中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
语法基础知识------宾语从句
知识讲解
宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。对宾语从句的考查主要是宾语从句的引导词辨析、语序和时态，句意辨析及三者的混合考查。
一、宾语从句的引导词
1．宾语从句是陈述句，引导词用that，在口语中that可以省略。如：
We believe(that)he is honest.
我们相信他是诚实的。
2．如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来，其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下，二者可以通用，但从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时，只能用whether。如：
I don't know if/whether she will come here.
我不知道她是否会来这儿。
Sorry，I don't know whether he will come or not.
对不起，我不知道他是否会来。
3．宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，引导词就是特殊疑问词。如：
Could you tell me where the post office is
你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗？
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.
老师问学生他们正在做什么。
二、宾语从句的时态
宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的，一般有下面几种情况。
1．主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的时态。如：
He says he will ask Mr.Hu to give Jim some work.
他说他将叫胡先生给吉姆一些工作。
2．主句的时态为过去时态时，从句的谓语动词的时态要用相应的过去的某一时态。如：
She said she missed us very much.
她说她非常想念我们。
3．从句表示的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象时，从句的时态一律使用一般现在时。如：
He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.
他说太阳比地球大。
三、宾语从句的语序
1．在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句要使用陈述语序，即“引导词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。如：
I want to know when the train left.
我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。
注意：①有些特殊疑问句本身是陈述句语序。如：
What's wrong with...
Which is the way to...
What happened to you...
What's the matter/trouble..
Who studies the hardest in your class
②do you think后接宾语从句时，特殊疑问词即引导词要前置，do you think作为插入语。如：
Who do you think he is talking with
你认为他正在和谁交谈？
2．由do，does，did构成的疑问句，在转换成宾语从句时，要去掉do，does，did，且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态做出相应的变化。如：
“Does he sing well？”The music teacher asked him.
→The music teacher asked him if(whether)he sang well.
这个音乐老师想知道他唱得是否很好。
3．如果是will，be，have，can组成的疑问句，在变为宾语从句时，要把这些词还原到句中原来的谓语位置上，并根据主句的时态做相应的变化。如：
“Will you be free tomorrow？”she asked me.
→She asked me if(whether)I would be free tomorrow.
她问我明天是否有空。
四、宾语从句的否定前移
在宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词为think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等时，如果主句为I或we时，从句中表示否定意义的not应移到think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等前面。如：
I don't suppose he will come.
我猜他不会来。
注意：如果主句主语不是I或we，则not不前移。如：
She thinks she can't arrive there on time.
她认为她不能按时到那儿。
五、宾语从句的转化
1．当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语动词是hope，wish，decide等时，从句可转化为不定式结构。如：
I hope that I can see you again.
＝I hope to see you again.
我希望能再次见到你。
2．当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn等时，从句可转化为疑问词＋不定式结构。如：
I don't know what I should say.
＝I don't know what to say.
我不知道该说什么。
3．当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell，show，teach等，且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时，从句可转化为不定式结构或疑问词＋不定式结构。如：
Mr.Hu tells us that we shouldn't draw on the wall.
＝Mr.Hu tells us not to draw on the wall.
胡老师告诉我们不应该在墙上画画。
Will you please tell me where I can buy stamps
＝Will you please tell me where to buy stamps
请告诉我在哪儿能买到邮票？
4．有些宾语从句可转化为复合宾语结构，常用动词find，think，make。如：
I think it is necessary for us to learn to wait.
＝I think it necessary for us to learn to wait.
我认为我们有必要学会等待。
I find she is a good girl.＝I find her a good girl.
我发现她是一个好女孩。
5．由what引导的宾语从句可转化为定语从句。如：
We did what we could to help you.
＝We did everything(that)we could to help you.
我们尽我们所能去帮助你。
Robert saw what Mr.Smith did.
＝Robert saw everything(that)Mr.Smith did.
