人教版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 4 Space Exploration课件(共108张PPT)

(共108张PPT)
UNIT 4　SPACE EXPLORATION
(主题语境：人与社会——地球与宇宙奥秘探索)
晨背短文 语境记词
Mankind has managed to create facilities and vehicles to carry astronauts into the universe.They launch rockets carrying satellites.Many intelligent people around the globe are determined to devote themselves to space exploration, even though fatal space disasters which killed astronauts on board make them disappointed.Besides, when living in space, the astronauts have to recycle dirty water so as to use it later.For lack of gravity，their muscles become weak.They have to tape everything up, otherwise they would float around.They also need to figure out a way to store sufficient food and oxygen.However, people's desire to explore space
never dies.China is the third country to send humans into space independently.This signals a giant leap forward for China.Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money on space exploration, which is a shallow view.Our planet's resources are limited，and as a result，we should find a new home to provide for the ever increasing population.In closing，we attach great importance to solving the mystery about space and will carry on with space exploration regularly.
必备知识 巧记活用
阅读词汇会认
1．procedure n. _________________
2．cm abbr.(centimetre or centimeter)________
3．rocket n. _______________
4．gravity n. ______________
5．frontier n．______________________
6．vehicle n. ________________
程序；步骤；手续
厘米
火箭；火箭弹
重力；引力
边境；国界；边远地区
交通工具；车辆
7．satellite n. ________________
8．orbit n. ___________________________________________ vt.& vi. ________________________________
9．giant adj. ________________ n. _____________________
10．agency n. _____________________________________
11．transmit vt.& vi. ______________
12．data n．[pl.] ______________
13．ongoing adj. ____________________________________
14．dock vi.& vt. _____________________________ n. __________
人造卫星；卫星
(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围
沿轨道运行；环绕……运行
巨大的；伟大的
巨人；巨兽；伟人
(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处
传输；发送
资料；数据
持续存在的；仍在进行的；不断发展的
(两架航天器)对接；(使)……进港
码头；船坞
15．solar adj. _____________________
16．solar system ___________
17．sufficient adj. ___________________
18．tissue n. _____________________________
19．facility n. _________________
20．fatal adj. _________________
21．high-end adj. ____________
22．pillow n. ___________
太阳的；太阳能的
太阳系
足够的；充足的
纸巾；(人、动植物细胞的)组织
设施；设备
致命的；灾难性的
高端的
枕头
重点词汇会写
1．____________ n．宇航员；太空人
2．_________ vt.& n．发射；发起；上市
3．_______ n．跳跃；剧增；剧变(leapt, leapt or leaped, leaped) vi.& vt.跳过；跃过
4．__________ n．人类
5．_________ vt.& vi.标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志
6．__________ vt.回收利用；再利用
astronaut
launch
leap
mankind
signal
recycle
7．_________ n．肌肉；实力；影响力
8．________ vi.浮动；漂流；漂浮 vt.使浮动；使漂流
9．____________ adv.否则；要不然
10．_________ prep.在更远处；超出
11．__________ adj.当前的；现在的 n．水流；电流；潮流
12．_______ n．肥皂
13．________ n．毛巾；抹布
14．_______ adj.热衷的；渴望的
muscle
float
otherwise
beyond
current
soap
towel
keen
15．__________ adj.肤浅的；浅的
16．__________ n．模式；图案；模范
17．__________ n．监视器；监测仪 vt.监视；监测；监控
18．_____________ n．智能手机
19．___________ n．资源；财力；物力
20．_________ n．氧；氧气
shallow
pattern
monitor
smartphone
resource
oxygen
拓展词汇会变
1．_________ adj.精神的；思想的→___________ adv.精神上地
2．___________ n．宇宙；天地万物→____________ adj.宇宙的；通用的
3．__________ adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的→_____________ n．智慧
4．_____________ adj.有决心的；意志坚定的→____________ vt.查明；确定；决定→________________ n．决心；果断
mental
mentally
universe
universal
intelligent
intelligence
determined
determine
determination
5．_______________ adj.失望的；沮丧的→_____________ vt.使失望→________________ adj.令人失望的→_________________ n．失望；沮丧
6．_________ n．渴望；欲望 vt.渴望；期望→__________ adj.渴望的，想要的
7．______________ adj.独立的；自立的→________________ adv.独立地；自立地→_______________ n．独立；自立→_________ vi.依靠
8．_______ vt.缺乏；没有 n．缺乏；短缺→__________ adj.缺乏的；不足的
disappointed
disappoint
disappointing
disappointment
desire
desired
independent
