人教版（2019）必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters复习课件(共125张PPT)

(共125张PPT)
UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS
(主题语境：人与自然——自然灾害)
晨背短文 语境记词
Disasters such as tornadoes，droughts，floods，landslides，volcanic eruptions, typhoons，hurricanes and earthquakes have come one after another, causing great damage to many countries.In summary，the earthquake has the worst effects.The 1976 Tangshan earthquake caused more than 240,000 deaths.90 percent of homes lay in ruins and people suffered a lot.Food, water and electricity were hard to get.Everywhere the shocked survivors saw destroyed bricks，deep cracks in village wells and useless metals as if the world were at an end.Rescue teams who were in shock dug out the trapped, buried the dead, and built shelters in the open air.With
unified efforts and wisdom of all people, the city revived itself and began to breathe again.Earthquakes under the sea can also cause tsunamis.The tsunami that struck Asia in 2004 crashed into coastlines.Huge waves swept away many people.Foreign countries aided these areas by delivering food and supplies by helicopters.(Tips for emergency which affects people greatly：※ Keep calm ※ Tap on a pipe or whistle for help※Stay away from power lines ※ Survive on what you have on hand ※ Keep first aid kits at home)
必备知识 巧记活用
阅读词汇会认
1．whistle vi. _________________ vt. _______n. __________________
2．tornado n．(pl.-oes or-os) _______________
3．drought n. ______________
4．tsunami n. ___________
5．volcanic eruption ___________
6．evacuate vt. ____________ vi. ________
7．helicopter n. __________
吹口哨；发出笛声
吹口哨
哨子(声)；呼啸声
龙卷风；旋风
旱灾；久旱
海啸
火山喷发
疏散；撤出
撤离
直升机
8．crack n. ______________vi.& vt. ________
9．brick n. ___________
10．metal n. _____
11．revive vt.& vi. ____________________
12．revival n. ______________
13．unify vi.& vt. ____________________
14．volcano n．(pl.-oes or-os) _____
15．typhoon n. _____
16．hurricane n. _____________________________
裂纹；裂缝
(使)破裂
砖；砖块
金属
复活；(使)苏醒
振兴；复苏
统一；(使)成一体
火山
台风
(尤指西大西洋的)飓风
重点词汇会写
1．___________ n．灾难；灾害
2．_______ vi.& vt.(slid)(使)滑行；滑动→_____(过去式)→_____(过去分词)
3．________ n．洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没
4．_________ n．& vt.营救；救援
5．_________vt.损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失
6．__________vt.摧毁；毁灭
disaster
slide
slid
slid
flood
rescue
damage
destroy
7．__________ n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
8．______ n．汽油；气体；燃气
9．_______n.& vt.破坏；毁坏
10．__________ n．百分之…… adj.& adv.每一百中
11．_______ vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n．险境；陷阱
12．_______ vt.埋葬；安葬→_________(过去式)→_________(过去分词)
13．_________n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
shelter
gas
ruin
percent
trap
bury
buried
buried
effort
14．__________ n．上下文；语境；背景
15．_________ n．供应(量)；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给
16．______ vi.& vt.轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n．水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
17．_______n.管子；管道
18．_______ adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt.使平静；使镇静
19．______n.援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.& vt.(formal)帮助；援助
20．________ vt.& vi.碰撞；撞击 n．撞车；碰撞
21．________vt.& vi.打扫；清扫→________(过去式)→________(过去分词)
context
supply
tap
pipe
calm
aid
crash
sweep
swept
swept
22．_______n.海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手
23．_________vi.& vt.侵袭；突击；击打 n．罢工；罢课；袭击→_________(过去式)→__________________(过去分词)
wave
strike
struck
struck/stricken
拓展词汇会变
1．________ n．死；死亡→_______ adj.死的→_________ adj.致命的→______ v．死亡
2．_________ vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动→_________ n．效果；结果；影响→____________ adj.有效的→____________ n．喜爱
3．_______ n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使)震惊→_________ adj.令人震惊的→__________ adj.感到震惊的
4．______________ n．电；电能→___________ adj.电的；用电的→_____________ adj.电子的
death
dead
deadly
die
affect
effect
effective
affection
shock
shocking
shocked
electricity
electric
electronic
5．__________ vi.& vt.呼吸→_________ n．呼吸→_____________ adj.气喘吁吁的
6．_________ n．智慧；才智→_______ adj.明智的→_________ adj.不明智的
7．_________ vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→____________ n．受难；苦楚
8．________ vi.& vt.(火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→___________ n．喷发
breathe
breath
breathless
wisdom
wise
unwise
suffer
suffering
erupt
eruption
9．__________ vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过→___________ n．幸存；生还→___________ n．幸存者；生还者
10．________ n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→___________ adj.强大的；强壮的→____________ adj.无力的
11．____________ n．突发事件；紧急情况→___________ adj.紧急的→_________ vi.浮现；出现
12．__________ vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→___________ n．投递；送交
survive
survival
survivor
power
powerful
powerless
emergency
emergent
emerge
deliver
delivery
13．__________ n．总结；概括；概要→_______________ vt.& vi.总结；概括
14．_________ n．长；长度→_______ adj.长的→___________ v．(使)变长→__________ adj.漫长的；冗长的
summary
summariz(s)e
length
long
lengthen
lengthy
运用巩固提能
1．(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷)A ________(洪水) had hit the area earlier that year and the _________(损失) it caused had driven away a number of birds.
