牛津译林版（2019）必修第一册Unit 1 Back to school知识点课件(共110张PPT)
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(共110张PPT)
Unit 1 Back to school
研考点 核心突破
目录索引
强基础 语基自测
1
2
测效果 课堂评价
3
练续写 锤炼技能
4
研真题 链接高考
5
强基础 语基自测
默写查验
一、核心单词
1.__________ n.& vt.挑战;质疑
2.__________ adj.积极乐观的;良好的,正面的
3.__________ n.机会,时机
4.__________ vt.获得,得到
5.__________ n.努力,费力的事;试图
6.__________ n.态度,看法
7.__________ n.焦点,重点 vt.& vi.集中
8.__________ vt.提醒,使想起
9.__________ n.& vt.交换;交流;兑换
10.__________ n.主人;东道主;主持人 vt.主办;主持
challenge
positive
opportunity
acquire
effort
attitude
focus
remind
exchange
host
二、派生单词
1.__________ v.认为;思考→__________ n.思维,想法→__________ n.思想→__________ adj.深思的;体贴的→____________ adv.沉思地;体贴地
2. __________ n.,vt.& vi.进步,进展;前进,行进
→__________ adj.先进的;高级的→____________n.前进;提升
3.__________ vt.使惊奇→__________ adj.令人大为惊奇的
→__________ adj.惊奇的→__________ adv.惊奇地
→__________ n.惊异;惊愕
4.__________ n.信心,信任;把握→__________ adj.自信的
→__________ adv.自信地
think
thinking
thought
thoughtful
thoughtfully
advance
advanced
amaze
amazed
amazement
confidence
confidently
confident
amazingly
amazing
advancement
5. __________ vt.& vi.改进,改善→__________ adj.改良的
→__________adj.有启发的→_____________n.改进,改善
6.__________vi.& vt.回答;承担责任→__________n.响应;反应→___________adj.有责任的;可靠的→__________adv.负责地,可信赖地→_____________n.责任;义务
7.__________ vt.吸引,使喜爱;招引;引起 (反应)
→__________ adj.吸引人的→__________ adv.迷人地;有吸引力地→__________ n.吸引;吸引人的事物→_____________ n.吸引力;迷惑力
improve
improved
improving
improvement
respond
response
responsible
responsibly
responsibility
attract
attractive
attractively
attraction
attractiveness
三、重点短语
1._____________存在于,在于
2._____________能够处理
3._________________起作用,有影响
4.________________充分利用,尽情享受
5.________________利用
6._______________最后但同样重要的
7._______________盼望,期待
8._____________由于
9._____________坚持;固守,维持
10._____________随着时间流逝,久而久之
lie in
rise to
make a difference
make the most of
take advantage of
last but not least
look forward to
as a result of
stick to
over time
四、典型句式
1.can't wait to do sth迫不及待地要去做某事
教材原句:I can't wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like.
2.“表语+系动词+主语”倒装句式
教材原句:Of equal importance are good study habits,useful skills and a positive attitude.
3.find+宾语+宾语补足语
教材原句:In time you will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual.
语境应用
Ⅰ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your__________(effort) to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
2.Good coffee should be tasted with friends,and good ___________________ (opportunity) should be shared with friends.
3.The coach had criticized him for not__________(focus) on his soccer drills.
4.He's been around a long time and__________________(acquire) a number of skills.
efforts
opportunities
focusing
has acquired
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.___________ culture is the fruit of human's civilization and ___________. (advance)
2.If we do,they tell us,we will be able to meet new people with__________and deal with every situation____________and without embarrassment. (confident)
3.Secondly,community service should be___________by______________the quality of service staff.(improve)
Advanced
advancement
confidence
confidently
improved
improving
4.Since you are eighteen,you should be________________for what you have done. In my opinion, doing voluntary work will help you build up a sense of ______________.(response)
5.By being more__________,you're more likely to realize your __________ and act more__________.(attract)
6.He stood___________,not able to decide,when a bright___________struck him.(think)
7.To his__________,we were not__________at his___________achievements. (amaze)
responsible
responsibility
attractive
attraction
attractive
thinking
thought
amazement
amazed
amazing
Ⅲ.用左栏所给短语的正确形式填空
1.Severn showed that young people can____________________if they're brave enough to believe in themselves.
2.Don't worry too much and try to__________________what we have on offer here.
3.She__________________the children's absence to tidy their rooms.
4.I don't doubt that the plan is practical,but I doubt if he will__________ the plan until it's finished.
make a difference
make the most of
took advantage of
stick to
Ⅳ.微写作
1.我迫不及待地想看到它们,我想知道我拍的照片是否像我想的那么好。
I_______________________.I'm wondering if the shots I took are as good as I thought.
2.在大厅中央站着一个高个子的年轻人。
________________________________ a tall young man.
3.当他醒来时,他发现自己被锁在房间里。
When he came to himself,he__________________________in the room.
can't wait to see them
In the middle of the hall was standing
found himself locked
研考点 核心突破
核心词汇突破
1.potential n.潜力;可能性 adj.潜在的,可能的→potentially adv.可能地,潜在地
[练会]单句语法填空
①In my opinion,this is a____________(potential) dangerous situation.
②Considering that he has the potential___________ (do) the work well,the boss hired him.
③People who do not smoke have less potential__________suffering from lung cancer than those who smoke.
potentially
to do
for
[写美]微写作·背诵
④他的父亲热切地希望他能够充分发挥出自身的全部潜力。(读后续写之人物心理描写)
His father was very keen that he should_____________________________.
achieve/reach his full potential
归纳(1)the potential for (doing) sth (做)某事的潜力,可能性
(2)have the potential to do sth 有做某事的可能
(3)achieve/reach one's potential 发挥某人的潜能
佳句As experts predicted,there is great potential for future development in this field.(议论文写作之观点表达)
正如专家们预测的那样,这一领域未来有很大的发展潜力。
2.effort n.努力,费力的事;试图
[练会]单句语法填空
①Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort__________ (pave) the way for their success.
②The little boat rolled down the river_________effort with the wind behind it.
③Let's start now and make an effort_________(do) a little bit every minute. (应用文写作之倡议书)
to pave
without
to do
[写美]微写作·背诵
④是简坚持不懈的努力和坚定的信念为她实现梦想铺平了道路。(读后续写之主旨升华)
It was Jane's persistent_________________________that paved the way for realizing her dream.
efforts and strong faith
归纳(1)make efforts/an effort/every effort to do sth 尽一切努力做某事
(2)spare no effort (to do sth) 不遗余力(做某事)
(3)with effort 不容易地,费力地
(4)without effort 容易地,不费力地
佳句She took a deep breath and sat up slowly with great effort.(读后续写之动作描写)
她深吸了一口气,费力地慢慢坐了起来。
3.advance n.进步,进展;前进,行进 vt.& vi.发展,进步→advanced adj.先进的;高级的→advancement n.前进;提升
[练会]单句语法填空
①While humans make advances_____some areas,they are always threatening the existence of natural resources.
②Anyone who wants to take the__________(advance) literature course must sign up for it in advance.(应用文写作之告知信)
[写美]微写作·背诵
③并且无论发生什么,都是朋友们鼓舞人心的话语鼓励我们朝着目标前进。(读后续写之主旨升华)
And whatever happens,it is the inspiring words from friends that encourage us to_________________________.
in
advanced
advance towards our goal
归纳(1)advance on/upon/towards 朝……前进
(2)in advance 预先;提前(指事先)
(3)make advances in 在……方面取得进步
佳句I'd appreciate it if you let me know whether you are available or not in advance.(应用文写作之邀请信)
如果你提前告知我你是否有空,我将感激不尽。
advance不与forward连用
4.amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的,令人惊喜的→amaze vt.使惊奇→amazed adj.惊奇的→amazingly adv.惊奇地→amazement n.惊异;惊愕
[练会]单句语法填空
①One was that I was__________(amaze) at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.
②To my____________(amaze),a brand-new stadium has been put up in our school.
amazed
amazement
[写美]句式升级·背诵
③A brand-new stadium has been put up in our school,___________________.
(用非限制性定语从句升级句②)
④_________________________ a brand-new stadium has been put up in our school.(用it作形式主语升级句②)
⑤_________________________ a brand-new stadium has been put up in our school.(用what引导的主语从句升级句②)
which amazes me
It amazes me that
What amazes me is that
归纳(1)be amazed at/by... 对……感到惊讶
(2)be amazed to do sth 因做某事而感到惊讶
(3)to one's amazement 让某人惊讶的是
(4)in amazement 惊奇地
佳句Amazed and embarrassed,she feels as if all the air were to disappear and people around the world were watching her.(读后续写之心理描写)
她既惊讶又尴尬,感觉所有的空气都要消失了,全世界的人似乎都在看着她。
5.confidence n.信心,信任;把握→confident adj.自信的;有把握的→confidently adv.自信地
[练会]单句语法填空
①Work hard,and I'm confident__________you will succeed in the end.(应用文写作之建议信)
②Whatever difficulties we are faced with,we always have ______________ (confident) in ourselves.
that
confidence
[写美]微写作·背诵
③那时,我下了一个坚定的决心:我要更加努力,更加自信,这样我就不会在高中的时候再次陷入这样的困境和恐慌。(读后续写之主旨升华)
At that point,I made a firm resolution:________________________________
___________________,so that I wouldn't get stuck and panic like this again in high school.
I'd be more hard-working
and more confident
归纳(1)be confident about/of (doing) sth 对(做)某事有信心
(2)be confident that... 对……有信心
(3)have/show confidence in sb 对某人有信心
佳句Breathing deeply,I calmed down and walked onto the stage with confidence. (读后续写之动作描写)
我深呼吸,平静下来,满怀信心地走上舞台。
深呼吸
6.make a difference 起作用,有影响
[练会]单句语法填空
①What you have said will make no difference__________the naughty boy.
