05.考古发现
一、阅读理解
1
The cooperation between the Ten cent’s Digital Culture Laboratory (DCL) and the Sichuan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology is ground-breaking. Using digital technologies such as AI, big data, cloud computing, knowledge graphs and computer vision, thousands of pieces unearthed from the Sanxingdui are being scanned, analyzed and calculated to determine whether or how they can be pieced back together.
This greatly improves efficiency (效率) and presents new situations that may not have been possible through traditional means. A 4,500-year-old bronze statue from Sanxingdui, for centuries in broken and bent pieces, now appears in its impressive form. The restoration (修复) is an important development for archaeology—it’s digital.
The bronze statue shows a four-legged beast with a worshipper kneeling on its back. The beast and the kneeling worshipper were unearthed separately from two different holes in 2021. Through markings on the beast’s back and the worshipper’s knees, the team guessed they may have been part of the same statue.3D modeling and AI analysis of size, weight and balance helped the team to decide that the two belonged puter vision aided in straightening the bent parts and filling in missing pieces, such as an ear and an arm.
Sanxingdui is believed to be part of the ancient Shu Kingdom. There is no written text on how the Shu people lived or why they disappeared. Clues to their existence come from relics. While some relics were discovered in the late 1920s, detailed archaeological excavations (挖掘) began only in the 1980s when the first two holes were unearthed. Six more came to light in 2021. All uncovered relics suggest a civilization not only technologically advanced, but also earlier than first thought.
“There is more to the work we are doing than just archaeology.” said Zhan Shu, Head of DCL. The project will include the Shu people’s history and culture into video games, music, and literature so that the past can be more related to the younger generations.
1. What can we know about the restoration of the bronze statue
A. Digital technologies provided a new solution.
B. The restoration was completed by hand.
C. Traditional ways helped fill in missing parts.
D. Major parts were discovered in one single hole.
2. What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about Sanxingdui
A. Its newly-found written text. B. Its sudden disappearance.
C. Its excavation method. D. Its archaeological value.
3. Why does the project include Shu history in modern media
A. To provide relaxation means. B. To reform music education.
C. To connect youths with history. D. To highlight Shu technology.
4. What would be the best title for this text
A. Digital Technologies: Changing Archaeological Practices
B. Sanxingdui: The Lost Civilization of the Shu Kingdom
C. Uncovering the Secrets of Ancient Bronze Statue
D. Promoting Culture Through History Education
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。这段文章主要讲述了腾讯数字文化实验室（DCL）和四川文物考古研究院之间的合作，以及他们如何利用数字技术对三星堆遗址进行数字化修复和重建。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Using digital technologies such as AI, big data, cloud computing, knowledge graphs and computer vision, thousands of pieces unearthed from the Sanxingdui are being scanned, analyzed and calculated to determine whether or how they can be pieced back together.(利用人工智能、大数据、云计算、知识图谱和计算机视觉等数字技术，三星堆出土的数千块碎片正在被扫描、分析和计算，以确定是否或如何将它们重新拼凑起来)”以及第二段“This greatly improves efficiency (效率) and presents new situations that may not have been possible through traditional means.(这大大提高了效率，并提出了通过传统手段可能无法实现的新情况)”可知，关于铜像的修复我们能知道数字技术提供了一个新的解决方案。故选A。
2. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Sanxingdui is believed to be part of the ancient Shu Kingdom. There is no written text on how the Shu people lived or why they disappeared. Clues to their existence come from relics. While some relics were discovered in the late 1920s, detailed archaeological excavations(挖掘)began only in the 1980s when the first two holes were unearthed. Six more came to light in 2021. All uncovered relics suggest a civilization not only technologically advanced, but also earlier than first thought.(三星堆被认为是古蜀国的一部分。没有关于蜀人如何生活或他们为什么消失的书面文字。它们存在的线索来自于遗迹。虽然在20世纪20年代末就发现了一些遗迹，但详细的考古发掘工作直到20世纪80年代才开始，当时发现了最初的两个洞。2021年又有6个浮出水面。所有出土的遗迹都表明，这个文明不仅在技术上先进，而且比最初想象的要早)”可知，可知本段主要介绍了三星堆的考古价值。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The project will include the Shu people’s history and culture into video games, music, and literature so that the past can be more related to the younger generations.(该项目将把蜀族的历史和文化融入到电子游戏、音乐和文学中，以便让年轻一代更多地了解过去)”可知，该项目将蜀史纳入现代媒体是为了将年轻人与历史联系起来。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“The cooperation between the Ten cent’s Digital Culture Laboratory (DCL)and the Sichuan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology is ground-breaking. Using digital technologies such as AI, big data, cloud computing, knowledge graphs and computer vision, thousands of pieces unearthed from the Sanxingdui are being scanned, analyzed and calculated to determine whether or how they can be pieced back together.(十分数字文化实验室（DCL）与四川省文物考古研究所的合作是开创性的。利用人工智能、大数据、云计算、知识图谱和计算机视觉等数字技术，三星堆出土的数千块碎片正在被扫描、分析和计算，以确定是否或如何将它们重新拼凑起来)”结合文章主要讲述了数字技术在考古中的应用，如何利用数字技术对三星堆进行扫描、分析和计算，以及如何通过这种方式提高效率、呈现新的情况。因此，最适合的标题是“数字技术：改变考古实践”。故选A。
2
As a kid, Pamela Akuku spent her weekends exploring the National Museums of Kenya, following along with her mom who worked there. Akuku became fascinated with the researchers. She saw them using various equipment and researching the fossils carefully. “But I didn’t know what they were doing at the time,” she says. “I kept asking my mom about it.”
Akuku’s mom saw her daughter’s curiosity and signed her up for the museum’s Young Researchers Club. Akuku soon took part in mock excavations (模拟挖掘) and reconstructed bones. “I enjoyed reading and puzzles,” says Akuku. “And this was a mixture of the two.”
The museum experiences helped inspire her career as an archeologist. After her four years in university, she was sure that she wanted to study archaeology. She did her master’s in South Africa and majored in zooarchaeology (动物考古学). She is now at the Catalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution in Tarragona, Spain. There, she studies how ancient humans modified (改良) animal bones. Her research is helping to reveal more about where early humans lived. She’s currently studying the remains from Tanzania’s Olduvai Gorge, where researchers previously discovered stone tools and evidence of early human ancestors going back as far as 2 million years.
Akuku gives some advice to people who want to do her job. “Be prepared to come across hard conditions. Working in this field is challenging. You have to work twice as hard just to be recognized,” Akuku said. But she has learned to deal with it. Now she always tells everyone the efforts are worthy.