2．(牛津高阶)A wealthy sponsor came to our _________(营救) with a generous donation.
3．(剑桥高阶)The accident seemed to have completely/totally ____________(摧毁) his confidence.
4．(剑桥高阶)They opened a __________(避难所) to provide temporary housing for the city's homeless.
flood
damage
rescue
destroyed
shelter
5．(朗文当代)Twenty miners were __________(使落入险境) underground.
6．(剑桥高阶)His father is _________(埋葬) in the cemetery on the hill.
7．(2021·全国乙卷)Provide financial ______(援助) and other benefits for local peoples.
8．(剑桥高阶)The police have warned the public that the killer could _________(侵袭) again.
9．(牛津高阶)The earthquake caused damage _____ property estimated at $6 million.
trapped
buried
aid
strike
to
10．(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Let your pen follow the ________(wave) of thought.
11．(2022·全国甲卷)It is my firm belief that only with joint __________(努力) can we have a better tomorrow.
12．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)When approaching the finish line, he burst into a big toothy smile and ________ (挥手) to me with excitement.
13．She drew the curtains and the sunlight __________(大量涌入) in.
14．A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing three years ago but ________ (废墟)．
waves
efforts
waved
flooded
ruins
15．Only when we react to emergencies in life _________ (calm) can we solve problems in a better way.
16．(朗文当代)She heard the wind ____________(whistle) through the trees and the howl of a distant wolf.
17．(牛津高阶)Who's that __________(tap) at the window
18．People were __________ to see that the little girl was often beaten by her stepmother.The ___________ news __________ all the people around.(shock)
calmly
whistling
tapping
shocked
shocking
shocked
19．We measured the _________ of the area and found it was just three meters _______ and thus, we needed to ___________ it.(length)
20．He takes a deep _________ and ___________ in the sweet smell of fresh flowers.(breathe)
21．Mastering some basic skills would greatly increase your chances of ___________.Thanks to the swimming skills, he and his friend succeeded in ____________ the terrible flood and they were the only two ____________.(survive)
shocked
long
lengthen
breath
breathes
survival
surviving
survivors
22．I have much ____________ for my mum, whose words and actions have a positive _________ on me. I was deeply ___________ by her. (effect)
23．The _________ disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 _________ up to now.(dead)
24．When you write a __________ of an article, ______________ the main idea of each part is the first step.(summary)
25．When an ___________ incident __________，you can immediately call the ____________ call.(emergency)
affection
effect
affected
deadly
deaths
summary
summarizing
emergent
emerges
emergency
写准记牢
1．___________像往常一样
2．________似乎；好像；仿佛
3．_________________结束；终结
4．___________严重受损；破败不堪
5．___________________……的数量
6．______________除……以外什么也不；只有；只不过
7．___________震惊；吃惊
as usual
as if
come to an end
in ruins
the number of...
nothing but
in shock
8．__________掘出；发现
9．_________张贴；搭起
10．__________________露天；在户外
11．________________急救箱
12．__________现有(尤指帮助)
13．_____________消灭；彻底消除
14．____________________拒绝做某事
15．___________至少
dig out
put up
in the open air
first aid kit
on hand
sweep away
refuse to do sth.
at least
语境运用
1．(牛津高阶)His career lies ___________.
2．(剑桥高阶)I was ___________ for about two weeks after the accident.
3．(剑桥高阶)A 1,200-strong military force will be __________ to monitor the ceasefire.
4．(剑桥高阶)A large wave _____________ half the sandcastle.
in ruins
in shock
on hand
swept away
5．(朗文当代) ___________，they'd left the children at home with Susan.
6．(剑桥高阶)The story was ______________ lies.
7．(2022·浙江1月卷)The world won't _________________ in most cases just because you left a few things undone.
As usual
nothing but
come to an end
【词汇拓展记忆】
后缀-al名词荟萃 “ABB”型不规则动词 “in＋n.”短语面面观
①survive→survival n．幸存；生还 ②revive→revival n．振兴；复苏 ③arrive→arrival n．到达 ④propose→proposal n．提议，建议 ⑤approve→approval n．批准，认可 ①sweep, swept, swept打扫；清扫 ②deal, dealt, dealt处理；交易；对付 ③slide, slid, slid(使)滑行；滑动 ④fight, fought, fought(与……)作战； 战斗 ⑤flee, fled, fled逃走；逃避 ⑥strike, struck, struck/stricken侵袭；突击 ①in return作为回报
②in detail详细地
③in control在控制之内
④in shock震惊；吃惊
⑤in order井然有序
⑥in place在适当的位置
原句译背
1．too...to...太……而不……
Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.