independently
independence
depend
lack
lacking
9．________ n．地球；世界；地球仪→_________ adj.全球的；全面的
10．________ vt.& vi.论证；争辩；争论→___________ n．争论；争吵；论点
11．___________ n．(对事物的)分析；分析结果→__________(＝analyse) v．分析
12．__________ adj.定期的；经常的；正常的→____________ adv.有规律地；经常；定期地→____________ adj.无规律的；不定期的
globe
global
argue
argument
analysis
analyze
regular
regularly
irregular
13．__________ adj.有限的→____________ adj.无限的→________ vt.& n．限制
14．__________ adj.结尾的；结束的 n．停业；关闭；倒闭→________ vt.关闭 adj.近的；亲密的→_________ adv.仔细地；严密地
15．__________ n．神秘事物；谜→_____________ adj.神秘的
16．_________ vt.系；绑；贴→___________ adj.附着的；依恋的→_____________ n．附件；附属品；依恋
limited
limitless
limit
closing
close
closely
mystery
mysterious
attach
attached
attachment
运用巩固提能
1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) ___________(analyse) of a language database also confirmed that there was a _________(globe) change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age...
2．(2022·全国乙卷)Young children across the ________(地球) enjoy playing games of hide and seek.
3．(牛津高阶)We are doing our best with the __________(有限的) ____________(资源)available.
Analysis
global
globe
limited
resources
4．(剑桥高阶)The company has new _____________(程序)for dealing with complaints.
5．(剑桥高阶)A spokesman for the dockyard said they hoped to _________(发射)the first submarine within two years.
6．(剑桥高阶)Flashing lights on a parked car usually _________(发信号)a warning(to other motorists)．
7．(朗文当代)Alex's real problem is that he ________(缺乏)confidence.
8．(剑桥高阶)The word‘thou’(＝ you)is no longer in __________ (现在的)use.
procedures
launch
signal
lacks
current
9．(柯林斯词典)The product looks and burns like a __________(正常的)cigarette.
10．(朗文当代)Attach a recent photograph _____ your application form.
11．Third, reusable garbage should ______________(回收利用) as much as possible.
12．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural ____________(资源) wisely.
13．Though __________(缺乏) money, his family lived an enjoyable life.
regular
to
be recycled
resources
lacking
14．He headed to the bar, _______________(示意) to the girl that she could take part in the campaign ___________(发起) by the company.
15．As we all know, Yang Liwei and Wang Yaping are famous ________ (宇航员) in China.
16．Yuan Longping made such a great contribution to __________(人类) that he was respected and admired by people all over the world.
17．Artificial _______________ has been used in phones, which makes them seem to be ______________.(intelligent)
signal(l)ing
launched
astronauts
mankind
intelligence
intelligent
18．When asked whether he was _____________ to be an astronaut, the boy just looked at me with ______________.(determine)
19．Though he was _______________ at the result of the examination, he tried to hide his _________________ in order not to discourage his son.(disappoint)
20．Since the country became ____________ in 1842，it has played an important role _______________.Gone are the days when it ___________ on others for everything.(depend)
determined
determination
disappointed
disappointment
independent
independently
depended
21．A person's life is ________ but knowledge is ____________.(limit)
22．An ___________ about whether people should carry on with space exploration took place at the conference and some people _________ that we should stop wasting time and money on it.(argue)
23．Unsatisfied with the results of the ___________，the researchers ___________ the data again.(analyze)
24．A _____________ illness confined him to bed for over a month and doctors couldn't solve the __________ of the illness.(mystery)
limited
limitless
argument
argued
analysis
analyzed
mysterious
mystery
25．He is healthy ___________ and physically.That is to say, he has _________ and physical health.(mental)
26．Many parents _________ great importance to getting a good education at this school ___________ to Peking University.(attach)
27．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Somehow, these ____________(argue)and reasoning resulted in a _________(globe)reduction in error.
