人教版（2019）必修 第一册Unit 5 Languages around the world课件(共85张PPT)

(共85张PPT)
UNIT 5　LANGUAGES AROUND
THE WORLD
研考点 核心突破
目录索引
强基础 语基自测
1
2
测效果 课堂评价
3
研真题 链接高考
4
强基础 语基自测
默写查验
一、核心单词
1.__________ adj.出生地的;本地的;土著的　n.本地人
2.__________ n.态度;看法
3.__________ n.体系;制度;系统
4.__________ prep.即使;尽管
5.__________ n.因素;要素
6.__________ n.符号;象征
7.__________ n.方式;方法;途径
8.__________ adj.传统的;最优秀的;典型的 n.经典作品;名著
native
attitude
system
despite
factor
symbol
means
classic
9.__________ n.尊重;关注 vt. 把……视为;看待
10.__________ n.文字;符号;角色;品质;特点
11.__________ n.书法;书法艺术
12.__________ n.公共事务;事件;关系
13.__________ n.& vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗
14.__________ n.间隔;开口;差距
15.__________ n.词汇
regard
character
calligraphy
affair
struggle
gap
vocabulary
二、派生单词
1.__________ n.指称关系;参考→__________ vi.提到;参考;查阅　
vt.查询;叫……求助于
2.__________ adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的→__________ vt.以……为据点;以……为基础　n.底部;根据
→__________ n.基础→__________ adj.基础的
→__________ adv.基本上,大体上,总的来说
3.__________ n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化
→___________ v.变化;不同→__________ adj.各种各样的
reference
refer
based
base
basis
basic
basically
variety
vary
various
4.__________ adj.主要的;重要的;大的　n.主修课程;主修学生
vi.主修;专门研究→__________ n.大多数
5.__________ adj.全球的;全世界的→__________ n.地球;地球仪
6.__________ vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会　vi.增值→___________ n.感激;欣赏→_____________ adj.感激的
7.__________ n.要求;需求　vt.强烈要求;需要
vi.查问→__________ adj.要求高的
8.__________ n.描写(文字);形容→__________ vt.描述
major
majority
global
globe
appreciate
appreciation
appreciative
demand
demanding
description
describe
三、重点短语
1.______________________指的是;描述;提到;查阅
2.______________________浮沉;兴衰;荣辱
3.______________________追溯到
4.______________________观点;看法
5.______________________与……相关;涉及;谈到
6.______________________导致
7.______________________在……中发挥作用
8.______________________在……方面有困难
9.______________________习惯于(做)某事
10._____________________依靠,依赖
refer to
ups and downs
date back (to...)
point of view
relate to
lead to
play a role in
have trouble with
get used to (doing) sth
depend on
四、典型句式
1.be of+抽象名词
教材原句:That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
2.“no matter+疑问词”引导的状语从句
教材原句:Even today,no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak,they can all still communicate in writing.
3.“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”意为“越……,就越……”
教材原句:It was exercise for the brain;the more I learnt of a language,the more my brain would grow.
4.have trouble with sth/(in) doing sth(做)某事有困难
教材原句:I used to get high marks in English,but now I'm having a lot of trouble with my listening.
语境应用
Ⅰ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.As for students like us,we should have good __________(attitude) towards life even if the cruel reality ruins our dreams.
2.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷)_______________ (regard) as an instructive English broadcast program,“Talk and Talk” is set up to share efficient methods of learning English with us teenagers.
3.I __________________ (struggle) all afternoon to understand this article written in French.
attitudes
Regarded
have been struggling
4.All means ______________(try) to solve the problem but in vain.
5.There are mainly two different political parties playing an important part in the state __________(affair) in this country.
