04.食品安全
一、阅读理解
1
In the past few weeks, Richard Eckersley has noticed a change in the type of people who come into his shop. In 2017, the former Manchester United footballer set up Earth. Food. Love in Tones, Devon, with his wife, Nicola. It’s the UK’s first “zero waste” store—the food is in big jars and boxes and people bring their own containers. “A lot of new people are coming in-people who have not necessarily been interested in environmental issues before”, he says.
Recently, the government called for supermarkets to introduce plastic-free passageways. But Eckersley says many customers are already way ahead of politicians. He and Nicola have helped people set up similar stores in Wales, Birmingham, and Bristol. Ingrid Caldironi had a similar idea. She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year, which has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site.
Eckersley and Caldironi are members of an anti-plastics movement in the UK that has been growing as a result of the BBC’s Blue Planet series and a general worry about the damage plastic is doing to the environment. But big supermarkets have so far not tried very hard to reduce their plastic waste. Sian Sutherland, founder of the movement “A Plastic Planet”, says, “The most exciting thing is that politicians and industry are no longer saying that recycling will solve the problem. Banning the use of plastic packaging for food and drink products is the only answer.” Walking down the passageways of the supermarket where everything from pizza to fresh fruit and vegetables is covered in plastic. Sutherland says immediate action is needed.
Plastic pollution is causing widespread global damage. More than one million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute, and most end up in landfill or the sea. The contamination is so wide that tap water around the world also contains plastic.
1. What is special about Earth. Food. Love
A. It gives away boxes of food. B. It is a store without plastic bags.
C. It has few new customers. D. It is the UK’s first supermarket.
2. What caused Caldironi’s shop to be relocated to a larger place
A. Its popularity. B. Its products. C. Its profits. D. Its similarity.
3. What does the underlined word “contamination” in last paragraph mean
A. Pollution. B. Acceptance. C. Influence. D. Application.
4. What is the text mainly about
A. The impact of BBC’s Blue Planet series on anti-plastics movements.
B. Rising anti-plastics movement alongside increasing environmental concerns.
C. A guide to setting up plastic-free stores to promote recycling in the whole UK.
D. Richard Eckersley’s personal journey in waste reduction and pollution prevention.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章以没有塑料袋的商店Earth. Food. Love为例，说明了政府和个人都在关注塑料污染问题，提倡减少使用塑料。
1. 细节理解题。根据第一段“It’s the UK’s first “zero waste” store—the food is in big jars and boxes and people bring their own containers.(这是英国第一家“零浪费”商店——食物装在大罐子和盒子里，人们自己带着容器)”以及第二段“She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year, which has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site. (去年，她在伦敦开了一家无塑料商店，这家商店非常受欢迎，很快就会搬到更大的地方)”可知，Earth. Food. Love的特别之处是一家没有塑料袋的商店。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year, which has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site. (去年，她在伦敦开了一家无塑料商店，这家商店非常受欢迎，很快就会搬到更大的地方)”可知，这家店的受欢迎程度让卡尔迪罗尼的店搬到了一个更大的地方。故选A。
3. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Plastic pollution is causing widespread global damage. More than one million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute, and most end up in landfill or the sea.(塑料污染正在造成广泛的全球破坏。世界各地每分钟售出100多万个塑料瓶，其中大多数最终被填埋或入海)”以及后文“is so wide that tap water around the world also contains plastic.”可知，塑料污染范围如此之广，以至于世界各地的自来水也含有塑料。故划线词意思是“污染”。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第二段“Recently, the government called for supermarkets to introduce plastic-free passageways. But Eckersley says many customers are already way ahead of politicians. He and Nicola have helped people set up similar stores in Wales, Birmingham, and Bristol.(最近，政府呼吁超市引入无塑料通道。但埃克斯利表示，许多消费者已经走在了政客的前面。他和尼古拉帮助人们在威尔士、伯明翰和布里斯托尔建立了类似的商店)”可知，文章以没有塑料袋的商店Earth. Food. Love为例，说明了政府和个人都在关注塑料污染问题，提倡减少使用塑料。由此可知，这篇文章的主要内容是反塑料运动的兴起以及对环境问题的日益关注。故选B。
2
The United Nations’ International Year of Soils is hardly a media favorite. Maybe it’s because many people are like me, who recall Mom’s words: “Take off your shoes! Don’t bring dirt into the house! “With all the challenges in the world today, why would we recognize soils
Simply put, soils are literally the base that humans stand on. Ignoring the importance of this meter-thick skin covering our planet is like ignoring the importance of the air we breathe.
Without healthy soils, we would not be here.
Soil provides the structure and nutrients needed to grow our food. It stores water that satisfies the thirst of the environment, agriculture and humans. It houses the largest amount of carbon (碳)on land, keeping the climate from warming even faster. It provides the necessary support for the habitat of all life on land-including diversity in the soil itself (in some regions, just a handful of soil contains microorganisms that are more than the people on Earth). In short, soil plays an essential role not only in feeding humans but in supporting the living things that produce the oxygen we breathe and purifying the water we drink. In other words, soil keeps our planet habitable.
We, therefore, must stop considering ”soil“ a dirty word and remember that the food we eat and water we drink can be traced back to it. Businesses should adopt guidelines that ensure the long term health and productivity of soil. And local and national governments should provide policies that encourage soil protection.
Soil is one of the most important resources on our planet, and we have ignored it too long-at our own risk. The most important thing that can happen is a change in mind-set that recognizes soil is not dirt. It’s life beneath our feet.
5. Why does the author mention Mom’s words
A. To criticize media.
B. To find fault with parents
C. To show a common attitude.
D. To promote International Year of Soils.
6. Paragraph 3 is mainly about the _______________ of soil.
A. roles B. types C. health D. structure
7. What is the best title for the passage
A. Soil Being in Danger
B. Making the Most of Soil
C. Unearthing the Importance of Soil
D. Healthy Soil Growing More Food
【答案】5. C 6. A 7. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们对土壤的误解，发掘土壤的重要性。
5. 推理判断题。由文章第一段“The United Nations’ International Year of Soils is hardly a media favorite. Maybe it’s because many people are like me, who recall Mom’s words : “Take off your shoes! Don’t bring dirt into the house! “With all the challenges in the world today, why would we recognize soils (媒体几乎不喜欢联合国的“国际土壤年”。也许是因为很多人都像我一样，想起妈妈的话：“脱鞋！”别把脏东西带进屋里！“面对当今世界面临的所有挑战，我们为什么要认识土壤？)”可知，作者提到妈妈的话是为了表现出人们普遍的态度。故选C。
6. 主旨大意题。由文章第三段“Without healthy soils, we would not be here. (没有健康的土壤，我们就不会在这里)”可知，第3段主要是关于土壤的作用。故选A。
7. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是由文章最后一段“Soil is one of the most important resources on our planet, and we have ignored it too long-at our own risk. The most important thing that can happen is a change in mind-set that recognizes soil is not dirt. It’s life beneath our feet. (土壤是地球上最重要的资源之一，我们忽视它太久了，后果自负。可能发生的最重要的事情是思维方式的改变，认识到土壤不是污垢。而是我们脚下的生活。)”可知，文章主要介绍了人们对土壤的误解，发掘土壤的重要性。故选C。
3
A new mobile application called Farm Assistant was developed by Wu Zeyin. Wu is 11 years old now, who moved to Botswana with his family in 2016.
During the past years living in the country, Wu found that the quantity of fruit and vegetables sold at local supermarkets was very limited and the quality was poor. Some vegetables weren’t ripe, such as small carrots and green tomatoes. They are also quite expensive. Tropical savanna (草原) and desert climates are typical in most parts of the country. This makes it difficult to grow common crops. Drought-tolerant species of corn, sorghum and beans are also uncommon.
For a long time, due to the food shortage, Botswana had to import many grains, fruits and vegetables from neighboring countries to meet the needs of its people.
In July last year, Gaborone, the capital of Botswana, successfully kicked off a pilot project to grow China’s water-saving and drought-tolerant rice. This brought Wu some new ideas on local agriculture.
The app supports eight crops commonly grown locally. These include tomatoes, potatoes, onions, corn, carrots, cabbage, eggplant and radishes. Farmers who use the application can click on the crop picture. They can see its time points of planting, watering needs, ripening time, seed price, selling price and yield. After planting the seeds, farmers click the timer to start. The application reminds them what to do at each stage.
Wu, whose invention has been moving the needle for the life of Botswana farmers, still focuses on solving agricultural problems. He quotes an old saying in China, “Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach him how to fish and he feeds himself for life. ”
8. Which can be the main reason for Botswana’s food shortage
A. Limited supplies in local markets. B. Unfavourable climate conditions.
C. Lack of advanced farming techniques. D. Frequent threats from natural disasters.
9. What does the underlined words “kicked off” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Carried out. B. Got rid of. C. Gave away. D. Took over.