②The twins are so alike;It's difficult to tell the difference__________them.
③My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of______difference with the plans I had in mind.
to
between
a
[写美]词汇升级·背诵
④I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.I hope my behaviors will work.(读后续写之行为描写)
→I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.I hope my behaviors will________________________.(升级加黑词汇)
make a difference
归纳(1)make a difference to对……有作用/影响
(2)make some/no/little difference (to...) (对……)有些/没有/几乎没有作用/影响
(3)tell the difference (between...and...) 辨别/区分(……与……)
佳句(2022浙江6月卷)It also made me realize that our small act of kindness can make them feel warm and make a great difference to them.(读后续写之主旨升华)
这也让我意识到,我们小小的善举就可以让他们感到温暖,对他们产生很大的影响。
7.make the most of 充分利用,尽情享受
[练会]单句语法填空
①Mary knows how to make___________most of her talents.
②We must make full use of every minute__________(go) over our lessons for the final examination is coming.(应用文写作之建议信)
[写美]句式升级·背诵
③Every minute________________________________________for the final examination is coming.(将句②升级为被动语态)
the
to go
must be made of full use to go over our lessons
归纳(1)make the best of 充分利用
(2)make full/good use of 充分利用
(3)at most 至多;不超过
佳句You should make the best of this opportunity to communicate with others. (应用文写作之建议信)
你应该充分利用这个机会与他人交流。
8.take advantage of 利用
[练会]单句语法填空
①They took advantage__________the fine weather to play tennis with their friends.
②She had__________advantage of a good education compared with senior high school students.
③But being smart online learners has its_______________(advantage) and disadvantages.(应用文写作之发言稿)
of
the
advantages
[写美]词汇升级·背诵
④I would like to make use of this chance to express my thanks for your help. (应用文写作之感谢信)
→I would like to_____________________this chance to convey my gratitude for your help.
take advantage of
归纳(1)advantages and disadvantages 利与弊
(2)have the advantage of 有……的优势
(3)make use of 利用
(4)to one's advantage 对某人有利
佳句Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.(应用文写作之建议信)
父母应该积极鼓励他们的孩子利用这个机会参加运动队。
9.equal adj.相等的;平等的;相当的 n.同等的人(物) linking v.与……相等 vt.比得上→equality n.平等;相等→equally adv.相等地;公平地
[练会]单句语法填空
①The government should ensure____________(equal) of opportunity for all children.
②From my point of view,Michael Jordan is______________equal in playing basketball.
③Learning to tell the difference between the true and the false is__________ (equal) important.
equality
without
equally
[写美]微写作·背诵
④从那天起,没有人编造关于Landy的傻话了,并且Catherine也明白了,每个人都应该被平等对待,不管他或她有多特别。(读后续写之主旨升华)
From that day on,no one made up silly chants about Landy,and Catherine also learned that everyone_________________________________no matter how special he or she is.
should be treated equally
归纳(1)be equal to sth/doing sth 等于/胜任(做)某事
(2)equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物
(3)be without equal=have no equal 无与伦比
佳句Equally important is that I am good at communicating with others.So I hold the firm belief that I am equal to the job as a volunteer for the fair.(应用文写作之申请信)
同样重要的是,我擅长与其他人交流。因此,我坚信我胜任博览会志愿者的工作。
10.balance vt.同等重视;(使)保持平衡;权衡重要性 n.均衡,平衡;平衡能力→balanced adv.平衡的;均衡的→unbalanced adj.不平衡的;错乱的
[练会]单句语法填空
①You must balance the advantages____________the disadvantages before making the final decision.
②It would be a good idea if you could keep a___________(balance) diet to keep physically healthy.(应用文写作之建议信)
③__________good sense of balance is always useful when you are sailing.
against
balanced
A
[写美]微写作·背诵
④(2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷)首先,给学生随机配对可能会导致小组内的语言能力不平衡。(应用文写作之建议信)
To begin with,randomly pairing up students may lead to_________________
______________________within the groups.
unbalanced
language abilities
归纳(1)keep/lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡
(2)keep a balance between...and... 保持……与……的平衡
(3)balance A against B 权衡/斟酌/比较A和B
(4)a sense of balance 平衡感
佳句I stepped on a banana skin,lost my balance and fell flat on the ground,passers-by screaming with astonishment.(读后续写之动作链描写)
我踩到香蕉皮,失去平衡,趴在地上,路人惊叫起来。
11.responsible adj.有责任,负责;可靠的→responsibility n.责任;义务→responsibly adv.负责地,可信赖地
[练会]单句语法填空
①If you feel stressed by_________________(responsible) at work,you should take a step back and identify those of greater and less importance.
②We'll be responsible__________your safety and without doubt you should take responsibility for your actions.
responsibilities
for
[写美]微写作·背诵
③最后但同等重要的是,充分利用水资源是每个人的责任,比如在我们的日常生活中循环利用水和节约用水。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
Last but not least,_________________________________________________, such as recycling and saving water in our daily life.
it is everyone's responsibility to make good use of water
归纳(1)be responsible for...对……负责
(2)have/take responsibility for 对……有责任
(3)it's one's responsibility to do sth 做某事是某人的责任
(4)a sense of responsibility 责任感
佳句He came to realize that he should take responsibility for the family because he was an adult.(读后续写之主旨升华)
他逐渐意识到他应该对家庭负责,因为他已经是个成年人了。
12.look forward to 盼望,期待
[练会]单句语法填空
①Everyone looks forward__________progress,whether in their personal life or in society.
②I'd like to express my warm welcome to you and your performance. Meanwhile, I am looking forward to_____________(hear) from you as soon as possible.(应用文写作之邀请信)
③Time ran out before we could get down to___________(solve) the problem.
to
hearing
solving
[写美]微写作·背诵
④我迫不及待地想让他离开。我期待着一个人度过一个完整的星期六。(读后续写之心理描写)
I couldn't wait for him to leave.I__________________________________ by myself.
looked forward to a whole Saturday
归纳由介词to构成的后加动词-ing形式/名词/代词的常见短语有:
be addicted to 沉溺于
be used/accustomed to 习惯于
get down to 着手做
pay attention to 注意
turn to 致力于;求助于;转向
点津(1)look forward to中,to为介词,其后要接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语;
(2)look forward to作为定语从句的一部分时,考查的常是主句的谓语动词,而非look forward to的宾语。
13.focus n.焦点,重点 vt.& vi.集中
[练会]单句语法填空
①The lecture will focus___________the history and development of Chinese characters.(应用文写作之通知)
②It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus_____ families,shouldering the hope of their parents.
[写美]微写作·背诵
③她以认真的态度继续带领我们学习社会学科。我不再捉弄别人,更专注于我的学业。(读后续写之情节描写)
She continued to lead us in our social studies with her serious attitude.I didn't prank others any longer and was________________________.
on
of
more focused on my studies
归纳(1)focus(...) on...集中(……)于……
(2)focus one's attention/eyes/energy on...集中注意力/目光/精力于……
(3)the focus of attention/concern/interest注意力/关注/兴趣的焦点
佳句Nervous as she was,she tried to stay calm and focused.(读后续写之人物心理描写)
尽管她很紧张,但她试图让自己镇定并集中注意力。
倒装结构
14.base vt.以……为基础(依据) n.根据;基础;基底;总部,大本营→basis n.基础→basic adj.基本的;基础的→basically adv.基本上;大体上
[练会]单句语法填空/补全句子
①On the__________(base) of what you show,I firmly believe that you can be qualified for the position.
②The film_________________________(以一个真实的故事为基础) and it turned out to be a huge hit.
basis
was based on a true story
[写美]句式升级(按要求升级句②)·背诵
③______________________________________ turned out to be a huge hit. (定语从句)
④_______________________,the film turned out to be a huge hit.(过去分词短语作状语)
The film which/that was based on a true story
Based on a true story
归纳(1)base...on/upon...=be based on/upon...以……为基础/依据
(2)on the basis of...根据……;在……的基础上
佳句Based on traditional Chinese customs,you should let the elderly eat first.(应用文写作之告知信)
基于中国的传统风俗,你应该先让长者用餐。
15.remind vt.提醒,使想起→reminder n.引起回忆的事物
[练会]单句语法填空
①I spotted a boy playing by the river when I passed by,so I reminded him _____________(keep) away from the river.