6.(2021全国甲卷)And the more we look,the more we will see that social __________(factor) like gender,race,and class do not determine the appearance of genius.
have been tried
affairs
factors
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.The __________book is worth buying,because you can __________to any material you need.(refer)
2.There are __________goods in the supermarket,and the prices ___________from cents to dollars.The __________attracts many customers.(vary)
3.It is assumed that __________warming and climate change could cause even more disasters on the 　　　　　in the future.(globe)
4.They 　　　　　　our helping them and this 　　　　　　seemed not to be enough.(appreciate)
reference
refer
various
vary
variety
global
globe
appreciated
appreciation
5.He __________the robbery in detail to the policeman and his __________was very valuable—the police caught the robber in a short time.(describe)
6.Because it was a __________task,the manager __________that we (should) work extra hours to meet customers' __________.(demand)
7.The __________of the students look forward to __________in English because English __________can find jobs easily.(major)
8.__________ speaking,theory is __________on practice,so you must make sure your plan can be carried out on a practical __________.(base)
described
description
demanding
demanded
demands
majority
majoring
majors
Basically
based
basis
Ⅲ.用左栏所给短语的正确形式填空
1.Despite the ____________________in his life,Mr Brown never stops learning new things.
2.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Your talk show can cover anything ____________________English,or what school life is like in your country.
3.(2022全国甲卷)It goes without saying that oceans ____________________the world.
4.According to the expert,the temple has a history ____________________the early Tang Dynasty.
5.From my ____________________, we should eat more vegetables and less fat and sugar.
ups and downs
related to
play a role in
dating back to
point of view
Ⅳ.微写作
1.(2021全国乙卷)在我看来,保持在线学习和我们生活之间的平衡非常重要。
From my point of view,striking a balance between online learning and our lives _______________________________.
2.无论你参观哪个旅游景点,你最好去吃各种当地小吃,体验当地的文化和风俗。(应用文之建议信)
_________________________________________,you'd better eat various local snacks and experience local cultures and customs.
is of great importance/significance
No matter which tourist attraction you visit
3.(外研必修一)我们对这种迷人的生物了解越多,它们在自然界中得以长久生存并保持其位置的可能性就越大。
_____________we know about this lovely creature,______________ the chance it will survive and keep its place in the natural world for a long time to come.
4.听说你在学习汉语方面有困难,我写信给你一些建议。(应用文之建议信)
Hearing that you________________________________________, I am writing to give you some advice.
The more
the greater
have trouble (in) learning Chinese
研考点 核心突破
核心词汇突破
对祈使句的强调
1.refer vi.提到;参考;查阅　vt.查询;叫……求助于→reference n.提及,涉及;参考;参考书目
[练会]单句语法填空
①If you meet with the characters you don't know,I strongly suggest that you (should) refer __________reference books or turn to others for help.(应用文之建议信)
②Do remember the speech should be given without __________(refer) to the notes.(应用文之通知)
to
referring
③(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Youth,referred to __________my best friend,accompanies me through my whole high school.(应用文之短文投稿)
④As the situation was unusual,he referred the matter __________the editor.
[写美]微写作·背诵
⑤(2021全国甲卷)我写信寻求您关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人的建议。
I am writing to ask for your advice _______________________________________________________________________________.
as
to
in/with reference to what kinds of traditional Chinese cultures appeal to foreigners most
归纳(1)refer to 指的是;描述;提到;查阅
refer...to...把……提交给……;让(人)参考……
refer to...as...把……称作……
(2) in/with reference to sb/sth 关于
点津refer的过去式、过去分词和现在分词都要先双写“r”,再加“-ed”或“-ing”。类似的词还有prefer。
佳句Referred to as Steel Roses,the Chinese woman soccer team players,have won our worship and respect recently.
被称为“铿锵玫瑰”的中国女足队员最近赢得了我们的崇拜和尊重。
2.base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础　n.底部;根据→basis n.基础→basic　adj.基本的;基础的→basically adv.基本上;大体上
[练会]单句语法填空
①After school we practise dancing __________a regular basis,which helps me connect with others and greatly enriches my campus life.(应用文之学校生活)
②On the __________(base) of what you show,I firmly believe that you can be qualified for the position.
③You'd better learn some __________(base) Chinese before you study for a degree in Chinese culture.
on
basis
basic
[写美]句式升级·背诵

④The novel was based on an interesting story and it was well worth reading.
→________________________________________,the novel was well worth reading.(过去分词短语作状语)
→The novel ________________________________________was well worth reading.(过去分词短语作定语)
很值得读
Based on an interesting story
based on an interesting story
归纳(1)base...on/upon.../be based on/upon...以……为基础/依据
(2) on the basis of...根据……;在……的基础上
on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期
佳句I am writing to inform you of some basic table manners.Based on traditional Chinese customs,you should let the elderly eat first.(应用文之告知信)
我写信告知你一些基本的餐桌礼仪。基于中国的传统风俗,你应该先让长者用餐。
3.date back (to...) 追溯到
[练会]单句语法填空
①__________(date) from 1933,the South Lake Park in Changchun is located in the southwestern part of the Changchun city.
