人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world课件(共115张PPT)

(共115张PPT)
UNIT 5　LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD
(主题语境：人与自我——语言学习)
晨背短文 语境记词
When referring to English, we know English is widely used in global affairs.No matter what kind of English people are speaking, native speakers have no trouble understanding the words like “gas”，“petrol”，“subway”，“apartment”，“pants”，“semester” and other words despite the small differences in vocabulary.But students whose mother tongue is not English are struggling with billions of words.On the other hand, from foreigners’ points of view，Chinese is regarded as a demanding language.Firstly, the major language which is called Pu Tong Hua in China is hard enough to learn, let alone varieties of dialects.Secondly, Chinese characters are abstract
symbols for them.The writing system，dating back to the Shang Dynasty when people carved something with specific meanings on bones or shells，is like strange pictures.However, based on the common appreciation of these characters, some classic works are still read now and by this means we can know more about the ups and downs in ancient times.Besides, calligraphy is also an art form closely related to Chinese culture.I beg all the people hold a positive attitude to both languages, which are of equal importance.To bridge the gap between cultures, by no means should we give up learning them well.
必备知识 巧记活用
阅读词汇会认
1．bone n. ________________
2．shell n. ________________
3．carve vt.& vi. _________
4．dynasty n. ______________
5．dialect n. _______________
6．tongue n. ______________
7．semester n. _________
8．pants n．[pl.](BrE) ____________；(especially NAmE) __________
骨头；骨(质)
壳；壳状物
雕刻
王朝；朝代
地方话；方言
舌头；语言
学期
内裤；短裤
裤子
重点词汇会写
1．__________ n．十亿
2．_________ adj.本地的 n．本地人
3．___________ n．态度；看法
4．_________ n．体系；制度；系统
5．__________ prep.即使；尽管
6．_________ n．因素；要素
7．_________ n．符号；象征
8．________ n．方式；方法；途径
billion
native
attitude
system
despite
factor
symbol
means
9．__________ adj.传统的；最优秀的；典型的 n．经典作品；名著
10．_________ n．尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待
11．____________ n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
12．______________ n．书法；书法艺术
13．_________ n．公共事务；事件；关系
14．___________ n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
15．_________ n．(NAmE gas)汽油
16．_________ n．(BrE underground)地铁
17．____________ n．(especially NAmE)公寓套房
18．______ n．间隔；开口；差距
19．_____________ n．词汇
classic
regard
character
calligraphy
affair
struggle
petrol
subway
apartment
gap
vocabulary
拓展词汇会变
1．____________ n．指称关系；参考→________ vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于
2．________ adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征的)→_______ vt.以……为基础 n．底部；根据→________ n．基础→________ adj.基础的
3．__________ n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→_______ v．变化；不同→__________ adj.各种各样的
reference
refer
based
base
basis
basic
variety
vary
various
4．________ adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究→___________ n．大多数
5．_________ adj.全球的；全世界的→________ n．地球；地球仪
6．________ vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值→_____________ n．感激；欣赏→_______________ adj.感激的
7．___________ adj.特定的；明确的；具体的→_______________ adv.特定地；明确地
8．______ vt.恳求；祈求；哀求→_________ n．乞丐
major
majority
global
globe
appreciate
appreciation
appreciative
specific
specifically
beg
beggar
9．_____ n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的→__________ adv.平等地→___________ n．平等
10．______ n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问→_________ adj.要求高的
11．______________ n．描写(文字)；形容→___________ vt.描述
12．______ vt.联系；讲述→________ adj.相关的→_________ n．关系→_______________ n．关系
equal
equally
equality
demand
demanding
description
describe
relate
related
relation
relationship
运用巩固提能
1．(牛津高阶)They had a wonderful holiday, __________(尽管) the bad weather.
2．(2023·全国甲卷) Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive _____________(特点)in the hills or lakes.
3．(剑桥高阶)Some of the tunnels in the cliff are natural, some were _________(雕刻) out.
despite
character
carved
4．(剑桥高阶)I've been _____________(奋斗)to understand this article all afternoon.
5．(柯林斯词典)His _____________(词汇) was sound and his grammar was excellent.
