人教版（2019）选择性必修第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists知识点课件(共94张PPT)
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(共94张PPT)
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
(主题语境：人与社会——人物情况)
晨背短文 语境记词
Since the severe virus broke out, many people all over the world have been infected.Chinese outstanding，gifted and patriotic specialists in epidemiology and their assistants have been in charge of tracing the source of the virus in order to defend more people from being killed.They desired to produce vaccine to handle the deadly disease once and for all.Initially, with concrete proof collected, they suspected that wild bats were to blame.But by observing the virus with microscopes，they gathered solid and multiple statistics and mastered the framework of the virus, which gradually transformed their initial contradictory thinking.All the findings made
them subscribe to the idea that the virus was not directly linked to the bats, which made the brilliant experts frustrated.This also cast a shadow on the experts, so they had to shift towards how to prevent the virus from spreading among people.Above all，the less we go out, the less likely we will come down with the deadly disease.Furthermore，taking in more protein and eating more vegetables are good choices as well.Last but not least, what we should do is that we must wear masks outdoors.Thanks to these interventions，the threat of the severe virus in China saw a substantial decrease. What we have experienced has taught us to lead a healthy life such
as drinking pure or boiled water and avoiding raw foods.In conclusion, under our motherland's leadership，we have achieved steady success, tears of happiness pouring down our cheeks.
必备知识 巧记活用
阅读词汇会认
1．contradictory adj._______________________________
2．germ n．_____________________
3．pump n．_____________________
4．water pump__________
5．household n．_____________________________________
6．raw adj._____________________________________
7．statistic n．[pl.]_____________________
相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
微生物；细菌；病菌
泵；抽水机；打气筒
水泵
一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人
未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
统计数字；统计资料
8．microscope n．_________
9．protein n．_________
10．cell n．_________________________
11．virus n．_______
12．framework n．____________
13．theoretical framework____________
14．rainbow n．_______
15．concrete n．_________ adj.____________________________
16．mechanic n．____________________
显微镜
蛋白质
细胞；小房间；单间牢房
病毒
框架；结构
理论框架
彩虹
混凝土
混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
机械师；机械修理工
17．missile n．_______
18．astronomer n．__________
19．telescope n．_________
导弹
天文学家
望远镜
重点词汇会写
1．___________ adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
2．____________ vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
3．____________ vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
4．__________ vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
5．___________ n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)；(用手)触碰
6．________ n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
severe
subscribe
suspect
blame
handle
link
7．______________ n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
8．______________ vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
9．______________ n．思想；思维；见解
10．_____________ n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决
11．____________ adj.最初的；开始的；第一的
12．__________ adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n．固体
13．________ vt.(cast, cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷
decrease
transform
thinking
finding
initial
solid
cast
14．_____________ n．阴影；影子；背光处
15．__________ vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
16．_______________ n．领导；领导地位；领导才能
17．__________ vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n．痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
18．______________ adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的
19．_____________ adj.抽象的；理性的 n．(文献等的)摘要
20．____________ n．概念；观念
21．___________ prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且；此外
shadow
pour
leadership
trace
outstanding
abstract
concept
besides
22．______________ adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
23．________________ adv.此外；再者
24．__________ n．弱点；过错
25．__________ n．改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向
brilliant
furthermore
fault
shift
拓展词汇会变
1．_______________ adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→_____________ vt.使懊恼；使沮丧→_____________________ n．沮丧；懊恼；挫败
2．__________________ n．感染；传染→_____________ vt.使感染；传染→___________________ adj.感染的；传染的
3．____________ n．证据；证明；检验→____________ vt.证明 ____________ vi.证明是
4．_____________ adj.数量多的；多种多样的→____________ vi.& vt.乘；繁殖
frustrated
frustrate
frustration
infection
infect
infectious
proof
prove
prove
multiple
multiply
5．______________ n．介入；出面；干涉→___________ vi.干扰；介入
6．__________ adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→_____________ adv.完全地；纯粹地→_____________ vt.净化；使……洁净
7．____________ adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的→____________ n．物质；物品；事实基础；根据
8．____________ vt.保卫；防守；辩解→______________________ n．防御；保卫；保护
intervention
intervene
pure
purely
purify
substantial
substance
defend
defense/defence
9．__________________ n．助理；助手→_____________ vt.& vi.帮助；协助→______________ n．帮助；协助；援助
10．___________ adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→________ n．礼物；天赋
11．________ adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→____________ adv.稳定地；持续地
12．_________ adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→____________ adv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地
assistant
assist
assistance
gifted
gift
steady
steadily
vivid
vividly
运用巩固提能
1．(2022·全国乙卷)Engineers are now working on a new ___________ (概念): the rail drones of the future.
2．(2022·全国甲卷)If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and _____________(绝妙的) live music, you should start here.
3．(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Register online or fill out a Group Play Registration Form with ____________(数量多的)date and start time options.
4．(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and __________(泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.
concept
brilliant
multiple
pump
5．(朗文当代)Opposition leaders will be watching carefully to see how the Prime Minister ___________(处理) the crisis.
6．(2022·全国乙卷)They suffered _____________(十分严重的) hardships.
7．(剑桥高阶) __________(倒出) the honey into the bowl and mix it thoroughly with the other ingredients.
8．(天津卷)I liked facts, things that are concrete.I thought anything ____________(抽象的) left too much room for argument.
handles
severe
Pour
abstract
9．(剑桥高阶) _______________(最初的) reports say that seven people have died, though this has not yet been confirmed.
10．(朗文当代)Joe listened, _____________(shift) uncomfortably from one foot to another.
