online learning has both advantages and disadvantages　.
然而，在线学习既有优势又有劣势。
(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷满分作文) Both students and teachers hope　 to hold such activities　 again.
学生和老师都希望能再次举办这样的活动。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷满分作文) I would appreciate your taking my suggestions into consideration.　
您能考虑我的建议，我将不胜感激。
注意：(1)有些“主谓宾”结构的句子虽然短小，但表达的含义更精确，语言更地道。写作中并不一定句子越长越好。
I could not say any word.
→Words failed me.(单词虽然少，句子更精悍)
(2)在写作中，同学们比较擅长使用主动语态。如果能灵活使用被动语态，会给句子添彩不少。
I am not sure whether all the college graduates can find jobs after graduation.
→I am not sure whether all the college graduates can get employed after graduation.
即时演练(二)
翻译句子(“主谓宾”结构)
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷满分作文) 作为我们杰出的外语老师，您的到来可以帮助我们很多。
________________________________________________________________
As our distinguished foreign language teacher, your arrival can help us a lot.
2．(2021·全国乙卷满分作文)此外，我们可以吸收各种资源来有效地学习。
_______________________________________________________
3．(2021·浙江1月满分作文)为了你们的来访，我们安排了各种各样的活动。
__________________________________________________
Besides, we can absorb all kinds of resources to learn efficiently.
For your visit here, we have arranged a variety of activities.
4．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)他们做了面包，然后继续煮粥。
_________________________________________________
5．(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷满分作文)从生活到日常训练，我们队正在为比赛做准备。
______________________________________________________
They made the bread and then went on cooking porridge.
Our team is preparing for the game from living to daily training.
句型(三)　独一无二的“主系表”结构
汉语没有表语这一说法，这样就显得英语的“主系表”结构比较有个性了，因此我们说此结构是独一无二的。它主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。它的基本结构是：主语＋系动词(link. v．)＋表语。
1．这种句型无被动语态，也无进行时态。谓语动词需用系动词，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、介词短语或非谓语动词形式等。
常见的系动词有be，还有感官系动词(sound, look, smell，taste, feel)；变化系动词(become, get, grow, turn, go，fall，run)；持续系动词(remain, keep，hold，stay)；表象系动词(seem，appear)等。
(2022·全国甲卷满分作文)To protect the ocean is to protect ourselves.
保护海洋就是保护我们自己。
(2021·全国乙卷满分作文)The worst part is that sometimes we lack self-discipline.
最糟糕的是，有时我们缺乏自律。
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷满分作文)Regardless of the risk of getting infected, Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job.　
李叔叔不顾感染的危险，对工作负责，尽心尽力。
The traditional Chinese dress looks more beautiful and stylish.
中国传统服装看起来更漂亮，更时尚。
2．在主系表结构中要注意英汉表达的差异，避免中式英语。
这件外套很贵。
①The price of the coat is very expensive.( )
②The coat is very expensive. ( )
③The price of the coat is very high. ( )
表示价格的词price可用“高”或“低”，即high或low来修饰，而不可像汉语一样用“贵”或“便宜”来形容。
×
√
√
即时演练(三)
补全句子/翻译句子(“主系表”结构)
1. (2022·全国乙卷满分作文)就我而言，这是一个令人不安的趋势。
_____________________________________________
2．(2021·全国乙卷满分作文)长时间盯着屏幕对我们的眼睛有害。
____________________________________________
3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)美味的早餐准备好了。
______________________________
As far as I'm concerned, this is a disturbing trend.
Staring at the screen long is harmful to our eyes.
Delicious breakfast was ready.
4．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷满分作文)看到我们的劳动成果打包装上卡车，我们都感到很满意。
Seeing our fruits of labor were packed and loaded onto the truck，_________________.
5．(2020·浙江卷满分作文)你现在感觉好些了吗？
_____________________________
we all felt satisfied
Are you feeling any better now？
句式(四)　一拖二的“主谓宾宾”结构
“主谓宾宾”这类句型在写作中常常用到，具有独特的魅力。与及物动词跟一个单个的宾语结构相比，双宾语结构的独特之处在于一个动词与两个名词(短语)相互作用。它的基本结构是：主语＋谓语(vt.)＋间接宾语(人)＋直接宾语(物)。
1．间接宾语一般位于直接宾语的前面，如果间接宾语在直接宾语的后面，那么中间需要加上一个介词。可用介词to来变换间接宾语的动词：give，offer，hand，show，throw，pass, pay, send, sell, tell, lend, write 等。(如：give sb. sth.＝give sth. to sb.)
However busy he is， he writes me an e-mail every week.
＝However busy he is, he writes an e-mail to me every week.
不管他多忙，他每周都会给我写一封电子邮件。
Mr. Smith gave me some advice and lent me an English dictionary.　
＝Mr. Smith gave some advice to me and lent an English dictionary to me.
史密斯先生给了我一些建议并且借了本英文词典给我。
2．可用介词for来变换间接宾语的动词：make, buy, cook, find, get, order, sing, spare, fetch等。(如：make sb. sth.＝make sth. for sb.)
He bought me a bicycle.　