6．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Steven Moran says the set of human speech sounds is a complex and dynamic _________(系统)．
7．(2022·全国乙卷)When you ride a bicycle, you don't use _______ (汽油)．
struggling
vocabulary
system
petrol
8．(2022·全国甲卷)There's one notable ______(差距) in my new-media experience, however.
9．Let's state clearly：Einstein was a genius.His face is almost the international _________(象征) for genius.
10．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)If food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse _________(gas)in the world.
11．(2022·全国乙卷)What is Susan's attitude _____ John's problem
12．The ___________ of the students look forward to ____________ in English because English _________ can find a job easily.(major)
gap
symbol
gases
to
majority
majoring
majors
13．I would like to express my _______________ to all of you.I am completely _______________ of your support.No words are enough to express how I _____________ your assistance.(appreciate)
14．All men are born ________，so everyone hopes to be treated __________ because ___________ is the essential demand.(equal)
15．It is an important but ____________ job, so it ________ our joint efforts.(demand)
16．I have difficulty _____________ the tourist attraction, whose beauty is beyond ______________.(describe)
appreciation
appreciative
appreciate
equal
equally
equality
demanding
demands
describing
description
17．I was wandering in a subway station when I saw a _________ __________ for food.(beg)
18．The company whose _______ is in Beijing desires to build business relationship with us on the ________ of trust and mutual benefit and their goods meet our ________ requirements.(base)
19．When taking examinations, we are banned from ____________ to our ____________ books.(reference)
beggar
begging
base
basis
basic
referring
reference
20．The chairman of the Student Association organizes ____________ of activities, __________ from English Corner to Speech Competitions.So students can improve __________ abilities.(variety)
21．I have a lot to say in ___________ to this affair.Actually I am closely __________ to it.(relate)
22．(2022·全国甲卷)First, try every means to fight against _________ warming, which has become a great threat to sea creatures around the ________.(globe)
varieties
varying
various
relation
related
global
globe
写准记牢
1．___________指的是；描述；提到；查阅
2．________________浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
3．____________________追溯到
4．________________观点；看法
5．____________与……相关；涉及；谈到
6．_______________因为……而著名
7．___________________起初
refer to
ups and downs
date back (to...)
point of view
relate to
be known for
at the beginning
8．__________导致
9．_______________________在……中起着重要的作用
10．____________________在……方面有困难
11．___________________________ 习惯于(做)某事
12．____________ 依靠，依赖
lead to
play a major role in
have trouble with
get used to (doing) sth
depend on
语境运用
1．The teacher ______________ in my last letter has gone abroad.
2．(剑桥高阶)This tradition ________________ medieval times.
3．(剑桥高阶)Like most married couples we've had our ___________，but life's like that.
4．(朗文当代)I respect your ________________ but I'm not sure I agree with you.
5．(朗文当代)A degree in English could __________ a career in journalism.
referred to
dates back to
ups and downs
point of view
lead to
6．(朗文当代)Parents __________ important __________ their child's learning.
7．(2022·全国甲卷)It goes without saying that oceans _____________ ______ the world.
play an
role in
play a major
role in
【词汇拓展记忆】
盘点-ic结尾形容词加-ally变副词 单复数意义不同的名词小结 无“被动语态”的短语
①basic 基本的→basically 基本上；根本上 ②specific 具体的→specifically 具体地 ③scientific 科学的→scientifically 科学地 ①custom 风俗→customs 海关 ②manner 方式→manners 礼貌 ③paper 纸→papers 文件 ①date from/back to追溯到
②come into being诞生
③take place发生
盘点-ic结尾形容词加-ally变副词 单复数意义不同的名词小结 无“被动语态”的短语
④automatic 自动的→automatically 自动地 ⑤enthusiastic 热情的→enthusiastically 热情地 ⑥dramatic 戏剧性的→dramatically 戏剧性地 ④art 艺术→arts 文科 ⑤short 短片→shorts 短裤；内裤 ⑥mean 平均值→means 方式；方法；途径 ④belong to属于
⑤come into existence成立；开始存在
⑥consist of 由……组成
原句译背
1．why引导的定语从句
There are many reasons why this has been possible，but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
______________________________________________________________
2．be of＋抽象名词＝be ＋形容词
That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
______________________________
这之所以成为可能有很多原因，其中一个主要因素就是中国书写体系。
这种书写体系在凝聚中华民族和中华文化方面具有重要意义。
3．“no matter＋疑问词”引导让步状语从句
Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak，they can all still communicate in writing.