11．With solid __________，the lawyer can certainly __________ that he is innocent.(prove)
12．He was ________________ with an _______________ disease and the serious ____________ likely claimed his life.(infect)
Initial
shifting
proof
prove
infected
infectious
infection
13．He, an _________________，came to my __________________；that is to say, he ______________ me in finishing the impossible task on time. (assist)
14．To _____________ her from being hurt, I must say something in her _____________.(defend)
15．Lang Lang is a ____________ pianist and he has a great _________ for playing the piano.(gift)
16．I often got ___________________ in this job and the constant __________________ almost made me quit the job.(frustrate)
assistant
assistance
assisted
defend
defence
gifted
gift
frustrated
frustration
17．With _____________ policies, the company's exports have been increasing _____________.(steady)
18．The problem lies in deciding when to __________________.The ________________ will help settle the problem.(intervene)
steady
steadily
intervene
intervention
写准记牢
1．___________________最终地；彻底地
2．________________同意；赞同
3．_______________幸亏；由于
4．______________(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
5．________________主管；掌管
6．_______________患(病)；染上(小病)
once and for all
subscribe to
thanks to
break out
in charge of
come down
7．_______________最重要的是；尤其是
8．_________________死于
9．____________及时；迟早
10．_____________________很可能做某事
above all
die from/of
in time
be likely to do sth.
语境运用
1．(朗文当代)Max is hardworking, cheerful, and ____________ honest.
2．(剑桥高阶)Our intention is to destroy their offensive capability ___________________.
3．(剑桥高阶)Frank ________________ the belief that human kindness would overcome evil.
4．(朗文当代)Fighting ________________ between demonstrators and the police.
above all
once and for all
subscribed to
broke out
5．(剑桥高阶)I left Jack __________________ the suitcase while I went to get the tickets.
6．(剑桥高阶)She ________________ hunger/cancer/a heart attack/her injuries.
7．(2020·天津卷)While libraries still loan out(出借) books, you'll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you're looking for, __________________ a cooperative network of area libraries.
in charge of
died from
thanks to
【词汇拓展记忆】
有无定冠词意义天壤之别
①in charge of主管；看管；负责
in the charge of被掌管
②in control of控制；管理
in the control of被……控制
③in possession of占有；拥有
in the possession of被占有
原句译背
1．until引导的时间状语从句
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
2．so...that...如此……以至于……
He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
____________________________________________________________________________________
3．that引导的宾语从句
Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
________________________________________________________
他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
4．It seemed that...似乎……
It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
__________________________________________________________________________________
5．have＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
______________________________________________________
该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。
因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
6．形容词短语作状语
Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair, unable to move and using a computer to talk.
____________________________________________________________________________
大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹，只能通过电脑来说话的样子。
仿写运用
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)声音越来越大，直到大卫拖着腿越过终点。
The voice became louder and louder ____________________________, surpassing the terminal.
2．(剑桥高阶)这部电影的故事情节是如此复杂以至于我看不懂。
The film's plot _________________________ I couldn't follow it.
3．我认为我从读英文报Youth中获益良多。
_____________________________ from reading the English newspaper Youth.
until David dragged his leg
was so complex that
I think that I have benefited a lot
4．似乎我们很难解出这个数学题。
____________________________________ solving the math problem.
5．秦始皇成功地把所有的城墙连在一起。长城就这样形成了。
Emperor Qin Shihuang succeeded in _____________________________ together. Thus the Great Wall came into being.
It seemed that we had great difficulty
having all the walls joined
6．他吓得要死，不能挪动一步。
He was frightened to death, ___________________________.
unable to move an inch
核心考点 讲练提升
佳句背诵
Blamed for the failure of the performance, Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn't help crying bitterly.
由于演出失败而受到责备，蒂姆感到一阵悲伤，禁不住痛哭起来。
1.blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．指责；责备
归纳拓展
(1)be to blame(for sth.) 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备
blame sb.for sth.因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人
blame sth.on sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事
(2)take the blame承担过错
put the blame for sth. on sth.把某事归咎于某事
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(全国Ⅲ卷)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame _______ the alarm clock.
②I'm not going to sit around and take _________ blame for a mistake he made.
③(朗文当代)Officials believe that more than one person may be _____________(blame) for the fire.
on
the
to blame
写作运用提能
④当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责其他人。(话题写作之人际交往)
When getting along with others, we shouldn't always ________________ ______________.After all, many times ___________________________.So instead of ______________________，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place.
blame others for
mistakes
we are also to blame
blaming others
佳句背诵
First, with the popularity of e-books, people find it convenient to download books on the Internet, which leads to the decrease of traditional readers.
首先，随着电子书的普及，人们发现在互联网上下载书籍很方便，这导致了传统读者的减少。
2.decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
归纳拓展
(1)decrease to...减少到……
decrease by...减少了……
decrease from...to...从……减少到……
(2)on the decrease正在减少
on the increase正在增加
多维训练
单句语法填空
① _______________(decrease) the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
②The number of people aged 50 and under will decrease _______ 30% during the time.
To decrease
by
写作运用提能
③由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数量在减少。
→Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals _____________________.
→Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals ________________.
is on the decrease
is decreasing
佳句背诵
(2023·全国甲卷)The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world, helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport.
这位中国教练把道格拉斯变成了世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从一名普通的国家队队员一跃成为这项运动的顶尖选手。
3.transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
归纳拓展
(1)transform sb./sth.改变/转化某人/某物
transform...into...使……变成……
be transformed from...into...由……变成……
(2)transformation n．变化；改观；转变
多维训练
单句语法填空
①Their joint efforts have transformed the bald hill __________ one covered with green trees.
②_____________(transform) into a frog by the witch(巫婆)，the prince was driven out of the castle.
into
Transformed
写作运用提能
③您的慷慨帮助将我的第一次美国之旅变成了一个难忘的回忆。
Your generous help __________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________.
transformed/turned my first American trip into an unforgettable memory
佳句背诵
He planned to learn kung fu in the summer holidays so that he can defend himself against being attacked.
他计划在暑假学习功夫，这样他就可以抵御攻击了。
4.defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解
归纳拓展
(1)defend...against/from(doing...)保护……免受……
defend oneself自卫；为自己辩护
(2)defenc(s)e n．防御；保卫；保护
in defence (of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护
in one's defence为某人辩护
多维训练
单句语法填空
①The law allows people to defend themselves ____________________ a charge.