＝He bought a bicycle for me.
他给我买了一辆自行车。
Can you get me some stamps？
＝Can you get some stamps for me
你能帮我拿些邮票吗？
注意：ask, answer, take, cost等，这一类动词无法改变结构形式。
May I ask you a question？
我可以问你一个问题吗？
即时演练(四)
补全句子/翻译句子(“主谓宾宾”结构)
1．(2022·全国甲卷满分作文) 众所周知，海洋为我们提供了充足的食物。
_____________________________________________
2．(2021·全国甲卷满分作文)我完全不知道你们对哪种中国传统文化感兴趣，你能给我一些建议吗？
As I'm totally clueless about which type of traditional Chinese culture fascinates you guys，__________________________
As we all know, the ocean offers us sufficient food.
could you give me some tips
3．(2020·7月浙江卷满分作文)我们都非常想念你，祝你早日完全康复。
We all miss you very much and _________________________________.
4．我祝你今后一切顺利，旅途愉快。
______________________________ and have a good journey.
5．开幕式将于上午9点开始，我们的校长将首先给我们发表讲话。
The opening ceremony will start at 9：00 a．m. and __________________
_____________________.
wish you a quick and complete recovery
I wish you all the best in the future
our headmaster will
give us a speech first
句式(五)　缺一不可的“主谓宾补”结构
“主谓宾补”句式结构中的谓语虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。宾语补足语可以由名词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语等充当。写作时应熟练掌握“名词作宾语补足语”这种高级表达形式。它的基本结构是：主语＋谓语(vt.)＋宾语＋宾语补足语。
1．常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：call, name, elect，make, appoint, leave, consider, keep, wish等。
We {all} call him 〈a living dictionary〉．
我们都叫他“活字典”。
2．常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有：believe, think, get，keep, make, find, set, wish, consider, prove, leave, paint，drive等。
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷满分作文)It was Mr. Liu who made me 〈aware of the importance of learning English well〉．
是刘老师使我意识到学好英语的重要性。
3．常用现在分词和省略to的动词不定式等作宾补的及物动词有：see, notice, hear, watch, observe, feel等。
He saw me 〈waiting in the rain〉．
他看到我在雨中等。
Did you see him 〈go out〉？
你看到他出去了吗？
4．常用to do作宾补的及物动词有：advise, ask, command, encourage, forbid, permit, persuade, get等。
Our maths teacher [always] encourages us 〈to work out the questions by ourselves instead of being told the answers〉．
我们的数学老师经常鼓励我们自己解决问题而不是被告知答案。
5．有些动词后常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，这是英语中常用的句型，即“主语＋谓语＋it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”。常见的动词有：think, find，consider，feel，make等。
The student has made it 〈a rule〉 to read English magazines every day.　
这个学生已经养成了每天读英文杂志的习惯。
注意：考生在写作时切忌好高骛远，在没有把握基本的简单句的情况下，不要轻易尝试很复杂的句子。要从自己可以掌控的东西出发，先学会把自己的思想表达成为得体的简单句，进而对之进行再加工、转换，方能创作出漂亮的作文。
即时演练(五)
补全句子/翻译句子(“主谓宾补”结构)
1．(2022·全国甲卷满分作文)此外，我们还可以分发传单，呼吁更多的人保护海洋。
What's more, we can also hand out leaflets to _____________________
_______________.
call on more people to
protect the ocean
2．(2021·全国乙卷满分作文)很显然，在线学习让我们随时随地学习。
____________________________________________________________________
Obviously, online learning allows us to learn at any time wherever we are.
3．我上个月来到这里，发现我的课程有趣的。
_________________________________________________
4．我想你能给予我们指导和鼓励。
____________________________________________________
5．父母认为这对于建立孩子的信心是很有用的。
_____________________________________________________
I came here last month and found my courses interesting.
I would like you to give us your guidance and encouragement.
Parents think it very useful to build their children's confidence.
集训夯基 · 素养提能
Ⅰ.写出下列句子的句型结构
1．We need the Internet.______
2．The Mid-Autumn Festival is around the corner.____
3．There are 45 students in our class._________________
4．I want to have a cup of tea very much.________
5．She cooked her husband a delicious meal.______________
SVO
SP
There be句型
SVOA
S V IO DO
Ⅱ.分析下列句子的句子成分
1．One day some of my students were talking about what we would like to be in the future.
分析：One day作___________, some of my students作_____，were talking about作______, what we would like to be in the future作_______。
2．The meeting held yesterday was important.
分析：The meeting作______;held yesterday作__________；was作_____________; important作_______。
时间状语
主语
谓语
宾语
主语
后置定语
连系动词
表语
3．Word came that the mayor would pay a visit to our school next week.
分析：本句为主谓结构，Word作______；came作______；that the mayor would pay a visit to our school next week是________从句，说明主语的内容。
4．During the same period, trade along the Silk Road also boomed.