10. How can Wu’s application make farmers’ work easier
A. It improves local planting environment. B. It identifies the commonly grown crops.
C. It teaches farmers when to plant the seeds. D. It provides basic information of the crops.
11. Which can best describe Wu from the last paragraph
A. Helpful and creative. B. Caring and modest.
C. Optimistic and ambitious. D. Considerate and faithful.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了吴泽银开发一款名为“农场助手”的手机应用的原因和意义等。
8. 推理判断题。由文章第二段中“Tropical savanna and desert climates are typical in most parts of the country. This makes it difficult to grow common crops. Drought-tolerant species of corn, sorghum and beans are also uncommon. (热带草原和沙漠气候是该国大部分地区的典型气候。这使得种植普通作物变得困难。耐旱的玉米、高粱和豆类品种也很少见。)”可知，Botswana粮食短缺的主要原因是不利的气候条件。故选B。
9. 词句猜测题。由文章第四段中“a pilot project to grow China’s water-saving and drought-tolerant rice. (中国节水抗旱水稻的试点项目)”可知，Botswana首都Gaborone成功实行了中国节水抗旱水稻的试点项目。A. Carried out执行，实行；B. Got rid of摆脱；C. Gave away放弃；D. Took over接管。故选A。
10. 推理判断题。由文章第五段“The app supports eight crops commonly grown locally. These include tomatoes, potatoes, onions, corn, carrots, cabbage, eggplant and radishes. Farmers who use the application can click on the crop picture. They can see its time points of planting, watering needs, ripening time, seed price, selling price and yield. After planting the seeds, farmers click the timer to start. The application reminds them what to do at each stage. (这款应用支持当地常见的八种作物。这些蔬菜包括西红柿、土豆、洋葱、玉米、胡萝卜、卷心菜、茄子和萝卜。使用该应用程序的农民可以点击农作物图片。他们可以看到它的种植时间点，浇水需求，成熟时间，种子价格，销售价格和产量。播种后，农民按下计时器开始播种。应用程序提醒他们在每个阶段要做什么。)”可知，吴的应用提供了作物的基本信息，使得农民的工作更容易。故选D。
11. 推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Wu, whose invention has been moving the needle for the life of Botswana farmers, still focuses on solving agricultural problems. He quotes an old saying in China, “Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach him how to fish and he feeds himself for life. ” (吴的发明已经改变了博茨瓦纳农民的生活，他仍然专注于解决农业问题。他引用了中国的一句古话：“授人以鱼，三餐之需；授人以渔，终生之用。”)”可知，吴乐于助人且富有创造力。故选A。
4
Consumers may soon find meat on restaurant menus that has never walked the earth—grown from cell to fillet (肉块). The product, called “cultured” or “cultivated” meat, is reaching more plates. Cultivated chicken has been sold in a Singapore restaurant since 2020, and recently the Department of Agriculture approved the sale of cultured chicken in the United States. More than 150 businesses worldwide are working to put beef, fish, and pork on the market, too.
Cultured meat begins as a cell from an egg or a piece of traditionally butchered meat. Fed with certain nutrients for two or three weeks, the meat is processed into forms that consumers are familiar with. “Initial research is in a lab, but the meat is made in a production facility.” says Josh Tetrick, CEO of Good Meat, one of the USDA-approved cultured chicken manufacturers. The company has made public their own nutrient analysis, evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration, which reveals that the nutritional profiles of their products are almost identical to conventional meats.
By alleviating the raising and killing of animals, cultured meat companies say their product helps reduce animal cruelty and will be better for the environment. Their process uses far less land because there’s no need to house animals or grow their feed. Cultured beef, especially, could reduce the number of cattle on farms-a significant source of methane emissions. However, some studies contradicted that cultured meat may also require greater energy usage than conventional production. Much of the environmental impact will depend on whether the energy used is renewable and on the efficiency of future production technology.
Given a growing consumer consciousness around animal rights and climate change, supporters foresee a future meat market where consumers will choose between different kinds of conventional meat, cultured meat, and plant-based alternatives. Approved sale of cultivated chicken in the U.S. is a landmark moment, but not yet a revolution. While cultured meat’s widespread consumption and impact on the economy seem a step closer to reality, scientists, philosophers, and the product’s own manufacturers acknowledge years of work lie ahead.
12. What’s the first paragraph mainly about
A. The official approval of meat marketing.
B. The growing popularity of meat products.
C. The increasing promotion of cultured meat.
D. The widespread consumption of cultured chicken.
13. In what way is cultured meat similar to conventional meat
A. Initial forms. B. Production efficiency.
C. Nutritional contents. D. Consumption prospect.
14. Why does the author mention cultured beef in paragraph 3
A. To explain the process of raising animals.
B. To compare cultured meat and conventional meat.
C. To emphasize the environmental benefits of cultured meat.
D. To highlight the significance of reducing methane emissions.
15. What attitude do scientists hold for the future consumption of cultured meat
A. Cautious. B. Confident. C. Doubtful. D. Worried.
【答案】12. C 13. C 14. C 15. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人造肉在全世界的推广力度越来越大，但未来还有好多工作要做。
12. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Consumers may soon find meat on restaurant menus that has never walked the earth—grown from cell to fillet（肉块）. The product, called “cultured” or “cultivated” meat, is reaching more plates. Cultivated chicken has been sold in a Singapore restaurant since 2020, and recently the Department of Agriculture approved the sale of cultured chicken in the United States.(消费者可能很快就会在餐馆的菜单上发现，从细胞到肉块从未在地球上生长过的肉，这种被称为“栽培”或“培养”肉的产品正在进入更多的盘子。自2020年以来，新加坡的一家餐馆就开始销售人造鸡，最近美国农业部批准了在美国销售人造鸡。)”可知，文章第一段主要讲了人造肉的推广力度越来越大。故选C项。
13. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The company has made public their own nutrient analysis, evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration, which reveals that the nutritional profiles of their products are almost identical to conventional meats.(该公司公布了他们自己的营养分析，经食品和药物管理局评估，结果显示他们产品的营养成分几乎与传统肉类相同。)”可知，人造肉在营养成分方面与传统肉类相似。故选C项。
14. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“By alleviating the raising and killing of animals, cultured meat companies say their product helps reduce animal cruelty and will be better for the environment. Their process uses far less land because there’s no need to house animals or grow their feed. Cultured beef, especially, could reduce the number of cattle on farms-a significant source of methane emissions(人造肉公司表示，通过减少饲养和杀害动物，他们的产品有助于减少虐待动物的行为，对环境也有好处。他们的生产过程占用的土地要少得多，因为不需要饲养动物或种植饲料。尤其是人造牛肉，可以减少农场上牛的数量——这是甲烷排放的一个重要来源)”可知，作者在第3段提到人造牛肉是为了强调培养肉的环境效益。故选C项。
15. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“While cultured meat’s widespread consumption and impact on the economy seem a step closer to reality, scientists, philosophers, and the product’s own manufacturers acknowledge years of work lie ahead.(虽然人造肉的广泛消费和对经济的影响似乎离现实更近了一步，但科学家、哲学家和该产品的制造商承认，未来还有多年的工作要做。)”可知，科学家对未来食用人造肉持谨慎态度。故选A项。
5
It’s clear that following a plant-based diet is connected with a lower risk of heart disease. There are many types of plant-based diets, and they are all related to certain foods connected with heart benefits, such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts and healthy oils. The diets have been most studied for their impact on heart health. These diets are rich in vitamins and minerals that help lower blood pressure, reduce the risk of diabetes (糖尿病) and keep a healthy weight, all of which can lower your risk of heart disease.
Yet, the types of plant foods and their sources are also important. For example, white rice and white bread are plant-based foods, so you would think they’re good to eat. But they are highly processed, and so are depleted of many heart-healthy nutrients (营养) and have enough sugar, which means they can make blood sugar levels rise sharply and increase hunger, leading to overeating. Drinking 100% fruit juice is not the same as eating the whole fruit, since juices can be high in sugar.
Do you really have to cut out all meat for your heart’s health Which animal foods could have an impact on heart health Some research has shown that the type and amount matter most. A 2014 study showed that men aged 45 to 79 who ate 75 grams or more per day of processed red meat, like cold cuts, sausage, bacon and hot dogs, had a 28% higher risk of heart failure than those who ate less than 25 grams. However, a study in the January 2017 found that eating 85 grams of unprocessed red meat, three times per week, did not worsen blood pressure.
What is the right plant-based diet for you “For many men, this may be a matter of bettering their current foods,” says Dr. Satija, a researcher from American College of Cardiology.