_____________________________________________________
2．as if引导表语从句
It seemed as if the world were coming to an end.
______________________
鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋里去。
仿佛世界末日即将来临。
3．主语＋be＋adj.＋to do
Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.
______________________________
4．those who...
Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
______________________________________________________________________________________
很难得到水、食物和电。
地震刚刚过去，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩埋死者。
5．现在分词短语作结果状语
The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia, India, Thailand, Malaysia, and at least four other countries.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚洲海岸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国家的6 500多人死亡。
6．be doing...when...正在做……突然……
I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
_____________________________________________________
我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。
仿写运用
1．(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)人们开始锻炼永远不会太晚。
______________________________________________
2．(2022·浙江1月卷，读后续写)他看着我好像我不在那里一样。
He looked at me ____________________________.
3．(2023·华南师大附中期末)我们公司欢迎那些容易相处的人。
Those who ________________________ are welcome to our company.
It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
as though I weren't there
are easy to get along with
4．(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)他说，但那些参加不那么激烈的运动的人的心并没有改变。
But the hearts of ____________ participated in less intense exercise didn't change, he says.
5．不幸的是，他的父亲去世了，使得他的家境更加困难。
Unfortunately, his father died, ________________________________.
6．(2021·浙江卷)母亲正要把杂货放进购物袋，这时一个陌生人向她走来。
My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags __________ _______________________.
those who
leaving the family even worse off
when a
stranger came up to her
核心考点 讲练提升
佳句背诵
(2021·天津卷，征文投稿)Affected by those selfless doctors, I have developed a deep affection for the career.
在这些无私的医生的影响下，我喜欢上了这个职业。
1.affect v．影响；感动；(疾病)侵袭；使感染
归纳拓展
(1)be affected by受……的影响；被……感动
be affected with感染……疾病
(2)effect n．影响；结果；效果
have an effect/influence on/upon对……产生影响
take effect起作用；产生效果
come into effect开始实施
side effect副作用
(3)effective adj.有效的
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2023·全国甲卷)Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly ____________(effect)at getting grizzlies away.
effective
写作运用提能
②(2020·浙江卷，应用文写作)得知你由于感染了重病而回爱尔兰，我非常抱歉。
Learning that you have returned to Ireland because _______________ _________________________，I am terribly sorry about it.
③(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，应用文写作)总的来说，英文报Youth对我有巨大的影响。我经常被报纸中数不清的感人故事深深感动。
In summary, the English newspaper Youth _______________________ ___________________.____________________________ countless moving stories in the newspaper.
you are affected
with a serious/severe illness
affects me greatly/has a
great effect on me
I am often deeply affected by
佳句背诵
If you are travelling where the customs are totally different from your own, you may feel a cultural shock.
如果你旅行的地方的风俗与你自己的完全不同，你可能会感到文化冲击。
2.shock vt.(使)震惊 n．休克；震惊；令人震惊的事
归纳拓展
(1)be a shock to...对……而言是一件震惊的事
in shock吃惊地，震惊地
(2)shocked adj.感到震惊的
be shocked at sth./that...对……感到震惊
be shocked to do sth.因做某事而感到震惊
(3)shocking adj.令人震惊的
多维训练
单句语法填空
①Looking at the house which lay in ruins _____ shock, he called 911 immediately to rescue the injured people who were trapped.
②All of us were __________ at the ___________ news that many deaths had been caused by the mountain fire.(shock)
③I was shocked __________(hear) the news that his car got crashed the other day seriously.The news was ____ shock to us.
in
shocked
shocking
to hear
a
一句多译提能
④(2020·浙江，读后续写)The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.Elli and I were shocked.
→The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head in, ____________ ________________________________________.(用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写)
→__________________________________________________________________________________________.(用what引导的主语从句和that引导的表语从句改写)
which shocked
Elli and me/which made Elli and me shocked
What shocked Elli and me was that the bear tore a hole in the fence
and put his head in
佳句背诵
With so many people buried under the ruins, none of the rescue workers would stop to have a rest.
由于有这么多人被埋在废墟下，没有一个救援人员会停下来休息。
3.bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏
归纳拓展
bury sth. in...把某物埋在……
bury one's face in hands双手掩面
bury one's sorrow in wine借酒消愁
bury oneself in＝be buried in埋头于，专心于
多维训练
一句多译夯基
①He wept sadly and he buried his face in his hands.(读后续写之动作描写)
→He wept sadly, __________________________.(用doing作状语改写)
→He wept sadly, _____________________________.(用with的复合结构改写)
→He wept sadly, ________________________.(用独立主格改写)
burying his face in his hands
with his face buried in his hands
his face buried in his hands
写作运用提能
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，应用文写作)我每天专心读英文报并获得了丰富多彩的知识。
I ________________________________________________________ and I have gained lots of colorful knowledge.