分析：介词短语During the same period作_______,trade作______，介词短语along the Silk Road作__________，boomed作________。
主语
谓语
同位语
状语
主语
后置定语
谓语
5．Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
分析：the best way作______，动词不定式短语to understand Western art作__________，is是__________；动词不定式短语to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries作______，整个句子是一个________结构。
主语
后置定语
连系动词
表语
主系表
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2023·甘肃省张掖市联考)
Incense (香) is material that releases fragrant (芳香的)smoke when burnt. Yang Jinqing, an inheritor of Qingyuan traditional incense making, has a burning desire ______________(develop) popular fragrances. For decades, Yang has committed himself ______ the traditional incense craft in Qingyuan, __________ was named a national intangible cultural heritage by the State Council in June 2021.
1.todevelop
2.to
3.which
The country boasts a profound incense history___________ (date) back to before the Qin Dynasty. The craft and its culture thrived during the Song Dynasty. It found wider ___________ (popular) during the Ming and Qing dynasties when it was used to fend off diseases, insects, mosquitoes and preserve people's health.
Qingyuan saw many incense workshops set up during the Song Dynasty, thanks to its close geographical location to abundant herbal resources __________(hide) in the Taihang Mountains.
4.dating
5.popularity
6.hidden
Nowadays, with the _____________(increasing) expanding market, more than 50,000 people _______________(engage) in the incense business in more than 500 local incense businesses.
7.increasingly
8.areengaged
Yang Jinqing has helped to establish an engineering center for herbal incense in Hubei that specializes in studying ancient recipes ___________ developing new crafts based on the fragrance. “We might think incense culture is very elegant and, therefore, far away from us, but it is actually very close to our lives.” he says. “When drinking tea, playing chess, reading or writing, _____________(light) an incense stick can help calm the nerves and concentrate the mind.”
9.and
10.lighting
“I want future generations to appreciate the charm of China's incense culture and craft.” he adds.
语篇导读：本文是说明文，主要讲述了中国传统的制香业。
解析：
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：杨金庆是清远传统制香的传承人，他对开发大众化香料有着强烈的愿望。短语a desire to do sth.渴望做某事。故填to develop。
2. 考查固定搭配。句意：几十年来，杨一直致力于清远传统的熏香工艺，这一工艺于2021年6月被国务院列为国家级非物质文化遗产。短语commit oneself to表示“致力于；投身于”。故填to。
3．考查定语从句。句意：几十年来，杨一直致力于清远传统的熏香工艺，这一工艺于2021年6月被国务院列为国家级非物质文化遗产。在非限制性定语从句中，which指代traditional incense craft，在从句中作主语。故填which。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：这个国家拥有悠久的熏香历史，可以追溯到秦朝以前。date back to追溯到，为不及物动词词组，无被动语态，与逻辑主语history构成主动关系，故用现在分词主动表被动。故填dating。
5．考查名词。句意：在明清时期，它更受欢迎，当时它被用来抵御疾病、昆虫、蚊子和保持人们的健康。wider为形容词，后接名词popularity作宾语。故填popularity。
6．考查非谓语动词。句意：由于地处太行山中丰富的草药资源，宋朝时清远就有了许多香作坊。逻辑主语herbal resources和hide之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词表被动。故填hidden。
7.考查副词。句意：如今，随着市场的日益扩大，超过5万人在500多家当地熏香企业从事熏香业务。此处用副词increasingly修饰expand，作状语。故填increasingly。
8．考查固定短语。句意：如今，随着市场的日益扩大，当地500多家熏香企业从事熏香业务的人数已超过5万人。短语be engaged in表示“从事”，根据上文Nowadays可知为一般现在时。故填are engaged。
9. 考查连词。句意：杨金庆在湖北帮助建立了一个草药香工程中心，专门研究古代配方，并开发基于香料的新工艺。根据句意可知，此处前后文为并列关系。故填and。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：在喝茶、下棋、阅读或写作时，点上一根香可以帮助镇静神经，集中精神。此处是动名词作主语。故填lighting。
Ⅳ.按要求完成下列各题
(一)用简单句翻译句子
1．我们的英语老师非常年轻而且有耐心。
__________________________________________
2．他两年前从大学毕业。
_____________________________________
Our English teacher is very young and patient.
He graduated from college two years ago.
3．他经常给我们提供一些好的学习英语的建议。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
4．他尽力使他的课活泼有趣。
_________________________________________
He often offers us some good advice on English learning./He often offers some good advice on English learning to us.
He tries to make his classes lively and interesting.
5．他要求我们每天早上背诵一些英语单词。
_______________________________________________
6．在他的帮助下，我们大多数人都取得了很大的进步。
____________________________________________
7．我们为拥有这样一位好老师感到自豪。
_______________________________________
He asks us to recite some English words every morning.
Most of us have made great progress with his help.
We feel proud to have such a good teacher.
(二)把上述句子连成一篇80词左右的短文，可适当增加细节。
【参考范文】
Our English teacher is very young and patient.He graduated from college two years ago.He has been working hard since he came to our school.Finding some of us are weak in English, he often offers us some good advice on English learning.In addition, he tries to make his classes lively and interesting.What's more，he asks us to recite some English words every morning.As a result, most of us have made great progress with his help.We all like his classes and admire him very much.In a word, we feel proud to have such a good teacher.