②(2021北京卷)Would you mind if I suggested setting a date __________the outing next Sunday afternoon (应用文之道歉信)
③Chinese tea culture __________(date) back to thousands of years ago and drinking tea has gradually become a tradition.(应用文之短文投稿)
Dating
for
dates
[写美]一句多译·背诵
④我向你强烈推荐的旅游景点是始于公元前478年的孔庙。(应用文之推荐信)
→The tourist attraction I strongly recommend to you is the Confucian Temple ________________________________________.(定语从句)
→The tourist attraction I strongly recommend to you is the Confucian Temple ________________________________________.(动词-ing形式短语作定语)
which dates back to 478 BCE
dating back to 478 BCE
归纳(1)up to date 时髦的
out of date 过时的
to date 迄今;到目前为止
set a date for...确定……的日期
make a date with sb 与某人约会/预约
(2)go back to 追溯到……
点津(1)date back to和date from一般无进行时态和被动语态。
(2)date back to和date from作后置定语时,常用现在分词形式。
佳句Calligraphy is an art form dating back to the Han Dynasty.
书法是一种可以追溯到汉代的艺术形式。
4.major adj.主要的;重要的;大的　n.主修课程;主修学生　vi.主修;专门研究→majority n.大部分;大多数
[练会]单句语法填空
①Calligraphy has been regarded as __________major part of Chinese culture since the Han Dynasty.
②Those who have voted for me are __________the majority,so I am elected as chairman of the Student Association.
③Inspired by the beauty of Chinese characters,I will major __________calligraphy at university in the future.
④School is our second home where we spend the ____________ (major) of time living and learning.
a
in
in
majority
成功到达
[写美]微写作·背诵
⑤(2020新高考全国Ⅰ卷)有些人中途放弃了,但是大部分参赛者都成功跑到了终点。
Some people gave up halfway,but _______________________________
made it to the finishing line.
the majority of the participants
归纳(1)major in 主修……
(2)a/the majority of 大多数
in a/the majority 占大多数
点津the majority of后接复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;后接不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
佳句In fact,he encourages me to major in English in college,to be a bridge between China and the world.
事实上,他鼓励我在大学主修英语,成为中国与世界之间的桥梁。
提前
5.means n.方式;方法;途径
[练会]单句语法填空
①Every possible means ___________________(try),but none has worked.
　
②You'd better practice using chopsticks in advance,which is also __________means of showing your good table manners.(应用文之建议信)
③If you are eager to improve your Chinese,then __________all means make use of every chance to communicate with the locals.(应用文之建议信)
④Students build up their vocabularies __________means of reading more.
has been tried
a
by
by
[写美]一句多译·背诵
⑤没有Paul的好心帮忙,Mac绝不会赤手空拳把狼吓跑。
→Mac _________________________________________with bare hands without the help of kind-hearted Paul.
→__________________________________________ with bare hands without the help of kind-hearted Paul.(用倒装句改写)
ould by no means scare the wolf off/away
By no means could Mac scare the wolf off/away
归纳a means of (doing)sth (做)某事的方法、途径
by this means 用这种方法
by means of 用,依靠;通过
by all means 无论如何;当然可以(口语)
by no means 决不;无论如何都不(位于句首,句子要部分倒装)
点津means是单复数同形的名词,其谓语动词的数取决于means前的修饰语。
佳句From the experience I learnt that by no means is working hard equal to damaging one's health.(读后续写之主旨升华)
我从这次经历知道了努力工作绝不等同于损害健康。
6.appreciate vt.欣赏;重视;感激;领会　vi.增值→appreciation n.欣赏;感激
[练会]单句语法填空
①From my point of view,we should learn ____________________(appreciate) life and hold a positive attitude despite the ups and downs.