5. Why did Akuku’s mother let her join in the Young Researchers Club
A. Akuku showed interest in the club.
B. Akuku’s mom was curious about the club.
C. Akuku’s mom wanted Akuku to help with her job.
D. Akuku hoped to be an archaeologist.
6. What is Akuku’s present research about
A. Why zooarchaeology is popular. B. When the relics of Tarragona appeared.
C. What can be found from ancient fossils. D. How ancient people modified animal bones.
7. What can we know about Tanzania’s Olduvai Gorge
A. Many stone tools remain to be found there.
B. Ancient human may live there 2 million years ago.
C. There are few relics left at present.
D. Few researchers show interest in it.
8. In Akuku’s opinion, if you wish to be an archaeologist, you should ______.
A. deal with challenges with colleagues B. learn to be very smart
C. do the job harder than other people D. believe what you do is important
【答案】5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Pamela Akuku在孩提时代一次去博物馆的经历，激发了她成为考古学家的梦想。后来，她选择了考古学作为专业，她觉得考古领域方面的工作很有挑战性，需要付出加倍的努力才能成功。
5. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Akuku’s mom saw her daughter’s curiosity and signed her up for the museum’s Young Researchers Club. Akuku soon took part in mock excavations ( 模拟挖掘 ) and reconstructed bones.(Akuku的妈妈看到了女儿的好奇心，为她报名参加了博物馆的青年研究者俱乐部)”可知，Akuku的妈妈看到了她对于博物馆研究人员的好奇，觉得她对这个俱乐部非常的感兴趣，所以为她报名参加了博物馆的青年研究者俱乐部。故选A。
6. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“There, she studies how ancient humans modified (改良) animal bones. Her research is helping to reveal more about where early humans lived.(在那里，她研究了古代人类是如何改造动物骨骼的。她的研究有助于揭示更多关于早期人类生活的地方)”可知，Akuku现在正在研究古人是如何改造动物骨骼的。故选D。
7. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“She’s currently studying the remains from Tanzania’s Olduvai Gorge, where researchers previously discovered stone tools and evidence of early human ancestors going back as far as 2 million years.(她目前正在研究坦桑尼亚奥杜瓦伊峡谷的遗迹，研究人员之前在那里发现了石器和早在200万年前就有早期人类祖先的证据)”可知，根据对坦桑尼亚奥杜瓦伊峡谷的遗迹的研究可知，早在200万年前就有早期人类祖先居住在那里。故选B。
8. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Be prepared to come across hard conditions. Working in this field is challenging. You have to work twice as hard just to be recognized,” Akuku said.(Akuku说：“要准备好面对艰苦的条件。在这个领域工作很有挑战性。你必须加倍努力才能得到认可。”) ”可知，Akuku认为，做考古学方面的工作要比其他人付出更多的努力。故选C。
3
Every day people joined archaeologists and artists in finding some of the year’s most dramatic discoveries. Below are some examples of 2023.
“Naughty pupils”-ancient punishment method resurfaces
Archaeologists discovered 18,000 ink-carved pieces of pottery-known as “ostraca”—at the site of Athribis early this year, and among them were hundreds of fragments(碎片)with a single symbol repeated front and back.
Those scribbles(潦草的文字)are evidence of ‘naughty “pupils” being made to write lines, according to researchers a Germany’s University of Tuebingen. The fragments also included receipts, school texts, trade information and lists of names.
Van Gogh peers out in hidden portrait
There is one more known van Gogh’s self-portrait in the world, and it was hidden behind a painting of a peasant woman. People made the discovery when they took an X-ray of one of his portraits from 1885 and discovered the artist’s own image behind layers of cardboard and glue. While X-rays often reveal how artists-changed their compositions, the full self-portrait of van Gogh came as a huge surprise, who was known to reuse canvase(画布)to save money.
Another treasure collection from Sanxingdui
The Sanxingdui archaeological site has produced thousands of relics. The latest discovery, reported by Chinese state media in June includes 3,155 objects, a turtle shell-shaped box and a sacrificial altar among them. A team has been digging six places of the site, turning up more than 13,000 objects so far. Last year, the relics they uncovered included a golden mask, ivory artifacts(手工艺品)and a jade knife. The Sanxingdui culture still remains mysterious, as it left behind no written records or human remains, though many believe it to be part of the ancient kingdom of Shu, which ruled along the upper stream of the Yangtze River until it was conquered in 316 BC.