②This precious gift served as a constant__________(remind) of learning to use my tool right.
[写美]微写作·背诵
③我站起来时提醒自己要呼吸,汗水顺着脖子后面流下来。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)
I___________________________as I stood up,with sweat streaming down the back of my neck.
to keep
reminder
reminded myself to breathe
归纳(1)remind sb of (doing) sth 提醒某人(做)某事
(2)remind sb that... 使某人想起……
(3)remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
点津常见“ v.+sb+of sth”的短语
inform sb of sth 通知某人某事
rob sb of sth 抢劫某人某物
warn sb of sth 警告某人某事
16.exchange n.& vt.交换;交流;兑换
[练会]单句语法填空
①What's more,besides getting reading materials,writers can help out in the bookstore______exchange for staying there for free.
②I am going to travel abroad,so I need to exchange some RMB _____ dollars in the bank.
[写美]微写作·背诵
③桌边的那个人抬起头来,微笑着和我交换了一下眼神。(读后续写之神态描写)
The man at the table looked up,smiled and__________________________.
in
for
exchanged glances with me
归纳(1)in exchange for... 作为对……的交换
(2)exchange...for... 以……换取……
(3)exchange sth with sb 和某人交换某物
佳句We exchanged a smile,and as we drove away,my younger daughter Scarlett began to cry.(读后续写之动作描写)
我们交换了一个微笑,当我们开车离开时,我的小女儿Scarlett哭了起来。
★ 补遗缺 微点练全
Ⅰ.一词多义
1.character
A.品质,性格 B.特点 C.人物,角色 D.文字
①Nowadays many foreigners love to study Chinese characters in China. ____
②(2022浙江1月卷)To frame his story,Klein creates the character of Ned,a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. ____
D
C
③One of the joys of being a parent is watching the child's character develop. ____
④(2023全国乙卷)Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar,either farm fields or highways,sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. ____
A
B
2.junior
A.adj.(学校)为11或13岁以下儿童设立的;地位(或级别)低的;青少年的
B.n.职位较低者;青少年运动员
①When I was in junior middle school,I had great difficulty in learning maths. ____
②He was the most junior and most recent arrival in the company. ____
③The girl you talked about just now is junior to me. ____
④I loved horses as a child and was a junior show jumper. ____
A
B
A
B
3.tip
A.n.指点,实用的提示 B.n.尖端 C.v.给小费
①The sleeves covered his hands to the tips of his fingers. ____
②It is usual to tip waiters,porters,guides and drivers. ____
③The following four tips will make high school graduates better prepared for college life. ____
B
C
A
4.tough
A.艰难的 B.严厉的 C.坚强的 D.坚固的
①This tube is flexible but tough. ____
②A man should be wild,brave,tough and responsible. ____
③She is a tough mother to her only son. ____
④(2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Turning soil,pulling weeds,and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. ____
D
C
B
A
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
1.challen
项目 意义 例句
熟义 vt.__________ (2022新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Well,I may be old,but I'm not hopelessly challenged,digitally speaking.
n. __________ (2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷)I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
生义 vt.__________ I did not think he was right,so I challenged him.
挑战
挑战
质疑
2.goal
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n. __________ This,in turn,gives us new goals of health and fitness.
生义 n.________________ The game is won by the team that scores the greater number of goals.
目标
进球得分
3.option
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n._____________________ (2023全国甲卷)It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options.
生义 n.__________ Several options are offered for the student's senior year.
可选择的事物,选择
选修课
4.attract
项目 意义 例句
熟义 vt.____________ (2022浙江6月卷)This variety,coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times faster than standard forests,means they attract a rich abundance of wildlife.
生义 vt.____________ They were attracted to each other from the first.
vt.____________ To avoid attracting unwelcome attention,he kept his voice down.
吸引
使喜爱
引起(反应)
重点句型透视
1.can't wait to do sth 迫不及待地要去做某事
[教材原句] I can't wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like.
我迫不及待地要向你们描述一下高中生活是什么样子的。
[练会]单句语法填空
①I was so excited that I couldn't wait__________(try) my hand at riding the bicycle.
②The first time Bill arrived in Gulangyu,he couldn't help __________ (say), “This is the most beautiful place I have been to.”
③Stuck in a difficult problem,I couldn't help but___________ (turn) to my teacher for help.
to try
saying
turn
[写美]微写作·背诵
④当吉姆被告知他可以和他的父亲一起去中国旅行时,他迫不及待地收拾行李。(读后续写之情节描写)
When Jim was told that he could go on a journey to China with his father,he
__________________________________.
couldn't/could hardly wait to pack up
归纳(1)can hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待地要做某事
(2)can't help doing sth 情不自禁做某事
(3)can't help but do sth 不得不做某事
点津表示“渴望/迫切做某事”的其他表达方式
be eager to do sth
be dying to do sth
long to do sth
desire to do sth
be anxious to do sth
2.“表语+系动词+主语”倒装句式
[教材原句] Of equal importance are good study habits,useful skills and a positive attitude.
同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能和积极的态度。
[练会]单句语法填空
①Here__________(come) a good chance that you can use your summer vacation to go on study tours.
②In front of our house_____________(stand) a tall tree with a history of over 1,000 years.
comes
stands
③Present at this year's music festival__________(be) the school headmaster, teachers,students and some of the students' parents.
[写美]句型转换·背诵
④The days are gone when women were looked down upon.
→Gone______________when women were looked down upon.(改为倒装句)
were
are the days
归纳当表语是分词、副词、形容词、介词短语,主语比较长且主语是名词时,为了保持平衡或强调表语,常把表语放在句首,引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为:分词/副词/形容词/介词短语+be+主语。
点津表示地点的介词短语位于句首,句子用完全倒装。副词here, there, now, then等放在句首,而主语是名词,且谓语动词是 be,lie,sit,stand,come等不及物动词时,句子用完全倒装。there be句型也属于一种完全倒装句。
3.find+宾语+宾语补足语
[教材原句] In time you will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual.
最后,你们会发现自己逐渐全面成长。
[练会]单句语法填空
①In the dream,Peter found himself___________(follow) by a dog.
②Just a few days after the signs went up,he found people__________(sit) there and engaging in active and joyful conversations.
分清宾语与宾语补足语之间的逻辑关系是解题的关键
followed
sitting
③I found it_______________(benefit) to my health to stay in the countryside.
[写美]微写作·背诵
④听说你发现很难适应在中国的生活和学习,我很遗憾。(应用文写作之建议信)
I'm sorry to hear that you__________________________living and studying in China.
beneficial
find it hard to adjust to
归纳(1)“find+复合宾语”结构如下:
(2)find+it+形容词/名词+to do (it是形式宾语,to do是真正的宾语)
佳句They found the dog barking loudly at them all the time.(读后续写之情节描写)
他们发现狗一直对着他们大声吠叫。
测效果 课堂评价
Ⅰ.单句语法填空——分层级强化高频考点
A组 基础必练
1.I looked back and found Jennifer___________(stand) behind me.
2.I believe in making the most__________life and I've decided I'm going to be more positive.
3.Shared experience,not just common amusement or_____________(advance), is the ground of friendship.
4.So,I'd suggest that a good way to start is by talking to your neighbours and ______________(exchange) contact details with them.
5.I can serve as a volunteer to guide the visitors around the gallery and I am convinced that I am equal___________the job.
standing
of
advancement
exchanging
to
B组 高考链接
6.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)He was__________(amaze) at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!
7.(2023全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society,and she teaches that people must take_____________(responsible) for saving their environment.
8.(2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷)So,what are they learning __________(basic),how to describe a panda's life.
9.(2022北京卷)Each of these new steps continued to grow my_____________ (confident).
10.(2021新高考全国Ⅱ卷)It is enough to put the page number and one or two words as a___________(remind).
amazed
responsibility
Basically
confidence
reminder
Ⅱ.语篇填空——语境中应用单元要点
I started my senior high school in September and I couldn't wait 1.______________(describe) it to you.
Soon after 2.__________(start) my classes,I found the new school life full of challenges.In order to meet the challenges,I often 3. ______________ (exchange) ideas with my teachers and made every effort to focus on my study to acquire great knowledge.In addition,I grasped every opportunity to improve 4.__________(I).To fully realize my potential,I made 5.__________ most of the school resources and took advantage of my spare time to do
to describe
starting
exchanged
myself
the
voluntary activities,6.__________would make a difference to my community. Most 7.__________(important),I set clear goals and balance schoolwork
against other activities.I'll make continuous 8. __________ (effort) to train my mind and develop my character.Last but not least,I will always accept challenges with a positive attitude and never lose hope.I am sure 9.________ time I will grow into a responsible and well-rounded individual and make a great 10.____________(contribute) to society.
which
importantly
efforts
in
contribution
Ⅲ.话题微写作——场景中提升写作技能(黑体部分用本单元词汇表达)
应用文写作——人物介绍
第一步 单句写作
1.Chelsea被高空滑索吸引,迫不及待地想迎接这次挑战。(can't wait to do sth)
_____________ the zip line,Chelsea_________________________________.
2.她发现用绳子滑到地面要容易得多。(find+宾语+宾语补足语)
She_____________________to slide to the ground with the line.