_______________________________________________________________________________
即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
4．as引导的时间状语从句，意为“随着”
As China plays a greater role in global affairs，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China's culture and history through this amazing language.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着越来越重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言欣赏中国的文化和历史。
5．the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..
It was exercise for the brain；the more I learnt of a language, the more my brain would grow.
__________________________________________________________
这是对大脑的锻炼；我对一门语言的了解越多，我的大脑就越发达。
仿写运用
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)在这次活动之前，你已经做好了充分的准备，这是你出现在这里的最重要原因。
You have a full preparation before this event, which is the most important reason _______________________.
2．(牛津高阶)学历史的学生会对这个讲座特别有兴趣。
The lecture will _________________________ to history students.
3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来
Whatever it is, ______________________________，write it down.
why you show up here
be of special interest
no matter how small it might seem
4．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷，应用文写作)随着时间的推移，我对英文报Youth越来越感兴趣了。
__________________，I have become more and more interested in the English newspaper Youth.
5．你越努力工作，你取得的进步就越大。
_____________ you work, _____________________________.
As time goes by
The harder
the greater progress you will make
核心考点 讲练提升
佳句背诵
Referred to as Steel Roses, the Chinese woman soccer team players have won our worship and respect recently.
被称为“铿锵玫瑰”的中国女足队员最近赢得了我们的崇拜和尊重。
1.refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于(referred, referred)
归纳拓展
(1)refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅
refer to a book/dictionary查阅书/词典
refer to...as...把……称作……
(2)reference n．提及；参考；参考书目
in/with reference to sb./sth.关于
reference books/material参考书/参考资料
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)“Big change requires big ideas.” he said in a speech last month, referring broadly _____ the need to improve road safety.
②He ___________(refer) to the system that was related to the welfare of billions of people at the conference.
③They always refer to me _____ a bookworm because I am always addicted to reading.
to
referred
as
写作运用提能
④(2021·全国甲卷，书面表达)我写信寻求您的关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人的建议。
I am writing to ask for your advice __________________________ _________________________________________________________.
⑤如果你遇到了不认识的字，我强烈建议你查阅参考书或者向他人求助。(应用文写作之建议信)
If you meet with the characters you don't know, I strongly suggest that _____________________________________________________.
in/with reference to what kinds of traditional Chinese cultures appeal to foreigners most .
you (should) refer to reference books or turn to others for help
佳句背诵
(2022·浙江1月卷)My choices are based on the lifestyle I want.
我的选择是基于我想要的生活方式。
2.base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n．底部；根据
归纳拓展
(1)base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon...以……为基础
(2)basis n．基础
on a daily/regular basis每天/定期
on a daily/weekly basis每天/每周
on the basis of在……的基础上
(3)basic adj.基本的；基础的
多维训练
单句语法填空
①I am writing to inform you of some basic table manners.________(base)on traditional Chinese customs, you should let the elderly eat first.
②_________(base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
③There have been some problems but ____________(basic) it's a good system.
Based
Basing
basically
写作运用提能
④队员们需要每天放学之后接受训练，并且定期被提供机会去观摩乒乓球赛。
Team members need to receive training after school every day and they ____________________________________________________________________.
⑤(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷，应用文写作) 我的建议是根据学生的语言能力来分组，或者让学生自己选择合作伙伴。
My suggestion is to group students ____________________________or to let students choose their own partners.
are also offered opportunities to watch table tennis competitions on a regular basis
based on their language abilities
佳句背诵
You'd better practice using chopsticks in advance, which is also a means of showing your good table manners.(建议信)
你最好事先练习用筷子，这也是展示你良好的餐桌礼仪的一种方式。
3.means n．方法；方式；途径
归纳拓展
a means of一种……的方法(means单复数同形)
by all means可以；当然行；没问题
by means of借助……手段；依靠……方法
by no means绝不，无论如何也不，一点都不(置于句首时，句子要部分倒装)
多维训练
单句语法填空
①Watching films was regarded as ____ means of entertainment when we were young.
