中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
语法基础知识------定语从句
知识讲解
考生要掌握由that，which，who，where，whose引导的定语从句。
中考主要考查由that，which，who引导的限定性定语从句。
一、定语从句的关系词
定语从句在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系代词who，whom，that，which，whose或关系副词when，where，why等引出。
关系词 指代 在定语从句中的作用
that 既指人也指物 作主语、宾语
which 指物 作主语、宾语
who 指人 作主语
whom 指人 作宾语
whose 既指人也指物 作定语
when 时间 作状语
where 地点 作状语
why 原因 作状语
1.who，whom，that代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you
他是想见你的那个人吗？
He is the man(who/whom/that)I saw yesterday.
他是昨天我看到的那个人。
2．which，that代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如：
Mary likes music that/which is quiet and gentle.
玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
The coat(that/which)I put on the desk is blue.
我放在桌子上的外套是蓝色的。
3．whose用来指人或物，在句中只用作定语，如：
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
请把封面是绿色的那本书递给我。
4．关系副词有when，where，why，它们在句中作状语。如：
I'll never forget the days when we studied together.
我永远忘不了我们一起学习的那些日子。
This is the city where my father worked ten years ago.
这是我爸十年前工作的城市。
Do you know the reason why he was late for school
你知道他上学迟到的原因吗？
二、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
1．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
这是我所看过的最激烈的一场足球赛。
2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first thing that you could do was to turn off the light.
你首先要做的就是关灯。
3．当先行词为all，everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much，none等不定代词时(something后也可用which)。如：
All that we have to do for our students is to tell them how to speak English in class.
我们要为学生做的所有的事情就是告诉他们如何在课堂上说英语。
I'm going to buy everything that I need.
我要去买我所需要的一切东西。
4．当先行词前面有only，just，any，no等词修饰时。如：
That's the only thing that we can do now.
那是我们现在唯一能做的事情。
5．当先行词既指人又指物时。如：
They are talking about things and persons that they remembered.
他们正在谈论他们所能回忆起来的人或事。
三、关系词只能用who(whom)而不用that的情况
1．当先行词为all，any或其合成词或a few且指人时。如：
Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
任何违法的人都会受到惩罚。
2．当先行词为that，this，those或these且指人时。如：
Those who hadn't bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall.
那些还没买着火车票的人挤在候车厅里。
3．当先行词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中用who或whom引导均可，但如直接位于介词后作宾语时，只能用whom。如：
The guest(who/whom)I'll first introduce to you is a little girl.
我首先要介绍给你们的客人是一位小姑娘。
I met a few friends of mine，among whom was my old classmate.
我遇见几位朋友，其中一位是我的老同学。
语法过关小练习
一、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1．I know the boy ________ dances to raise money for sick children.
2．The old woman was proud of her son _______ won the Nobel Prize.
3．We are going to the hospital to see Jack _______ has hurt his legs in the accident.
4．This is the place _ ______ we first met each other.
5．The house in _______ we live is small but comfortable.
6．I'll never forget the year _____ I worked with him.
7．The most necessary thing _____ you must have in the woods is a compass(指南针)．
8．It is the worst book _______ I have ever seen.
9．He was always late for work and that was the reason _ ______ he lost the job.
10．He is the American boy _ ______ name is Michael.
二、根据上下文，填入所需的关系代词
I want to tell you about where I live.I love it and it's easy to get around.I have everything 1. ______ I need nearby.
My house is opposite the park in 2. ______ I spend most of my weekends.Sometimes we go to the cinema 3._ _______ is on the other side of the park.There is a great shopping center next to the cinema.
My mother works in the bank 4._ _______ is between the shopping center and the noodle bar.After school，I often sit in the noodle bar and wait for her to finish work.The people 5._ _____ work in the bar are very friendly to me.And when I want to post you a letter，I walk to the post office 6. _______ is on the corner，next to the drug store.Sometimes my mother and I go to the bookstore round the corner from the post office before heading home across the park.
三、语法填空
In general，we learn about the art treasure of our country by visiting museums or reading books.But now a CCTV show provides us 1._ _____ more fun ways to learn about it.
The show called National Treasure has 10 episodes(集)and shows 27 treasures from nine museums around China.After it first 2._ _______(appear)on TV on December 3，2017，it soon became popular.3._ ______ it's a show about old art treasure，it looks very modern.A huge LED screen shows the treasures in detail(详细地)．
Instead of just telling the stories behind the treasures，the show invites famous 4._ _______(star)to act out these stories on stage.For example，actor Wang Kai played Emperor Qianlong in one play.In the play，Emperor Qianlong wanted 5._ ______(make)a vase by using 17 different skills.He told this idea to his father，Emperor Yongzheng in a dream，but he didn't support 6. _____(he)in it.Viewers loved Wang Kai's acting so much that they made many memes(表情包)and spread them 7._ _______(quick)online.
Other people appear on the show as well.An old man named Qiu Qingnian is 8.__ ______ expert at producing natural paint for repairing ancient paintings.On the TV show，he showed viewers 9. ______ to make natural paint in detail.
National Treasure really brings museums and art treasure to people in a playful way.After watching the show，people are becoming 10._ _______(interested)in visiting museums and watching Chinese treasures than before.