16. From the first two paragraphs, we know that plant-based diets ________.
A. benefit heart health B. increase hunger C. lead to overweight D. contain enough sugar
17. What do the underlined words “depleted of’’ in paragraph 2 mean
A. Added to. B. Short of. C. Filled with. D. Rooted in.
18. Why does the author list numbers in paragraph 3
A. To prove the result believable. B. To attract readers’ attention.
C. To show the process clearly. D. To make the study popular.
19. What might the author continue talking about
A. Risks of animal foods. B. Disadvantages of plant-based diets.
C. Changes of eating habits. D. Effects of heart-healthy diets.
【答案】16. A 17. B 18. A 19. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了遵循植物性饮食可以降低心脏病风险，不过需要注意这种饮食中食物的种类和来源，同时在注意种类和量的情况下，摄入动物性食物对心脏健康并没有影响。
16. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“It’s clear that following a plant-based diet is connected with a lower risk of heart disease. There are many types of plant-based diets, and they are all related to certain foods connected with heart benefits, such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts and healthy oils. (很明显，遵循植物性饮食与较低的心脏病风险有关。植物性饮食有很多种，它们都与某些对心脏有益的食物有关，比如全谷物、水果、蔬菜、坚果和健康的油)”可知，植物性饮食可以降低心脏病风险，对心脏健康有益。故选A项。
17. 词句猜测题。根据画线短语的上文“For example, white rice and white bread are plant-based foods, so you would think they’re good to eat. But they are highly processed (例如，白米饭和白面包是植物性食物，所以你会认为吃它们会很好。但它们是经过高度加工的)”和下文“have enough sugar, which means they can make blood sugar levels rise sharply and increase hunger, leading to overeating (含有足够的糖，这意味着它们会使血糖水平急剧上升，增加饥饿感，导致暴饮暴食)”可知，此处用白米饭和白面包举例，说明这类看似吃起来会很好的食物实际上因经过高度加工而不利于健康。由此推知，这类食物已经“失去”了许多对心脏有益的营养，depleted of意思应该是“失去，没有”，与short of“缺乏”意思相近。故选B项。
18. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Some research has shown that the type and amount matter most. A 2014 study showed that men aged 45 to 79 who ate 75 grams or more per day of processed red meat, like cold cuts, sausage, bacon and hot dogs, had a 28% higher risk of heart failure than those who ate less than 25 grams. However, a study in the January 2017 found that eating 85 grams of unprocessed red meat, three times per week, did not worsen blood pressure. (一些研究表明，食物的种类和数量最重要。2014年的一项研究表明，年龄在45岁至79岁之间的男性每天吃75克或更多的加工红肉，如冷盘、香肠、培根和热狗，患心力衰竭的风险比吃不到25克的人高28%。然而，2017年1月的一项研究发现，每周吃三次85克未加工的红肉并不会使血压恶化)”可知，此处是用2014年和2017年的研究结果来证实“对于动物性食物是否会对心脏健康产生影响，取决于食物的种类和数量”的观点。因此，作者提及具体的数字可以证明结果是可信的，从而加强观点的客观性。故选A项。
19. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“What is the right plant-based diet for you “For many men, this may be a matter of bettering their current foods,” says Dr. Satija, a researcher from American College of Cardiology. (什么是适合你的植物性饮食？美国心脏病学会的研究员Satija博士说：“对许多人来说，这可能是改善他们目前的食物。”)”可知，本段建议通过改善目前的食物来找到适合自己的植物性饮食。由此推知，接下来作者可能会介绍饮食习惯的改变。故选C项。
6
August 24, 2023 may be imprinted in history as the day of disaster for the marine environment. Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida has asked Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), the operator of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, to release nuclear wastewater into the ocean from Thursday, ignoring strong objections from both home and abroad.
It will be a public crime if the discharge goes through and the decision will prove to be extremely unrewarding. The international community can hold Japan accountable indefinitely.
According to Paris-based French TV network France 24, some 1.34 million tonnes of nuclear wastewater, equivalent to almost the water in 540 Olympic pools, will be released into the ocean off Japan’s northeast coast, at a maximum rate of 500 cubic meters per day. The whole process is expected to take 30 to 40 years and cost around eight trillion yen (55 billion USD).
Junichi Matsumoto, the TEPCO executive in charge of the water release, told the Associated Press in July that the company plans to release 7,800 tonnes of treated water for 17 days in the first round. By the end of March 2024, the aim is to release 31,200 tonnes. The pace is expected to pick up later.
Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Sun Weidong asked the Japanese ambassador to China Hideo Tarumi on August 22 to meet him and make serious representations over the Japanese government’s announcement that it would start releasing nuclear-contaminated water on August 24.
Sun said the Fukushima nuclear accident is one of the world’s most serious nuclear accidents to date, resulting in the release of a large amount of radioactive material, which has far-reaching implications for the marine environment, food safety, and human health.
“The ocean is the blue home that all humanity depends on for survival, and the Japanese side should not dump nuclear-contaminated water at will,” Sun said.
20. Who did Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida ask to release nuclear wastewater into the ocean
A. Spokesperson Wang Wenbin.
B. The TEPCO executive Junichi Matsumoto.
C. Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Sun Weidong.
D. The operator of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.
21. Except for the amount released in the first round, how many tonnes of treated water will be released into the ocean by the end of March 2024
A. 1.34 million tonnes. B. 7,800 tonnes.
C. 2,3400 tonnes. D. 31,200 tonnes.
22. What does Sun Weidong say about the Fukushima nuclear accident
A. It has no implications for the marine environment.
B. Has no implications for food safety and human health.
C. It is one of the most serious nuclear accidents in history.
D. It resulted in the release of a small amount of radioactive material.
23. Where is this text probably taken from
A. A research paper. B. A newspaper report.
C. A business report. D. A geography textbook.
【答案】20. D 21. C 22. C 23. B
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了2023年8月24日，日本开始将核废水排放到海洋中。文章介绍了排放的数量以及相关人员对此的看法。
20. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida has asked Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), the operator of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, to release nuclear wastewater into the ocean from Thursday, ignoring strong objections from both home and abroad.(日本首相岸田文雄不顾国内外的强烈反对，要求福岛第一核电站运营商东京电力公司（TEPCO）从周四开始将核废水排放到海洋中)”可知，日本首相岸田文雄要求福岛第一核电站的运营者将核废水排放到海洋中。故选D。
21. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Junichi Matsumoto, the TEPCO executive in charge of the water release, told the Associated Press in July that the company plans to release 7,800 tonnes of treated water for 17 days in the first round. By the end of March 2024, the aim is to release 31,200 tonnes.(东京电力公司负责污水排放的主管Junichi Matsumoto在7月告诉美联社，公司计划在第一轮排放7800吨污水，持续17天。到2024年3月底，目标是释放31200吨)”可知，除了第一轮排放的量外，到2024年3月底，将有31200－7800=23400吨处理后的水被排放到海洋中。故选C。
22. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Sun said the Fukushima nuclear accident is one of the world’s most serious nuclear accidents to date, resulting in the release of a large amount of radioactive material, which has far-reaching implications for the marine environment, food safety, and human health.(孙说，福岛核事故是迄今为止世界上最严重的核事故之一，导致大量放射性物质泄漏，对海洋环境、食品安全和人体健康产生深远影响)”可知，孙卫东认为福岛核事故是历史上最严重的核事故之一。故选C。
23. 推理判断题。根据第一段“August 24, 2023 may be imprinted in history as the day of disaster for the marine environment. Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida has asked Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), the operator of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, to release nuclear wastewater into the ocean from Thursday, ignoring strong objections from both home and abroad.( 2023年8月24日可能会作为海洋环境灾难之日被载入史册。日本首相岸田文雄不顾国内外的强烈反对，要求福岛第一核电站运营商东京电力公司（TEPCO）从周四开始将核废水排放到海洋中)”结合文章主要说明了2023年8月24日，日本开始将核废水排放到海洋中。文章介绍了排放的数量以及相关人员对此的看法。由此推知，文章可能选自一篇新闻报道。故选B。
7
Is It Worth Buying Organic Food
Organic food, grown without artificial chemicals, is increasingly popular nowadays. Consumers have been willing to pay up to twice as much for goods with organic labels (标签). However, if you think paying a little more for organic food gets you a more nutritious (有营养的) and safer product, you might want to save your money. A study led by researchers at Stanford University says that organic products aren’t necessarily more nutritious, and they’re no less likely to suffer from disease-causing bacteria, either.
The latest results, published in the Annuals of Internal Medicine, suggest that buyers may be wasting their money. “We did not find strong evidence that organic food is more nutritious or healthier,” says Dr. Crystal Smith-Spangler from Stanford. “So consumers shouldn’t assume that one type of food has a lower risk or is safer.”
For their new study, Smith-Spangler and her colleagues conducted a review of two categories of research, including 17 studies that compared health outcomes between consumers of organic against traditional food products, and 223 studies that analyzed the nutritional content of the foods, including key vitamins, minerals and fats.
While the researchers found little difference in nutritional content, they did find that organic fruit and vegetables were 20% less likely to have chemicals remaining on the surfaces. Neither organic nor traditional foods showed levels of chemicals high enough to go beyond food safety standards. And both organic and traditional meats, such as chicken and pork, were equally likely to be harmed by bacteria at very low rates. The researchers did find that organic milk and chicken contained higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids, a healthy fat also found in fish that can reduce the risk of heart disease. However, these nutritional differences were too small, and the researchers were unwilling to make much of them until further studies confirm the trends.
Organic food is produced with fewer chemicals and more natural-growing practices, but that doesn’t always translate into a more nutritious or healthier product. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) states that “Whether you buy organic or not, finding the freshest foods available may have the biggest effect on taste.” Fresh food is at least as good as anything marketed as organic.
24. The new research questions whether organic food ________.
A. should replace traditional food
B. has been overpriced by farmers
C. is grown with less harmful chemicals
D. is really more nutritious and healthier
25. Smith Spangler and her colleagues found that ________.
A. organic food could reduce the risk of heart disease
B. traditional food was grown with more natural methods
C. both organic and traditional food they examined were safe
D. there was not a presence of any forms of bacteria in organic food
26. Which of the following is relatively healthier according to the passage
A. Organic chicken and pork.
B. Organic milk and chicken.
C. Traditional chicken and pork.
D. Traditional fruit and vegetables.
27. What is the author’s attitude toward organic food
A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Unconcerned. D. Approving.