②The assistant stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if _______ defence.
from/against
in
写作运用提能
③看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写之肢体动作描写)
Seeing the fierce snake, ______________________________________. (defend)
→Seeing the fierce snake, _____________________________________. (defence)
he rushed to defend his son like an arrow
he rushed in defence of his son like an arrow
佳句背诵
(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)Aware that my partner came down with a serious disease, I had knots in my throat and rushed to hospital anxiously.
得知我的伴侣得了重病，我不禁哽咽，焦急地赶往医院。
5.come down(with...)染上；得了(……病)；患(病)
归纳拓展
come across(偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解
come about发生(无被动形式)
come on加油；到来；得了吧
come out出版；结果是；(花)开放
come up走近；上来；被提出
come up with提出；想出(主意、计划、回答等)
when it comes to...当谈及……
多维训练
单句语法填空
①Above all, tell me how the accident came ____________ immediately.
②My assistant's first novel came _________，which made me proud of him.
③She came __________ with this summer flu everyone's getting and went home before I got in.
④(牛津高阶)He spoke for a long time but his meaning didn't really come _____________.
about
out
down
across
写作运用提能
⑤ _________________________(当谈及) English learning, I have the following practical suggestions to share.Firstly, when you ________________ (遇见) unfamiliar words, don't always refer to the dictionary. Furthermore, when teachers' questions _______________(被提及) in class, you should try to ____________________(想出) answers.Lastly, if you fail, you must say to yourself, “ _______________(加油)！”(应用文写作之建议信)
When it comes to
come across
come up
come up with
Come on
佳句背诵
If you want to be popular, above all, join in our class activities and make a contribution to our class if possible.
如果你想受欢迎，最重要的是，参加我们的班级活动，如果可能的话对班级做些贡献。
6.above all最重要的是；首先；尤其是
归纳拓展
after all毕竟；终究
first of all首先；第一
all in all整体说来；总而言之
in all全部；合计
at all(否定句)一点也(不)；(疑问句)到底；究竟
多维训练
单句语法填空
①Thanks to your timely and generous help, I managed to handle the four problems _______ all.
用all的相关短语填空提能
②The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University.____________________________，you'd better learn some basic Chinese before you come._______________，you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances._________________，studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy __________.(应用文写作之推荐信)
in
First of all/Above all
After all
All in all
at all
佳句背诵
(2021·浙江6月，读后续写) I would keep working on the farm until I earned enough money to help my father buy a new tractor.
我将一直在农场工作直到我挣到足够的钱帮助爸爸买辆新拖拉机。
7.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
归纳拓展
(1)由until引导的时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。
(2)倒装结构：部分倒装“Not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋谓语助动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。
(3)强调结构：It is/was not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。
多维训练
单句语法填空
①We don't know its value ____________ we lose health.
写作运用提能
②直到我经历了这场事故，我才意识到坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。(读后续写之升华句)
I wasn't aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened ________________________________.(not...until)
until
until I experienced the accident
→_______________________________________________ bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(倒装句)
→________________________________________________________ bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(强调句)
Not until I experienced the accident was I aware that
It was not until I experienced the accident that I was aware that
佳句背诵
He was so nervous that he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.
→So nervous was he that he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.(读后续写之紧张心理描写)
他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉舌头打结，手心出汗。
8.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。
归纳拓展
so/such... that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。
(1)so... that...句型的常见形式：
so＋adj./adv.＋that...
so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数)＋that...
so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...
(2)such... that...句型的常见形式：
such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数)＋that...
such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...
(3)当so/such...放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。
多维训练
单句语法填空
①It is normal for __________ little boys to eat _______ little food, so don't blame them.
such
so
写作运用提能
②(2022·浙江6月，应用文写作)自习室是一个吸引人的地方，许多学生会聚集在那里进一步提高他们的学。
The self-study room is____________________________ many students will gather there to further improve their learning level. (such)
→___________________________________________________many students will gather there to further improve their learning level. (so)
such an appealing place that
The self-study room is so appealing a place that
佳句背诵
(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)We began to help pick peaches and then had them delivered to the farmers' houses.
我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。
9.Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
归纳拓展
have sth. done使某事被做；请人做某事；主语遭遇到某事
have sb. do sth.让某人做某事
have sb./sth. doing sth.让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态
can't have sb. doing sth.不能容忍某人做某事
have sth. to do有某事要做
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国甲卷)It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels _________(cut) by manufacturers(制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax.
②(2020·天津卷)The dancer's incredible performance had the audience on its feet ________________(clap) for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
cut
clapping
写作运用提能
③我们班主任不能容忍我们浪费时间。即使我们已完成作业，他也总是让我们阅读经典来开阔我们的视野。
Our head teacher _______________________________. Even if we have finished our homework, he always ______________________________ ____________________.
can't have us wasting our time
has us read classics to widen/broaden
our horizons
④我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。(应用文写作之道歉信)
I am terribly sorry for _______________________________________，because ______________________________________ just now.
having you waiting for me for so long
I had an urgent thing to attend to
关键能力 对点习得
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2023·浙江1月卷)Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels __________ a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.
解析：考查动词短语。句意：在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间变成了各种传粉昆虫的庇护所，从而改善了土壤，减少了碳排放。
into
2．(2022·浙江1月卷)The age of electricity is closely linked ________ the steam age.
解析：考查介词。句意：电力时代与蒸汽时代密切相联。be linked with...与……相联。
3．(2021·全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the _______________(defend) equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
解析：考查词性转换。句意：在花了一些时间看了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在一段历史上更好的呢！由句意可知，填形容词修饰名词equipment。
with
defensive
4．(2021·全国乙卷)People ___________________(pour) into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
解析：考查动词时态。句意：从古希腊时代起，人们就涌入体育场馆。由时间状语since the days of ancient Greece可知，填现在完成时。
5．(柯林斯词典)Thomas came __________ with chickenpox(水痘)at the weekend.
解析：考查动词短语。句意：周末的时候，霍姆斯得了水痘。
have been pouring
down
6．(朗文当代)I was still living in London when the war broke _________.
解析：考查动词短语。句意：战争爆发时我还住在伦敦。
7．(牛津高阶)The authorities no longer subscribe _______ the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers.