罗伯特看到了史密斯所做的一切。
语法过关小练习
一、句型转换
1．I don't know what I should do to help him.(改为简单句)
I don't know ________________ to help him.
2．How did he go to school yesterday
His father doesn't know.(合成一句)
His father doesn't know ___________________________．
3．Does light travel faster than sound？Tom asked.(改为复合句)
Tom asked ______________________________．
4．Does he still play basketball？I want to know.(改为复合句)
_________________________________________
5．When does the train leave？He didn't know.(改为复合句)
_________________________________________
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．I'm sure everybody _______(be)in the classroom.
2．I'll take back what I _________(say)．
3．The teacher told us that the sun ______(be)bigger than the moon.
4．We wondered if he ________(can)mend the computer.
5．I don't know his watch _________(steal)yesterday.
6．She told me they _________(clean)up the city park at this time yesterday.
7．Tom's friends hear that Tom _________(be)here for a week.
8．Lee's boss asked him if he _______(like)the job.
9．She said that she ________(go)shopping with Linda last Sunday.
10．I hope that I _________(visit)the village again.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子
1．她问我明天是否去看电影。
She asked me ______ I _______ go to the cinema tomorrow.
2．我不知道我儿子最需要什么。
I don't know ______ my son _______ ________．
3．你能告诉我买这本字典花了多少钱吗？
Could you tell me ______ _______ the dictionary ________？
4．我想知道这个女孩为什么在哭。
I wonder ______ the little girl _______ _______．
5．你决定将怎样帮助那些贫困地区的孩子了吗？
Have you decided ________ you ______ ______ the children in the poor area
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宾语从句
语法基础复习
宾语从句在句中作及物动词的宾语，或介词的宾语，或形容词的宾语。对宾语从句的考查主要是宾语从句的引导词辨析、语序和时态，句意辨析及三者的混合考查。
一、宾语从句的引导词
1．宾语从句是陈述句，引导词用that，在口语中that可以省略。如：
We believe(that)he is honest.
我们相信他是诚实的。
2．如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来，其引导词用if或whether。一般情况下，二者可以通用，但从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时，只能用whether。如：
I don't know if/whether she will come here.
我不知道她是否会来这儿。
Sorry，I don't know whether he will come or not.
对不起，我不知道他是否会来。
3．宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，引导词就是特殊疑问词。如：
Could you tell me where the post office is
你能告诉我邮局在哪里吗？
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.
老师问学生他们正在做什么。
二、宾语从句的时态
宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态是由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定的，一般有下面几种情况。
1．主句的时态为一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时，从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的时态。如：
He says he will ask Mr.Hu to give Jim some work.
他说他将叫胡先生给吉姆一些工作。
2．主句的时态为过去时态时，从句的谓语动词的时态要用相应的过去的某一时态。如：
She said she missed us very much.
她说她非常想念我们。
3．从句表示的是客观真理、普遍真理、自然现象时，从句的时态一律使用一般现在时。如：
He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.
他说太阳比地球大。
三、宾语从句的语序
1．在含有宾语从句的复合句中，宾语从句要使用陈述语序，即“引导词＋主语＋谓语＋其他”。如：
I want to know when the train left.
我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。
注意：①有些特殊疑问句本身是陈述句语序。如：
What's wrong with...
Which is the way to...
What happened to you...
What's the matter/trouble..
Who studies the hardest in your class
②do you think后接宾语从句时，特殊疑问词即引导词要前置，do you think作为插入语。如：
Who do you think he is talking with
你认为他正在和谁交谈？
2．由do，does，did构成的疑问句，在转换成宾语从句时，要去掉do，does，did，且从句中的谓语动词要根据主句时态做出相应的变化。如：
“Does he sing well？”The music teacher asked him.
→The music teacher asked him if(whether)he sang well.
这个音乐老师想知道他唱得是否很好。
3．如果是will，be，have，can组成的疑问句，在变为宾语从句时，要把这些词还原到句中原来的谓语位置上，并根据主句的时态做相应的变化。如：
“Will you be free tomorrow？”she asked me.
