2024届高考英语语法专题突破 掌握英语必备构词法课件(共24张PPT)

(共24张PPT)
第二讲　掌握英语必备构词法
考点突破 · 精讲即练
主要构词法归纳表
前 缀 表示否定或相反意义的前缀 dis-， mis-， un-， il-， im-， in-， ir-， non-， anti-
disagree, misunderstand, unwilling, illegal， impossible, independent, irrelevant, nonstop， antivirus
前 缀 形容词变动词的前缀 en-
able→enable, large→enlarge, rich→enrich
其他 inter-(相互)，over-(超过), re-(重新)，
ex-(以前的), super-(超)，vice-(副)
interaction, overweight, reuse, ex-husband, supernatural, vice-chairman
后 缀 形容词 加-ly变 成副词 -ly
real→really
动词或名词变形容词的后缀
-able，-ful，-ous，-y，-al，-ible，-ive，-ary
nature→natural, use→useful, continue→continuous,
health→healthy
后 缀 动词变名词的后缀 -al，-ance，-ence，-tion，-ssion，-ment，-ture，-y
arrive→arrival, appear→appearance, exist→existence, invite→invitation
形容词变名词的后缀 -cy，-dom，-ence，-th，-age，-ty，-ity
fluent→fluency, wise→wisdom, silent→silence, safe→safety
后 缀 表示人 的后缀 -er，-or，-ist，-ee，-ess，-ese，-an，-ian，-ant
teacher, inventor, artist, employee, princess, Chinese, American, musician, servant
表示否定的后缀 -less
hopeless, endless, fearless, careless, treeless,meaningless
后 缀 形容词变动词的后缀 -en，-fy
broad→broaden, class→classify
名词变动词的后缀 -ize
apology→apologize
转化 名词→动词 back n．背→vt.支持，seat n．座位→vt.容纳
动词→名词 walk v．→take a walk, survey v．→make a survey
形容词→动词 slow adj.慢的→v.缓慢
合成 名词＋名词→名词 classroom, teamwork, newspaper
形容词＋名词→名词 blackboard, highway, mainland
副词＋名词→名词 overcoat, underground, outbreak
副词＋动词→动词 update, overlook
名词＋动词→动词 sunbathe, proofread
名词＋动词-ed形式→形容词 man-made, hand-made, updated
合成 形容词＋动词-ing形式→形容词 good-looking, easy-going, ordinary-looking
即时演练
Ⅰ.根据汉语意思及构词法写出派生词或合成词
1．____________ n. 看孩子的人
2．__________ n. 快餐
3．_____________ adj.好心肠的
4．____________ adj.中年的
5．_____________ adj.两岁大的
6．happy adj.高兴的→________ adj.不高兴的
7．develop vt.发展→____________ n．发展
8．employ vt.雇用→_____________ n．失业
baby-sitter
fast-food
kind-hearted
middle-aged
two-year-old
unhappy
development
unemployment
Ⅱ.英译汉(注意黑体转化词的用法)
1．He shouldered his way through the crowd.
_______________________。
2．We will try our best to better our living conditions.
________________________________。
3．He didn't know the difference between right and wrong.
_________________
他用肩膀推开人群前进
我们将尽力改善我们的生活条件
他不辨是非。
集训夯基 · 素养提能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．In a good __________(marry), both husband and wife work hard to solve any problems that arise.
2．The far side of the moon is of particular __________ (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so than the familiar near side.
marriage
interest
3．Chinese New Year is a _____________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.
4．Filled with __________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.
5．Historical _________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.
celebration
curiosity
accuracy
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2023·河北省部分示范性高中二模)
On October 5th, Katmai National Park &. Preserve in southern Alaska kicked off Fat Bear Week, when the park's brown bears competing against each other in a challenge much like college basketball's March Madness tournament. Fans use before and after__________(photo) to vote for the bear they think has gained the most weight over summer ______________ (prepare) for hibernation (冬眠). But ________began as a contest for conservationists has become a global campaign where superfans stump for (大肆宣传) their favourite bear to be voted the ___________(fat) of them all.
1.photos
2.to prepare
3.what
4.fattest
Fat Bear Week began in 2014 as Fat Bear Tuesday. Mike Fitz, a former park worker at Katmai, noticed that live cameras ___________(show) the bears generated a lot of online comments. He and the other workers let people vote for their favourite fat bear on Facebook. The one-day event _____________ (attract) just 1,700 votes in 2014. Last year's week-long contest collected nearly 800,000. Fans gather together ___________ (happy)
5.showing
6.attracted
7.happily
to watch the live bear cameras setup around the park. Some go further. Jean Gross is hosting a bear-themed party where she lives in Northern Michigan. Guests must bring foods that appeal ______ both bears and humans, such as salmon patties and honey butter. This year Ms Gross says she is rooting for Holly, ______ older female, because “she is a nice little fat girl ________so am I”．
语篇导读：这是一篇说明文。本文对阿拉斯加的“胖胖熊黄金周”活动进行了简要介绍。
8.to
9.an
10.and
解析：
1．考查名词的数。句意：粉丝们用冬眠前后的照片投票给他们认为为冬眠做准备而在夏天体重增加最多的熊。根据上文主语“Fans (粉丝)”使用了复数可推理出空白处应填名词的复数形式。故填photos。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语表示目的，使用动词不定式。故填to prepare。
3. 考查名词性从句。句意：但一开始是一场环保主义者的竞赛，现在已经变成了一场全球运动，超级粉丝们为他们最喜欢的熊投票，选出他们中最胖的熊。分析句子结构，这是一个包含主语从句的复合句，空白处在主语从句中作主语指内容，应使用what连接主语从句。故填what。
4. 考查形容词最高级。句意：同上。根据下文“of them all (它们所有的熊中的)”可知，此处上下文要在三者以上之间比较，应使用形容词最高级。故填fattest。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：Katmai的前公园工作人员Mike Fitz注意到，实时展示熊的摄像在网上引发了很多评论。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作后置定语，应使用非谓语动词，因与其逻辑主语live cameras之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应使用现在分词。故填showing。
6．考查时态。句意：2014年，这场为期一天的活动仅吸引了1 700张选票。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，根据时间状语in 2014可知谓语动词应使用一般过去时。故填attracted。
7．考查副词。句意：粉丝们高兴地聚在一起，观看公园周围设置的现场熊摄像头。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用副词。故填happily。
8. 考查介词。句意：客人必须带上对熊和人类都有吸引力的食物，比如三文鱼肉饼和蜂蜜黄油。分析句子结构，appeal to为固定句型，含义为“对……有吸引力”，与句子表达的含义一致。故填to。
9. 考查冠词。句意：今年，格罗斯女士表示，她支持年长的雌性熊霍利，因为“她是一个很好的小胖女孩，我也是”。根据名词的用法，名词前需使用冠词，表示“一个”含义，因空白处后面的older的第一个发音音素为元音。故填an。
10．考查连词。句意：同上。根据上文“she is a nice little fat girl(她是一个很好的小胖女孩)”以及下文“so am I(我也是)”可知上下文之间为并列关系，应使用表示并列关系的并列连词。故填and。