②Ancient people recorded what had happened _____ means of carving varieties of symbols with specific meanings onto shells or bones.
③Every means _________________(try) so far, but we still can't solve the problem.
④(剑桥高阶)We need to find some other ___________(means) of transportation.
a
by
has been tried
means
写作运用提能
⑤没有Paul的好心帮忙，Mac绝不会赤手空拳把狼吓跑。
Mac ____________________________________ with bare hands without the help of kind-hearted Paul.
→___________________________________________ with bare hands without the help of kind-hearted Paul.(用倒装句改写)
could by no means scare the wolf off/away
By no means could Mac scare the wolf off/away
佳句背诵
Some of the plants and animals have survived millions of years, and are regarded as living fossils.
有些动植物已经存活了数百万年，被认为是活化石。
4.regard n．尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待
归纳拓展
(1)regard...as...把……当作
(2)as regards关于；至于
with/in regard to＝regarding＝considering关于；对于
in this/that regard在这一方面；在这一点上
give my regards to your parents代我向你父母问好
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(牛津高阶)He is very sensitive _____ this regard.
②(2021·全国乙卷)Ecotourism is commonly regarded _____ low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places.
in
as
写作运用提能
③(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)我写信想请你帮个忙，看看我们根据课本改编的一部戏。
I'm writing sincerely to ask you a favor ___________________________ we adapted according to the textbook.
regarding/with regard to a play
佳句背诵
(2022·浙江1月卷)Together we appreciated the finest arts from Peking Opera to the Irish dance.
我们一起欣赏了从京剧到爱尔兰舞蹈的最好的艺术。
5.appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值
归纳拓展
(1)appreciate sth.欣赏某物；感激某事
appreciate(one's) doing sth.喜欢/感激(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if...如果……我将不胜感激。
(2)appreciation n．欣赏；感激
名师点津
(1)appreciate和thank都可表示“感激，感谢”，appreciate的宾语一般是sth.，而thank的宾语一般是sb.。
(2)当appreciate, enjoy, hate, dislike, depend on, see to等词后接宾语从句时，一般先加it, 再接宾语从句。
多维训练
单句语法填空
①I appreciate ______________(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
②(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，应用文写作) I'd appreciate _____ if you take my suggestions into consideration.
being given
it
写作运用提能
③(2021·全国甲卷，书面表达)如果你能告诉我中国的哪些文化最吸引像你这样的外国友人，我将不胜感激。(应用文写作之求助信)
______________________________________________ which Chinese cultures attract foreigners like you most.(appreciate it if...)
→____________________________________________ which Chinese cultures attract foreigners like you most.(appreciate one's doing)
④我写信来表达一下我对你的感激之情，感谢我在伦敦逗留期间你为我所做的一切。(应用文写作之感谢信)
______________________________________what you did for me during my stay in London.
I would really appreciate it if you could inform me of
I would really appreciate your informing me of
I'm writing to express my appreciation for
佳句背诵
I am convinced that I am equal to being a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition.
我确信我能胜任做这个中国绘画展的志愿者。
6.equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相等的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的 v．与……相等，等于；比得上
归纳拓展
(1)be without equal＝have no equal无与伦比
(2)be equal to sth./doing sth.等于/胜任(做)某事
(3)A equal B in(doing) sth.A在(做)某事上比得上B/与B匹敌
(4)equally adv.相等地；同等地；公平地；同样地
equality n．平等；相等
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国乙卷)Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides __________(equal) contact(联系) and share with one another.
②From my point of view, Michael Jordan is __________ equal in playing basketball.
equally
without
写作运用提能
③首先，没人在英语口语方面比得过我。同样重要的是我擅长与其他人交流。因此，我坚信我胜任博览会志愿者的工作。(应用文写作之申请信)
Firstly, nobody can _____________________.____________________ is that I am good at communicating with others.So I hold the firm belief that ____________________ as a volunteer for the fair.
equal me in oral English
Equally important
I am equal to the job
佳句背诵
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)Because picking apples involved climbing trees, the farmers demanded that we should be cautious and careful.