→She asked me if(whether)I would be free tomorrow.
她问我明天是否有空。
四、宾语从句的否定前移
在宾语从句中，当主句的谓语动词为think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等时，如果主句为I或we时，从句中表示否定意义的not应移到think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等前面。如：
I don't suppose he will come.
我猜他不会来。
注意：如果主句主语不是I或we，则not不前移。如：
She thinks she can't arrive there on time.
她认为她不能按时到那儿。
五、宾语从句的转化
1．当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语动词是hope，wish，decide等时，从句可转化为不定式结构。如：
I hope that I can see you again.
＝I hope to see you again.
我希望能再次见到你。
2．当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语动词是know，remember，forget，learn等时，从句可转化为疑问词＋不定式结构。如：
I don't know what I should say.
＝I don't know what to say.
我不知道该说什么。
3．当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell，show，teach等，且宾语从句的主语和主句的间接宾语一致时，从句可转化为不定式结构或疑问词＋不定式结构。如：
Mr.Hu tells us that we shouldn't draw on the wall.
＝Mr.Hu tells us not to draw on the wall.
胡老师告诉我们不应该在墙上画画。
Will you please tell me where I can buy stamps
＝Will you please tell me where to buy stamps
请告诉我在哪儿能买到邮票？
4．有些宾语从句可转化为复合宾语结构，常用动词find，think，make。如：
I think it is necessary for us to learn to wait.
＝I think it necessary for us to learn to wait.
我认为我们有必要学会等待。
I find she is a good girl.＝I find her a good girl.
我发现她是一个好女孩。
5．由what引导的宾语从句可转化为定语从句。如：
We did what we could to help you.
＝We did everything(that)we could to help you.
我们尽我们所能去帮助你。
Robert saw what Mr.Smith did.
＝Robert saw everything(that)Mr.Smith did.
罗伯特看到了史密斯所做的一切。
一、句型转换
1．I don't know what I should do to help him.(改为简单句)
I don't know _______________ to help him.
2．How did he go to school yesterday
His father doesn't know.(合成一句)
His father doesn't know _________________________________．
3．Does light travel faster than sound？Tom asked.(改为复合句)
Tom asked __________________________________．
what to do
how he went to school yesterday
if light travels faster than sound
语法过关小练习
4．Does he still play basketball？I want to know.(改为复合句)
__________________________________________
5．When does the train leave？He didn't know.(改为复合句)
____________________________________
I want know if he still plays basketball.
He didn't know when the train left.
二、用所给词的适当形式填空
1．I'm sure everybody ______(be)in the classroom.
2．I'll take back what I ______ (say)．
3．The teacher told us that the sun _____(be)bigger than the moon.
4．We wondered if he ________(can)mend the computer.
5．I don't know his watch _____________ (steal)yesterday.
6．She told me they ________________ (clean)up the city park at this time yesterday.
7．Tom's friends hear that Tom ____________ (be)here for a week.
8．Lee's boss asked him if he ________(like)the job.
9．She said that she ________ (go)shopping with Linda last Sunday.
10．I hope that I ____________ (visit)the village again.
is
said
is
could
was stolen
were cleaning
has been
liked
went
will visit
三、根据汉语提示完成句子
1．她问我明天是否去看电影。
She asked me ______ I _________ go to the cinema tomorrow.
2．我不知道我儿子最需要什么。
I don't know _________ my son _________ ________．
3．你能告诉我买这本字典花了多少钱吗？
Could you tell me ________ _________ the dictionary _________？
4．我想知道这个女孩为什么在哭。
I wonder _______ the little girl ________ __________．
5．你决定将怎样帮助那些贫困地区的孩子了吗？
Have you decided _______ you __________ ________ the children in the poor area
if
would
what
needs
how
much
costs
why
was
crying
how
would
help
most