②I'm writing to express my ___________ (appreciate) for what you did for me during my stay in London.(应用文之感谢信)
③I appreciate _____________(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
④The award is given to her _____appreciation of her huge contribution to the film business.
to appreciate
appreciation
being given
in
[写美]一句多译·背诵
⑤如果您能尽早回复我,我将非常感激。
→______________________________________________________ at your earliest convenience.(grateful)
→______________________________________________________ at your earliest convenience.(appreciate)
I would be very grateful if you could reply to me
I would really appreciate it if you could reply to me
归纳(1)appreciate+n./pron./动词-ing 重视/感激……
I would appreciate it if...假如……,我将不胜感激。
appreciate+that/wh-从句 理解/意识到……
(2)convey/express one's appreciation 表达感激
in appreciation of 为了感谢……
点津当appreciate,hate,dislike,love,like,depend/rely on等词(短语)后接宾语从句时,一般先加it,再接宾语从句。
佳句I'd appreciate it if you could take the trouble to give me some advice.(应用文之求助信)
如果您能费心给我提些建议,我将不胜感激。
国内外
7.struggle n.& vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗
[练会]单句语法填空
①At present,China has to struggle ___________all kinds of difficulties from home and abroad.
②As far as I'm concerned,it is not hard for one to do a good deed,but it's __________struggle to do good deeds for a lifetime.(读后续写之主旨升华)
③From now on,you should prepare yourself for your future,struggle __________your dream and you will get the offer from Beijing Language and Culture University.(应用文之建议信)
against/with
a
for
[写美]句式升级·背诵
④Mary had struggled for months to find a job,and finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
→_________________________________________,Mary finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(分词作状语)
Having struggled for months to find a job
归纳(1)struggle for...为……而斗争
struggle with/against sb/sth 与某人/某事做斗争
struggle to do sth 努力做某事
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来
(2)it is a struggle (for sb) to do sth (对于某人而言)做某事真是难事
佳句Seeing Tom struggling out of his wheelchair,she struggled to hold back her tears.(读后续写之动作和神态描写)
看到汤姆挣扎着从轮椅上下来,她强忍住眼泪。
8.equal n.同等的人;相等物　adj.相同的;同样的　vt.比得上;敌得过→equality n.平等;相等→equally adv.相等地;同等地;公平地;同样地
[练会]单句语法填空
①I am convinced that I am equal to __________(be) a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition.(应用文之申请信)
②From my point of view,Michael Jordan is ____________equal in playing basketball.
③(2021全国乙卷)Learning to tell the difference between the true and the false is __________(equal) important.(应用文之发言稿)
being
without
equally
[写美]一句多译·背诵
④我可以作为一名志愿者带领参观者参观画廊,我确信我能胜任这项工作。
→I can serve as a volunteer to guide the visitors around the gallery and I am convinced that ____________________.
→I can serve as a volunteer to guide the visitors around the gallery and I hold the firm belief that I ______________________________.
I am equal to the job
am fit for/qualified for the job
归纳(1)be equal to sth/doing sth=be fit/qualified for sth 等于/胜任(做)某事
(2)equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物
(3)be without equal=have no equal 无与伦比
佳句Firstly,nobody can equal me in oral English.What's equally important is that I am good at communicating with others.So I hold the firm belief that I am equal to the job as a volunteer for the fair.(应用文之申请信)
首先,没人在英语口语方面比得过我。同样重要的是我擅长与其他人交流。因此,我坚信我胜任博览会志愿者的工作。
9.demand n.要求;需求　vt.强烈要求;需要　vi.查问→demanding adj.要求高的
[练会]单句语法填空
①As new members are __________demand in our basketball club,I'm writing to invite you to join it.(应用文之邀请信)
②My father came down and demanded _______(know) what had happened.
③Father demanded that the twins ____________(clean) up the kitchen when he helped make breakfast.
④During the economic crisis many employees were on strike,__________(demand) more wages.
in
to know　
(should) clean
demanding
[写美]微写作·背诵
⑤因为摘苹果需要爬树,农民们要求我们谨慎小心。
Because picking apples involved climbing trees,_______________________
_______________________________.
the farmers demanded that
we (should) be cautious and careful
归纳(1)demand to do sth 要求做某事
demand that...(should) do sth 要求……做某事(从句用虚拟语气)
(2) be in great demand 需求量很大
meet/satisfy one's demands 满足某人的需求
佳句I demanded to take a horse ride in the mountains.To meet/satisfy my demands,my uncle demanded that my father and I (should) keep to the track in case we could get lost.