mentally
mental
attach
attached
arguments
global
写准记牢
1．___________出错
2．______________例如
3．___________继续做，坚持干
4．___________在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上
5．____________________________抱着做某事的希望
6．_____________________为了；以便
go wrong
for example
carry on
on board
in the hope of doing sth.
so as to (do sth.)
7．_____________弄懂；弄清楚；弄明白
8．____________导致；造成
9．______________所以；结果(是)
10．__________________提供生活所需
11．__________________浪费时间
12．_____________最后
13．__________用完；耗尽
figure out
result in
as a result
provide for sb.
a waste of time
in closing
run out
语境运用
1．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)When you were trying to _____________ what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably didn't cross your mind.
2．(朗文当代)Sorry, I interrupted you...Please ___________.
3．(剑桥高阶)As soon as I was ___________，I began to have second thoughts about leaving.
4．(牛津高阶)I called _________________ finding her at home.
figure out
carry on
on board
in the hope of
5．(剑桥高阶)I always keep fruit in the fridge ___________ keep insects off it.
6．(朗文当代)Without work, how can I ______________ my children
7．(剑桥高阶)I thought I'd done this correctly. I just can't understand where I've _____________.
8．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won't ____________ a useful response.
so as to
provide for
gone wrong
result in
【词汇拓展记忆】
形容词后缀-less荟萃 “反义词”对比记忆 聚焦“v.＋out”短语
①limit→limitless无限的 ②aim→aimless无目标的 ③use→useless没用处的 ④care→careless 粗心的 ⑤end→endless无止境的 ⑥count→countless 数不清的 ①sharp→dull ②clean→dirty ③tough→easy ④shallow→deep ⑤wide→narrow ⑥positive→negative ①run out用完；耗尽(不及物)
②break out(战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然爆发
③cut out切断；删去； 停止
④give out耗尽(不及物)
⑤die out灭绝；消失
⑥look out小心
原句译背
1．make＋宾语＋宾补
These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed，but the desire to explore the universe never died.
___________________________________________________________________
这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是探索宇宙的欲望从未消失过。
2．otherwise引导的含蓄虚拟条件句
Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.
__________________________________________________________________________________
3．动名词作主语
Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
______________________________________________________
宇航员在太空工作时，不得不用胶带把所有的东西固定下来，否则所有的东西都会飘走。
首先，探索太空已经在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。
仿写运用
1．要使你的英国之行愉快且值得，你就必须留心观察。
You must keep your eyes open if you are going to __________________ __________________________________.
2．工人们没有被组织好，否则他们会用一半的时间完成任务的。
The workers were not better organized, otherwise they ___________ _______________ the task in half the time.
make your trip to
London enjoyable and worthwhile
would have
accomplished
3．(2022·全国乙卷)大多数同学认为听英语歌曲是提高英语成绩的好方法。
Most students believe that _________________________ is a good way to improve their English.
listening to English songs
核心考点 讲练提升
佳句背诵
Hearing this, he lowered his eyes, obviously disappointed.(情感描写)
听了这话，他垂下眼睛，显然很失望。
1.disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的
归纳拓展
(1)be disappointed at/with/by...对……失望
be disappointed to do sth.对做某事失望
be disappointed that...对……失望
disappoint vt.使失望/沮丧
disappointing adj.令人失望的
(2)disappointment n．失望，沮丧
to one's disappointment令某人失望的是
多维训练
单句语法填空
①Judging from her _____________ look, her boss was _____________ with her ________________ performance.So to her _________________，she didn't get promoted.(disappoint)
disappointed
disappointed
disappointing
disappointment
写作运用提能
②我对我父母收养了一个无家可归的男孩感到失望，好像他偷走了我父母的爱。我整天唉声叹气。意识到我对于他的到来很沮丧，他竭尽全力帮助我、照顾我，我的沮丧逐渐转换成我对他的感激。(读后续写之失望心理描写)
I ___________________ that my parents had adopted a homeless boy and it seemed as if he had stolen my parents' love.I sighed away my days.Sensing that I ________________________ his arrival, he did whatever he could to help me and care for me and __________________ gradually gave way to my gratitude to him.