→____________________________________________，I have gained lots of colorful knowledge.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
bury myself in/am buried in reading the English newspaper every day
Buried in reading the English newspaper every day
佳句背诵
The smiles on their faces have deeply touched me and inspired me to devote my life to helping those suffering pains.
他们脸上的笑容深深打动了我，激励我致力于去帮助那些遭受痛苦的人。
4.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦
归纳拓展
(1)suffer from遭受……折磨；患……病
suffer from cold and hunger饥寒交迫
suffer pain/defeat/loss/poverty/hunger/hardship遭受痛苦/失败/损失/贫穷/饥饿/苦难
(2)suffering n．[U](指肉体或精神上遭受的)痛苦/疼痛/困难；[C]痛苦；苦恼的事
sufferer n．患病者；受苦者；受难者
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The project is also being used to help patients ____________(suffer)from dementia(痴呆), a serious illness of the mind.
②People of the disaster area suffered a lot _______ the typhoon, and water supplies and electricity were hard to get.
suffering
from
写作运用提能
③生活中总有一些起起伏伏，但是正是苦难让我们更加坚强。(读后续写之升华句)(强调句)
There are always some ups and downs in our lives, ______________ ___________________________________.
but it is the suffering that makes us stronger
佳句背诵
As we all know, without efforts nothing can be achieved.
众所周知，不努力则一事无成
归纳拓展
make an/every effort to do sth.努力做某事
spare no effort/efforts to do sth.不遗余力地做某事
be worth the effort努力是值得的
5.effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国乙卷)Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts ___________ (avoid) the charge, according to Treasury figures.
②(2022·全国甲卷) With the efforts _______ (make) by both sides, we began to understand each other better.
to avoid
made
写作运用提能
③让我们现在就开始，每一分钟都不遗余力地做好点滴。
Let's start right now and ____________________ a little bit every minute.
spare no effort to do
佳句背诵
(2021·全国甲卷)The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history.(英译汉)
西安城墙是中国漫长历史中所留下来的最完整的城墙。
6.survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸免；幸存；艰难度过；生还；比……活得长
归纳拓展
(1)survive on靠……存活下来
survive sth.幸免于；从……中活过来
A survive B(by＋时间) A比B活得长(……)
(2)survivor n．幸存者
survival n．幸存；生还
多维训练
单句语法填空
①We will do everything in our power to help those __________(survive) in the tornado.
②(牛津高阶)His only chance of ___________(survive) was a heart transplant.
③(浙江卷)Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe, surviving entirely _____ discarded(丢弃的) food.
④Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness, she still survived her husband _____ 5 years.
survivors
survival
on
by
写作运用提能
⑤生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(读后续写之升华句)
Life isn't about ______________________；it's about learning to dance in the rain.
⑥(2022·全国甲卷) 没有海洋，任何生物都无法生存，包括人类。
Without the oceans, _________________________________________ __________________________.
how to survive the storm
no living things would survive, humans included/including humans
佳句背诵
(牛津高阶)It's important to keep/remain/stay calm in an emergency.
情况紧急的时候，保持镇静是重要的。
7.calm vt.使平静；使镇静 adj.冷静的；平静的
归纳拓展
(1)calm sb./oneself down让某人/自己冷静下来
calm one's nerves镇定神经
calm the pain减轻痛苦
(2)be/stay/keep/remain calm保持镇静
(3)calmly adv.平静地；冷静地
calmness n．镇静
易混辨析
calm 平静的，沉着的；指无风浪或人的心情不激动
quiet 宁静的，安静的；指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑
silent 寂静的，沉默的；指不说话或没有声音
still 静止的，不动的；指(人体等)无运动的
多维训练
选词填空夯基
①当面对危险时，要保持冷静；照相时，要保持不动；其他人睡觉时，要保持安静；而在课上，不应该对老师的问题保持沉默。
When facing danger, one should keep _______；when taken photos, one should keep ________；when someone else is asleep, one should keep ________；in class, one shouldn't keep _________ about the teacher's questions.
完成句子提能
②他深深地吸了几口气，使自己平静下来。
He took a few deep breaths to ____________________.
calm
still
quiet
silent
calm himself down
佳句背诵
(朗文当代)Our staff are always on hand to help.