3.她以前经历过更艰难的活动。(tough)
She had experienced______________________________before.
Attracted by
couldn't wait to rise to the challenge
found it much easier
much tougher activities
4.她有潜力渡过难关。(potential)
She____________________to go through it.
5.Chelsea毫不费力地沿着滑索滑了下来,安全着陆。(effort)
_____________,Chelsea slid along the zip line and landed on the ground safe and sound.
6.无论遇到什么困难,她总是对自己有信心。(confidence)
Whatever difficulties she was faced with,she always____________________ herself.
had the potential
Without effort
had confidence in
第二步 句式升级
7.用so把句3和句4合并成复合句。
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
She had experienced much tougher activities before,so she had the potential to go through it.
第三步 连句成篇(注意使用恰当的衔接词)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Attracted by the zip line,Chelsea couldn't wait to rise to the challenge. Because she found it much easier to slide to the ground with the line.She had experienced much tougher activities before,so she had the potential to go through it.Without effort,Chelsea slid along the zip line and landed on the ground safe and sound.Whatever difficulties she was faced with,she always had confidence in herself.
练续写 锤炼技能
(一)情感描写之“喜悦”
Ⅰ.语块必记
1.light up喜形于色
2.brighten one's heart 使某人心情愉快
3.be joyful over/about 因……而高兴
4.yell with delight 乐得大叫
5.be wild with delight 欣喜若狂
6.glow with happiness洋溢着幸福
7.tears of happiness高兴的泪水
8.clap one's hands in delight高兴地拍手
9.be filled with delight/happiness/joy满心欢喜
10.thump/pound with joy/happiness高兴得心怦怦跳
Ⅱ.佳句背诵
1.直陈式表述
直接表达主人翁当时高兴或变得高兴的心情。直接表述是最基础、最简单的表述方式。
Tom was happy.汤姆很高兴。
I was wild with delight.我欣喜若狂。
2.描述性表述
陈述主人翁高兴时的动作或状态及其变化。这是一种最常见的表达形式,因为句子中很少或没有直接表达高兴的词语,它们是相对委婉的、高级的表达方式。
She shed tears of joy.她流下了高兴的眼泪。
Laughter lingered around the room.
笑声在房间里回荡。
She hugged them to her chest,and at last she was able to look up with tearful eyes and a smile.
她把它们抱在胸前,终于能够含着泪水抬起头来,露出微笑。
Seeing the oak tree full of yellow handkerchiefs,they all jumped up from their seats,dancing and screaming with joy.看到橡树上挂满了黄手帕,他们都从座位上跳了起来,高兴得又跳又叫。
3.比喻性表述
运用明喻或借喻的修辞手法来表达高兴或变得高兴的心情,是一种高级表述方式。
A ripple of excitement ran through them.
一阵兴奋的涟漪在他们中间涌动。
Unforgettable were her eyes that shone like diamonds and lips held in a steady smile.令人难忘的是,她的眼睛像钻石一样闪闪发光,嘴唇上挂着坚定的微笑。
4.夸张性表述
充分运用我们的想象力,将高兴的心情想象成有形事物进行描述,并加以放大。这也是一种高级的表达方式。
Joy welled up inside her.她心里充满了喜悦。
Her pulses beat fast,and the blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.她的心跳加快,热血温暖了全身,身心完全地放松下来。
5.拟人式表述
根据想象将抽象的高兴的状态及其变化当作人来叙述或描写,使这种抽象的状态具有人一样的言行、神态、思想和感情。从更宽泛的角度,我们表述时可以把这种高兴的状态赋予生命的特质。
A wild gaiety took hold of her.她感到一阵狂喜。
Because of that smile,our hearts jumped and danced for joy,sweet from the heart filled to the body.因为那微笑,我们的心高兴得跳了起来,甜蜜从心里蔓延到全身。
实战演练
1.用表示“喜悦”的表达完成下列各句(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,读后续写“母亲节的早餐”片段)
①妈妈一睁开眼睛,双胞胎就高兴地叫道:“母亲节快乐!”
The moment the mother opened her eyes,__________________________, “Happy Mother's Day!”
②母亲看到桌上的早餐,感到一股幸福的暖流涌上心头。
At the sight of the breakfast on the table,the mother felt_________________
________________________________________.
the twins yelled happily
a warm wave of
happiness welling up in her heart
③“妈妈,尝尝吧,”杰夫建议道。母亲竭力抑制住自己的激动,但幸福的泪水却流了下来。
“Mom,have a try,” Jeff suggested.The mother tried to hide her emotion, but ________________________________________.(无灵主语句)
④她满心欢喜地把他们搂在怀里,哽咽着说,“谢谢!”
_______________________________,she gathered them into her arms and choked “Thank you!”(独立主格)
⑤父亲高兴地拍拍手说:“我们一起吃早饭吧!”
__________________________________,“Let's share the breakfast together!”
the tears of happiness failed her
Her heart filled with joy
The father clapped his hands in delight
⑥双胞胎发出一声欢乐的尖叫,他们的双眼闪烁着喜悦的光芒。
→(普通表达) The twins let out a joyful scream and their eyes sparkled/twinkled/shone with joy.
→(满分表达)__________________________________________,
____________________________________________.(独立主格)
The twins let out a joyful scream
their eyes sparkling/twinkling/shining with joy
2.请将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文,注意使用恰当的过渡衔接词汇。
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
The moment the mother opened her eyes, the twins yelled happily, “Happy Mother's Day!”At the sight of the breakfast on the table,the mother felt a warm wave of happiness welling up in her heart.“Mom,have a try,” Jeff suggested. The mother tried to hide her emotion,but the tears of happiness failed her.Her heart filled with joy,she gathered them into her arms and choked, “Thank you!” The father clapped his hands in delight,“Let's share the breakfast together!” The twins let out a joyful scream,their eyes sparkling/twinkling/shining with joy.
研真题 链接高考
(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读B)——介绍环境保护发明家John Todd
When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream,for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older,John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college,John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants,he figured,maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥).First,he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks,John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it had all been digested,and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
一、理清脉络
二、真题再做
24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A.He was fond of traveling.
B.He enjoyed being alone.
C.He had an inquiring mind.
D.He longed to be a doctor.
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved problems.”和“When he got older,John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.”以及第二段中他提问的一系列问题可推知,John是一个爱探索、好问问题的人。故选C项。
C
25.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A.To feed the animals.
B.To build an ecosystem.
C.To protect the plants.
D.To test the eco-machine.
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!”可知,John 把污泥放进水槽里是为了对“生态机器”进行测试。故选D项。
D
26.What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A.To review John's research plans.
B.To show an application of John's idea.
C.To compare John's different jobs.
D.To erase doubts about John's invention.
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China.”可知,作者提到福州是为了展示John的想法在现实中的应用。故选B项。
B
27.What is the basis for John's work
A.Nature can repair itself.
B.Organisms need water to survive.
C.Life on Earth is diverse.
D.Most tiny creatures live in groups.
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”可知,John 设计的“生态机器”的基础是大自然可以自我修复。故选A项。
A
三、语言能力
1.掌握构词知识
词根 派生 词义 例句
___________ ecosystem __________ Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.
___________ organism ______________________ You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening.
system
生态系统
organ
微生物,
有机体
2.牢记熟词生义
单词 词性及词义 例句
trap ________________ Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)
clear ________________ A dirty stream,for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.
treat ____________________________________ He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.
v.吸收,留存
adj.透明的
vt.(利用化学
物质或反应)处理
3.积累高频词块
(1)clean up _____________
(2)a series of ______________
(3)little by little ______________
(4)take on ____________
(5)an inquiring mind ________________
(6)long to do sth ____________
清除(污染物)
一系列,一连串
慢慢地,逐渐地
承担(责任)
好奇心,探究精神
渴望做某事
4.赏析续写佳句
When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved problems.
当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候,他喜欢探索房子周围的树林,___________
_______________________。
观察大自然
是如何解决问题的
5.破解复杂句式
A dirty stream,for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.