was disappointed
was disappointed at/with/by
my disappointment
③他对未能获奖感到极度失望，把自己锁在房间里。(读后续写之心理描写)
______________________________________________________，he locked himself in the room.
Overcome with bitter disappointment at his failing to win a prize
④(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)令他们失望的是，第一次尝试时，他们没能做好母亲节的早餐。
To their disappointment, they failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt.
→________________________________________________ was that they failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt.(用what引导的主语从句改写)
→They failed to cook a Mother's Day breakfast at the first attempt, __________________________________________.(用定语从句改写)
What made them disappointed/What disappointed them
which made them disappointed/disappointed them
佳句背诵
Knowing you have a strong desire to learn Chinese well, I'd like to offer you some suggestions.(建议信)
得知你很想学好汉语，我想给你一些建议。
2.desire n．渴望；欲望；愿望 vt.渴望；期望
归纳拓展
(1)have a desire to do sth.渴望做某事
have a desire for sth.渴望得到某物
(2)desire to do sth.渴望做某事
desire sb.to do sth.渴望某人做某事
desire that...(should) do...渴望……
多维训练
单句语法填空
①The boy has a strong desire ______ a smartphone with a large internal memory to play games.
②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)If you desire _______________(challenge) yourself, there is nothing to do with others' thoughts.
for
to challenge
写作运用提能
③(2022·天津3月，书面表达)如果你渴望用英语无障碍地与外国人交流，我呼吁你立即加入我们的英语口语俱乐部。
→If ___________________________________________，I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire to do)
→If _____________________________________________________，I appeal to you to join our Spoken English Club right away.(desire that)
you desire to communicate with foreigners freely
you desire that you (should) communicate with foreigners freely
佳句背诵
I ran up to the car, took him by the arm and signal(l)ed him to follow me.(动作描写)
我跑向汽车，拉住他的胳膊，示意他跟我走。
3.signal v．标志着；标明；发信号 n．信号；标志；预示；信号灯
归纳拓展
(1)signal(to) sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事
signal(sb.) that示意(某人)……
(2)traffic signals交通信号灯
多维训练
单句语法填空
①The headteacher signaled to the monitor ____________(manage) the students strictly.
to manage
写作运用提能
②铃声响起，放学了，学生们站起来，抓起书包，像箭一样冲出教室。(读后续写之动作链描写)
The bell ___________________________，and all the students rose to their feet, seized their schoolbags and rushed out of the classroom like arrows.
signaled that school was over
③司机抱起受伤的男孩，把他放在车里，匆忙把他送到医院，忽视了一路上的交通信号。(读后续写之动作链描写)
The driver lifted up the injured boy, placed him in the car and rushed him to the hospital, _________________________________.
ignoring the traffic signals all the way
佳句背诵
Health problems are closely connected with bad eating habits and (a) lack of exercise.
健康问题与不好的饮食习惯和缺乏锻炼密切相关。
4.lack vt.缺乏；缺少；没有 n．缺乏；短缺
归纳拓展
(1)(a) lack of缺少……
for/through lack of因缺少……
(2)lacking adj.不足的；缺乏的
be lacking in在……方面缺乏
多维训练
单句语法填空
①For lack _____ sufficient oxygen, the astronaut could not carry on with his mission.
of
写作运用提能
②(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)尽管这对双胞胎缺乏烹饪经验，但他们通过上网寻求建议来弥补。
Though they ____________________________，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.