因为摘苹果需要爬树，农民们要求我们谨慎小心。
7.demand n．需求；要求 vt.强烈要求；需要 vi.查问
归纳拓展
(1)demand to do sth.要求做某事
demand that...要求……(从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略)
(2)be in(great) demand(迫切)需求
meet/satisfy one's demand(s)满足某人的需求
(3)demanding adj.要求高的；费力的
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(牛津高阶)He demanded he __________(tell)everything.
②(2020·浙江卷)Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激), ____________(demand) jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.
③Science graduates are _____ greater demand than liberal arts ones in China.
be told
demanding
in
写作运用提能
④我要求在山间骑马。为了满足我的需求，我叔叔要求我和父亲顺着这条道走，以防迷路。
I ___________________________ in the mountains.________________ __________，my uncle demanded that ____________________________ __________ in case we could get lost.
demanded to take a horse ride
To meet/satisfy
my demands
my father and I (should) keep to
the track
佳句背诵
(2023·全国甲卷)Apart from the knowledge and skills related to my major, I'm really good with computers.
除了专业相关的知识和技能外，我还很擅长电脑。
8.relate v．联系；讲述
归纳拓展
(1)relate to与……相关；涉及；谈到
relate sth.to sb.向某人讲述某事
relate...to...把……和……联系起来
(2)related adj.有关的；有联系的
be related to...与……有联系
(3)relation n．关系，联系；亲戚
in relation to(＝concerning)关于；与……相比
(4)relationship n．关系；联系
relative adj.比较的；相对的 n．亲戚
relatively adv.相对地；相当地
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2023·浙江1月卷)Over 28 states have passed laws __________ (relate)to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use.
②(朗文当代)He later related the whole story _____ me.
③(牛津高阶)Its brain is small in relation _____ its body.
related
to
to
一句多译提能
④你应该把与这个问题有关的所有信息都写下来。
You should write down all the information _____________ the problem.(relate)
→You should write down all the information _________________ the problem.(relation)
related to
in relation to
佳句背诵
Chinese tea culture dates back to/dates from thousands of years ago and drinking tea gradually became a tradition.(传统文化)
中国茶文化可以追溯到几千年前，饮茶逐渐成为一种传统。
9.date back(to...)(＝date from)始于……；追溯到……(后接时间点)
归纳拓展
(1)date back(＝go back)追溯；上溯(后接时间段)
(2)out of date 过时的；陈旧的
up to date现代的；时髦的
fix a date约定日期
名师点津
date back(to)通常用一般现在时态；不用进行时，也不用被动语态；作定语或状语时，用dating。
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(柯林斯词典)This tradition dates _______ over 200 years.
写作运用提能
②我向你强烈推荐的旅游景点是始于公元前478年的孔庙。(推荐信)
The tourist attraction I strongly recommend to you is Confucius Temple ___________________________ 478 BC.(定语从句)
→The tourist attraction I strongly recommend to you is Confucius Temple _________________ 478 BC.(现在分词短语作定语)
back
that/which dates back to
dating back to
佳句背诵
(2022·全国甲卷)From my point of view, raising people's awareness of protecting oceans is of great importance/significance.
在我看来，提高人们保护海洋的意识是非常重要的。
10.That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
这种书写体系在凝聚中华民族和中华文化方面具有重要意义。
归纳拓展
“be of＋抽象名词”相当于“be＋形容词”，这一结构可以说明主语的性质。常见的抽象名词有importance, value, use, help, benefit, significance等，这些名词可用great, little, some, any, no, not, much等修饰，用以说明程度。
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国乙卷)Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is _____ great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
of
写作运用提能
②(2022·全国乙卷，书面表达)然而，他们错过了说话，这在学习一门语言时非常重要。
However, they miss speaking, _________________________________ in studying a language.
③(2022·全国乙卷，书面表达)根据上面的表格，12%的学生认为浏览英语学习网站对他们的英语学习非常有益。
Based on the above chart, 12% of the students suppose that visiting English learning websites ______________________ to their English studies.
which is of great importance/significance
is of great benefit
佳句背诵
However/No matter how busy I am, I will spare some time every day to help the exchange students with Chinese and tell them more about our customs and traditions.