【答案】24. D 25. C 26. B 27. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍说明了有机食品不一定是更有营养、更健康这一事实，告诉人们没有必要一定要多花钱购买有机食物。
24. 细节理解题。由第二段““We did not find strong evidence that organic food is more nutritious or healthier,” says Dr. Crystal Smith-Spangler from Stanford.(“我们没有发现强有力的证据表明有机食品更有营养或更健康，”斯坦福大学的Crystal Smith-Spangler说。)”可知，这项研究质疑有机食品更有营养更健康，故选D。
25. 细节理解题。由第四段“Neither organic nor traditional foods showed levels of chemicals high enough to go beyond food safety standards.(有机食品和传统食品的化学物质含量都没有高到超出食品安全标准的程度。)”可知，他们所检查的有机和传统食物都是安全可食用的，故选C。
26. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The researchers did find that organic milk and chicken contained higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids, a health y fat also found in fish that can reduce the risk of heart disease.(研究人员确实发现，有机牛奶和鸡肉含有更高水平的omega-3脂肪酸，这种健康的脂肪也存在于鱼类中，可以降低患心脏病的风险。)”可知，有机牛奶和鸡肉相对健康。故选B。
27. 推理判断题。 由第四段“However, these nutritional differences were too small(然而，这些营养差异太小了)”以及最后一段最后一句“Fresh food is at least as good as anything marketed as organic.(新鲜食品至少和市场上宣传的有机食品一样好。)”可知，作者认为没有必要一定要多花钱买有机食物，因此作者对有机食品的态度是怀疑的，故选A。
8
Labeling can be very helpful when determining certain things about a food item. “USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) Organic” and “raised without antibiotics (抗生素)”, for example, have specific standards, and the product will need to be true to those claims.
Natural claims like “all natural”, “100% natural”, and “made with natural ingredients (成分)” are not defined in USDA. The USDA must approve these special claims prior to food being sold, but the only standard they must meet is that artificial ingredients or colors cannot be added during processing, and the processing method cannot fundamentally alter the product. While that is certainly valuable information to know, the problem is in consumers’ understanding of what “natural” means. The definitions do not address human health, the use of synthetic pesticides (合成杀虫剂), hormones, or antibiotics in crop and livestock production.
Study after study on the topic reveals that people think a product labeled as “natural” delivers benefits far beyond what it does. Most consumers mistakenly assign health and environmental benefits to natural-labeled food.
In a 2017 study, respondents incorrectly believed that natural-labeled foods had 18 percent fewer calories across a variety of foods. In a 2010 study, respondents believed that meat products labeled as “all natural” meant no antibiotics or hormones were used to raise the animals. Some also believed the label meant animals were raised free range.
Consumers aren’t getting what they think they’re getting. But the more serious problem is how this harms food producers who are actually meeting the standards for more strict labels that are actually doing good, like ones around organic practices or animal welfare. Farmers and producers doing the work end up at a competitive disadvantage in the marketplace if consumers treat foods labeled natural as alike. The economic problem raised by natural labels is that consumers could be paying extra for product benefits they are not receiving while producers of products with those benefits lose sales.
28. Which of the following is undefined by authorities
A. USDA organic. B. All natural.
C. Artificial color free. D. Raised without antibiotics.
29. What mistake may a consumer make according to the text
A. Being unaware of food safety.
B. Paying more on over-processed food.
C. Buying food failing to meet the USDA standards.
D. Misunderstanding what is claimed on a food label.
30. Why are the two studies mentioned in paragraph 4
A. To advocate sensible consumer behavior.
B. To suggest a possible solution to a problem.
C. To provide evidence for the author’s point of view.
D. To demonstrate how far studies on food safety have gone.
31. What is a consequence of the problem discussed in the text
A. Wasting resources. B. A market crash.
C. Cheating. D. Unfairness.
【答案】28. B 29. D 30. C 31. D
【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了食品标签对消费者和生产者的影响。
28. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Natural claims like “all natural”, “100% natural”, and “made with natural ingredients(成分)” are not defined in USDA.(像“全天然”、“100%天然”和“天然成分”这样的天然说法在美国农业部没有定义。)”可知，选项B“All natural(纯天然的)” 是权威机构未定义的。故选B。
29. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Study after study on the topic reveals that people think a product labeled as “natural” delivers benefits far beyond what it does. Most consumers mistakenly assign health and environmental benefits to natural-labeled food.(关于这个话题的一项又一项研究表明，人们认为标有“天然”的产品所带来的好处远远超过它的作用。大多数消费者错误地认为天然食品对健康和环境有益。)”以及第四段“In a 2017 study, respondents incorrectly believed that natural-labeled foods had 18 percent fewer calories across a variety of foods.(在2017年的一项研究中，受访者错误地认为，在各种食物中，天然标签食品的卡路里含量减少了18%。)”可知，消费者可能会误解食品标签上的内容。故选D。
30. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“In a 2017 study, respondents incorrectly believed that natural-labeled foods had 18 percent fewer calories across a variety of foods. In a 2010 study, respondents believed that meat products labeled as “all natural” meant no antibiotics or hormones were used to raise the animals. Some also believed the label meant animals were raised free range.(在2017年的一项研究中，受访者错误地认为，在各种食物中，天然标签食品的卡路里含量减少了18%。在2010年的一项研究中，受访者认为，标有“全天然”的肉制品意味着没有使用抗生素或激素来饲养动物。一些人还认为，这个标签意味着动物是在自由放养的。)”可推测，第四段的两项研究都是为了论证作者在第三段提到的观点“Study after study on the topic reveals that people think a product labeled as “natural” delivers benefits far beyond what it does. Most consumers mistakenly assign health and environmental benefits to natural-labeled food.(关于这个话题的一项又一项研究表明，人们认为标有“天然”的产品所带来的好处远远超过它的作用。大多数消费者错误地认为天然食品对健康和环境有益。)”。故选C。
31. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Consumers aren’t getting what they think they’re getting. But the more serious problem is how this harms food producers who are actually meeting the standards for more strict labels that are actually doing good, like ones around organic practices or animal welfare. Farmers and producers doing the work end up at a competitive disadvantage in the marketplace if consumers treat foods labeled natural as alike. The economic problem raised by natural labels is that consumers could be paying extra for product benefits they are not receiving while producers of products with those benefits lose sales.(消费者并没有得到他们认为得到的东西。但更严重的问题是，这对那些实际上符合更严格标签标准的食品生产商造成了怎样的伤害，这些生产商实际上是在做好事，比如围绕有机实践或动物福利的食品生产商。如果消费者把标着“天然”的食品当成一样对待，那么从事这项工作的农民和生产者最终会在市场上处于竞争劣势。天然标签带来的经济问题是，消费者可能会为他们没有得到的产品好处支付额外的费用，而拥有这些好处的产品的生产商则会失去销售。)”可知，这一问题造成的更严重的问题是，这对那些实际上符合更严格标签标准的食品生产商处于竞争劣势，即不公平。故选D。
二、七选五
Different Approaches to Reducing Food Waste
Food plays a key role in people’s life. While many people in poor communities suffer from a shortage of food, a large amount of food is wasted in the rest of the world. 32 Here are some tips on how to reduce food waste.
Learn to store food. Not sure how to keep those greens from wilting overnight
Can’t keep your tomatoes fresh for more than a day or two Do your research on food storage and you’ll get the rewards. Not sure where to start 33
Use it all. 34 For example, leave the skin on carrots and potatoes (The skins actually have a ton of valuable nutrients!), save the beet greens for a salad, and don’t throw away the outer skin of oranges!
35 Many fruits and vegetables are thrown away because they aren’t “pretty” enough. Buying food that comes in a different shape, size or colour helps use up food that might be given up.
Understand best-before dates correctly. People often confuse best-before dates with expiry dates. The best-before date has nothing to do with the safety of the food. 36 So while the taste may not be that good, many food items are still safe to eat for many days beyond the best-before date.