→____________________________________，the twins made up for it by turning to the Internet for some advice.(用省略句改写)
lacked cooking experience
Though lacking cooking experience
佳句背诵
(2022·浙江卷)He encouraged me and argued that I should work on the project alone.
他鼓励我并主张我应该独自完成该课题。
5.argue vt.& vi.争论；争辩；论证
归纳拓展
(1)argue with sb.about/over sth.因某事与某人争吵/争论
argue for/against(doing)sth.据理赞成/反对(做)某事
argue that...主张……，认为……
argue sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做/不做某事
(2)argument n．争论；争辩；争吵；论点
多维训练
单句语法填空
①The reason why he had an ___________(argue) with his wife was that their money was running out.
②He often argues _______ his son _____________ recycling water so as to cut down the water bill.
③They argued him _______ taking exercise on a regular basis.
argument
with
about/over
into
写作运用提能
④(2022·全国乙卷，书面表达)根据上面的表格，65%的学生赞成听英语歌曲而18%的学生主张他们可以通过读英语经典提高他们的英语水平。
Based on the above chart, 65% of the students ____________ enjoying English songs while ____________________________ they can have their English level improved by reading English classics.
argue for
18% of the students argue that
佳句背诵
(2022·浙江1月卷)Not only did the festival make us know more about diverse cultures, but it also resulted in mutual understanding and friendship.
这个节日不仅使我们更多地了解了不同的文化，也促进了彼此的理解和友谊。
6.result in导致；造成
归纳拓展
(1)result from由……造成；因……而产生
(2)as a result结果
as a result of由于……的结果
without result没有结果；白费
多维训练
单句语法填空
①(2020·江苏卷)As ____ result, they burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten first.
②(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Failure to provide enough chaperones(监护人) will result _____ an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.
③(2022·全国乙卷)Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result _____ manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures.
a
in
of
写作运用提能
④由于缺乏社交而产生的误解，如果处理不当，可能会导致严重的问题。(分词短语作定语)
→Misunderstandings _______________________________________，if not handled properly, may _____________________________.
→Misunderstandings _______________________________________，if not handled properly, may ___________________________.
resulting from lack of social communication
result in serious problems
arising from lack of social communication
lead to serious problems
佳句背诵
In the future, care for the environment will become very important as earth's natural resources are running out.
在未来，爱护环境将变得很重要，因为地球的自然资源濒临枯竭。
7.run out用完；耗尽(物作主语，无被动语态)
归纳拓展
run out of用光，用完(人作主语，有被动语态)
run across偶然遇到
run after追逐；追求
run into撞上；遇上，偶然遇到；碰上(困境、麻烦等)
名师点津
run out of 是及物动词短语，以人作主语，同use up；run out 是不及物动词短语，以物作主语，同give out；give out 是不及物动词短语，表物“用完”或人“筋疲力尽”。
多维训练
用run的相关短语填空
①The moment we __________________ a cute wild rabbit, we rode our horses and ____________ it without hesitation.
②(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)David's energy was ___________ but when he heard loud cheers from the other kids, he was plodding(步履艰难) his way towards the finish line, bathed in sweat.
ran across/into
ran after
running out
写作运用提能
③我已经失去了所有的耐心，我开始勃然大怒。
I had _______________________ and I began to explode with anger.(情绪描写)
run out of all my patience
佳句背诵
Handwriting is of such great importance that everyone should attach great importance to it.
书写至关重要，每个人都应重视。
8.attach v．系；绑；贴；把……固定；重视
归纳拓展
(1)attach...to...把……附在……上；把……绑在……上
attach importance/significance/value/weight/...to...认为……有重要性/意义/价值/分量等
(2)attached adj.附加的；依恋的，爱慕的
be attached to喜欢，依恋；附属于
(3)attachment n．附件；附属品；依恋
多维训练
单句语法填空
①Please find my application letter and resume in the ____________ (attach)．
②To be honest, a lot of people attach great importance to __________ (become)rich and famous.
attachment
becoming
写作运用提能
③她发现桌子上放着一个盒子，盒子上贴着一张卡片，上面写着“生日快乐”。
She found a box lying on the table _____________________________，saying “Happy birthday”．
④在学习语言的过程中，你再怎么强调阅读的重要性也不为过。(建议信)
___________________________________________ during the process of learning a language.
with a card attached to it
You can never attach too much importance to reading
佳句背诵
Thanks for your directions to the house, we wouldn't have found it otherwise.