解析：考查动词短语。句意：当局不再赞同残疾人不宜当教师的观点。subscribe to赞成，同意。
out
to
8．(朗文当代)Average house prices decreased _______ 13% last year.
解析：考查介词。句意：去年平均房价下降了13%。decrease by...下降了……。
9．(2022·全国乙卷) _____________(initial)the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury.
解析：考查词性转换。句意：最初，糖税预计每年将为财政部带来5.2亿英镑的收入。由句意可知，填副词修饰整个句子。
by
Initially
10．(2022·全国乙卷)Our _____________(find) suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism.
解析：考查词性转换。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当一个孩子把毯子盖在头上“藏起来”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。
findings
Ⅱ.语境辨义练
1．写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①The research lacks solid proof, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful.________________
②It's my turn to be on the night shift.____________
③He read through the papers and made an abstract of their contents. _____________
④They shifted their viewpoints frequently.________________________
⑤The engine is used for pumping water out of the mine. ____________
adj.可靠的
n．轮班
n．摘要
vt.改变(观点或态度等)
vt.用泵输送
2．选出handle的汉语意思
①Don't handle the vase as if it were made of steel._______
②Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance. _______
③Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles. _______
④We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely._______
A．vt.处理 B．v.操纵
C．n.把手 D．vt.(用手)触、碰、拿
D
B
C
A
3．选出subscribe的汉语意思
①He subscribes to the view that we can tackle the severe problem in this way once and for all._______
②This is the school the outstanding and patriotic scientist subscribed to
generously in the past._______
③Using the money I earned in the holiday, I have subscribed to multiple magazines recently._________
A．vi.订阅 B．vi.赞成；同意
C．vi.捐助
B
C
A
核心素养 双写培优
Ⅰ.应用文写作运用(人物介绍)
1．利用本单元所学知识翻译句子
①钱学森于1911年12月11日出生在浙江一个富裕的家庭，他才华横溢，小时候被认为是一个“天才”男孩。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Qian Xuesen was born into a wealthy household on December 11,1911，Zhejiang Province. He was brilliant and he was regarded as a “super-gifted” boy in his childhood.
②淞沪会战爆发两年后，他从上海交通大学毕业，前往美国深造。他在那里获得了博士学位。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
③他于1955年最终回到了自己的祖国，尽管美国政府不同意并进行了严厉的干预。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Two years after the Songhu Battle broke out，he graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and went to the United States for his further study. He gained his doctor's degree there.
He returned to his homeland in 1955 once and for all，though the US government didn't subscribe to it and made severe intervention.
④回国后，他将自己的一生奉献给了中国的航空航天工业。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
⑤他负责火箭和导弹的设计和研究。
________________________________________________________________________________
After he returned to China, he devoted all his life to China's aerospace industry.
He handled the design and was in charge of the research of rockets and missiles.
⑥由于他的杰出成就，我们在保卫我们美丽家园的道路上扎实稳步前进。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thanks to his outstanding achievements, we have made solid and steady progress in defending our beautiful homeland.
2．使用恰当的过渡衔接词和非谓语动词连句成篇
参考范文：
Born into a wealthy household on December 11,1911，Zhejiang Province, Qian Xuesen was so brilliant that he was regarded as a “super-gifted” boy in his childhood.
Two years after the Songhu Battle broke out, he graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and went to the United States for his further study, where he gained his doctor's degree. He returned to his homeland in 1955 once and for all, though the US government didn't subscribe to it and made severe intervention. After he returned to China, he devoted all his life to
China's aerospace industry, handling the design and being in charge of the research of rockets and missiles.
Thanks to his outstanding achievements, we have made solid and steady progress in defending our beautiful homeland.
Ⅱ.读后续写微写作
情感描写之“吃惊”(二)
素材积累
必备单词 副词：astonishingly 令人惊讶地；令人震惊地；令人惊叹地
高级词块 1．freeze with shock震惊的动弹不得
2．feel/get surprised/astonished/amazed/shocked感到震惊
3．shake one's head in disbelief 难以置信地摇摇头
4．a flash of surprise一丝惊讶
素材运用
第一步 按要求完成下列句子。
1．迈克慢慢地转过身向窗外望去，结果他面对的只是一堵空白的墙。
Mike slowly turned to look out of the window, _____________________ ___________. (动词不定式短语作结果状语)
2．他呆住了，惊奇地张大了嘴。
__________________________________________. (独立主格)
only to face a blank
wall
He froze, his mouth hanging open in surprise
3．他既困惑又惊讶，目瞪口呆地看着墙。“为什么是一堵墙？”他喃喃自语。
________________________________, he gaped at the wall. “Why is it a wall？” he murmured.(形容词短语作状语)
4．似乎过了很长一段时间，他才回过神来，转向护士问道：“约翰是怎么看到外面那些令人印象深刻的景色，并描述给我听的呢？”
________________________________, he recovered himself and turned to the nurse, asking, “How could John have seen those impressive views outside and describe them for me？” (what从句作宾语)
Confused and astonished
After what seemed a long time
5．护士慢慢答道：“也许他只是想鼓励你。实际上，约翰是个盲人，他看不见墙。”
The nurse replied slowly, “Perhaps he just wanted to encourage you. Actually, _________________________________________.”
6．听了这些话，他惊得下巴掉在了地上。
Hearing this, _______________________________. (夸张)
John was blind and could not see the wall
his jaw dropped to the ground
第二步 将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇。
参考范文：
Mike slowly turned to look out of the window, only to face a blank wall. He froze, his mouth hanging open in surprise.Confused and astonished, he gaped at the wall.“Why is it a wall？” he murmured.After what seemed a long time, he recovered himself and turned to the nurse, asking, “How could John have seen those impressive views outside and describe them for me？”The nurse replied slowly, “Perhaps he just wanted to encourage you. Actually, John was blind and could not see the wall.”Hearing this, his jaw dropped to the ground.
UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
(主题语境：人与社会——人物情况)
晨背短文 语境记词
Since the severe virus broke out, many people all over the world have been infected.Chinese outstanding，gifted and patriotic specialists in epidemiology and their assistants have been in charge of tracing the source of the virus in order to defend more people from being killed.They desired to produce vaccine to handle the deadly disease once and for all.Initially, with concrete proof collected, they suspected that wild bats were to blame.But by observing the virus with microscopes，they gathered solid and multiple statistics and mastered the framework of the virus, which gradually transformed their initial contradictory thinking.All the findings made
them subscribe to the idea that the virus was not directly linked to the bats, which made the brilliant experts frustrated.This also cast a shadow on the experts, so they had to shift towards how to prevent the virus from spreading among people.Above all，the less we go out, the less likely we will come down with the deadly disease.Furthermore，taking in more protein and eating more vegetables are good choices as well.Last but not least, what we should do is that we must wear masks outdoors.Thanks to these interventions，the threat of the severe virus in China saw a substantial decrease. What we have experienced has taught us to lead a healthy life such
as drinking pure or boiled water and avoiding raw foods.In conclusion, under our motherland's leadership，we have achieved steady success, tears of happiness pouring down our cheeks.
必备知识 巧记活用
阅读词汇会认
1．contradictory adj._______________________________
2．germ n．_____________________
3．pump n．_____________________
4．water pump__________
5．household n．_____________________________________
6．raw adj._____________________________________
7．statistic n．[pl.]_____________________
相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
微生物；细菌；病菌
泵；抽水机；打气筒
水泵
一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人
未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
统计数字；统计资料
8．microscope n．_________
9．protein n．_________
10．cell n．_________________________
11．virus n．_______
12．framework n．____________
13．theoretical framework____________
14．rainbow n．_______
15．concrete n．_________ adj.____________________________
16．mechanic n．____________________
显微镜
蛋白质
细胞；小房间；单间牢房
病毒
框架；结构
理论框架
彩虹
混凝土
混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
机械师；机械修理工
17．missile n．_______
18．astronomer n．__________
19．telescope n．_________
导弹
天文学家
望远镜
重点词汇会写
1．___________ adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
2．____________ vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)
3．____________ vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
4．__________ vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．责备；指责
5．___________ n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)；(用手)触碰
6．________ n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
severe
subscribe
suspect
blame
handle
link
7．______________ n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
8．______________ vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
9．______________ n．思想；思维；见解
10．_____________ n．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决
11．____________ adj.最初的；开始的；第一的
12．__________ adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n．固体
13．________ vt.(cast, cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷
decrease
transform
thinking
finding
initial
solid
cast
14．_____________ n．阴影；影子；背光处
15．__________ vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
16．_______________ n．领导；领导地位；领导才能
17．__________ vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n．痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
18．______________ adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的
19．_____________ adj.抽象的；理性的 n．(文献等的)摘要
20．____________ n．概念；观念
21．___________ prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且；此外
shadow
pour
leadership
trace
outstanding
abstract
concept
besides
22．______________ adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
23．________________ adv.此外；再者
24．__________ n．弱点；过错
25．__________ n．改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向
brilliant
furthermore
fault
shift
拓展词汇会变
1．_______________ adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→_____________ vt.使懊恼；使沮丧→_____________________ n．沮丧；懊恼；挫败
2．__________________ n．感染；传染→_____________ vt.使感染；传染→___________________ adj.感染的；传染的
3．____________ n．证据；证明；检验→____________ vt.证明 ____________ vi.证明是
4．_____________ adj.数量多的；多种多样的→____________ vi.& vt.乘；繁殖
frustrated
frustrate
frustration
infection
infect
infectious
proof
prove
prove
multiple
multiply
5．______________ n．介入；出面；干涉→___________ vi.干扰；介入
6．__________ adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→_____________ adv.完全地；纯粹地→_____________ vt.净化；使……洁净
7．____________ adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的→____________ n．物质；物品；事实基础；根据
8．____________ vt.保卫；防守；辩解→______________________ n．防御；保卫；保护
intervention
intervene
pure
purely
purify
substantial
substance
defend
defense/defence
9．__________________ n．助理；助手→_____________ vt.& vi.帮助；协助→______________ n．帮助；协助；援助
10．___________ adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→________ n．礼物；天赋
11．________ adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→____________ adv.稳定地；持续地
12．_________ adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→____________ adv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地
assistant
assist
assistance
gifted
gift
steady
steadily
vivid
vividly
运用巩固提能
1．(2022·全国乙卷)Engineers are now working on a new ___________ (概念): the rail drones of the future.
2．(2022·全国甲卷)If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and _____________(绝妙的) live music, you should start here.
3．(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Register online or fill out a Group Play Registration Form with ____________(数量多的)date and start time options.
4．(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and __________(泵送) a lot more blood during exercise.
concept
brilliant
multiple
pump
5．(朗文当代)Opposition leaders will be watching carefully to see how the Prime Minister ___________(处理) the crisis.
6．(2022·全国乙卷)They suffered _____________(十分严重的) hardships.
7．(剑桥高阶) __________(倒出) the honey into the bowl and mix it thoroughly with the other ingredients.
8．(天津卷)I liked facts, things that are concrete.I thought anything ____________(抽象的) left too much room for argument.
handles
severe
Pour
abstract
9．(剑桥高阶) _______________(最初的) reports say that seven people have died, though this has not yet been confirmed.
10．(朗文当代)Joe listened, _____________(shift) uncomfortably from one foot to another.