分析:本句为主从复合句。“for example”为__________语;“after flowing through plants and along rocks”为__________语;“where tiny creatures lived”为where引导的__________从句,修饰先行词__________。
译文:__________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
插入
时间状
定语
rocks
例如,一条污浊的小溪,在流经植物和微小生物栖息的岩石后,通常会变得清澈。
Unit 1 Back to school
研考点 核心突破
目录索引
强基础 语基自测
1
2
测效果 课堂评价
3
练续写 锤炼技能
4
研真题 链接高考
5
强基础 语基自测
默写查验
一、核心单词
1.__________ n.& vt.挑战;质疑
2.__________ adj.积极乐观的;良好的,正面的
3.__________ n.机会,时机
4.__________ vt.获得,得到
5.__________ n.努力,费力的事;试图
6.__________ n.态度,看法
7.__________ n.焦点,重点 vt.& vi.集中
8.__________ vt.提醒,使想起
9.__________ n.& vt.交换;交流;兑换
10.__________ n.主人;东道主;主持人 vt.主办;主持
challenge
positive
opportunity
acquire
effort
attitude
focus
remind
exchange
host
二、派生单词
1.__________ v.认为;思考→__________ n.思维,想法→__________ n.思想→__________ adj.深思的;体贴的→____________ adv.沉思地;体贴地
2. __________ n.,vt.& vi.进步,进展;前进,行进
→__________ adj.先进的;高级的→____________n.前进;提升
3.__________ vt.使惊奇→__________ adj.令人大为惊奇的
→__________ adj.惊奇的→__________ adv.惊奇地
→__________ n.惊异;惊愕
4.__________ n.信心,信任;把握→__________ adj.自信的
→__________ adv.自信地
think
thinking
thought
thoughtful
thoughtfully
advance
advanced
amaze
amazed
amazement
confidence
confidently
confident
amazingly
amazing
advancement
5. __________ vt.& vi.改进,改善→__________ adj.改良的
→__________adj.有启发的→_____________n.改进,改善
6.__________vi.& vt.回答;承担责任→__________n.响应;反应→___________adj.有责任的;可靠的→__________adv.负责地,可信赖地→_____________n.责任;义务
7.__________ vt.吸引,使喜爱;招引;引起 (反应)
→__________ adj.吸引人的→__________ adv.迷人地;有吸引力地→__________ n.吸引;吸引人的事物→_____________ n.吸引力;迷惑力
improve
improved
improving
improvement
respond
response
responsible
responsibly
responsibility
attract
attractive
attractively
attraction
attractiveness
三、重点短语
1._____________存在于,在于
2._____________能够处理
3._________________起作用,有影响
4.________________充分利用,尽情享受
5.________________利用
6._______________最后但同样重要的
7._______________盼望,期待
8._____________由于
9._____________坚持;固守,维持
10._____________随着时间流逝,久而久之
lie in
rise to
make a difference
make the most of
take advantage of
last but not least
look forward to
as a result of
stick to
over time
四、典型句式
1.can't wait to do sth迫不及待地要去做某事
教材原句:I can't wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like.
2.“表语+系动词+主语”倒装句式
教材原句:Of equal importance are good study habits,useful skills and a positive attitude.
3.find+宾语+宾语补足语
教材原句:In time you will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual.
语境应用
Ⅰ.用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your__________(effort) to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
2.Good coffee should be tasted with friends,and good ___________________ (opportunity) should be shared with friends.
3.The coach had criticized him for not__________(focus) on his soccer drills.
4.He's been around a long time and__________________(acquire) a number of skills.
efforts
opportunities
focusing
has acquired
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.___________ culture is the fruit of human's civilization and ___________. (advance)
2.If we do,they tell us,we will be able to meet new people with__________and deal with every situation____________and without embarrassment. (confident)
3.Secondly,community service should be___________by______________the quality of service staff.(improve)
Advanced
advancement
confidence
confidently
improved
improving
4.Since you are eighteen,you should be________________for what you have done. In my opinion, doing voluntary work will help you build up a sense of ______________.(response)
5.By being more__________,you're more likely to realize your __________ and act more__________.(attract)
6.He stood___________,not able to decide,when a bright___________struck him.(think)
7.To his__________,we were not__________at his___________achievements. (amaze)
responsible
responsibility
attractive
attraction
attractive
thinking
thought
amazement
amazed
amazing
Ⅲ.用左栏所给短语的正确形式填空
1.Severn showed that young people can____________________if they're brave enough to believe in themselves.
2.Don't worry too much and try to__________________what we have on offer here.
3.She__________________the children's absence to tidy their rooms.
4.I don't doubt that the plan is practical,but I doubt if he will__________ the plan until it's finished.
make a difference
make the most of
took advantage of
stick to
Ⅳ.微写作
1.我迫不及待地想看到它们,我想知道我拍的照片是否像我想的那么好。
I_______________________.I'm wondering if the shots I took are as good as I thought.
2.在大厅中央站着一个高个子的年轻人。
________________________________ a tall young man.
3.当他醒来时,他发现自己被锁在房间里。
When he came to himself,he__________________________in the room.
can't wait to see them
In the middle of the hall was standing
found himself locked
研考点 核心突破
核心词汇突破
1.potential n.潜力;可能性 adj.潜在的,可能的→potentially adv.可能地,潜在地
[练会]单句语法填空
①In my opinion,this is a____________(potential) dangerous situation.
②Considering that he has the potential___________ (do) the work well,the boss hired him.
③People who do not smoke have less potential__________suffering from lung cancer than those who smoke.
potentially
to do
for
[写美]微写作·背诵
④他的父亲热切地希望他能够充分发挥出自身的全部潜力。(读后续写之人物心理描写)
His father was very keen that he should_____________________________.
achieve/reach his full potential
归纳(1)the potential for (doing) sth (做)某事的潜力,可能性
(2)have the potential to do sth 有做某事的可能
(3)achieve/reach one's potential 发挥某人的潜能
佳句As experts predicted,there is great potential for future development in this field.(议论文写作之观点表达)
正如专家们预测的那样,这一领域未来有很大的发展潜力。
2.effort n.努力,费力的事;试图
[练会]单句语法填空
①Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort__________ (pave) the way for their success.
②The little boat rolled down the river_________effort with the wind behind it.
③Let's start now and make an effort_________(do) a little bit every minute. (应用文写作之倡议书)
to pave
without
to do
[写美]微写作·背诵
④是简坚持不懈的努力和坚定的信念为她实现梦想铺平了道路。(读后续写之主旨升华)
It was Jane's persistent_________________________that paved the way for realizing her dream.
efforts and strong faith
归纳(1)make efforts/an effort/every effort to do sth 尽一切努力做某事
(2)spare no effort (to do sth) 不遗余力(做某事)
(3)with effort 不容易地,费力地
(4)without effort 容易地,不费力地
佳句She took a deep breath and sat up slowly with great effort.(读后续写之动作描写)
她深吸了一口气,费力地慢慢坐了起来。
3.advance n.进步,进展;前进,行进 vt.& vi.发展,进步→advanced adj.先进的;高级的→advancement n.前进;提升
[练会]单句语法填空
①While humans make advances_____some areas,they are always threatening the existence of natural resources.
②Anyone who wants to take the__________(advance) literature course must sign up for it in advance.(应用文写作之告知信)
[写美]微写作·背诵
③并且无论发生什么,都是朋友们鼓舞人心的话语鼓励我们朝着目标前进。(读后续写之主旨升华)
And whatever happens,it is the inspiring words from friends that encourage us to_________________________.
in
advanced
advance towards our goal
归纳(1)advance on/upon/towards 朝……前进
(2)in advance 预先;提前(指事先)
(3)make advances in 在……方面取得进步
佳句I'd appreciate it if you let me know whether you are available or not in advance.(应用文写作之邀请信)
如果你提前告知我你是否有空,我将感激不尽。
advance不与forward连用
4.amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的,令人惊喜的→amaze vt.使惊奇→amazed adj.惊奇的→amazingly adv.惊奇地→amazement n.惊异;惊愕
[练会]单句语法填空
①One was that I was__________(amaze) at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.
②To my____________(amaze),a brand-new stadium has been put up in our school.
amazed
amazement
[写美]句式升级·背诵
③A brand-new stadium has been put up in our school,___________________.
(用非限制性定语从句升级句②)
④_________________________ a brand-new stadium has been put up in our school.(用it作形式主语升级句②)
⑤_________________________ a brand-new stadium has been put up in our school.(用what引导的主语从句升级句②)
which amazes me
It amazes me that
What amazes me is that
归纳(1)be amazed at/by... 对……感到惊讶
(2)be amazed to do sth 因做某事而感到惊讶
(3)to one's amazement 让某人惊讶的是
(4)in amazement 惊奇地
佳句Amazed and embarrassed,she feels as if all the air were to disappear and people around the world were watching her.(读后续写之心理描写)
她既惊讶又尴尬,感觉所有的空气都要消失了,全世界的人似乎都在看着她。
5.confidence n.信心,信任;把握→confident adj.自信的;有把握的→confidently adv.自信地
[练会]单句语法填空
①Work hard,and I'm confident__________you will succeed in the end.(应用文写作之建议信)
②Whatever difficulties we are faced with,we always have ______________ (confident) in ourselves.
that
confidence
[写美]微写作·背诵
③那时,我下了一个坚定的决心:我要更加努力,更加自信,这样我就不会在高中的时候再次陷入这样的困境和恐慌。(读后续写之主旨升华)
At that point,I made a firm resolution:________________________________
___________________,so that I wouldn't get stuck and panic like this again in high school.
I'd be more hard-working
and more confident
归纳(1)be confident about/of (doing) sth 对(做)某事有信心
(2)be confident that... 对……有信心
(3)have/show confidence in sb 对某人有信心
佳句Breathing deeply,I calmed down and walked onto the stage with confidence. (读后续写之动作描写)
我深呼吸,平静下来,满怀信心地走上舞台。
深呼吸
6.make a difference 起作用,有影响
[练会]单句语法填空
①What you have said will make no difference__________the naughty boy.