谢谢你为我们指明去那所房子的路，否则我们是找不到的。
9.Astronauts have to use tape to stick everything down while working in space because everything would float off otherwise.
宇航员在太空工作时必须用胶带把所有的东西固定下来，否则所有的东西都会飘走。
归纳拓展
(1)otherwise用作连词时，有时表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子用虚拟语气。表示对过去的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用would/could have done；表示对现在的虚拟，其后句子的谓语动词用would/could do。
(2)otherwise还常用于句型“祈使句＋otherwise＋陈述句”。
多维训练
单句语法填空
①We didn't know you were in trouble at that time, otherwise we _____ _____________(give) you a hand.
②I have no money on me now.Otherwise, I _____________(lend)some to you.
③Hurry up, otherwise/or we ____________(miss) the last bus.
would
have given
would lend
will miss
写作运用提能
④(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)去年，它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807 500磅的食物，否则这些农产品会在田间腐烂。
Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished produce that ____________________ _______________.
otherwise would have
rotted in fields
佳句背诵
His failing in the exam again made him ashamed and he hung down his head in shame.
他考试又不及格使他很羞愧，他羞愧地低着头。
10.Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger.
首先，探索太空已经在与世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用。
归纳拓展
exploring space在句中作主语。doing作主语还有以下情况：
(1)it作形式主语：It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.做某事没用；It is a waste of time doing sth.做某事浪费时间
(2)动名词的复合结构：名词所有格/形容词性物主代词＋doing作主语。
多维训练
写作运用提能
①对学习有积极的态度是我尊敬你的原因。
______________________________ is the reason why I respect you.
②在我看来，玩电脑游戏是浪费时间。
In my opinion, _________________________________________.
Having a positive attitude to study
it is a waste of time playing computer games
③在森林中迷路使我的心提到了嗓子眼。但是我知道感到害怕是没用的，找到走出森林的路才是我现在必须做的事情。(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
_____________________ made my heart in my mouth.But I knew that ____________________________ and ____________________________ was what I must do right now.
Being lost in the forest
it was no use feeling frightened
finding my way out of the forest
关键能力 对点习得
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, ____________(result)in a more accurate estimate.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当足够多的这些误差被平均在一起时，它们就会相互抵消，从而得到更准确的估计。由句意可知，填动词-ing形式作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。
resulting
2．(2022·全国甲卷)It is high time we should attach great importance _____ protecting the ocean.
解析：考查固定短语。句意：现在是我们高度重视保护海洋的时候了。attach importance to “重视”。
3．(2022·全国乙卷)Because of their lack _____ self-discipline, they're more easily addicted to chatting online or playing games.
解析：考查固定短语。句意：由于缺少自律，他们更容易沉迷于网上聊天或玩游戏。lack of“缺少……”。
to
of
4．(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel ______ globe.
解析：考查固定短语。句意：像许多年轻人一样，杰西卡想要环游世界。the globe “地球，全球”。
5．(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Many beginning writers don't leave enough space to revise.As ____ result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks(大块)of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space.
解析：考查固定短语。句意：许多初学写作的人没有留下足够的修改空间。结果，这些作者从来没有养成把草稿上的大段(大块)划掉，然后在空白处修改的习惯。as a result“结果”。
the
a
6．(2022·浙江1月卷)Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted _____ a global reduction in error.
解析：考查动词短语。句意：不知怎么的，这些争论和推理导致了全球误差的减少。result in “导致；造成”。
7．_______________(blame) by my father made me so sad that I hid my face in my hands and cried.