A. Pick the “funny looking” food.
B. This will save you time in the long run.
C. Check out Local Produce Storage Guide online.
D. Keep a “need to eat” list everyday in your daily life.
E. Therefore, food waste is a serious problem that needs our attention.
F. It refers to flavour and nutritional value, which is of great help to your body.
G. You often remove a part of whatever food you’ re cooking with, but often those food items can be saved.
【答案】32. E 33. C 34. G 35. A 36. F
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些减少食物浪费的好方法。
32. 上文“While many people in poor communities suffer from a shortage of food, a large amount of food is wasted in the rest of the world.(虽然贫困社区的许多人遭受食物短缺，但世界其他地区却浪费了大量食物)”说明食物分配不均及浪费严重的现象，E项“Therefore, food waste is a serious problem that needs our attention.(因此，食物浪费是一个需要我们重视的严重问题)”承接上文说明食物浪费是一个需要我们重视的问题。并且引出下文“Here are some tips on how to reduce food waste.(这里有一些关于如何减少食物浪费的建议)”减少食物浪费的建议，衔接恰当。故选E项。
33. 上文“Can’t keep your tomatoes fresh for more than a day or two Do your research on food storage and you’ll get the rewards. Not sure where to start (不能让你的西红柿保持新鲜超过一两天 在食物储存方面做些研究，你会得到回报的。不知道从哪里开始？)”说明了学习食物储存的重要性。C项“Check out Local Produce Storage Guide online.(在线查看本地产品存储指南)”构成上文“Not sure where to start ”的答案，衔接恰当。故选C项。
34. 下文“For example, leave the skin on carrots and potatoes (The skins actually have a ton of valuable nutrients!), save the beet greens for a salad, and don’t throw away the outer skin of oranges!(例如，把胡萝卜和土豆的皮留下(皮实际上有大量宝贵的营养！)，把甜菜叶留作沙拉，不要扔掉橙子的外皮！)”说明了平时我们使用食材时不用的那些外皮其实都是可以使用的。G项“You often remove a part of whatever food you’ re cooking with, but often those food items can be saved.(你经常会把正在烹饪的食物的一部分去掉，但通常这些食物是可以保存下来的)”可概括下文举例的内容，并照应上文“Use it all.(全部用完)”，将食材物尽其用，不要浪费，衔接恰当。故选G项。
35. 下文“Many fruits and vegetables are thrown away because they aren’t “pretty” enough. Buying food that comes in a different shape, size or colour helps use up food that might be given up.(许多水果和蔬菜因为不够“漂亮”而被扔掉。购买不同形状、大小或颜色的食物有助于消耗掉可能被丢弃的食物)”说明作者建议购买那些不够“漂亮”的食物，有助于减少它们被丢弃的可能性。A项“Pick the “funny looking” food.(选择“看起来滑稽”的食物)”可总结本段内容。故选A项。
36. 上文“The best-before date has nothing to do with the safety of the food.(最佳食用日期与食品的安全性无关)”指出了最佳食用日期与食品的安全性没有关系，F项“It refers to flavour and nutritional value, which is of great help to your body.(它指的是味道和营养价值，这对你的身体有很大的帮助)”衔接上文，具体解释最佳食用日期的含义，并引出下文“So while the taste may not be that good, many food items are still safe to eat for many days beyond the best-before date.(因此，虽然味道可能不那么好，但许多食品在超过最佳食用日期后的许多天内仍然可以安全食用)”进一步说明最佳食用日期与食品的安全性没有关系。故选F项。
三、完形填空
When you’re shopping at the grocery store, you probably expect that olive oil you see came from olives, and that the organic vegetables were never exposed to poisonous chemicals. Increasingly, however, there is a chance you might be 37 . In recent years, there has been an increase in reports of so-called food fraud, or attempts by various entities—to alter products and 38 customers and food companies alike for financial gain (though occasionally the companies are complicit (同伙). Among the more recent 39 : “natural ” honey that’s been laced with antibiotics (抗生素) and Italian companies selling “Italian olive oil” from a mixture of oils that did not originate from Italy.
How can this 40 In the U.S., the Pure Food and Drug Act has prevented the “manufacture, sale or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or harmful foods” since 1906, and similar laws exist in other countries. But most global food regulators, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, aren’t equipped to 41 them effectively. For the most part, they 42 safety standards—ensuring that foods don’t contain bacteria or viruses—and rely on companies to police the quality of their own ingredients, lest they face consumer opposition. But now that food manufacturing has become globalized, supply chains are 43 , creating more opportunities for bad actors to mess around. “Anyone who can 44 substituting cheap ingredients for more expensive ones is going to try,” says Marion Nestle, who teaches nutrition, food studies and public health at New York University.
Governments are starting 45 . In 2014, the UK. created a food-crime unit that collects reports of food fraud. The Institute for Global Food Security lab in Belfast tests 46 sent in by people worried about fraud—a process that’s easier than ever, thanks to advances in technology. And there are efforts in the U.K., the U.S. and China, among other nations, to increase the punishments for companies that get caught selling shady foods.
But in order to 47 fraud in the first place, the food industry needs to get better at safeguarding its own production network. So the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI)—a trade group consisting of officials from more than 300 food manufacturers—will this year start 48 its members’ supply chains, from field to table, to identify fraud. Meanwhile, dozens of other food-industry experts recently teamed up with academics from Michigan State University to launch the Food Fraud Initiative (FFI), a group that studies fraudsters— 49 , how they avoid safeguards—and then advises food companies on how to keep them away. “There are plenty of 50 out there who are going to wake up and look for some opportunity for fraud,” says John Spink, director of the FFI. “We just need to make ourselves a harder 51 .”
37. A. lucky B. wrong C. curious D. illegal
38. A. mislead B. astonish C. misunderstand D. assemble
39. A. booms B. examples C. recoveries D. trends
40. A. cease B. last C. happen D. progress
41. A. reveal B. follow C. enforce D. forget
42. A. agree with B. respond to C. substitute for D. focus on
43. A. longer B. riskier C. more stable D. more selective
44. A. hold on to B. look down on C. get away with D. make up for
45. A. take off B. keep up C. set aside D. fight back
46. A. attempts B. reports C. nutrients D. products
47. A. prevent B. cover C. suspect D. charge
48. A. affecting B. inspecting C. combining D. supporting
49. A. symbolically B. specifically C. respectively D. resourcefully
50. A. institutions B. consumers C. criminals D. sponsors
51. A. target B. issue C. choice D. technique
【答案】
37. B 38. A 39. B 40. C 41. C 42. D 43. A 44. C 45. D 46. D 47. A 48. B 49. B 50. C 51. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国食品行业存在的欺诈行为以及人们和这些欺诈行为做斗争所采取的措施。
37. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，越来越有可能你错了。A. lucky幸运的；B. wrong错误的；C. curious好奇的；D. illegal不合法的。根据下文“reports of so-called food fraud”可知，会出现食品欺诈，所以你的想法的是错的，故选B。
38. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：近年来，有关所谓食品欺诈的报道越来越多，即各种实体试图改变产品，误导顾客和食品公司以获取经济利益。A. mislead误导；B. 使吃惊，震惊；C. misunderstand误解；D. assemble集合；装配。根据上文“Italian companies selling “Italian olive oil” from a mixture of oils that did not originate from Italy”可知，虚假的宣传确实会是误导客户，故选A。
39. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：最近的例子包括：掺有抗生素的“天然？”蜂蜜，意大利公司销售的“意大利橄榄油”由非意大利原产的混合油制成。A. booms繁荣；B. examples实例；C. recoveries恢复；D. trends趋势。根据下文的“Italian olive oil”可知，这是最近众多例子中的一个，故选B。
40. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这怎么会发生？A. cease停止；B. last持续；C. happen发生；D. progress进步。it指代的是上文提到的“食品欺诈”，下文要开始探究其“发生的原因”，故选C。
41. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但包括美国食品药品监督管理局在内的大多数全球食品监管机构都没有能力有效执行这些规定。A. reveal揭示；B. follow跟随；C. enforce执行；D. forget忘记。根据下文的“them”指代的是“the Pure Food and Drug Act”可知，是“执行规定”，故选C。
42. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：在大多数情况下，他们专注于安全标准——确保食品不含细菌或病毒——并依靠公司监督自己原料的质量，以免面临消费者的反对。A. agree with同意；B. respond to回应；C. substitute for代替；D. focus on专注于。根据下文的动词“ensuring”和“rely on”可知，他们是专注于安全标准的，故选D。
43. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但现在食品制造业已经全球化，供应链更长，为不良行为者创造了更多的机会。A. longer较长的；B. riskier风险较高的；C. more stable更稳定的；D. more selective更有选择性。根据前文“food manufacturing has become globalized”可知，食品制造业全球化了，这就会导致食品的供应链变得更长，故选A。
44. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：纽约大学教授营养、食品研究和公共卫生的Marion Nestle说：“任何能摆脱以好充次惩罚的人都会尝试。”A. hold on to保存；保留；坚持；B. look down on看不起；C. get away with（做坏事而）未受惩罚；应付过去；D. make up for弥补。因为这样做经济利润巨大，那么他一定会这样做，故选C。
45. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：政府开始反击。A. take off起飞；B. keep up保持；C. set aside留出；D. fight back反击。根据下文“In 2014, the UK. created a food-crime unit”可知，政府开始成立专门的部门，这就是为了打击犯罪，故选D。
46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：贝尔法斯特的全球粮食安全研究所实验室对担心欺诈的人送来的产品进行了测试——由于技术的进步，这一过程比以往任何时候都更容易。A. attempts尝试；B. reports报告；报道；C. nutrients营养素；D. products产品。根据下文“shady foods”可知，检查食物产品，故选D。
47. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但为了从一开始就防止欺诈，食品行业需要更好地保护自己的生产网络。A. prevent防止；B. cover盖；C. suspect怀疑；D. charge给……充电；起诉。根据上文“increase the punishments for companies that get caught selling shady foods”可知，加大对销售不正当食品的公司的惩罚力度，这是为了预防食物欺诈，故选A。
48. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，全球食品安全倡议（GFSI）——一个由300多家食品制造商的官员组成的贸易组织——今年将开始检查其成员从现场到餐桌的供应链，以识别欺诈行为。A. affecting影响；B. inspecting检查；C. combining组合；D。supporting支持。根据上文“from field to table, to identify fraud”可知，这一系列的行为是为了防止食物欺诈，则应该是需要检查食物链，故选B。
49. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，数十名其他食品行业专家最近与密歇根州立大学的学者合作，发起了食品欺诈倡议（FFI），该组织研究欺诈者，特别是他们如何避免安全措施，然后建议食品公司如何让他们远离。A. symbolically象征性地；B. specifically特别是；C. respectively分别为；D. resourcefully足智多谋。根据上文“发起了食品欺诈倡议（FFI），该组织研究欺诈者”可知，他们开始研究欺诈者，而“how they avoid safeguards”是特别重要的一项，故选B。
50. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：外国金融机构负责人John Spink表示：“有很多罪犯会活跃起来，寻找诈骗的机会。”A. institutions机构；B. consumers消费者；C. criminals罪犯；D. sponsors赞助商。根据下文的“who are going to wake up and look for some opportunity for fraud”可知，此处指的是进行食物欺诈的人，就是罪犯，故选C。
51. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我们只需要让自己成为更难对付的目标。”。A. target目标；B. issue问题；C. choice选择；D. technique技巧。根据上文“There are plenty of criminals out there who are going to wake up and look for some opportunity for fraud”可知，为了让别人很难骗到自己，我们需要提升对方欺诈的难度，让自己成为更难的目标。故选A。
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A netizen made a post suggesting a more scientific index for spiciness in hot pot. The Sichuan Hot Pot Association responded that the suggestion was good and they are preparing 52 plan.