我们的工作人员随时准备提供帮助。
8.on hand现有(尤指帮助)
归纳拓展
(1)in hand 在手头；可供使用
at hand在手边；即将到来
by hand手工；靠人工
hand in hand手拉手；密切关联
with one's hands用自己的双手
give/lend sb.a hand帮助某人
on the one hand...on the other hand...一方面……另一方面……
(2)hand in上交；呈交
hand out分发
hand over移交
多维训练
用hand短语填空夯基
①________________ they'd love to have kids, but _________________ they don't want to give up their freedom.
②The neighbours are always willing to ______________.
③Help was __________.
④The fabric was painted __________.
⑤Poverty and poor health often go _______________.
⑥The emergency services were __________ with medical advice.
⑦(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)When I _____________the essay to my teacher, he read it, laughed out loud, and said, “Great.Now, write it again.”
On the one hand
on the other hand
lend a hand
at hand
by hand
hand in hand
on hand
handed in
写作运用提能
⑧(北京卷书面表达)在出发去农场的路上，老师强调了亲力亲为的重要性。
On the way to the farm, our teacher _____________________________ ___________________________.
stressed the importance of working with our own hands
佳句背诵
The students were sweeping up when I entered the classroom.(应用文写作之学校生活)
当我走进教室的时候，学生们正在打扫卫生。
9.sweep vt.& vi.(swept，swept)打扫；清扫
归纳拓展
sweep away消灭；完全打消
sweep up打扫；清扫
sweep aside清理掉；肃清；漠视；置之不理
sweep through掠过(某地)；蔓延
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国甲卷)Shirley Fitzgerald, the city's official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept ________ much of its past, including many of its finest buildings.
②(2020·浙江卷)I hope my good news for you will sweep _______ the shadow of disease.
③(牛津高阶)Rumours swept _______________ the town.
aside
away
through/with
佳句背诵
What struck me most was the enthusiasm of the local people.
给我印象最深的是当地人的热情。
10.strike vt.& vi.(struck, struck/stricken)击打；罢工；(时钟等)敲响；擦(火柴)；撞击；侵袭；给(某人以……)印象；突然想起 n．罢工；罢课；袭击
归纳拓展
(1)be struck with/by被……所袭击(感动)
It strikes/struck sb. that...某人觉得……；某人突然想起……
sth.strike(s)/struck sb.某人想到……
strike fear/terror into one's heart 使某人感到害怕/恐惧
(2)be on strike在罢工
go on strike举行罢工
(3)stricken adj.受灾的，患病的，受苦的
striking adj. 惊人的，显著的，引人注目的
名师点津
表示“突然想起”的表示还有：
It hits/hit sb.that...
It occurs/occurred to sb.that...
多维训练
单句语法填空
①The workers are coming out _____ strike for higher wages, which is a shock to the government.
on
写作运用提能
②被他为我所做的事情所感动，我不能自已，感激的泪水顺着脸颊流下来。(读后续写之心理描写)
Because _____________________________________________，I couldn't contain myself, tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.
→______________________________，I couldn't contain myself, tears of gratitude flowing down my cheeks.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
I was struck/with by what he had done for me
Struck by what he had done for me
③(2021·1月浙江卷，读后续写) 我突然想到我可以通过把我的头塞进南瓜赢得第一名。
_____________________________________ I could win the first place by forcing my head inside the pumpkin.
It suddenly struck/hit/occurred to me that
佳句背诵
The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake, which made us awake all night.(应用文之场景描写)
地震过后，整个城市成了一片废墟，使我们彻夜未眠。
11.in ruins严重受损；破败不堪
归纳拓展
(1)be/lie in ruins成为废墟；毁灭
fall/come into ruin成为废墟；毁灭
(2)ruin n．废墟；毁灭 vt.毁灭；使破产
ruin one's hope/health毁掉某人的希望/健康
多维训练
单句语法填空
①90 percent of houses lay _____ ruins after the landslide and helicopters were used to evacuate people living there.
in
一句多译提能
②(2020·全国Ⅰ卷，书面表达)The doctor I respect most buried himself in fighting against the deadly virus day and night and it nearly ruined his health.
→The doctor I respect most buried himself in fighting against the deadly virus day and night, ____________________________.(用which引导的非限制性定语从句改写)
→The doctor I respect most buried himself in fighting against the deadly virus day and night, ____________________.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
which nearly ruined his health
nearly ruining his health
佳句背诵
The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother.
孩子们对她很友好，甚至尊敬她，好像她是他们自己的母亲。
12.as if/though似乎；仿佛；好像
归纳拓展
(1)as if相当于as though, 意为“似乎，好像”，用在seem, look等系动词之后引导表语从句。as if/though还可引导方式状语从句。
(2)若as if/though从句描述非现实情况，则用虚拟语气。
①当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用一般过去时(be动词一般用were)；
②当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用过去完成时(had＋过去分词)；
③当从句表示与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词用would/could/might＋动词原形。
名师点津
若从句描述的情况发生的可能性很大，则不用虚拟语气。
多维训练
单句语法填空
①Listen, the whistle of an ambulance！It seems as if there _____(be) an emergency.