9. What led to the researchers’ conclusion about the fragments
A. The repeated symbol. B. Trade information.
C. Lists of pupils’ names. D. The mark of ink.
10. Why did van Gogh hide his self-portrait in a painting
A. To keep away from X-rays.
B. To save money.
C. To make his works more mysterious.
D. To help people find his composition.
11. Which is the newly-unearthed relic of 2023 in Sanxingdui site
A. A jade knife. B. A golden mask.
C. A written record. D. A turtle shell-shaped box.
【答案】9. A 10. B 11. D
【解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了三个考古新发现。
9. 细节理解题。根据“Naughty pupils”—ancient punishment method resurfaces部分“among them were hundreds of fragments(碎片)with a single symbol repeated front and back.(其中有数百个碎片，正面和背面都重复着一个符号。)”以及“Those scribbles(潦草的文字)are evidence of ‘naughty “pupils” being made to write lines, according to researchers a Germany’s University of Tuebingen.(据德国图宾根大学的研究人员称，这些涂鸦是“淘气的”学生被强迫写台词的证据。)”可知，研究人员是根据这些碎片上的重复的符号得出结论，证明这些碎片的内容是调皮的学生所写。故选A。
10. 细节理解题。根据Van Gogh peers out in hidden portrait部分“While X-rays often reveal how artists-changed their compositions, the full self-portrait of van Gogh came as a huge surprise, who was known to reuse canvase(画布)to save money.( 虽然X射线经常揭示艺术家是如何改变他们的作品的,但梵高的完整的自画像是一个巨大的惊喜,他被认为重用画布来省钱。)”可知，梵高是为了省钱才将自画像隐藏在一幅画中。故选B。
11. 细节理解题。根据Another treasure collection from Sanxingdui部分“The latest discovery, reported by Chinese state media in June includes 3,155 objects, a turtle shell-shaped box and a sacrificial altar among them.( 据中国官方媒体6月份报道，最近的发现包括3155件物品，其中包括一个龟壳形状的盒子和一个祭祀祭坛。)”可知，2023年三星堆遗址新出土的器物包括一个龟壳形状的盒子。故选D。
4
Although literacy appeared independently in several parts of the prehistoric world, the earliest evidence of writing is the cuneiform Sumerian script on the clay tablets of ancient Mesopotamia, which, archaeological detective work has revealed, had its origins in the accounting practices of commercial activity. Researchers demonstrated that preliterate people, to keep track of the goods they produced and exchanged, created a system of accounting using clay tokens as symbolic representations of their products. Over many thousands of years, the symbols evolved through several stages of abstraction until they became wedge-shaped (cuneiform) signs on clay tablets, recognizable as writing.
The original tokens were three-dimensional solid shapes — tiny spheres, cones, disks, and cylinders. A debt of six units of grain and eight head of livestock, for example, might have been represented by six conical and eight cylindrical tokens. To keep batches of tokens together, an innovation was introduced whereby they were sealed inside clay envelopes that could be broken open and counted when it came time for a debt to be repaid. But because the contents of the envelopes could easily be forgotten, two-dimensional representations of the three-dimensional tokens were impressed into the surface of the envelopes before they were sealed. Eventually, having two sets of equivalent symbols — the internal tokens and external markings — came to seem redundant, so the tokens were eliminated, and only solid clay tablets with two-dimensional symbols were retained. Over time, the symbols became more numerous, varied, and abstract and came to represent more than trade commodities, evolving eventually into cuneiform writing.
The evolution of the symbolism is reflected in the archaeological record first of all by the increasing complexity of the tokens themselves. The earliest tokens, dating from about 10,000 to 6,000 years ago, were of only the simplest geometric shapes. But about 3500 B. C. E., more complex tokens came into common usage, including many naturalistic forms shaped like miniature tools, furniture, fruit, and humans.
12. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about clay envelopes
A. They contained batches of tokens. B. They could be reused frequently.
C. They had markings on the outside. D. They could be used to record debts.
13. Which of the following can be inferred about the difference between earlier tokens and later tokens
A. Later tokens were made of many different materials, but earlier ones were made only of clay.
B. Later tokens often looked like the commodities that they represented, but earlier ones did not.
C. Later tokens represented agricultural products, but earlier ones represented finished products.
D. Later tokens were based on pictographs, but earlier ones were based on naturalistic forms.
14. Which of the sentences best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence
A. Sumerian script, the earliest known form of writing among prehistoric writing systems, was first used on clay tablets for accounting purposes.
B. Although the earliest Sumerians engaged in commercial activity and practiced accounting, they were not as literate as people in other parts of the prehistoric world.
C. Archaeologists have discovered that literacy was developed in several parts of the world, including ancient Mesopotamia.
D. Archaeological detective work has revealed the commercial accounting practices of the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia and provided a written record of their intense commercial activity.