Yan Long,president of the association,stated that the spiciness of hot pot can indeed be measured, 53 (use)professional measuring tools. Currently, the association is researching a standardized grading system for the spiciness.
Eating spicy food can produce a 54 (various)of physiological reactions,like a tingling in the tongue and lips, as well as sweating, said David Julius, a physiologist at the University of California, San Francisco.“We all enjoy sensory experiences; spicy foods make life more 55 (appeal),“he said. But not all of the potential responses are welcome,even for those 56 enjoy the taste. Spicy food lovers are likely to be familiar 57 one immediate physical reaction—sweating.
Generally speaking,eating spicy food in moderation is 58 (safety)for people who don’t already have stomach issues. 59 (study)have shown that consuming spicy foods can be associated with some health benefits. For example, one study found 60 (take) a daily supplement of chili pepper speeded up metabolism,and that the participants 61 (burn)extra 200 calories per day over a 14-week period.
【答案】
52. a 53. using 54. variety 55. appealing 56. who 57. with 58. safe 59. Studies 60. taking 61. burned
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一个网友建议在火锅中使用更科学的辣度指数的帖子，四川火锅协会回应表示这个建议很好，他们正在准备相关计划。
52. 考查冠词。句意：四川省火锅协会回应说，这个建议很好，他们正在准备一个方案。根据句意可知，空处表示“一个”，故填a。
53. 考查现在分词。句意：协会会长闫龙表示，火锅的辣度确实可以用专业的量具来衡量。分析句子结构可知，空处应为动名词做方式状语，故填using。
54. 考查名词。句意：吃辛辣食物会产生各种生理反应，比如舌头和嘴唇刺痛，以及出汗，加州大学旧金山分校的生理学家大卫朱利叶斯说。a variety of为固定短语，表示“各种各样的”，故填variety。
55. 考查形容词比较级。句意：“我们都喜欢感官体验：辛辣食物使生活更具吸引力，”他说。根据空前more可知，空处应为形容词比较级，appeal的形容词为appealing，故填appealing。
56. 考查定语从句。句意：但并非所有的潜在反应都是受欢迎的，即使对于那些喜欢这种味道的人来说也是如此。分析句子结构可知，空前those为先行词，指人，空处做主语，故填who。
57. 考查介词。句意：但并非所有的潜在反应都是受欢迎的，即使对于那些喜欢这种味道的人来说也是如此。be familiar with表示“受……的欢迎”为固定短语，故填with。
58. 考查形容词。句意：一般来说，适量吃辛辣食物对还没有胃病的人来说是安全的。分析句子结构可知空处应为形容词做表语，故填safe。
59. 考查主谓一致。句意：研究表明，食用辛辣食物可能与一些健康益处有关。根据空后have可知主语为复数，故填Studies。
60. 考查现在分词。考查句意：例如，一项研究发现，每天服用辣椒补充剂可以加速新陈代谢，参与者在14周内每天额外燃烧200卡路里的热量。分析句子结构可知，participants与take之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，故填taking。
61. 考查时态。句意：例如，一项研究发现，每天服用辣椒补充剂可以加速新陈代谢，参与者在14周内每天额外燃烧200卡路里的热量。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处是that从句的谓语动词，由上文的found和speeded可知，that从句也应该用一般过去时。故填burned。04.食品安全
一、阅读理解
1
In the past few weeks, Richard Eckersley has noticed a change in the type of people who come into his shop. In 2017, the former Manchester United footballer set up Earth. Food. Love in Tones, Devon, with his wife, Nicola. It’s the UK’s first “zero waste” store—the food is in big jars and boxes and people bring their own containers. “A lot of new people are coming in-people who have not necessarily been interested in environmental issues before”, he says.
Recently, the government called for supermarkets to introduce plastic-free passageways. But Eckersley says many customers are already way ahead of politicians. He and Nicola have helped people set up similar stores in Wales, Birmingham, and Bristol. Ingrid Caldironi had a similar idea. She set up a plastic-free shop in London last year, which has been so popular that it is soon moving to a bigger site.
Eckersley and Caldironi are members of an anti-plastics movement in the UK that has been growing as a result of the BBC’s Blue Planet series and a general worry about the damage plastic is doing to the environment. But big supermarkets have so far not tried very hard to reduce their plastic waste. Sian Sutherland, founder of the movement “A Plastic Planet”, says, “The most exciting thing is that politicians and industry are no longer saying that recycling will solve the problem. Banning the use of plastic packaging for food and drink products is the only answer.” Walking down the passageways of the supermarket where everything from pizza to fresh fruit and vegetables is covered in plastic. Sutherland says immediate action is needed.
Plastic pollution is causing widespread global damage. More than one million plastic bottles are bought around the world every minute, and most end up in landfill or the sea. The contamination is so wide that tap water around the world also contains plastic.
1. What is special about Earth. Food. Love
A. It gives away boxes of food. B. It is a store without plastic bags.
C. It has few new customers. D. It is the UK’s first supermarket.
2. What caused Caldironi’s shop to be relocated to a larger place
A. Its popularity. B. Its products. C. Its profits. D. Its similarity.
3. What does the underlined word “contamination” in last paragraph mean
A. Pollution. B. Acceptance. C. Influence. D. Application.
4. What is the text mainly about
A. The impact of BBC’s Blue Planet series on anti-plastics movements.
B. Rising anti-plastics movement alongside increasing environmental concerns.
C. A guide to setting up plastic-free stores to promote recycling in the whole UK.
D. Richard Eckersley’s personal journey in waste reduction and pollution prevention.
2
The United Nations’ International Year of Soils is hardly a media favorite. Maybe it’s because many people are like me, who recall Mom’s words: “Take off your shoes! Don’t bring dirt into the house! “With all the challenges in the world today, why would we recognize soils
Simply put, soils are literally the base that humans stand on. Ignoring the importance of this meter-thick skin covering our planet is like ignoring the importance of the air we breathe.
Without healthy soils, we would not be here.
Soil provides the structure and nutrients needed to grow our food. It stores water that satisfies the thirst of the environment, agriculture and humans. It houses the largest amount of carbon (碳)on land, keeping the climate from warming even faster. It provides the necessary support for the habitat of all life on land-including diversity in the soil itself (in some regions, just a handful of soil contains microorganisms that are more than the people on Earth). In short, soil plays an essential role not only in feeding humans but in supporting the living things that produce the oxygen we breathe and purifying the water we drink. In other words, soil keeps our planet habitable.
We, therefore, must stop considering ”soil“ a dirty word and remember that the food we eat and water we drink can be traced back to it. Businesses should adopt guidelines that ensure the long term health and productivity of soil. And local and national governments should provide policies that encourage soil protection.
Soil is one of the most important resources on our planet, and we have ignored it too long-at our own risk. The most important thing that can happen is a change in mind-set that recognizes soil is not dirt. It’s life beneath our feet.
5. Why does the author mention Mom’s words
A. To criticize media.
B. To find fault with parents
C. To show a common attitude.
D. To promote International Year of Soils.
6. Paragraph 3 is mainly about the _______________ of soil.
A. roles B. types C. health D. structure
7. What is the best title for the passage
A. Soil Being in Danger
B. Making the Most of Soil
C. Unearthing the Importance of Soil
D. Healthy Soil Growing More Food
3
A new mobile application called Farm Assistant was developed by Wu Zeyin. Wu is 11 years old now, who moved to Botswana with his family in 2016.
During the past years living in the country, Wu found that the quantity of fruit and vegetables sold at local supermarkets was very limited and the quality was poor. Some vegetables weren’t ripe, such as small carrots and green tomatoes. They are also quite expensive. Tropical savanna (草原) and desert climates are typical in most parts of the country. This makes it difficult to grow common crops. Drought-tolerant species of corn, sorghum and beans are also uncommon.