11．With solid __________，the lawyer can certainly __________ that he is innocent.(prove)
12．He was ________________ with an _______________ disease and the serious ____________ likely claimed his life.(infect)
Initial
shifting
proof
prove
infected
infectious
infection
13．He, an _________________，came to my __________________；that is to say, he ______________ me in finishing the impossible task on time. (assist)
14．To _____________ her from being hurt, I must say something in her _____________.(defend)
15．Lang Lang is a ____________ pianist and he has a great _________ for playing the piano.(gift)
16．I often got ___________________ in this job and the constant __________________ almost made me quit the job.(frustrate)
assistant
assistance
assisted
defend
defence
gifted
gift
frustrated
frustration
17．With _____________ policies, the company's exports have been increasing _____________.(steady)
18．The problem lies in deciding when to __________________.The ________________ will help settle the problem.(intervene)
steady
steadily
intervene
intervention
写准记牢
1．___________________最终地；彻底地
2．________________同意；赞同
3．_______________幸亏；由于
4．______________(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
5．________________主管；掌管
6．_______________患(病)；染上(小病)
once and for all
subscribe to
thanks to
break out
in charge of
come down
7．_______________最重要的是；尤其是
8．_________________死于
9．____________及时；迟早
10．_____________________很可能做某事
above all
die from/of
in time
be likely to do sth.
语境运用
1．(朗文当代)Max is hardworking, cheerful, and ____________ honest.
2．(剑桥高阶)Our intention is to destroy their offensive capability ___________________.
3．(剑桥高阶)Frank ________________ the belief that human kindness would overcome evil.
4．(朗文当代)Fighting ________________ between demonstrators and the police.
above all
once and for all
subscribed to
broke out
5．(剑桥高阶)I left Jack __________________ the suitcase while I went to get the tickets.
6．(剑桥高阶)She ________________ hunger/cancer/a heart attack/her injuries.
7．(2020·天津卷)While libraries still loan out(出借) books, you'll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you're looking for, __________________ a cooperative network of area libraries.
in charge of
died from
thanks to
【词汇拓展记忆】
有无定冠词意义天壤之别
①in charge of主管；看管；负责
in the charge of被掌管
②in control of控制；管理
in the control of被……控制
③in possession of占有；拥有
in the possession of被占有
原句译背
1．until引导的时间状语从句
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
2．so...that...如此……以至于……
He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
____________________________________________________________________________________
3．that引导的宾语从句
Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
________________________________________________________
他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
4．It seemed that...似乎……
It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
__________________________________________________________________________________
5．have＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
______________________________________________________
该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。
因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
6．形容词短语作状语
Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair, unable to move and using a computer to talk.
____________________________________________________________________________
大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹，只能通过电脑来说话的样子。
仿写运用
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷读后续写)声音越来越大，直到大卫拖着腿越过终点。
The voice became louder and louder ____________________________, surpassing the terminal.
2．(剑桥高阶)这部电影的故事情节是如此复杂以至于我看不懂。
The film's plot _________________________ I couldn't follow it.
3．我认为我从读英文报Youth中获益良多。
_____________________________ from reading the English newspaper Youth.
until David dragged his leg
was so complex that
I think that I have benefited a lot
4．似乎我们很难解出这个数学题。
____________________________________ solving the math problem.
5．秦始皇成功地把所有的城墙连在一起。长城就这样形成了。
Emperor Qin Shihuang succeeded in _____________________________ together. Thus the Great Wall came into being.
It seemed that we had great difficulty
having all the walls joined
6．他吓得要死，不能挪动一步。
He was frightened to death, ___________________________.
unable to move an inch
核心考点 讲练提升
佳句背诵
Blamed for the failure of the performance, Tim felt seized by a burst of sadness and couldn't help crying bitterly.
由于演出失败而受到责备，蒂姆感到一阵悲伤，禁不住痛哭起来。
1.blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．指责；责备
归纳拓展
(1)be to blame(for sth.) 应(为……)承担责任；该(为……)受责备
blame sb.for sth.因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人
blame sth.on sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事
(2)take the blame承担过错
put the blame for sth. on sth.把某事归咎于某事
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(全国Ⅲ卷)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame _______ the alarm clock.
②I'm not going to sit around and take _________ blame for a mistake he made.
③(朗文当代)Officials believe that more than one person may be _____________(blame) for the fire.
on
the
to blame
写作运用提能
④当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责其他人。(话题写作之人际交往)
When getting along with others, we shouldn't always ________________ ______________.After all, many times ___________________________.So instead of ______________________，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place.
blame others for
mistakes
we are also to blame
blaming others
佳句背诵
First, with the popularity of e-books, people find it convenient to download books on the Internet, which leads to the decrease of traditional readers.
首先，随着电子书的普及，人们发现在互联网上下载书籍很方便，这导致了传统读者的减少。
2.decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
归纳拓展
(1)decrease to...减少到……
decrease by...减少了……
decrease from...to...从……减少到……
(2)on the decrease正在减少
on the increase正在增加
多维训练
单句语法填空
① _______________(decrease) the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
②The number of people aged 50 and under will decrease _______ 30% during the time.
To decrease
by
写作运用提能
③由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数量在减少。
→Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals _____________________.
→Because of human activities, the number of some rare animals ________________.
is on the decrease
is decreasing
佳句背诵
(2023·全国甲卷)The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world, helping her skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport.
这位中国教练把道格拉斯变成了世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她从一名普通的国家队队员一跃成为这项运动的顶尖选手。
3.transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
归纳拓展
(1)transform sb./sth.改变/转化某人/某物
transform...into...使……变成……
be transformed from...into...由……变成……
(2)transformation n．变化；改观；转变
多维训练
单句语法填空
①Their joint efforts have transformed the bald hill __________ one covered with green trees.
②_____________(transform) into a frog by the witch(巫婆)，the prince was driven out of the castle.
into
Transformed
写作运用提能
③您的慷慨帮助将我的第一次美国之旅变成了一个难忘的回忆。
Your generous help __________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________.
transformed/turned my first American trip into an unforgettable memory
佳句背诵
He planned to learn kung fu in the summer holidays so that he can defend himself against being attacked.
他计划在暑假学习功夫，这样他就可以抵御攻击了。
4.defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解
归纳拓展
(1)defend...against/from(doing...)保护……免受……
defend oneself自卫；为自己辩护
(2)defenc(s)e n．防御；保卫；保护
in defence (of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护
in one's defence为某人辩护
多维训练
单句语法填空
①The law allows people to defend themselves ____________________ a charge.