②When a pencil is partly put into a cup of water, it looks as if it _______(be) broken.
is
were
写作运用提能
③(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷，读后续写)大卫坚持跑步，好像他忘记了自己所有的弱点，尽管他在几公里内被绊倒了。
David insisted on running ________________________________，though he was tripped over within a few kilometers.
as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses
④树林里很黑，似乎每一簇灌木丛后面都有一头凶猛的野兽。她越这样想就越害怕。(读后续写之心理描写)
It is dark in the woods.It seems as if __________________________ _________________.The more she thinks of this, the more frightened she is.
⑤(2022·浙江1月卷，读后续写)我觉得他对待我就好像我会阻止他，让他在课程中无法获得A。
I felt he treated me ______________________________ and probably make him fail to get an A in the course.
there were a fierce beast behind every bush
as though I would hold him back
佳句背诵
Some children were sliding on the ice happily when they heard someone crying for help.(动作描写)
一些孩子正高兴地在冰上滑着，这时他们突然听到有人呼救。
13.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，突然海水开始灌到我家。
归纳拓展
句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。when表示“这时突然”之意，还用于以下三种句型：
(1)be about to do...when...正要做……突然……
(2)be on the point of doing...when...正要做……突然……
(3)had(just) done...when...刚做完……这时突然……
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Henry _____________(fix)his car when he heard the screams.
写作运用提能
②我们正要离开时，隔壁房间突然发出了巨大的响声。
We ______________________________________________ a big noise came from the next room.
was fixing
were about to leave/were on the point of leaving when
③(2023·浙江1月卷)我正站在车旁，这时一只蜂鸟飞到我们群的中央，开始盘旋。
I ____________________________ a hummingbird flew to the center of our group and began hovering.
④我刚刚从着火的房子里逃出来，这时房子塌了。
_________________________________________ it fell to the ground.
was standing by the car when
I had just escaped from the burning house when
关键能力 对点习得
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)There you will find Xiao long bao prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed ______hand rather than rolled.
解析：考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现小笼包的制作方式不同——更多的馅，汤少，外皮是用手压的，而不是卷起来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配。故填by。
by
2．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Besides, working in the garden seems to have a __________(calm)effect __________ Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues.
解析：考查非谓语动词和介词。句意：此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。第一空用动词-ing形式作定语；第二空固定短语have an effect on/upon“对……有影响”。
calming
on/upon
3．(2023·全国甲卷)Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy(租期) comes _____ an end.
解析：考查介词。句意：特里现在和朋友在伦敦西南部的旺兹沃斯租了一套房子，她说DIY还能让她在租约到期时避免损失任何押金。comes to an end“结束”。
to
4．(2023·浙江1月卷)I was just about to leave _______ the hummingbird appeared.
解析：考查固定句型。句意：我正要离开，这时那只蜂鸟出现了。be about to do...when...“正要做……突然……”。
5．(北京卷)The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great show of the very best of gardening, _________(make) it one of the most popular events in gardening.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该活动庆祝其22周年，并展示了最好的园艺，使其成为园艺中最受欢迎的活动之一。动词-ing形式作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。
when
making
6．(2022·浙江1月卷)With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon became the major forms of power ___________(deliver)．
解析：考查词性转换。句意：在特斯拉的帮助下，威斯汀豪斯的公司开发了一种使用交流电的系统，交流电很快成为电力输送的主要形式。由句意可知，把动词deliver变成名词形式。
delivery
7．(2020·浙江卷)The last thing I saw was Don's face, looking _________(calm) back at me.
解析：考查词性转换。句意：我最后看到的是唐的脸，他平静地看着我。此处用副词修饰动词短语look at。该题极易误判为系表结构。
8．(2022·浙江1月卷)Data collection was a __________(length)process.
解析：考查词性转换。数据收集是一个漫长的过程。由句意可知，填形容词修饰名词。
calmly
lengthy
9．(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)After you have revised your draft until it is too messy __________(work)from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor.
解析：考查固定句型。句意：当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱无法再用了，你可以把你的改变输入到你的文字处理器。too...to...“太……而不……”。
10．(2022·全国甲卷，应用文写作)What's more, we can also hand ______ leaflets to call on more people to protect the ocean.