我要求在山间骑马。为了满足我的需求,我叔叔要求我和父亲顺着这条道走,以防迷路。
10.relate vt.联系;讲述
[练会]单句语法填空
①This is quite important,because it is directly related 　　　　　your commitment.
②The position calls for __________(relate) experience in the field and good skills at using computers.
③Determining where we are in __________(relate) to our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.
to
related
relation
[写美]一句多译·背诵
④你应该把与这个问题有关的所有信息都写下来。
→You should write down all the information ___________the problem.(relate)
→You should write down all the information ____________________the problem.(relation)
related to
in relation to
归纳(1)relate sth to sb 向某人讲述某事
relate to与……相关;涉及;谈到
(2)related adj.相关的;有联系的
be related to...与……有关
(3)relation n.关系,联系
in relation to 关于
佳句I'm considering choosing English as my major in university and furthering my education related to English.
我考虑在大学选择英语作为我的专业,并继续接受与英语有关的教育。
★补遗缺　微点练全
Ⅰ.一词多义
character
A.性格　B.特色;特征　C.人物;角色
D.符号;文字　E.品性;道德品质
①As we all know,Chinese characters are quite difficult to memorize.　　
②Tom Cruise is a leading character in this film.　　
③(2023全国甲卷)Fan Zhongyan is such a role model that he always encourages me to be a man of noble character.(应用文之人物介绍)　　
D
C
A
④(2023全国乙卷)Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar,either farm fields or highways,sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes.　　
⑤Sports can be good for character -building.　　
B
E
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
1.address
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n._______________ What's your email address
n.______________ Mr Howard gave an address on economic strategies in Asia.
生义 v.　　　 Most people call me Bob.How do I address you
v.___________ He addressed the nation last week.
电子邮箱地址
演讲
称呼
发表演说
项目 意义 例句
生义 v.　　　 Please address all enquiries to this office.
v._____________________ _____________ So why did you open a letter that was addressed to me
v._____________________ The next meeting will address the problem of truancy.
v.　　　 He addressed me in low tunes.
提出
在(信封或包裹)上写上姓
名(或地址)
对付,应付;处理
交谈
2.present
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n.___________ They gave me theatre tickets as a present.
n.___________ The play is set in the present.
adj. _______________ There were no children present.
adj._____________________ I don't have her present address.
生义 n.___________ The verb in this sentence is in the present.
vt.___________ The winners were presented with medals.
礼物,赠品
现在,目前
出席的,在场的
现在的,目前的
现在时态
赠送,授予
项目 意义 例句
生义 vt.　　　 He presented the report to his colleagues at the meeting.
vt.　　　 The classroom presented a cheerful busy atmosphere to the visitors.
vt.__________________________ She presents the late-night news.
vt.___________ Later on I'd like to present you to the head teacher.
提交
展现
主持播出(电视或广播节目)
引见,介绍
重点句型透视
1.be of+抽象名词
[教材原句] That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
那种书法体系在凝聚中华民族和中华文化方面具有重要意义。
[练会]单句语法填空
①(2022全国甲卷)From my point of view,raising people's awareness of protecting oceans is of great __________(important).
②Generally speaking,the products __________high quality or famous brands are popular with people.
importance
of
[写美]一句多译·背诵
③(2022全国乙卷)学会自律对我们的英语学习大有益处。(应用文之短文投稿)
→Learning to discipline ourselves is ______________________________our English learning.
→Learning to discipline ourselves is ______________________________our English learning.
of great benefit to
very beneficial to
归纳(1)be of+抽象名词=be+该名词的同根形容词
be of great=be very
(2)of+size/colour/height/length/weight/age shape/quality等表人或物的属性的名词,在句中作表语或定语。
佳句The advice you gave us proved to be of great value,without which we couldn't have achieved our dreams.
事实证明,您给我们的建议很有价值,没有这些建议,我们就不可能实现我们的梦想。
2.no matter where...“无论在哪里”引导让步状语从句
[教材原句] Even today,no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak,they can all still communicate in writing.
即使在今天,无论住在哪里,也不论说何种方言,中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
[练会]单句语法填空
①__________ you need help,I sincerely hope that you can get in touch with me without hesitation.