②The twins are so alike;It's difficult to tell the difference__________them.
③My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of______difference with the plans I had in mind.
to
between
a
[写美]词汇升级·背诵
④I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.I hope my behaviors will work.(读后续写之行为描写)
→I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible.I hope my behaviors will________________________.(升级加黑词汇)
make a difference
归纳(1)make a difference to对……有作用/影响
(2)make some/no/little difference (to...) (对……)有些/没有/几乎没有作用/影响
(3)tell the difference (between...and...) 辨别/区分(……与……)
佳句(2022浙江6月卷)It also made me realize that our small act of kindness can make them feel warm and make a great difference to them.(读后续写之主旨升华)
这也让我意识到,我们小小的善举就可以让他们感到温暖,对他们产生很大的影响。
7.make the most of 充分利用,尽情享受
[练会]单句语法填空
①Mary knows how to make___________most of her talents.
②We must make full use of every minute__________(go) over our lessons for the final examination is coming.(应用文写作之建议信)
[写美]句式升级·背诵
③Every minute________________________________________for the final examination is coming.(将句②升级为被动语态)
the
to go
must be made of full use to go over our lessons
归纳(1)make the best of 充分利用
(2)make full/good use of 充分利用
(3)at most 至多;不超过
佳句You should make the best of this opportunity to communicate with others. (应用文写作之建议信)
你应该充分利用这个机会与他人交流。
8.take advantage of 利用
[练会]单句语法填空
①They took advantage__________the fine weather to play tennis with their friends.
②She had__________advantage of a good education compared with senior high school students.
③But being smart online learners has its_______________(advantage) and disadvantages.(应用文写作之发言稿)
of
the
advantages
[写美]词汇升级·背诵
④I would like to make use of this chance to express my thanks for your help. (应用文写作之感谢信)
→I would like to_____________________this chance to convey my gratitude for your help.
take advantage of
归纳(1)advantages and disadvantages 利与弊
(2)have the advantage of 有……的优势
(3)make use of 利用
(4)to one's advantage 对某人有利
佳句Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.(应用文写作之建议信)
父母应该积极鼓励他们的孩子利用这个机会参加运动队。
9.equal adj.相等的;平等的;相当的 n.同等的人(物) linking v.与……相等 vt.比得上→equality n.平等;相等→equally adv.相等地;公平地
[练会]单句语法填空
①The government should ensure____________(equal) of opportunity for all children.
②From my point of view,Michael Jordan is______________equal in playing basketball.
③Learning to tell the difference between the true and the false is__________ (equal) important.
equality
without
equally
[写美]微写作·背诵
④从那天起,没有人编造关于Landy的傻话了,并且Catherine也明白了,每个人都应该被平等对待,不管他或她有多特别。(读后续写之主旨升华)
From that day on,no one made up silly chants about Landy,and Catherine also learned that everyone_________________________________no matter how special he or she is.
should be treated equally
归纳(1)be equal to sth/doing sth 等于/胜任(做)某事
(2)equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物
(3)be without equal=have no equal 无与伦比
佳句Equally important is that I am good at communicating with others.So I hold the firm belief that I am equal to the job as a volunteer for the fair.(应用文写作之申请信)
同样重要的是,我擅长与其他人交流。因此,我坚信我胜任博览会志愿者的工作。
10.balance vt.同等重视;(使)保持平衡;权衡重要性 n.均衡,平衡;平衡能力→balanced adv.平衡的;均衡的→unbalanced adj.不平衡的;错乱的
[练会]单句语法填空
①You must balance the advantages____________the disadvantages before making the final decision.
②It would be a good idea if you could keep a___________(balance) diet to keep physically healthy.(应用文写作之建议信)
③__________good sense of balance is always useful when you are sailing.
against
balanced
A
[写美]微写作·背诵
④(2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷)首先,给学生随机配对可能会导致小组内的语言能力不平衡。(应用文写作之建议信)
To begin with,randomly pairing up students may lead to_________________
______________________within the groups.
unbalanced
language abilities
归纳(1)keep/lose one's balance 保持/失去平衡
(2)keep a balance between...and... 保持……与……的平衡
(3)balance A against B 权衡/斟酌/比较A和B
(4)a sense of balance 平衡感
佳句I stepped on a banana skin,lost my balance and fell flat on the ground,passers-by screaming with astonishment.(读后续写之动作链描写)
我踩到香蕉皮,失去平衡,趴在地上,路人惊叫起来。
11.responsible adj.有责任,负责;可靠的→responsibility n.责任;义务→responsibly adv.负责地,可信赖地
[练会]单句语法填空
①If you feel stressed by_________________(responsible) at work,you should take a step back and identify those of greater and less importance.
②We'll be responsible__________your safety and without doubt you should take responsibility for your actions.
responsibilities
for
[写美]微写作·背诵
③最后但同等重要的是,充分利用水资源是每个人的责任,比如在我们的日常生活中循环利用水和节约用水。(应用文写作之演讲稿)
Last but not least,_________________________________________________, such as recycling and saving water in our daily life.
it is everyone's responsibility to make good use of water
归纳(1)be responsible for...对……负责
(2)have/take responsibility for 对……有责任
(3)it's one's responsibility to do sth 做某事是某人的责任
(4)a sense of responsibility 责任感
佳句He came to realize that he should take responsibility for the family because he was an adult.(读后续写之主旨升华)
他逐渐意识到他应该对家庭负责,因为他已经是个成年人了。
12.look forward to 盼望,期待
[练会]单句语法填空
①Everyone looks forward__________progress,whether in their personal life or in society.
②I'd like to express my warm welcome to you and your performance. Meanwhile, I am looking forward to_____________(hear) from you as soon as possible.(应用文写作之邀请信)
③Time ran out before we could get down to___________(solve) the problem.
to
hearing
solving
[写美]微写作·背诵
④我迫不及待地想让他离开。我期待着一个人度过一个完整的星期六。(读后续写之心理描写)
I couldn't wait for him to leave.I__________________________________ by myself.
looked forward to a whole Saturday
归纳由介词to构成的后加动词-ing形式/名词/代词的常见短语有:
be addicted to 沉溺于
be used/accustomed to 习惯于
get down to 着手做
pay attention to 注意
turn to 致力于;求助于;转向
点津(1)look forward to中,to为介词,其后要接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语;
(2)look forward to作为定语从句的一部分时,考查的常是主句的谓语动词,而非look forward to的宾语。
13.focus n.焦点,重点 vt.& vi.集中
[练会]单句语法填空
①The lecture will focus___________the history and development of Chinese characters.(应用文写作之通知)
②It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus_____ families,shouldering the hope of their parents.
[写美]微写作·背诵
③她以认真的态度继续带领我们学习社会学科。我不再捉弄别人,更专注于我的学业。(读后续写之情节描写)
She continued to lead us in our social studies with her serious attitude.I didn't prank others any longer and was________________________.
on
of
more focused on my studies
归纳(1)focus(...) on...集中(……)于……
(2)focus one's attention/eyes/energy on...集中注意力/目光/精力于……
(3)the focus of attention/concern/interest注意力/关注/兴趣的焦点
佳句Nervous as she was,she tried to stay calm and focused.(读后续写之人物心理描写)
尽管她很紧张,但她试图让自己镇定并集中注意力。
倒装结构
14.base vt.以……为基础(依据) n.根据;基础;基底;总部,大本营→basis n.基础→basic adj.基本的;基础的→basically adv.基本上;大体上
[练会]单句语法填空/补全句子
①On the__________(base) of what you show,I firmly believe that you can be qualified for the position.
②The film_________________________(以一个真实的故事为基础) and it turned out to be a huge hit.
basis
was based on a true story
[写美]句式升级(按要求升级句②)·背诵
③______________________________________ turned out to be a huge hit. (定语从句)
④_______________________,the film turned out to be a huge hit.(过去分词短语作状语)
The film which/that was based on a true story
Based on a true story
归纳(1)base...on/upon...=be based on/upon...以……为基础/依据
(2)on the basis of...根据……;在……的基础上
佳句Based on traditional Chinese customs,you should let the elderly eat first.(应用文写作之告知信)
基于中国的传统风俗,你应该先让长者用餐。
15.remind vt.提醒,使想起→reminder n.引起回忆的事物
[练会]单句语法填空
①I spotted a boy playing by the river when I passed by,so I reminded him _____________(keep) away from the river.
②This precious gift served as a constant__________(remind) of learning to use my tool right.