解析：考查动词短语。句意：更重要的是，我们还可以分发传单，呼吁更多的人保护海洋。hand out“分发”。
to work
out
Ⅱ.语境辨义练
1．写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①(2021·全国甲卷)I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a few feet deep. _________
②When we visited the old family home, past sweet memories came flooding back.________________
③She was rushed to the hospital after suffering from shock._________
④(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌) ______________
n．小山
v．大量涌入
n．休克
v．留存/吸收
2．选出strike的汉语意思
A.v.打动 B．v.使突然想起 C．n.罢工
D．v.(灾难、疾病等)袭击　E．v.敲钟
①When I entered the room, the clock had just struck 10._____
②(2021·天津3月卷)More importantly, every year a large number of tourists are struck/stricken by the charm of the famous sights in Beijing._____
③They have been on strike for several days to get a higher pay._____
E
A
C
④A big earthquake struck the city last year, killing hundreds of people._____
⑤(2021·浙江1月卷)It suddenly struck me that I could win the first place by forcing my head inside the pumpkin._____
D
B
核心素养 双写培优
Ⅰ.应用文写作运用(发言稿——在线学习)
1．利用本单元所学知识翻译句子
①我忽然想到在线学习对我们学生有重大影响。
_______________________________________________________
②许多学生专心学习有益的在线课程，这既扩大了他们的视野也提高了他们的学习兴趣。(非限制性定语从句)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
It strikes me that online learning has a great effect on us students.
Many students are buried in learning beneficial online courses, which broadens their horizons and enhances their learning interest.　
③使我们震惊的是许多学生沉溺于在线游戏。(主语从句；表语从句)
_________________________________________________________________________________
④从长远看一定会毁掉他们的健康和希望。
___________________________________________________
What shocks us/What makes us shocked is that many students are addicted to online games.　
It will definitely ruin their health and hope in the long run.　
⑤尽管这个问题很难解决，我们应该不遗余力地帮助那些正在遭受网瘾之苦的人。(主语＋be＋adj.＋to do)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Although/Though/While the problem is difficult to handle, we should spare no effort to help those who are suffering from Internet addiction.　
2．使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇
参考范文：
It strikes me that online learning has a great effect on us students.Many students are buried in learning beneficial online courses, which broadens their horizons and enhances their learning interest.However, what shocks us/what makes us shocked is that many students are addicted to online games.As far as I'm concerned, it will definitely ruin their health and hope in the long run.Although/Though/While the problem is difficult to handle, we should spare no effort to help those who are suffering from Internet addiction.
Ⅱ.读后续写微写作
动作描写之“动动脚”
素材积累
必备单词 walk走　　　　 run跑　　　　　 crawl爬行
creep匍匐爬行 scramble攀登 climb攀登
march行走，快步走 sneak偷偷地走 jump跳
tread踩，踏 tramp步行
stagger/stumble蹒跚 limp 跛行 tiptoe 用脚尖走 pace来回踱步
必备单词 wander漫步；闲逛 leap/skip/spring跳跃
slip溜走，滑倒 hop单脚跳
dash猛冲；急奔 chase追逐
race快速奔跑 rush急速行进 thunder 轰隆隆地快速移动 step 迈步；踩，踏
kick 踢 flee 逃走
高级词块 1.make one's way前往＝head to　　　　　　　　　
2.feel one's way摸索着前进
3．fight one's way奋勇前进
4.push one's way挤出去
5．wind one's way蜿蜒前行
6.elbow/force one's way挤着向前走
7．rise/get to one's feet站起来
高级词块 8.jump/leap to one's feet 跳起来
9．drag one's feet拖着脚步
10.tap/stamp one's feet跺脚
11．put one's feet up跷起脚休息
12.shaky/trembling legs 颤抖的双腿
13．cross one's legs 盘腿
14.drag one's heavy legs 拖着沉重的双腿
素材运用
运用表格中的必备单词/高级词块，把下面的语篇补充完整。
Rocky Lyons was five years old when his mother Kelly was driving through rural Alabama.He was asleep on the front seat of their truck ____________________(盘起双腿)．Suddenly ，the truck turned over down to a valley.Rocky moved out from under Kelly, ________(溜进) through the open window and tried to pull his mother out.But she didn't move.Rocky ___________(爬行) back into the truck and managed to push Kelly out of the crashed truck.He then told her they'd _________(攀爬) up to
1.with his legs crossed
2.slid
3.crawled
4.climb
the road and stop a car to get help.Hearing the encouragement from Rocky, Kelly picked up the hope and ________________(摸索着前进) in the dark.It was midnight when they reached the road.Due to tiredness, Rocky fell down at the moment he ___________(迈步)on the ground.However, he __________ _________________(颤抖着站起来)，yelling out aloud for help.Fortunately, a car stopped and the mother and son were rushed to the hospital.It took 8 hours to rebuild Kelly's face.Rocky _____________________(踱来踱去), waiting worriedly outside the operation room.The five-year-old boy just couldn't stop crying his heart
5.felt her way
6.stepped
7.rose to his
feet on shaky legs
8.paced up and down
out.No sooner had the doctor told Rocky his mother was fine than he _______________(冲进)the room.Until his mother was asleep, then he ____________(蹑手蹑脚地) quietly out of the room.
9.dashed into
10.tiptoed
直击高考 · 精准落实
真题感悟
(江苏卷)
El Ni o, a Spanish term for“the Christ child”，was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.El Ni o sees warm water, collected over several years in the western Pacific, flow back eastwards when winds that normally blow westwards weaken, or sometimes the other way round.