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：被父亲责备使我很伤心，我用手捂着脸哭了。此处填动词-ing形式作主语；再由句意可知，用被动式。
in
Being blamed
8．It was wise of him to admit what he had done otherwise he _________________(get) into series of trouble.
解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：他承认自己的所作所为是明智的，否则他就会陷入一系列的麻烦。otherwise表示一种含蓄的虚拟条件，此时其后的句子用虚拟语气。
9．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Short writings missed as a result _____ an excused absence will be accepted.
解析：考查介词短语。句意：因请假缺席而错过的短文将被接受。as a result of“由于……的结果”。
would have got
of
10．(2022·浙江1月卷)We started to meet ____________(regular)to draw up our plans.
解析：考查词性转换。句意：我们开始定期开会拟定计划。填副词修饰动词。
regularly
Ⅱ.语境辨义练
1．写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思
①(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)She was displeased with absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather surprised that she became a “regular”．____________
②(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house，” says Kathryn Whitehead. _____________________________
③(2020·天津卷)Start a business using the help of your local library.If you want to have a business of your own, your local library can become a launch space for it.____________
n．常客
vt.提出，提请考虑(想法或计划)
n．启动
2．选出current的汉语意思
A.adj.现在的；当前的 B．adj.流通的
C．n.水流 D．n.潮流
①Fighting against the strong currents and cold wind, she screamed for help at the top of her lungs every three minutes or so._____
②The current money in China is Renminbi._____
③We should try our best to go with the current of the times._____
④Students are placed into classes based on their current language skills._____
C
B
D
A
核心素养 双写培优
Ⅰ.应用文写作运用(求助信——因父母不支持而失望)
1．利用本单元所学知识翻译句子
①我和父母之间存在一个问题，使我无法继续我的学习。(make＋it＋宾补＋不定式)
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
There exists a problem between my parents and me, making it impossible for me to carry on with my study.　
②决心解决它，我写信向你寻求帮助。(分词短语作状语)
____________________________________________
③我非常热衷于太空探索，我经常去图书馆，希望获得关于宇宙的足够知识。(so...that...)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Determined to settle it, I'm writing to seek your help.
I am so keen on space exploration that I regularly go to the library in the hope of gaining sufficient knowledge about the universe.　
④我的父母认为我的爱好会导致我学习成绩不好。
______________________________________________________________________
⑤让我失望的是他们总是和我争论我的爱好。(what引导主语从句)
______________________________________________________________________
My parents think my hobby will result in my poor academic performance.　
What makes me disappointed is that they always argue with me about my hobby.　
⑥他们警告我放弃。否则，他们决定不供养我。
_____________________________________________________________________________
⑦我深信你会说服我父母支持我的爱好。(宾语从句)
_______________________________________________________________________
They warn me to give it up.Otherwise，they are determined not to provide for me.　
I am greatly convinced that you can argue my parents into supporting my hobby.　
2．使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇
参考范文：
There exists a problem between my parents and me, making it impossible for me to carry on with my study.Determined to settle it, I'm writing to seek your help.
Actually, I am so keen on space exploration that I regularly go to the library in the hope of gaining sufficient knowledge about the universe.However, my parents think my hobby will result in my poor academic performance.Moreover, what makes me disappointed is that they always argue with me about my hobby.Even worse, they warn me to give it up.Otherwise, they are determined not to provide for me.
I am greatly convinced that you can argue my parents into supporting my hobby.