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定语从句
语法基础复习
考生要掌握由that，which，who，where，whose引导的定语从句。
中考主要考查由that，which，who引导的限定性定语从句。
一、定语从句的关系词
定语从句在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词，被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系代词who，whom，that，which，whose或关系副词when，where，why等引出。
关系词 指代 在定语从句中的作用
that 既指人也指物 作主语、宾语
which 指物 作主语、宾语
who 指人 作主语
whom 指人 作宾语
whose 既指人也指物 作定语
when 时间 作状语
where 地点 作状语
why 原因 作状语
1.who，whom，that代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you
他是想见你的那个人吗？
He is the man(who/whom/that)I saw yesterday.
他是昨天我看到的那个人。
2．which，that代替的先行词是指代事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。如：
Mary likes music that/which is quiet and gentle.
玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。
The coat(that/which)I put on the desk is blue.
我放在桌子上的外套是蓝色的。
3．whose用来指人或物，在句中只用作定语，如：
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
请把封面是绿色的那本书递给我。
4．关系副词有when，where，why，它们在句中作状语。如：
I'll never forget the days when we studied together.
我永远忘不了我们一起学习的那些日子。
This is the city where my father worked ten years ago.
这是我爸十年前工作的城市。
Do you know the reason why he was late for school
你知道他上学迟到的原因吗？
二、关系词只能用that而不用which的情况
1．当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如：
This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
这是我所看过的最激烈的一场足球赛。
2．当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：
The first thing that you could do was to turn off the light.
你首先要做的就是关灯。
3．当先行词为all，everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much，none等不定代词时(something后也可用which)。如：
All that we have to do for our students is to tell them how to speak English in class.
我们要为学生做的所有的事情就是告诉他们如何在课堂上说英语。
I'm going to buy everything that I need.
我要去买我所需要的一切东西。
4．当先行词前面有only，just，any，no等词修饰时。如：
That's the only thing that we can do now.
那是我们现在唯一能做的事情。
5．当先行词既指人又指物时。如：
They are talking about things and persons that they remembered.
他们正在谈论他们所能回忆起来的人或事。
三、关系词只能用who(whom)而不用that的情况
1．当先行词为all，any或其合成词或a few且指人时。如：
Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.
任何违法的人都会受到惩罚。
2．当先行词为that，this，those或these且指人时。如：
Those who hadn't bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall.
那些还没买着火车票的人挤在候车厅里。
3．当先行词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中用who或whom引导均可，但如直接位于介词后作宾语时，只能用whom。如：
The guest(who/whom)I'll first introduce to you is a little girl.
我首先要介绍给你们的客人是一位小姑娘。
I met a few friends of mine，among whom was my old classmate.
我遇见几位朋友，其中一位是我的老同学。
一、用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空
1．I know the boy __________ dances to raise money for sick children.
2．The old woman was proud of her son ____________ won the Nobel Prize.
3．We are going to the hospital to see Jack ____________ has hurt his legs in the accident.
4．This is the place _________ we first met each other.
5．The house in ________ we live is small but comfortable.
6．I'll never forget the year ________ I worked with him.
7．The most necessary thing _______ you must have in the woods is a compass(指南针)．
who/that
who/that
who/that
where
which
when
that
语法过关小练习
8．It is the worst book _______ I have ever seen.
9．He was always late for work and that was the reason _______he lost the job.
10．He is the American boy __________ name is Michael.
that
why
whose
二、根据上下文，填入所需的关系代词
I want to tell you about where I live.I love it and it's easy to get around.I have everything 1._______ I need nearby.
My house is opposite the park in 2._________ I spend most of my weekends. Sometimes we go to the cinema 3._____________is on the other side of the park. There is a great shopping center next to the cinema.
My mother works in the bank 4._____________ is between the shopping center and the noodle bar.After school，I often sit in the noodle bar and wait for her to finish work.The people 5._______ work in the bar are very friendly to me.And when I want to post you a letter，I walk to the post office 6.____________ is on the corner，next to the drug store.Sometimes my mother and I go to the bookstore round the corner from the post office before heading home across the park.
that
which
which/that
that/which
who
that/which
三、语法填空
In general，we learn about the art treasure of our country by visiting museums or reading books.But now a CCTV show provides us 1._______ more fun ways to learn about it.
The show called National Treasure has 10 episodes(集)and shows 27 treasures from nine museums around China.After it first 2.____________(appear)on TV on December 3，2017，it soon became popular.3.___________it's a show about old art treasure，it looks very modern.A huge LED screen shows the treasures in detail(详细地)．
with
appeared
Although
Instead of just telling the stories behind the treasures，the show invites famous 4.________ (star)to act out these stories on stage.For example，actor Wang Kai played Emperor Qianlong in one play.In the play，Emperor Qianlong wanted 5.___________ (make)a vase by using 17 different skills.He told this idea to his father，Emperor Yongzheng in a dream，but he didn't support 6._______(he)in it.Viewers loved Wang Kai's acting so much that they made many memes(表情包)and spread them 7._________(quick)online.
Other people appear on the show as well.An old man named Qiu Qingnian is 8.______ expert at producing natural paint for repairing ancient paintings.On the TV show，he showed viewers 9._______to make natural paint in detail.
stars
to make
him
quickly
an
how
National Treasure really brings museums and art treasure to people in a playful way.After watching the show，people are becoming 10.__________________ (interested)in visiting museums and watching Chinese treasures than before.
more interested