15. What might be the best title for the text
A. Evidence of the Earliest Writing B. A long history of tokens
C. Evolution of the symbolism D. Origins of the symbols
【答案】12. B 13. B 14. A 15. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了史前文字系统中已知最早的书写形式——古代美索不达米亚粘土板上的楔形苏美尔文字的起源与历史演变。
12. 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“To keep batches of tokens together, an innovation was introduced whereby they were sealed inside clay envelopes that could be broken open and counted when it came time for a debt to be repaid.But because the contents of the envelopes could easily be forgotten, two-dimensional representations of the three-dimensional tokens were impressed into the surface of the envelopes before they were sealed.”（为了将代币保持在一起，引入了一种创新方法，即将代币密封在粘土信封中，当需要偿还债务时，可以打开并计数。但是因为信封里的东西很容易被遗忘，所以在封缄之前，这些三维符号的二维表示就被印在了信封的表面。）可知，粘土信封可用于保存代币，可用于记录债务，为了防止遗忘，信封表面被印上了二维符号，文章没有提到它能重复使用。故选B项。
13. 推理判断题。根据第二段前两句“The original tokens were three-dimensional solid shapes—tiny spheres, cones, disks, and cylinders. A debt of six units of grain and eight head of livestock, for example, might have been represented by six conical and eight cylindrical tokens.”（最初的代币符号是三维的固体形状——微小的球体、锥体、圆盘和圆柱体。例如，6单位谷物和8头牲畜的债务可以用6个圆锥形和8个圆柱形的代币来表示。）及最后一段最后两句“The earliest tokens, dating from about 10,000 to 6,000 years ago, were of only the simplest geometric shapes. But about 3500 B.C.E., more complex tokens came into common usage, including many naturalistic forms shaped like miniature tools, furniture, fruit, and humans.”（最早的代币可以追溯到大约1万到6000年前，只有最简单的几何形状。但在公元前3500年左右，更复杂的代币符号开始普遍使用，包括许多形状像微型工具、家具、水果和人的自然形式。）可知，早期的代币符号只有最简单的几何形状，后期的符号变得更复杂，形式多样，通常看起来像它们所代表的商品。故选B项。
14. 词句猜测题。根据第一段第一句“Although literacy appeared independently in several parts of the prehistoric world, the earliest evidence of writing is the cuneiform Sumerian script on the clay tablets of ancient Mesopotamia, which, archaeological detective work has revealed, had its origins in the accounting practices of commercial activity.”（虽然识字能力在史前世界的几个地方独立出现，但最早的文字证据是古代美索不达米亚粘土板上的楔形苏美尔文字，考古侦探工作揭示，它起源于商业活动的会计实践。）可知，古代美索不达米亚粘土板上的楔形苏美尔文字是史前文字系统中已知最早的书写形式，最初是为了记帐。故选A项。
15. 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“Although literacy appeared independently in several parts of the prehistoric world, the earliest evidence of writing is the cuneiform Sumerian script on the clay tablets of ancient Mesopotamia, which, archaeological detective work has revealed, had its origins in the accounting practices of commercial activity.”（虽然识字能力在史前世界的几个地方独立出现，但最早的文字证据是古代美索不达米亚粘土板上的楔形苏美尔文字，考古侦探工作揭示，它起源于商业活动的会计实践。）及后文对其代币符号的历史演变的介绍可知，本文主要介绍了史前文字系统中已知最早的书写形式存在的证据。故选A项。
5
Believe it or not, sheep are playing an important role in protecting the ruins of Pompeii, an ancient Roman city that was buried under volcanic ash about 2,000 years ago.
Archaeologists have been digging the ruins for over 250 years, but only two-thirds of the 66-hectare area have been explored, reported CNN. To prevent the unexcavated (未发掘的) parts of the ruins from being naturally damaged over time, archaeologists have turned to a group of 150 sheep for help.
Many grassy hills there are dotted (布满) with the remains of old houses and shops. Grass and other plants can cause problems if they are left to grow on ancient walls and houses. Therefore, the task of these sheep is to eat up the grass, preventing any overgrowth that may harm the ruins. Besides, turning to sheep instead of herbicides (除草剂) costs less and is more environment-friendly.