For a long time, due to the food shortage, Botswana had to import many grains, fruits and vegetables from neighboring countries to meet the needs of its people.
In July last year, Gaborone, the capital of Botswana, successfully kicked off a pilot project to grow China’s water-saving and drought-tolerant rice. This brought Wu some new ideas on local agriculture.
The app supports eight crops commonly grown locally. These include tomatoes, potatoes, onions, corn, carrots, cabbage, eggplant and radishes. Farmers who use the application can click on the crop picture. They can see its time points of planting, watering needs, ripening time, seed price, selling price and yield. After planting the seeds, farmers click the timer to start. The application reminds them what to do at each stage.
Wu, whose invention has been moving the needle for the life of Botswana farmers, still focuses on solving agricultural problems. He quotes an old saying in China, “Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. Teach him how to fish and he feeds himself for life. ”
8. Which can be the main reason for Botswana’s food shortage
A. Limited supplies in local markets. B. Unfavourable climate conditions.
C. Lack of advanced farming techniques. D. Frequent threats from natural disasters.
9. What does the underlined words “kicked off” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Carried out. B. Got rid of. C. Gave away. D. Took over.
10. How can Wu’s application make farmers’ work easier
A. It improves local planting environment. B. It identifies the commonly grown crops.
C. It teaches farmers when to plant the seeds. D. It provides basic information of the crops.
11. Which can best describe Wu from the last paragraph
A. Helpful and creative. B. Caring and modest.
C. Optimistic and ambitious. D. Considerate and faithful.
4
Consumers may soon find meat on restaurant menus that has never walked the earth—grown from cell to fillet (肉块). The product, called “cultured” or “cultivated” meat, is reaching more plates. Cultivated chicken has been sold in a Singapore restaurant since 2020, and recently the Department of Agriculture approved the sale of cultured chicken in the United States. More than 150 businesses worldwide are working to put beef, fish, and pork on the market, too.
Cultured meat begins as a cell from an egg or a piece of traditionally butchered meat. Fed with certain nutrients for two or three weeks, the meat is processed into forms that consumers are familiar with. “Initial research is in a lab, but the meat is made in a production facility.” says Josh Tetrick, CEO of Good Meat, one of the USDA-approved cultured chicken manufacturers. The company has made public their own nutrient analysis, evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration, which reveals that the nutritional profiles of their products are almost identical to conventional meats.
By alleviating the raising and killing of animals, cultured meat companies say their product helps reduce animal cruelty and will be better for the environment. Their process uses far less land because there’s no need to house animals or grow their feed. Cultured beef, especially, could reduce the number of cattle on farms-a significant source of methane emissions. However, some studies contradicted that cultured meat may also require greater energy usage than conventional production. Much of the environmental impact will depend on whether the energy used is renewable and on the efficiency of future production technology.
Given a growing consumer consciousness around animal rights and climate change, supporters foresee a future meat market where consumers will choose between different kinds of conventional meat, cultured meat, and plant-based alternatives. Approved sale of cultivated chicken in the U.S. is a landmark moment, but not yet a revolution. While cultured meat’s widespread consumption and impact on the economy seem a step closer to reality, scientists, philosophers, and the product’s own manufacturers acknowledge years of work lie ahead.
12. What’s the first paragraph mainly about
A. The official approval of meat marketing.
B. The growing popularity of meat products.
C. The increasing promotion of cultured meat.
D. The widespread consumption of cultured chicken.
13. In what way is cultured meat similar to conventional meat
A. Initial forms. B. Production efficiency.
C. Nutritional contents. D. Consumption prospect.
14. Why does the author mention cultured beef in paragraph 3
A. To explain the process of raising animals.
B. To compare cultured meat and conventional meat.
C. To emphasize the environmental benefits of cultured meat.
D. To highlight the significance of reducing methane emissions.
15. What attitude do scientists hold for the future consumption of cultured meat
A. Cautious. B. Confident. C. Doubtful. D. Worried.
5
It’s clear that following a plant-based diet is connected with a lower risk of heart disease. There are many types of plant-based diets, and they are all related to certain foods connected with heart benefits, such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, nuts and healthy oils. The diets have been most studied for their impact on heart health. These diets are rich in vitamins and minerals that help lower blood pressure, reduce the risk of diabetes (糖尿病) and keep a healthy weight, all of which can lower your risk of heart disease.
Yet, the types of plant foods and their sources are also important. For example, white rice and white bread are plant-based foods, so you would think they’re good to eat. But they are highly processed, and so are depleted of many heart-healthy nutrients (营养) and have enough sugar, which means they can make blood sugar levels rise sharply and increase hunger, leading to overeating. Drinking 100% fruit juice is not the same as eating the whole fruit, since juices can be high in sugar.
Do you really have to cut out all meat for your heart’s health Which animal foods could have an impact on heart health Some research has shown that the type and amount matter most. A 2014 study showed that men aged 45 to 79 who ate 75 grams or more per day of processed red meat, like cold cuts, sausage, bacon and hot dogs, had a 28% higher risk of heart failure than those who ate less than 25 grams. However, a study in the January 2017 found that eating 85 grams of unprocessed red meat, three times per week, did not worsen blood pressure.
What is the right plant-based diet for you “For many men, this may be a matter of bettering their current foods,” says Dr. Satija, a researcher from American College of Cardiology.
16. From the first two paragraphs, we know that plant-based diets ________.
A. benefit heart health B. increase hunger C. lead to overweight D. contain enough sugar
17. What do the underlined words “depleted of’’ in paragraph 2 mean
A. Added to. B. Short of. C. Filled with. D. Rooted in.
18. Why does the author list numbers in paragraph 3
A. To prove the result believable. B. To attract readers’ attention.
C. To show the process clearly. D. To make the study popular.
19. What might the author continue talking about
A. Risks of animal foods. B. Disadvantages of plant-based diets.
C. Changes of eating habits. D. Effects of heart-healthy diets.
6
August 24, 2023 may be imprinted in history as the day of disaster for the marine environment. Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida has asked Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), the operator of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, to release nuclear wastewater into the ocean from Thursday, ignoring strong objections from both home and abroad.
It will be a public crime if the discharge goes through and the decision will prove to be extremely unrewarding. The international community can hold Japan accountable indefinitely.
According to Paris-based French TV network France 24, some 1.34 million tonnes of nuclear wastewater, equivalent to almost the water in 540 Olympic pools, will be released into the ocean off Japan’s northeast coast, at a maximum rate of 500 cubic meters per day. The whole process is expected to take 30 to 40 years and cost around eight trillion yen (55 billion USD).
Junichi Matsumoto, the TEPCO executive in charge of the water release, told the Associated Press in July that the company plans to release 7,800 tonnes of treated water for 17 days in the first round. By the end of March 2024, the aim is to release 31,200 tonnes. The pace is expected to pick up later.
Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Sun Weidong asked the Japanese ambassador to China Hideo Tarumi on August 22 to meet him and make serious representations over the Japanese government’s announcement that it would start releasing nuclear-contaminated water on August 24.
Sun said the Fukushima nuclear accident is one of the world’s most serious nuclear accidents to date, resulting in the release of a large amount of radioactive material, which has far-reaching implications for the marine environment, food safety, and human health.
“The ocean is the blue home that all humanity depends on for survival, and the Japanese side should not dump nuclear-contaminated water at will,” Sun said.
20. Who did Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida ask to release nuclear wastewater into the ocean
A. Spokesperson Wang Wenbin.
B. The TEPCO executive Junichi Matsumoto.
C. Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Sun Weidong.
D. The operator of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.
21. Except for the amount released in the first round, how many tonnes of treated water will be released into the ocean by the end of March 2024
A. 1.34 million tonnes. B. 7,800 tonnes.
C. 2,3400 tonnes. D. 31,200 tonnes.
22. What does Sun Weidong say about the Fukushima nuclear accident
A. It has no implications for the marine environment.
B. Has no implications for food safety and human health.
C. It is one of the most serious nuclear accidents in history.
D. It resulted in the release of a small amount of radioactive material.
23. Where is this text probably taken from
A. A research paper. B. A newspaper report.
C. A business report. D. A geography textbook.
7
Is It Worth Buying Organic Food
Organic food, grown without artificial chemicals, is increasingly popular nowadays. Consumers have been willing to pay up to twice as much for goods with organic labels (标签). However, if you think paying a little more for organic food gets you a more nutritious (有营养的) and safer product, you might want to save your money. A study led by researchers at Stanford University says that organic products aren’t necessarily more nutritious, and they’re no less likely to suffer from disease-causing bacteria, either.
The latest results, published in the Annuals of Internal Medicine, suggest that buyers may be wasting their money. “We did not find strong evidence that organic food is more nutritious or healthier,” says Dr. Crystal Smith-Spangler from Stanford. “So consumers shouldn’t assume that one type of food has a lower risk or is safer.”
For their new study, Smith-Spangler and her colleagues conducted a review of two categories of research, including 17 studies that compared health outcomes between consumers of organic against traditional food products, and 223 studies that analyzed the nutritional content of the foods, including key vitamins, minerals and fats.