②The assistant stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if _______ defence.
from/against
in
写作运用提能
③看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写之肢体动作描写)
Seeing the fierce snake, ______________________________________. (defend)
→Seeing the fierce snake, _____________________________________. (defence)
he rushed to defend his son like an arrow
he rushed in defence of his son like an arrow
佳句背诵
(2022·浙江1月，读后续写)Aware that my partner came down with a serious disease, I had knots in my throat and rushed to hospital anxiously.
得知我的伴侣得了重病，我不禁哽咽，焦急地赶往医院。
5.come down(with...)染上；得了(……病)；患(病)
归纳拓展
come across(偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解
come about发生(无被动形式)
come on加油；到来；得了吧
come out出版；结果是；(花)开放
come up走近；上来；被提出
come up with提出；想出(主意、计划、回答等)
when it comes to...当谈及……
多维训练
单句语法填空
①Above all, tell me how the accident came ____________ immediately.
②My assistant's first novel came _________，which made me proud of him.
③She came __________ with this summer flu everyone's getting and went home before I got in.
④(牛津高阶)He spoke for a long time but his meaning didn't really come _____________.
about
out
down
across
写作运用提能
⑤ _________________________(当谈及) English learning, I have the following practical suggestions to share.Firstly, when you ________________ (遇见) unfamiliar words, don't always refer to the dictionary. Furthermore, when teachers' questions _______________(被提及) in class, you should try to ____________________(想出) answers.Lastly, if you fail, you must say to yourself, “ _______________(加油)！”(应用文写作之建议信)
When it comes to
come across
come up
come up with
Come on
佳句背诵
If you want to be popular, above all, join in our class activities and make a contribution to our class if possible.
如果你想受欢迎，最重要的是，参加我们的班级活动，如果可能的话对班级做些贡献。
6.above all最重要的是；首先；尤其是
归纳拓展
after all毕竟；终究
first of all首先；第一
all in all整体说来；总而言之
in all全部；合计
at all(否定句)一点也(不)；(疑问句)到底；究竟
多维训练
单句语法填空
①Thanks to your timely and generous help, I managed to handle the four problems _______ all.
用all的相关短语填空提能
②The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University.____________________________，you'd better learn some basic Chinese before you come._______________，you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances._________________，studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy __________.(应用文写作之推荐信)
in
First of all/Above all
After all
All in all
at all
佳句背诵
(2021·浙江6月，读后续写) I would keep working on the farm until I earned enough money to help my father buy a new tractor.
我将一直在农场工作直到我挣到足够的钱帮助爸爸买辆新拖拉机。
7.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world, until a British doctor, John Snow, showed how it could be overcome.
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
归纳拓展
(1)由until引导的时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。
(2)倒装结构：部分倒装“Not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋谓语助动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。
(3)强调结构：It is/was not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。
多维训练
单句语法填空
①We don't know its value ____________ we lose health.
写作运用提能
②直到我经历了这场事故，我才意识到坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。(读后续写之升华句)
I wasn't aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened ________________________________.(not...until)
until
until I experienced the accident
→_______________________________________________ bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(倒装句)
→________________________________________________________ bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(强调句)
Not until I experienced the accident was I aware that
It was not until I experienced the accident that I was aware that
佳句背诵
He was so nervous that he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.
→So nervous was he that he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.(读后续写之紧张心理描写)
他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉舌头打结，手心出汗。
8.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。
归纳拓展
so/such... that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。
(1)so... that...句型的常见形式：
so＋adj./adv.＋that...
so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数)＋that...
so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...
(2)such... that...句型的常见形式：
such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数)＋that...
such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...
(3)当so/such...放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。
多维训练
单句语法填空
①It is normal for __________ little boys to eat _______ little food, so don't blame them.
such
so
写作运用提能
②(2022·浙江6月，应用文写作)自习室是一个吸引人的地方，许多学生会聚集在那里进一步提高他们的学。
The self-study room is____________________________ many students will gather there to further improve their learning level. (such)
→___________________________________________________many students will gather there to further improve their learning level. (so)
such an appealing place that
The self-study room is so appealing a place that
佳句背诵
(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)We began to help pick peaches and then had them delivered to the farmers' houses.
我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。
9.Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
归纳拓展
have sth. done使某事被做；请人做某事；主语遭遇到某事
have sb. do sth.让某人做某事
have sb./sth. doing sth.让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态
can't have sb. doing sth.不能容忍某人做某事
have sth. to do有某事要做
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国甲卷)It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels _________(cut) by manufacturers(制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax.
②(2020·天津卷)The dancer's incredible performance had the audience on its feet ________________(clap) for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
cut
clapping
写作运用提能
③我们班主任不能容忍我们浪费时间。即使我们已完成作业，他也总是让我们阅读经典来开阔我们的视野。
Our head teacher _______________________________. Even if we have finished our homework, he always ______________________________ ____________________.
can't have us wasting our time
has us read classics to widen/broaden
our horizons
④我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。(应用文写作之道歉信)
I am terribly sorry for _______________________________________，because ______________________________________ just now.
having you waiting for me for so long
I had an urgent thing to attend to
关键能力 对点习得
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2023·浙江1月卷)Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels __________ a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction.
解析：考查动词短语。句意：在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间变成了各种传粉昆虫的庇护所，从而改善了土壤，减少了碳排放。
into
2．(2022·浙江1月卷)The age of electricity is closely linked ________ the steam age.
解析：考查介词。句意：电力时代与蒸汽时代密切相联。be linked with...与……相联。
3．(2021·全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the _______________(defend) equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
解析：考查词性转换。句意：在花了一些时间看了城墙上所有的防御设备后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在一段历史上更好的呢！由句意可知，填形容词修饰名词equipment。
with
defensive
4．(2021·全国乙卷)People ___________________(pour) into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
解析：考查动词时态。句意：从古希腊时代起，人们就涌入体育场馆。由时间状语since the days of ancient Greece可知，填现在完成时。
5．(柯林斯词典)Thomas came __________ with chickenpox(水痘)at the weekend.
解析：考查动词短语。句意：周末的时候，霍姆斯得了水痘。
have been pouring
down
6．(朗文当代)I was still living in London when the war broke _________.