Whenever
②(2022全国甲卷)Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter __________you are in the world.
③(译林选择性必修一)No matter __________bad my mood is,that perfect combination is always enough to lift my spirits.
④The gold medal will be awarded to __________wins first place in the bicycle race.
where
how
whoever
[写美]句式升级/微写作·背诵
⑤Every year,anyone who makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.
→Every year,__________________________________ will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(主语从句)
⑥无论我多么忙,每天我都会匀出一些时间帮助来自美国的交换生学习汉语,并且告诉他们更多我们的习俗和传统。
______________________________,I will spare some time every day to help the exchange students from the USA with Chinese and tell them more about our customs and traditions.
whoever makes the most beautiful kite
However/No matter how busy I am
归纳“no matter+疑问词”结构与“疑问词+-ever” 在用法上的异同:
(1)“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句,不能引导名词性从句。
(2)whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever 既可引导名词性从句,也可引导让步状语从句,在引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。
(3)whenever,wherever,however引导让步状语从句时,相当于no matter when/where/how,意为“无论何时/何地/如何”。
佳句Whatever/No matter what difficulties I come across,I will do whatever I can to overcome them.
无论我遇到什么困难,我都会尽我所能去克服它们。
测效果 课堂评价
Ⅰ.单句语法填空——分层级强化高频考点
A组　基础必练
1.He demanded _________(see) the manager in person in order to ask for a refund.
2.In our village stood a temple __________(date) back to the Tang Dynasty.
3.The article is based _______guesses about what might happen in the future.
4.Participants would draw pictures,　　　　　 means of which they expressed their ideas of a better campus.
5.I am caring about anything__________(relate) to math,because I'm interested in it very much.
to see
dating
on
by
related
B组　高考链接
6.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)No matter 　　　　　I buy them,though,one steamer basket is rarely enough,yet two seems greedy,and so I am always left wanting more next time.
7.(2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Yellowstone National Park offers a __________(vary) of ranger programs throughout the park,and throughout the year.
8.(2022全国乙卷)Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides 　　　　　(equal)contact(联系) and share with one another.
where
variety
equally
9.(2022全国甲卷)Goffin's cockatoos,a kind of small parrot native　
　　Australasia,have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.
10.(2022全国甲卷)This indicates that Goffin's cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of 　　　　　(refer) when moving objects in space,similar to two-year-old babies.
to
reference
Ⅱ.语篇填空——语境中应用单元要点
My love for Chinese can date back 1. _______ my childhood.2._______ the fact that there are various Chinese 3. __________ (character),I have been struggling 4.___________ (learn) it well.However,with confusing dialects,it was really 5. __________ struggle for me to understand what the natives of Chinese said.However,I 6. __________ no means give up and regard it 7.__________ a chance to improve my oral Chinese.Whenever I come across
to
Despite
characters
to learn
a
by
as
a new character,I always refer 8.__________ the dictionary.Gradually,I am equal to 9.__________(work) as a qualified interpreter. 10._________ my
point of view,though one may have trouble 11.________(learn) a foreign language,one needs to take a positive attitude 12. _____________ it.Besides,the harder one works,the better one will learn it.
learning
to/toward(s)
to
working
From
Ⅲ.话题微写作——场景中提升写作技能(黑体部分用本单元词汇表达)
续写微情景
第一步　单句写作
1.Mac正沿着山路骑行,这时他看到一只狼张着血盆大口追赶他。
Mac was pedalling along the mountain road when he saw a wolf chasing him,______________________________.
2.他的恐惧无以言表。(description)
His fear was____________________.
3.他乞求路过的司机帮助他,但是徒劳无果。(beg)
He _________________________him,but in vain.
opening its bloody mouth
beyond description
begged passing drivers to help
4.他毫不犹豫地从自行车上下来,抓住自行车,用尽全力把自行车扔向狼,尽力把狼吓走。
He got off his bike without hesitation,seized it and threw it at the wolf with all his strength,_____________________ the wolf away.(struggle)
5.他正要成为狼的盘中餐时,他的朋友加入了他。
He _________________________________________his friends joined him.
6.他向朋友们描述了这件恐怖的事情。(refer to)
He ___________________________his friends.