[写美]微写作·背诵
③我站起来时提醒自己要呼吸,汗水顺着脖子后面流下来。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)
I___________________________as I stood up,with sweat streaming down the back of my neck.
to keep
reminder
reminded myself to breathe
归纳(1)remind sb of (doing) sth 提醒某人(做)某事
(2)remind sb that... 使某人想起……
(3)remind sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事
点津常见“ v.+sb+of sth”的短语
inform sb of sth 通知某人某事
rob sb of sth 抢劫某人某物
warn sb of sth 警告某人某事
16.exchange n.& vt.交换;交流;兑换
[练会]单句语法填空
①What's more,besides getting reading materials,writers can help out in the bookstore______exchange for staying there for free.
②I am going to travel abroad,so I need to exchange some RMB _____ dollars in the bank.
[写美]微写作·背诵
③桌边的那个人抬起头来,微笑着和我交换了一下眼神。(读后续写之神态描写)
The man at the table looked up,smiled and__________________________.
in
for
exchanged glances with me
归纳(1)in exchange for... 作为对……的交换
(2)exchange...for... 以……换取……
(3)exchange sth with sb 和某人交换某物
佳句We exchanged a smile,and as we drove away,my younger daughter Scarlett began to cry.(读后续写之动作描写)
我们交换了一个微笑,当我们开车离开时,我的小女儿Scarlett哭了起来。
★ 补遗缺 微点练全
Ⅰ.一词多义
1.character
A.品质,性格 B.特点 C.人物,角色 D.文字
①Nowadays many foreigners love to study Chinese characters in China. ____
②(2022浙江1月卷)To frame his story,Klein creates the character of Ned,a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. ____
D
C
③One of the joys of being a parent is watching the child's character develop. ____
④(2023全国乙卷)Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar,either farm fields or highways,sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. ____
A
B
2.junior
A.adj.(学校)为11或13岁以下儿童设立的;地位(或级别)低的;青少年的
B.n.职位较低者;青少年运动员
①When I was in junior middle school,I had great difficulty in learning maths. ____
②He was the most junior and most recent arrival in the company. ____
③The girl you talked about just now is junior to me. ____
④I loved horses as a child and was a junior show jumper. ____
A
B
A
B
3.tip
A.n.指点,实用的提示 B.n.尖端 C.v.给小费
①The sleeves covered his hands to the tips of his fingers. ____
②It is usual to tip waiters,porters,guides and drivers. ____
③The following four tips will make high school graduates better prepared for college life. ____
B
C
A
4.tough
A.艰难的 B.严厉的 C.坚强的 D.坚固的
①This tube is flexible but tough. ____
②A man should be wild,brave,tough and responsible. ____
③She is a tough mother to her only son. ____
④(2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Turning soil,pulling weeds,and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. ____
D
C
B
A
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
1.challen
项目 意义 例句
熟义 vt.__________ (2022新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Well,I may be old,but I'm not hopelessly challenged,digitally speaking.
n. __________ (2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷)I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online.
生义 vt.__________ I did not think he was right,so I challenged him.
挑战
挑战
质疑
2.goal
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n. __________ This,in turn,gives us new goals of health and fitness.
生义 n.________________ The game is won by the team that scores the greater number of goals.
目标
进球得分
3.option
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n._____________________ (2023全国甲卷)It has a seemingly bottomless well of dining options.
生义 n.__________ Several options are offered for the student's senior year.
可选择的事物,选择
选修课
4.attract
项目 意义 例句
熟义 vt.____________ (2022浙江6月卷)This variety,coupled with the fact that tiny forests grow up to ten times faster than standard forests,means they attract a rich abundance of wildlife.
生义 vt.____________ They were attracted to each other from the first.
vt.____________ To avoid attracting unwelcome attention,he kept his voice down.
吸引
使喜爱
引起(反应)
重点句型透视
1.can't wait to do sth 迫不及待地要去做某事
[教材原句] I can't wait to describe to you what senior high school life is like.
我迫不及待地要向你们描述一下高中生活是什么样子的。
[练会]单句语法填空
①I was so excited that I couldn't wait__________(try) my hand at riding the bicycle.
②The first time Bill arrived in Gulangyu,he couldn't help __________ (say), “This is the most beautiful place I have been to.”
③Stuck in a difficult problem,I couldn't help but___________ (turn) to my teacher for help.
to try
saying
turn
[写美]微写作·背诵
④当吉姆被告知他可以和他的父亲一起去中国旅行时,他迫不及待地收拾行李。(读后续写之情节描写)
When Jim was told that he could go on a journey to China with his father,he
__________________________________.
couldn't/could hardly wait to pack up
归纳(1)can hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待地要做某事
(2)can't help doing sth 情不自禁做某事
(3)can't help but do sth 不得不做某事
点津表示“渴望/迫切做某事”的其他表达方式
be eager to do sth
be dying to do sth
long to do sth
desire to do sth
be anxious to do sth
2.“表语+系动词+主语”倒装句式
[教材原句] Of equal importance are good study habits,useful skills and a positive attitude.
同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用的技能和积极的态度。
[练会]单句语法填空
①Here__________(come) a good chance that you can use your summer vacation to go on study tours.
②In front of our house_____________(stand) a tall tree with a history of over 1,000 years.
comes
stands
③Present at this year's music festival__________(be) the school headmaster, teachers,students and some of the students' parents.
[写美]句型转换·背诵
④The days are gone when women were looked down upon.
→Gone______________when women were looked down upon.(改为倒装句)
were
are the days
归纳当表语是分词、副词、形容词、介词短语,主语比较长且主语是名词时,为了保持平衡或强调表语,常把表语放在句首,引起句子完全倒装。句型结构为:分词/副词/形容词/介词短语+be+主语。
点津表示地点的介词短语位于句首,句子用完全倒装。副词here, there, now, then等放在句首,而主语是名词,且谓语动词是 be,lie,sit,stand,come等不及物动词时,句子用完全倒装。there be句型也属于一种完全倒装句。
3.find+宾语+宾语补足语
[教材原句] In time you will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual.
最后,你们会发现自己逐渐全面成长。
[练会]单句语法填空
①In the dream,Peter found himself___________(follow) by a dog.
②Just a few days after the signs went up,he found people__________(sit) there and engaging in active and joyful conversations.
分清宾语与宾语补足语之间的逻辑关系是解题的关键
followed
sitting
③I found it_______________(benefit) to my health to stay in the countryside.
[写美]微写作·背诵
④听说你发现很难适应在中国的生活和学习,我很遗憾。(应用文写作之建议信)
I'm sorry to hear that you__________________________living and studying in China.
beneficial
find it hard to adjust to
归纳(1)“find+复合宾语”结构如下:
(2)find+it+形容词/名词+to do (it是形式宾语,to do是真正的宾语)
佳句They found the dog barking loudly at them all the time.(读后续写之情节描写)
他们发现狗一直对着他们大声吠叫。
测效果 课堂评价
Ⅰ.单句语法填空——分层级强化高频考点
A组 基础必练
1.I looked back and found Jennifer___________(stand) behind me.
2.I believe in making the most__________life and I've decided I'm going to be more positive.
3.Shared experience,not just common amusement or_____________(advance), is the ground of friendship.
4.So,I'd suggest that a good way to start is by talking to your neighbours and ______________(exchange) contact details with them.
5.I can serve as a volunteer to guide the visitors around the gallery and I am convinced that I am equal___________the job.
standing
of
advancement
exchanging
to
B组 高考链接
6.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)He was__________(amaze) at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!
7.(2023全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society,and she teaches that people must take_____________(responsible) for saving their environment.
8.(2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷)So,what are they learning __________(basic),how to describe a panda's life.
9.(2022北京卷)Each of these new steps continued to grow my_____________ (confident).
10.(2021新高考全国Ⅱ卷)It is enough to put the page number and one or two words as a___________(remind).
amazed
responsibility
Basically
confidence
reminder
Ⅱ.语篇填空——语境中应用单元要点
I started my senior high school in September and I couldn't wait 1.______________(describe) it to you.
Soon after 2.__________(start) my classes,I found the new school life full of challenges.In order to meet the challenges,I often 3. ______________ (exchange) ideas with my teachers and made every effort to focus on my study to acquire great knowledge.In addition,I grasped every opportunity to improve 4.__________(I).To fully realize my potential,I made 5.__________ most of the school resources and took advantage of my spare time to do
to describe
starting
exchanged
myself
the
voluntary activities,6.__________would make a difference to my community. Most 7.__________(important),I set clear goals and balance schoolwork
against other activities.I'll make continuous 8. __________ (effort) to train my mind and develop my character.Last but not least,I will always accept challenges with a positive attitude and never lose hope.I am sure 9.________ time I will grow into a responsible and well-rounded individual and make a great 10.____________(contribute) to society.
which
importantly
efforts
in
contribution
Ⅲ.话题微写作——场景中提升写作技能(黑体部分用本单元词汇表达)
应用文写作——人物介绍
第一步 单句写作
1.Chelsea被高空滑索吸引,迫不及待地想迎接这次挑战。(can't wait to do sth)
_____________ the zip line,Chelsea_________________________________.
2.她发现用绳子滑到地面要容易得多。(find+宾语+宾语补足语)
She_____________________to slide to the ground with the line.