解析：考查动词短语。句意：战争爆发时我还住在伦敦。
7．(牛津高阶)The authorities no longer subscribe _______ the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers.
解析：考查动词短语。句意：当局不再赞同残疾人不宜当教师的观点。subscribe to赞成，同意。
out
to
8．(朗文当代)Average house prices decreased _______ 13% last year.
解析：考查介词。句意：去年平均房价下降了13%。decrease by...下降了……。
9．(2022·全国乙卷) _____________(initial)the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury.
解析：考查词性转换。句意：最初，糖税预计每年将为财政部带来5.2亿英镑的收入。由句意可知，填副词修饰整个句子。
by
Initially
10．(2022·全国乙卷)Our _____________(find) suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism.
解析：考查词性转换。句意：我们的研究结果表明，当一个孩子把毯子盖在头上“藏起来”时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。
findings
Ⅱ.语境辨义练
1．写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①The research lacks solid proof, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful.________________
②It's my turn to be on the night shift.____________
③He read through the papers and made an abstract of their contents. _____________
④They shifted their viewpoints frequently.________________________
⑤The engine is used for pumping water out of the mine. ____________
adj.可靠的
n．轮班
n．摘要
vt.改变(观点或态度等)
vt.用泵输送
2．选出handle的汉语意思
①Don't handle the vase as if it were made of steel._______
②Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance. _______
③Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles. _______
④We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely._______
A．vt.处理 B．v.操纵
C．n.把手 D．vt.(用手)触、碰、拿
D
B
C
A
3．选出subscribe的汉语意思
①He subscribes to the view that we can tackle the severe problem in this way once and for all._______
②This is the school the outstanding and patriotic scientist subscribed to
generously in the past._______
③Using the money I earned in the holiday, I have subscribed to multiple magazines recently._________
A．vi.订阅 B．vi.赞成；同意
C．vi.捐助
B
C
A
核心素养 双写培优
Ⅰ.应用文写作运用(人物介绍)
1．利用本单元所学知识翻译句子
①钱学森于1911年12月11日出生在浙江一个富裕的家庭，他才华横溢，小时候被认为是一个“天才”男孩。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Qian Xuesen was born into a wealthy household on December 11,1911，Zhejiang Province. He was brilliant and he was regarded as a “super-gifted” boy in his childhood.
②淞沪会战爆发两年后，他从上海交通大学毕业，前往美国深造。他在那里获得了博士学位。
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
③他于1955年最终回到了自己的祖国，尽管美国政府不同意并进行了严厉的干预。
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Two years after the Songhu Battle broke out，he graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and went to the United States for his further study. He gained his doctor's degree there.
He returned to his homeland in 1955 once and for all，though the US government didn't subscribe to it and made severe intervention.
④回国后，他将自己的一生奉献给了中国的航空航天工业。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
⑤他负责火箭和导弹的设计和研究。
________________________________________________________________________________
After he returned to China, he devoted all his life to China's aerospace industry.
He handled the design and was in charge of the research of rockets and missiles.
⑥由于他的杰出成就，我们在保卫我们美丽家园的道路上扎实稳步前进。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thanks to his outstanding achievements, we have made solid and steady progress in defending our beautiful homeland.
2．使用恰当的过渡衔接词和非谓语动词连句成篇
参考范文：
Born into a wealthy household on December 11,1911，Zhejiang Province, Qian Xuesen was so brilliant that he was regarded as a “super-gifted” boy in his childhood.
Two years after the Songhu Battle broke out, he graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and went to the United States for his further study, where he gained his doctor's degree. He returned to his homeland in 1955 once and for all, though the US government didn't subscribe to it and made severe intervention. After he returned to China, he devoted all his life to
China's aerospace industry, handling the design and being in charge of the research of rockets and missiles.
Thanks to his outstanding achievements, we have made solid and steady progress in defending our beautiful homeland.
Ⅱ.读后续写微写作
情感描写之“吃惊”(二)
素材积累
必备单词 副词：astonishingly 令人惊讶地；令人震惊地；令人惊叹地
高级词块 1．freeze with shock震惊的动弹不得
2．feel/get surprised/astonished/amazed/shocked感到震惊
3．shake one's head in disbelief 难以置信地摇摇头
4．a flash of surprise一丝惊讶
素材运用
第一步 按要求完成下列句子。
1．迈克慢慢地转过身向窗外望去，结果他面对的只是一堵空白的墙。
Mike slowly turned to look out of the window, _____________________ ___________. (动词不定式短语作结果状语)
2．他呆住了，惊奇地张大了嘴。
__________________________________________. (独立主格)
only to face a blank
wall
He froze, his mouth hanging open in surprise
3．他既困惑又惊讶，目瞪口呆地看着墙。“为什么是一堵墙？”他喃喃自语。
________________________________, he gaped at the wall. “Why is it a wall？” he murmured.(形容词短语作状语)
4．似乎过了很长一段时间，他才回过神来，转向护士问道：“约翰是怎么看到外面那些令人印象深刻的景色，并描述给我听的呢？”
________________________________, he recovered himself and turned to the nurse, asking, “How could John have seen those impressive views outside and describe them for me？” (what从句作宾语)
Confused and astonished
After what seemed a long time
5．护士慢慢答道：“也许他只是想鼓励你。实际上，约翰是个盲人，他看不见墙。”
The nurse replied slowly, “Perhaps he just wanted to encourage you. Actually, _________________________________________.”
6．听了这些话，他惊得下巴掉在了地上。
Hearing this, _______________________________. (夸张)
John was blind and could not see the wall
his jaw dropped to the ground
第二步 将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇。
参考范文：
Mike slowly turned to look out of the window, only to face a blank wall. He froze, his mouth hanging open in surprise.Confused and astonished, he gaped at the wall.“Why is it a wall？” he murmured.After what seemed a long time, he recovered himself and turned to the nurse, asking, “How could John have seen those impressive views outside and describe them for me？”The nurse replied slowly, “Perhaps he just wanted to encourage you. Actually, John was blind and could not see the wall.”Hearing this, his jaw dropped to the ground.