While the researchers found little difference in nutritional content, they did find that organic fruit and vegetables were 20% less likely to have chemicals remaining on the surfaces. Neither organic nor traditional foods showed levels of chemicals high enough to go beyond food safety standards. And both organic and traditional meats, such as chicken and pork, were equally likely to be harmed by bacteria at very low rates. The researchers did find that organic milk and chicken contained higher levels of omega-3 fatty acids, a healthy fat also found in fish that can reduce the risk of heart disease. However, these nutritional differences were too small, and the researchers were unwilling to make much of them until further studies confirm the trends.
Organic food is produced with fewer chemicals and more natural-growing practices, but that doesn’t always translate into a more nutritious or healthier product. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) states that “Whether you buy organic or not, finding the freshest foods available may have the biggest effect on taste.” Fresh food is at least as good as anything marketed as organic.
24. The new research questions whether organic food ________.
A. should replace traditional food
B. has been overpriced by farmers
C. is grown with less harmful chemicals
D. is really more nutritious and healthier
25. Smith Spangler and her colleagues found that ________.
A. organic food could reduce the risk of heart disease
B. traditional food was grown with more natural methods
C. both organic and traditional food they examined were safe
D. there was not a presence of any forms of bacteria in organic food
26. Which of the following is relatively healthier according to the passage
A. Organic chicken and pork.
B. Organic milk and chicken.
C. Traditional chicken and pork.
D. Traditional fruit and vegetables.
27. What is the author’s attitude toward organic food
A. Doubtful. B. Positive. C. Unconcerned. D. Approving.
8
Labeling can be very helpful when determining certain things about a food item. “USDA (United States Department of Agriculture) Organic” and “raised without antibiotics (抗生素)”, for example, have specific standards, and the product will need to be true to those claims.
Natural claims like “all natural”, “100% natural”, and “made with natural ingredients (成分)” are not defined in USDA. The USDA must approve these special claims prior to food being sold, but the only standard they must meet is that artificial ingredients or colors cannot be added during processing, and the processing method cannot fundamentally alter the product. While that is certainly valuable information to know, the problem is in consumers’ understanding of what “natural” means. The definitions do not address human health, the use of synthetic pesticides (合成杀虫剂), hormones, or antibiotics in crop and livestock production.
Study after study on the topic reveals that people think a product labeled as “natural” delivers benefits far beyond what it does. Most consumers mistakenly assign health and environmental benefits to natural-labeled food.
In a 2017 study, respondents incorrectly believed that natural-labeled foods had 18 percent fewer calories across a variety of foods. In a 2010 study, respondents believed that meat products labeled as “all natural” meant no antibiotics or hormones were used to raise the animals. Some also believed the label meant animals were raised free range.
Consumers aren’t getting what they think they’re getting. But the more serious problem is how this harms food producers who are actually meeting the standards for more strict labels that are actually doing good, like ones around organic practices or animal welfare. Farmers and producers doing the work end up at a competitive disadvantage in the marketplace if consumers treat foods labeled natural as alike. The economic problem raised by natural labels is that consumers could be paying extra for product benefits they are not receiving while producers of products with those benefits lose sales.
28. Which of the following is undefined by authorities
A. USDA organic. B. All natural.
C. Artificial color free. D. Raised without antibiotics.
29. What mistake may a consumer make according to the text
A. Being unaware of food safety.
B. Paying more on over-processed food.
C. Buying food failing to meet the USDA standards.
D. Misunderstanding what is claimed on a food label.
30. Why are the two studies mentioned in paragraph 4
A. To advocate sensible consumer behavior.
B. To suggest a possible solution to a problem.
C. To provide evidence for the author’s point of view.
D. To demonstrate how far studies on food safety have gone.
31. What is a consequence of the problem discussed in the text
A. Wasting resources. B. A market crash.
C. Cheating. D. Unfairness.
二、七选五
Different Approaches to Reducing Food Waste
Food plays a key role in people’s life. While many people in poor communities suffer from a shortage of food, a large amount of food is wasted in the rest of the world. 32 Here are some tips on how to reduce food waste.
Learn to store food. Not sure how to keep those greens from wilting overnight
Can’t keep your tomatoes fresh for more than a day or two Do your research on food storage and you’ll get the rewards. Not sure where to start 33
Use it all. 34 For example, leave the skin on carrots and potatoes (The skins actually have a ton of valuable nutrients!), save the beet greens for a salad, and don’t throw away the outer skin of oranges!
35 Many fruits and vegetables are thrown away because they aren’t “pretty” enough. Buying food that comes in a different shape, size or colour helps use up food that might be given up.
Understand best-before dates correctly. People often confuse best-before dates with expiry dates. The best-before date has nothing to do with the safety of the food. 36 So while the taste may not be that good, many food items are still safe to eat for many days beyond the best-before date.
A. Pick the “funny looking” food.
B. This will save you time in the long run.
C. Check out Local Produce Storage Guide online.
D. Keep a “need to eat” list everyday in your daily life.
E. Therefore, food waste is a serious problem that needs our attention.
F. It refers to flavour and nutritional value, which is of great help to your body.
G. You often remove a part of whatever food you’ re cooking with, but often those food items can be saved.
三、完形填空
When you’re shopping at the grocery store, you probably expect that olive oil you see came from olives, and that the organic vegetables were never exposed to poisonous chemicals. Increasingly, however, there is a chance you might be 37 . In recent years, there has been an increase in reports of so-called food fraud, or attempts by various entities—to alter products and 38 customers and food companies alike for financial gain (though occasionally the companies are complicit (同伙). Among the more recent 39 : “natural ” honey that’s been laced with antibiotics (抗生素) and Italian companies selling “Italian olive oil” from a mixture of oils that did not originate from Italy.
How can this 40 In the U.S., the Pure Food and Drug Act has prevented the “manufacture, sale or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or harmful foods” since 1906, and similar laws exist in other countries. But most global food regulators, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, aren’t equipped to 41 them effectively. For the most part, they 42 safety standards—ensuring that foods don’t contain bacteria or viruses—and rely on companies to police the quality of their own ingredients, lest they face consumer opposition. But now that food manufacturing has become globalized, supply chains are 43 , creating more opportunities for bad actors to mess around. “Anyone who can 44 substituting cheap ingredients for more expensive ones is going to try,” says Marion Nestle, who teaches nutrition, food studies and public health at New York University.
Governments are starting 45 . In 2014, the UK. created a food-crime unit that collects reports of food fraud. The Institute for Global Food Security lab in Belfast tests 46 sent in by people worried about fraud—a process that’s easier than ever, thanks to advances in technology. And there are efforts in the U.K., the U.S. and China, among other nations, to increase the punishments for companies that get caught selling shady foods.
But in order to 47 fraud in the first place, the food industry needs to get better at safeguarding its own production network. So the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI)—a trade group consisting of officials from more than 300 food manufacturers—will this year start 48 its members’ supply chains, from field to table, to identify fraud. Meanwhile, dozens of other food-industry experts recently teamed up with academics from Michigan State University to launch the Food Fraud Initiative (FFI), a group that studies fraudsters— 49 , how they avoid safeguards—and then advises food companies on how to keep them away. “There are plenty of 50 out there who are going to wake up and look for some opportunity for fraud,” says John Spink, director of the FFI. “We just need to make ourselves a harder 51 .”
37. A. lucky B. wrong C. curious D. illegal
38. A. mislead B. astonish C. misunderstand D. assemble
39. A. booms B. examples C. recoveries D. trends
40. A. cease B. last C. happen D. progress
41. A. reveal B. follow C. enforce D. forget
42. A. agree with B. respond to C. substitute for D. focus on
43. A. longer B. riskier C. more stable D. more selective
44. A. hold on to B. look down on C. get away with D. make up for
45. A. take off B. keep up C. set aside D. fight back
46. A. attempts B. reports C. nutrients D. products
47. A. prevent B. cover C. suspect D. charge
48. A. affecting B. inspecting C. combining D. supporting
49. A. symbolically B. specifically C. respectively D. resourcefully
50. A. institutions B. consumers C. criminals D. sponsors
51. A. target B. issue C. choice D. technique
四、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A netizen made a post suggesting a more scientific index for spiciness in hot pot. The Sichuan Hot Pot Association responded that the suggestion was good and they are preparing 52 plan.
Yan Long,president of the association,stated that the spiciness of hot pot can indeed be measured, 53 (use)professional measuring tools. Currently, the association is researching a standardized grading system for the spiciness.
Eating spicy food can produce a 54 (various)of physiological reactions,like a tingling in the tongue and lips, as well as sweating, said David Julius, a physiologist at the University of California, San Francisco.“We all enjoy sensory experiences; spicy foods make life more 55 (appeal),“he said. But not all of the potential responses are welcome,even for those 56 enjoy the taste. Spicy food lovers are likely to be familiar 57 one immediate physical reaction—sweating.
Generally speaking,eating spicy food in moderation is 58 (safety)for people who don’t already have stomach issues. 59 (study)have shown that consuming spicy foods can be associated with some health benefits. For example, one study found 60 (take) a daily supplement of chili pepper speeded up metabolism,and that the participants 61 (burn)extra 200 calories per day over a 14-week period.