The weather effects, both good and bad, are felt in many places.Rich countries gain more from powerful Ni os, on balance, than they lose.A study found that a strong Ni o in 1997-98 helped America's economy grow by $15 billion, partly because of better agricultural harvests：farmers in the Midwest gained from extra rain.The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is greater than the fall in poor ones.
But in Indonesia extremely dry forests are in flames.A multi-year drought(干旱) in south-east Brazil is becoming worse.Though heavy rains brought about by El Ni o may relieve the drought in California, they are likely to cause surface flooding and other disasters.
The most recent powerful Ni o, in 1997-98，killed around 21,000 people and caused damage worth $36 billion around the globe.But such Ni os come with months of warning, and so much is known about how they happen that governments can prepare.According to the Overseas Development Institute(ODI)，however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.
Simple improvements to infrastructure(基础设施) can reduce the spread of disease.Better sewers(下水道) make it less likely that heavy rain is followed by an outbreak of the disease of bad stomach.Stronger bridges mean villages are less likely to be left without food and medicine after floods.According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and co-authors, civil conflict is related to El Ni o's harmful effects—and the poorer the country, the stronger the link.Though the relationship may not be causal, helping divided communities to prepare for disasters would at least reduce the risk that those disasters are followed by killing and wounding people.Since the poorest are least likely to make up for their losses from disasters linked to El Ni o, reducing their losses needs to be the priority.
1．What can we learn about El Ni o in Paragraph 1 ____
A．It is named after a South American fisherman.
B．It takes place almost every year all over the world.
C．It forces fishermen to stop catching fish around Christmas.
D．It sees the changes of water flow direction in the ocean.
解析：细节理解题。第一段概括说明了厄尔尼诺现象名字的来源，发生的时间、地点、现象的成因等内容。根据文中“back eastwards”和“normally blow westwards”等关键词可知D项正确。故选D。
D
2．What may El Ni os bring about to the countries affected ____
A．Agricultural harvests in rich countries fall.
B．Droughts become more harmful than floods.
C．Rich countries' gains are greater than their losses.
D．Poor countries suffer less from droughts economically.
C
解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中 “Rich countries gain more...”排除A项，错误点出在fall一词；B项的说法没有根据，文章中并没有做出对比；D项错在less一词，从文章第二段和第三段的说明可知，一些贫困的国家，如印度尼西亚，遭受到严重的干旱，影响了国家的经济发展。C项的题源句为第二段中“Rich countries gain more from powerful Ni os, on balance, than they lose.”，句意为“总的来说，富裕国家得大于失。”故选C。
3．The data provided by ODI in Paragraph 4 suggest that ____.
A．more investment should go to risk reduction
B．governments of poor countries need more aid
C．victims of El Ni o deserve more compensation
D．recovery and reconstruction should come first
A
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中“According to the Overseas Development Institute(ODI), however, just 12% of disaster-relief funding in the past two decades has gone on reducing risks in advance, rather than recovery and rebuilding afterwards.”句意为：然而根据海外研究所提供的数字，在过去的20年里，相比于灾后恢复和重建，只有12%的赈灾资金用于事先的减灾预防。just的内涵意义是“言其少”，因此选择A项。B、C项文章没有提及，D项弄反了作者的观点。故选A。
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the passage ____
A．To introduce El Ni o and its origin.
B．To explain the consequences of El Ni o.
C．To show ways of fighting against El Ni o.
D．To urge people to prepare for El Ni o.
D
解析：作者意图题。作者首先简要介绍了厄尔尼诺现象，列举了其危害性，进而引出作者写作的真实意图：厄尔尼诺现象是可预报、可预防的，因此政府部门以及有关人员应该积极行动起来做好灾害的防范工作。A、B、C三项都属于以偏概全，以事实细节代替写作目的。
理清脉络
语言能力
(一)高级词块
agricultural adj.农业的
recovery n．恢复
causal adj.构成原因的，因果关系的
term n．术语
gain v．获利
(二)长难句突破
El Ni o, a Spanish term for“the Christ child”，was named by South American fishermen who noticed that the global weather pattern, which happens every two to seven years, reduced the amount of fishes caught around Christmas.
分析：本句为含有两个定语从句和一个宾语从句的主从复合句。主句部分为El Ni o was named by South American fishermen；a Spanish term for “the Christ child” 作 ______，对El Ni o做进一步的解释；在who引导的定语从句中，又包含that引导的 _____从句和which引导的_____从句。
同位语
宾语
定语
翻译：厄尔尼诺现象，西班牙语 “圣婴现象” 的音译，是由南美洲渔民命名的，他们注意到全球天气 (变化) 模式会使临近圣诞节的捕鱼量减少，这一现象每两至七年发生一次。