3.她以前经历过更艰难的活动。(tough)
She had experienced______________________________before.
Attracted by
couldn't wait to rise to the challenge
found it much easier
much tougher activities
4.她有潜力渡过难关。(potential)
She____________________to go through it.
5.Chelsea毫不费力地沿着滑索滑了下来,安全着陆。(effort)
_____________,Chelsea slid along the zip line and landed on the ground safe and sound.
6.无论遇到什么困难,她总是对自己有信心。(confidence)
Whatever difficulties she was faced with,she always____________________ herself.
had the potential
Without effort
had confidence in
第二步 句式升级
7.用so把句3和句4合并成复合句。
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
She had experienced much tougher activities before,so she had the potential to go through it.
第三步 连句成篇(注意使用恰当的衔接词)
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Attracted by the zip line,Chelsea couldn't wait to rise to the challenge. Because she found it much easier to slide to the ground with the line.She had experienced much tougher activities before,so she had the potential to go through it.Without effort,Chelsea slid along the zip line and landed on the ground safe and sound.Whatever difficulties she was faced with,she always had confidence in herself.
练续写 锤炼技能
(一)情感描写之“喜悦”
Ⅰ.语块必记
1.light up喜形于色
2.brighten one's heart 使某人心情愉快
3.be joyful over/about 因……而高兴
4.yell with delight 乐得大叫
5.be wild with delight 欣喜若狂
6.glow with happiness洋溢着幸福
7.tears of happiness高兴的泪水
8.clap one's hands in delight高兴地拍手
9.be filled with delight/happiness/joy满心欢喜
10.thump/pound with joy/happiness高兴得心怦怦跳
Ⅱ.佳句背诵
1.直陈式表述
直接表达主人翁当时高兴或变得高兴的心情。直接表述是最基础、最简单的表述方式。
Tom was happy.汤姆很高兴。
I was wild with delight.我欣喜若狂。
2.描述性表述
陈述主人翁高兴时的动作或状态及其变化。这是一种最常见的表达形式,因为句子中很少或没有直接表达高兴的词语,它们是相对委婉的、高级的表达方式。
She shed tears of joy.她流下了高兴的眼泪。
Laughter lingered around the room.
笑声在房间里回荡。
She hugged them to her chest,and at last she was able to look up with tearful eyes and a smile.
她把它们抱在胸前,终于能够含着泪水抬起头来,露出微笑。
Seeing the oak tree full of yellow handkerchiefs,they all jumped up from their seats,dancing and screaming with joy.看到橡树上挂满了黄手帕,他们都从座位上跳了起来,高兴得又跳又叫。
3.比喻性表述
运用明喻或借喻的修辞手法来表达高兴或变得高兴的心情,是一种高级表述方式。
A ripple of excitement ran through them.
一阵兴奋的涟漪在他们中间涌动。
Unforgettable were her eyes that shone like diamonds and lips held in a steady smile.令人难忘的是,她的眼睛像钻石一样闪闪发光,嘴唇上挂着坚定的微笑。
4.夸张性表述
充分运用我们的想象力,将高兴的心情想象成有形事物进行描述,并加以放大。这也是一种高级的表达方式。
Joy welled up inside her.她心里充满了喜悦。
Her pulses beat fast,and the blood warmed and relaxed every inch of her body.她的心跳加快,热血温暖了全身,身心完全地放松下来。
5.拟人式表述
根据想象将抽象的高兴的状态及其变化当作人来叙述或描写,使这种抽象的状态具有人一样的言行、神态、思想和感情。从更宽泛的角度,我们表述时可以把这种高兴的状态赋予生命的特质。
A wild gaiety took hold of her.她感到一阵狂喜。
Because of that smile,our hearts jumped and danced for joy,sweet from the heart filled to the body.因为那微笑,我们的心高兴得跳了起来,甜蜜从心里蔓延到全身。
实战演练
1.用表示“喜悦”的表达完成下列各句(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,读后续写“母亲节的早餐”片段)
①妈妈一睁开眼睛,双胞胎就高兴地叫道:“母亲节快乐!”
The moment the mother opened her eyes,__________________________, “Happy Mother's Day!”
②母亲看到桌上的早餐,感到一股幸福的暖流涌上心头。
At the sight of the breakfast on the table,the mother felt_________________
________________________________________.
the twins yelled happily
a warm wave of
happiness welling up in her heart
③“妈妈,尝尝吧,”杰夫建议道。母亲竭力抑制住自己的激动,但幸福的泪水却流了下来。
“Mom,have a try,” Jeff suggested.The mother tried to hide her emotion, but ________________________________________.(无灵主语句)
④她满心欢喜地把他们搂在怀里,哽咽着说,“谢谢!”
_______________________________,she gathered them into her arms and choked “Thank you!”(独立主格)
⑤父亲高兴地拍拍手说:“我们一起吃早饭吧!”
__________________________________,“Let's share the breakfast together!”
the tears of happiness failed her
Her heart filled with joy
The father clapped his hands in delight
⑥双胞胎发出一声欢乐的尖叫,他们的双眼闪烁着喜悦的光芒。
→(普通表达) The twins let out a joyful scream and their eyes sparkled/twinkled/shone with joy.
→(满分表达)__________________________________________,
____________________________________________.(独立主格)
The twins let out a joyful scream
their eyes sparkling/twinkling/shining with joy
2.请将以上各句合并成小短文并背诵成文,注意使用恰当的过渡衔接词汇。
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
The moment the mother opened her eyes, the twins yelled happily, “Happy Mother's Day!”At the sight of the breakfast on the table,the mother felt a warm wave of happiness welling up in her heart.“Mom,have a try,” Jeff suggested. The mother tried to hide her emotion,but the tears of happiness failed her.Her heart filled with joy,she gathered them into her arms and choked, “Thank you!” The father clapped his hands in delight,“Let's share the breakfast together!” The twins let out a joyful scream,their eyes sparkling/twinkling/shining with joy.
研真题 链接高考
(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,阅读B)——介绍环境保护发明家John Todd
When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved problems.A dirty stream,for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.When he got older,John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making. After studying agriculture,medicine,and fisheries in college,John went back to observing nature and asking questions.Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants,he figured,maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did.He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥).First,he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other.Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals.He placed them in the tanks and waited.Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.After a few weeks,John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!Within weeks,it had all been digested,and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years,John has taken on many big jobs.He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
一、理清脉络
二、真题再做
24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A.He was fond of traveling.
B.He enjoyed being alone.
C.He had an inquiring mind.
D.He longed to be a doctor.
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved problems.”和“When he got older,John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.”以及第二段中他提问的一系列问题可推知,John是一个爱探索、好问问题的人。故选C项。
C
25.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A.To feed the animals.
B.To build an ecosystem.
C.To protect the plants.
D.To test the eco-machine.
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“He was amazed at the results.The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!”可知,John 把污泥放进水槽里是为了对“生态机器”进行测试。故选D项。
D
26.What is the author's purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A.To review John's research plans.
B.To show an application of John's idea.
C.To compare John's different jobs.
D.To erase doubts about John's invention.
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou,a city in southeast China.”可知,作者提到福州是为了展示John的想法在现实中的应用。故选B项。
B
27.What is the basis for John's work
A.Nature can repair itself.
B.Organisms need water to survive.
C.Life on Earth is diverse.
D.Most tiny creatures live in groups.
细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening.Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”可知,John 设计的“生态机器”的基础是大自然可以自我修复。故选A项。
A
三、语言能力
1.掌握构词知识
词根 派生 词义 例句
___________ ecosystem __________ Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem.
___________ organism ______________________ You put organisms in new relationships and observe what's happening.
system
生态系统
organ
微生物,
有机体
2.牢记熟词生义
单词 词性及词义 例句
trap ________________ Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)
clear ________________ A dirty stream,for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.
treat ____________________________________ He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.
v.吸收,留存
adj.透明的
vt.(利用化学
物质或反应)处理
3.积累高频词块
(1)clean up _____________
(2)a series of ______________
(3)little by little ______________
(4)take on ____________
(5)an inquiring mind ________________
(6)long to do sth ____________
清除(污染物)
一系列,一连串
慢慢地,逐渐地
承担(责任)
好奇心,探究精神
渴望做某事
4.赏析续写佳句
When John Todd was a child,he loved to explore the woods around his house,observing how nature solved problems.
当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候,他喜欢探索房子周围的树林,___________
_______________________。
观察大自然
是如何解决问题的
5.破解复杂句式
A dirty stream,for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.
分析:本句为主从复合句。“for example”为__________语;“after flowing through plants and along rocks”为__________语;“where tiny creatures lived”为where引导的__________从句,修饰先行词__________。
译文:__________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
插入
时间状
定语
rocks
例如,一条污浊的小溪,在流经植物和微小生物栖息的岩石后,通常会变得清澈。