无论我多么忙，每天我都会匀出一些时间帮助交换生学习汉语，并且告诉他们更多我们的习俗和传统。
11.Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can still communicate in writing.
即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
归纳拓展
(1)“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。
(2)whenever, wherever, however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when/where/how。
(3)whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句；在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2022·全国甲卷)Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter ________ you are in the world.
②(2022·浙江1月卷)I decided to stick to it no matter _______.
where
what
写作运用提能
③无论你何时需要帮助，我真诚地希望你能毫不犹豫地联系我。
________________________________________，I sincerely hope that you can get in touch with me without hesitation.
④任何人触犯法律都会受到惩罚。
_________________________ will be punished.
Whenever/No matter when you need help
Whoever breaks the law
关键能力 对点习得
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2023·山东省潍坊市期末)Climate change monitoring and early warning capability will reach an advanced level ___________(global) and the climate risk management and prevention system will ____________(basic) mature, according to the national climate change adaptation strategy 2035, jointly published by 17 departments including the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.
globally
basically
解析：考查词性转换。句意：根据生态环境部等17个部门联合印发的《国家气候变化适应战略2035》，气候变化监测预警能力达到全球先进水平，气候风险管理和预防体系基本成熟。两空都是形容词变副词，修饰动词。
2．(2022·全国乙卷)Can a small group of drones(无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save ___________(billion)of euros each year
解析：考查数词。句意：一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元呢？billions of“数十亿的”。
billions
3．(2022·全国甲卷)Goffin's cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native _____ Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.
解析：考查介词。句意：戈芬凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于澳大拉西亚的小鹦鹉，已经被证明具有与人类两岁孩子相似的形状识别能力。native to“原产于”。
to
4．(朗文当代)We agreed never to refer _____ the matter again.
解析：考查介词。句意：我们一致同意再也不提这件事了。refer to“提到”。
5．(2022·全国乙卷)The _________________(regular)they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved.
解析：考查固定句型。句意：检查越频繁，铁路的安全性、可靠性和准点率就会越高。the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……“越……就越……”。
to
more regularly
6．(剑桥高阶)We need to find some other ________(means) of transportation.
解析：考查名词。句意：我们需要找到一些其他的交通方式。means单复数同形。此处用的是复数。
means
7．Though ___________(major) in engineering, the lady made every effort to learn calligraphy which ______________ (regard) as an art form.
解析：考查省略和动词的时态、语态。句意：虽然主修工程，这位女士却努力学习被视为一种艺术形式的书法。第一空考查状语从句的省略。省略了句子主语the lady和be动词was, 故填majoring；第二空考查时态和语态，客观情况的介绍用一般现在时态；由句意可知，用被动语态。
majoring
is regarded
8．Written Chinese has also become an important means _____ which China's present is connected with its past.
解析：考查“介词＋关系代词”定语从句。句意：书面汉语也已成为中国现在与过去联系的重要手段。先行词是means, 常与介词by搭配。
9．There are ____________ (vary) of books in the bookstore for us to choose from, like history books, science books, ____________ (refer) books and so on.
解析：考查词性转换。句意：书店里有各种各样的书供我们选择，像历史书、科学书、参考书等等。
by
varieties
reference
10．(牛津高阶)He came to symbolize his country's struggle ______ independence.