7.他仍然感到毛骨悚然。
He still felt ______________________________.
struggling to frighten
was about to become the food of the wolf when
referred the horrible thing to
as if his hair had stood on end
第二步　句式升级
8.用when连接句6和句7
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
第三步　连句成篇(注意使用恰当的衔接词)
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When he referred the horrible thing to his friends,he still felt as if his hair had stood on end.
Mac was pedalling along the mountain road when he saw a wolf chasing him,opening its bloody mouth.His fear was beyond description.He begged passing drivers to help him,but in vain.So he got off his bike without hesitation,seized it and threw it at the wolf with all his strength,struggling to frighten the wolf away.He was about to become the food of the wolf when his friends joined him.When he referred the horrible thing to his friends,he still felt as if his hair had stood on end.
研真题 链接高考
(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读D)——一项针对群体智慧效应的新研究
On March 7,1907,the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect.The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases,the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors,those errors aren't always the same.Some people will tend to overestimate,and some to underestimate.When enough of these errors are averaged together,they cancel each other out,resulting in a more accurate estimate.If people are similar and tend to make the same errors,then their errors won't cancel each other out.
In more technical terms,the wisdom of crowds requires that people's estimates be independent.If for whatever reasons,people's errors become correlated or dependent,the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist(转折) on this classic phenomenon.The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.For instance,the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students,the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time,but it wasn't the dominant response.Most frequently,the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.”Somehow,these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain,the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
一、理清脉络
二、真题再做
32.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about
A.The methods of estimation.
B.The underlying logic of the effect.
C.The causes of people's errors.
D.The design of Galton's experiment.
段落大意题。根据第二段中的“This effect capitalizes on the fact that...resulting in a more accurate estimate.”可知,当足够多的误差被平均在一起时,它们就会相互抵消,从而得到更准确的估计。由此可知,本段解释了“群体智慧”效应的基本逻辑。故选B项。
B
33.Navajas' study found that the average accuracy could increase even if 　　　.
A.the crowds were relatively small
B.there were occasional underestimates
C.individuals did not communicate
D.estimates were not fully independent
D
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The key finding of the study was that...than those from an equal number of independent individuals.”可知,Navajas的研究表明,即使在个体估计不是完全独立的情况下,其准确率的提高也是可以做到的。故选D项。
34.What did the follow-up study focus on
A.The size of the groups.
B.The dominant members.
C.The discussion process.
D.The individual estimates.
C
推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion.”可知,后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C项。
35.What is the author's attitude toward Navajas' studies
A.Unclear.　　　　B.Dismissive.
C.Doubtful. D.Approving.
D
观点态度题。根据文章最后一段内容可知,尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性,仍存在许多问题,但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此可推知,作者对Navajas的研究是赞成的。故选D项。
三、语言能力
1.掌握构词知识
词根 派生 词义 例句
　　　　　 independent __________ The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases,the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
　　　　　 response 　　　 This happened some of the time,but it wasn't the dominant response.
depend
独立的
respond
反应
2.牢记熟词生义
单词 词性及词义 例句
reason ___________ Most frequently,the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.”
global _____________________ Somehow,these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
v.思考,推理
adj.整体的,全面的
3.积累高频词块
(1)conduct an experiment 　　　　　
(2)capitalize on __________
(3)cancel out __________
(4)get a better sense of ____________
(5)go with __________
(6)reduction in _________________
做实验
充分利用
抵消,取消
更好地了解
同意,接受
……方面的减少
4.赏析续写佳句
When enough of these errors are averaged together,they cancel each other out,resulting in a more accurate estimate.
当足够多的这些误差被平均在一起时,它们就会相互抵消,____________
______________。
从而得到更
准确的估计
5.破解复杂句式
The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion,the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals.
分析:本句主干是主系表结构:The key finding of the study was that...;that引导的　　　　从句由一个主从复合句构成,其中when引导的__________　从句中又包含一个that引导的　　　　从句,修饰先行词_______________,主句“the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals”中的those 指代___________。
表语
时间状语
定语
smaller groups
the averages
译文:
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
这项研究的重要发现是,当大的群体被进一步分成更小的群体并允许讨论时,这些群体(估算)的平均值比同样数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。