Ⅱ.读后续写微写作
情感描写之“宽慰”和“温暖”
素材积累
必备单词 形容词：warm, relaxed, relieved, comfortable, 副词：warmly, 名词：comfort, warmth, relief, 动词： comfort
高级词块 1.to one's relief 使某人宽慰的是
2．a mixture of warmth and relief 既温暖又宽慰
3．breathe a sigh of relief/gasp with relief 松了口气
4．feel a surge of relief 如释重负
素材运用
第一步　按要求完成下列句子。
1．看到一辆车靠近，爱丽丝松了一口气。
_____________________________________.(形容词)
2．当司机微笑着让她搭车时，她松了一口气。
When the driver with a smile offered a ride to her, ______________ _______. (介词短语)
Alice felt relieved to see a car approaching
she gasped with
relief
3．爱丽丝终于上车了，一种温暖和解脱交织的感觉涌上心头。
Alice finally got in/into the car, and __________________________ __________________.(名词作主语)
4．爱丽丝到了她办公室所在的大楼，如释重负地松了口气。
→Alice reached the tall building where her office was._____________ ____________.(简单句)
→_________________________________________________________________.(分词作状语)
a mixture of warmth and relief
flooded over her
She breathed a
sigh of relief
Reaching the tall building where her office was, Alice breathed a sigh
of relief
5．当她感谢陌生人的帮助时，感激的泪水从她的眼睛里涌出，但他只是暖暖地一笑。
_____________________________________ as she thanked the stranger for his help, but ________________________.(副词)
6．她在寒冷的天气里感到了温暖并且相信处处都有善良。
____________________________，and believed there was kindness in every corner.(形容词)
Tears of appreciation welled up in her eyes
he just smiled warmly
She felt warm in the cold day
第二步　将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵，注意使用合适的衔接过渡词汇。
参考范文：
Alice felt relieved to see a car approaching.When the driver with a smile offered a ride to her, she gasped with relief.Then Alice finally got in the car, and a mixture of warmth and relief flooded over her.Reaching the tall building where her office was, Alice breathed a sigh of relief.Tears of appreciation welled up in her eyes as she thanked the stranger for his help, but he just smiled warmly.She felt warm in the cold day, and believed there was kindness in every corner.
直击高考 · 精准落实
真题感悟
(2022·全国乙卷)
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved.Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead.Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future.They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously.Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot.With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
1．What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible？____
A．The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B．Drones' ability to work at high altitudes.
C．The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D．Drones' reliable performance in remote areas.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure”可知，无人机现在已经用来检测高压电力线路，它们可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路以及铁路基础设施的其他重要方面。故选A。
A
2．What does “maintenance” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to？____
A．Personnel safety.
B．Assistance from drones.
C．Inspection and repair.
D．Construction of infrastructure.
解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句可知，据计算，单是欧洲铁路一年就要在维护上面花费约200亿欧元，其中包括常常在夜里派遣维护员工去检查和修复铁路基础设施。由此可知，铁路“maintenance”包括检查和修复铁路基础设施。故选C。
C
3．What function is expected of the rail drones？____
A．To provide early warning.
B．To make trains run automatically.
C．To earn profits for the crews.
D．To accelerate transportation.
解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，因为能提前看到，无人机可以感知到任何问题，这样快速前进的列车就可以及时作出反应。由此可推知，期待铁路无人机具有的功能是提前发现问题，并给列车发出警告。故选A。
A
4．Which is the most suitable title for the text？____
A．What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B．How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C．What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D．How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本篇文章主要讲的是无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。故D项最适合做文章标题。故选D。
D
理清脉络
语言能力
(一)高级词块
1．guarantee v．确保，保证；担保
2．inspect v．检查，审视；检阅，视察
3．calculate v．计算，估计
4．detect v．查明，察觉；测出，检测，识别
5．autonomously adv.自动地
6．railway operator 铁路运营商
7．rail tracks 轨道；铁路线路
8．high-tension electrical lines 高压电线
9．switching points 切换点
10．higher-value services 高附加值服务
11．reliability n．可靠性；可信度
12．maintenance n．维护，保养；保持，维持
13．programme v．调好，设置(机器使之按某种方式运作)
14．co-pilot n．副驾驶；自动驾驶仪
(二)长难句突破
The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved.
分析：这是一个复合句，句中含有“________________________”句型结构，意为“越……越……”。
翻译：检查越定期，铁路的安全性、可靠性和准点率就越高。
the＋比较级，the＋比较级