解析：考查介词。句意：他逐渐成了他的国家争取独立斗争的象征。struggle for“为争取……斗争”。
for
Ⅱ.语境辨义练
1．写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①He wrote an article for People's Daily regarding how to build a harmonious society._______________
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.____________
③(全国Ⅰ卷)At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants. __________
prep.关于
vt.重视
n．底部
④(2022·全国乙卷)They simply insist on mutual(相互的) recognition and regard.__________
⑤(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error._________________
⑥(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.______________
n．尊重
adj.全面的；整体的
vi.理解，认识到
2．选出major的汉语意思
A.adj.重要的 B．n.主修课程 C．v.主修
①Calligraphy is regarded as a major part of Chinese culture since the Han Dynasty._____
②(全国Ⅰ卷)I love painting very much.I started learning painting at an early age and chose painting art and history as my major in college._____
③As far as I know, Mary is majoring in French at Stanford University._____
A
B
C
3．选出character的汉语意思
A.性格 B．特色；特征 C．人物；角色
D．符号；文字 　 E．品性；道德品质
①As we all know, Chinese characters are quite difficult to memorize._____
②Tom Cruise is a leading character in this film._____
③She has a cheerful but quiet character._____
④The city invested 6 billion yuan to preserve the character of the old town._____
⑤Sports can be good for character building._____
D
C
A
B
E
核心素养 双写培优
Ⅰ.应用文写作运用
(2022·天津卷，书面表达)——英语口语社招募新成员
1．利用本单元所学知识翻译句子
①我写信邀请你加入英语口语社有很多原因。(why定语从句)
________________________________________________________________________________
②正如你从短视频中看到的，英语口语社的成员通过参加各种各样的活动已经能说流利的英语了。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
There are varieties of reasons why I'm writing to invite you to join the Spoken English Club.　
As you can see from the short video, members of the Spoken English Club have become fluent in English by means of taking part in varieties of activities.　
③同样重要的是成员会定期聚集在一起在我们的外教的指导下参加英语角。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
④在我看来，最打动我的是：我们的外教要求我们欣赏一部英文电影并为之配音(dub)。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Equally important is that members will gather together on a regular basis to participate in the English Corner under the guidance/instruction of our foreign teachers.　
From my point of view, what strikes me most is that our foreign teachers demand that we (should) appreciate an English film and dub it.　
⑤英语口语社对它的成员非常有益。(be of＋抽象名词)
___________________________________________________
⑥无论谁对英语口语感兴趣都可以加入我们。(whoever)
___________________________________________________________________________________________
⑦越早加入英语口语社团，你就获益越多。(the＋比较级，the＋比较级)
__________________________________________________________________________________
The Spoken English Club is of great benefit to its members.
Whoever is interested in oral English, he/she can join us.或Whoever is interested in oral English can join us.　
The earlier you join our Spoken English Club, the more you will benefit from it.　
2．使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇
参考范文：
There are varieties of reasons why I'm writing to invite you to join the Spoken English Club.First, as you can see from the short video, members of the Spoken English Club have become fluent in English by means of taking part in varieties of activities.Equally important is that members will gather together on a regular basis to participate in the English Corner under the guidance/instruction of our foreign teachers.What's more, from my point of view, what strikes me most is that our foreign teachers demand that we (should) appreciate an English film and dub it.
All in all, the Spoken English Club is of great benefit to its members.Whoever is interested in oral English, he/she can join us./Whoever is interested in oral English can join us.The earlier you join our Spoken English Club, the more you will benefit from it.
Ⅱ.读后续写微写作
动作描写之“动动手”
素材积累
必备单词 1.carry提，拿　 　　 2.fetch拿来，取回
3.hold握着 4.catch接
5.hug/embrace 抱 6.wave/swing挥舞
7．throw/cast扔 8.hand递给
9.point 指，指向(at) 10.dip从……掏出，从……取出 11.dig挖，挖掘 12.drag/pull拖，拉，拽
13．push 推，挤 14.fold 包，裹，折叠
15.hit/beat 击，打 16．gesture做手势
17.knock 敲 18.clap/applaud/applause 鼓掌
必备单词 19.lift/raise 举 20.press 按，压
21.scratch擦 22.stroke轻抚，抚摸
b梳，梳理 24.groom擦洗
25.slap拍，打；掌掴 26.tap轻拍，轻叩，轻敲
27.touch碰，触摸 28.wipe擦，拭，抹
29.tear撕 30.cup(用手)做成杯状
31.spread 铺开，展开 32.open 打开
33.rub擦；揉搓 34.pat拍
35.reach out/for/into伸出/向/进
36.grasp/seize/grip/grab抓住，抓紧
高级词块 1.hold one's hand 抓住某人的手　　　　　　　　　　
2.shake hands with 与……握手
3.cup ...in one's hands 将……捧在手心
4.open one's hands 张开双手
5.hand in hand 手拉手
6.raise/put up one's hand 举手
7.hold out one's hand 伸出手
8.take one's hand 牵某人的手
高级词块 9.spread one's hands 摊开双手
10.rub one's hands 搓着手
11.wave one's arms 挥动双臂
12.fold one's arms 某人双臂交叉
13.catch/grab one's arm 抓住某人的胳膊
14.pull sb.into one's arms 拉某人进怀
15.gather sb.in one's arms 把某人抱在怀中
16.hold out/open one's arms 某人伸出/张开双臂
17.put/throw one's arms around sb.搂住某人
高级词块 18.keep sb.at arm's length 同某人保持一定距离
19.with crossed arms 双臂交叉
20.with open arms 双臂张开(欢迎)
21.arm in arm 臂挽臂
22.lift/hold a warning finger 伸出一根手指警告
23.lift/hold a finger to one's lips 伸出一根手指按在嘴上
24.wag one's finger 摇着手指
25.point an accusing finger at sb.指责某人，怪罪某人
26.drum one's fingers on sp.用手指咚咚地敲某处
素材运用
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)运用表格中的必备单词/高级词块，把下面的语篇补充完整。
As the twins looked around them in disappointment, their father appeared.He approached them and ________________________(把他们拉进怀里)．“What's up ？” father gently inquired.Jeff stammered out their failed plan, _______________________________(使劲搓着双手)．Hearing their plan, he __________________________(温柔地抚摸着他们的头), comforting “I will do you a favor”．He ___________(抓起) the handle of the pan and _______(放) a bar of butter to melt .Then he swiftly
1.pulled them into his arms
2.rubbing his hands together fiercely
3.stroked their heads gently
4.grabbed
5.put
___________(移除) the burnt porridge away, and __________(倒掉) another cup of rice, starting to cook it all over again.Soon came the delicious smell of French toast and chicken porridge.Before the twins carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up，they ___________________________(伸出一根手指按在嘴上) to ask their father to keep secret.Staring at the carefully prepared food, mother ____________________________(把孩子抱在怀里)，tears running down her face.
6.removed
7.poured
8.lifted/held a finger to their lips
9.gathered her kids into her arms
直击高考 · 精准落实
真题感悟
(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit(联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number.In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven.The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europe has only around 200 languages；the Americas about 1,000；Africa 2,400；and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200，of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000，which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡)，with only a few elderly speakers left.Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon(eight remaining speakers)，Chiapaneco in Mexico(150)，Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia(one, with a question-mark)：none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
1．What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times ____
A．They developed very fast.
B．They were large in number.
C．They had similar patterns.
D．They were closely connected.
解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers...they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.”可知，在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时代，人们使用的语言种类很多。故选B。
B
2．Which of the following best explains“dominant”underlined in Paragraph 2 ____
A．Complex. B．Advanced.
C．Powerful. D．Modern.
解析：词义猜测题。根据上文提到的“...all have caused many languages to disappear”和下文的“such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语正在逐渐取代一些语言。由此可猜测该词的意思是“占优势的”，所以选C项。故选C。
C
3．How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present ____
A．About 6,800. B．About 3,400.
C．About 2,400. D．About 1,200.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.”和最后一句中的“is a mere 6,000，which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that”可知，B项正确。故选B。
B
4．What is the main idea of the text ____
A．New languages will be created.
B．People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C．Human development results in fewer languages.
D．Geography determines language evolution.
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，在依靠狩猎和采集生活的时代，语种众多。但是随着工业化、贸易、全球化等的发展，许多语种消失了。由此可知，人类的发展导致了语种的减少，所以选C项。故选C。
C
理清脉络
语言能力
(一)高级词块
distribution n．分布
survival n．幸存
extinction n．灭绝，消亡
settled adj.稳定的
take over占上风
(二)长难句突破
The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.
分析：本句是一个含有表语从句的主从复合句。主句的主语是The general rule, is是系动词。其中that引导 _____从句；在表语从句中，while用作并列连词，表示 _________。
翻译：一般的规律是，温带的语言种类相对较少，且通常有许多人使用，而炎热、潮湿的区域则有很多种语言，通常有少量的人使用。
表语
前后对比