This sheepy solution is part of the Pompeii Archaeological Park’s protection efforts. Since 2018, new excavations have been launched (启动) in Regio V area, the northern part of the city. It has resulted in exciting discoveries such as frescoes (壁画), a snack shop, and the skeletal remains (遗骸) of people who died in the disaster.
Gabriel Zuchtriegel, director of the Pompeii Archaeological Park, told Go Top News that the sheep initiative (倡议) is a sustainable (可持续的) project that saves money and protects the landscape. Besides, the sheep have become part of the landscape itself, bringing the ancient city back to life. “It’s also something that really gives an idea of what Pompeii was like when it was rediscovered,” said Zuchtriegel. “It was forests, vineyards, sheep and that kind of rural setting, and in the middle of it was Pompeii.”
16. Why do the archaeologists use sheep
A. To excavate Pompeii quickly. B. To reduce overgrowth of grass.
C. To save herbicides. D. To promote economy of this area.
17. What can we infer from paragraph 4
A. The sheep solution has caused some trouble. B. It has cost a lot of money to excavate the ruins.
C. The discoveries have puzzled archaeologists. D. Much work has been done to protect Pompeii.
18. How did Zuchtriegel find the initiative
A. Helpful. B. Worrying. C. Annoying. D. Doubtful.
19. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. New Discovery in Ruins B. Sheep Rescuing Pompeii
C. Archaeologists’ Achievements(成就) D. People Worrying about Pompeii
【答案】16. B 17. D 18. A 19. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了绵羊在保护大约2000年前被火山灰掩埋的古罗马城市庞贝遗址方面发挥了重要作用。
16. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Many grassy hills there are dotted (布满) with the remains of old houses and shops. Grass and other plants can cause problems if they are left to grow on ancient walls and houses. Therefore, the task of these sheep is to eat up the grass, preventing any overgrowth that may harm the ruins. Besides, turning to sheep instead of herbicides (除草剂) costs less and is more environment-friendly.(许多长满草的小山点缀着老房子和商店的遗迹。草和其他植物如果长在古老的墙壁和房屋上，就会造成问题。因此，这些羊的任务是吃完草，防止任何可能损害废墟的杂草。此外，用绵羊代替除草剂成本更低，更环保。)”可知，由于庞贝遗址长了很多草和其他植物，这些植物会给遗址造成危害，因此考古学家决定用羊来减少该地区草的生长。故选B。
17. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“This sheepy solution is part of the Pompeii Archaeological Park’s protection efforts. Since 2018, new excavations have been launched (启动) in Regio V area, the northern part of the city. It has resulted in exciting discoveries such as frescoes (壁画), a snack shop, and the skeletal remains (遗骸) of people who died in the disaster.(这种笨拙的解决方案是庞贝考古公园保护工作的一部分。从2018年开始，在城市北部的第五区开始了新的挖掘工作。在此期间，还发现了壁画、小吃店、遇难者遗骨等令人兴奋的发现。)”可判断，为了保护庞贝遗址，考古学家们已经做了大量的工作。故选D。
18. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Gabriel Zuchtriegel, director of the Pompeii Archaeological Park, told Go Top News that the sheep initiative (倡议) is a sustainable (可持续的) project that saves money and protects the landscape. Besides, the sheep have become part of the landscape itself, bringing the ancient city back to life. “It’s also something that really gives an idea of what Pompeii was like when it was rediscovered,” said Zuchtriegel. “It was forests, vineyards, sheep and that kind of rural setting, and in the middle of it was Pompeii.”(庞贝考古公园的负责人Gabriel Zuchtriegel告诉Go Top News，羊的倡议是一个可持续的项目，既节省了资金，又保护了景观。此外，羊已经成为景观本身的一部分，使古城重新焕发生机。Zuchtriegel说：“这也让我们真正了解了庞贝被重新发现时的样子。那里有森林、葡萄园、羊群和那种乡村环境，而庞贝就在它们的中间。”)”可知，Zuchtriegel认为用羊来保护庞贝遗址不仅仅节省了资金，还保护了景观，使古城焕发生机。由此可推测，Zuchtriegel认为这一倡议是很好，有助于保护庞贝遗址。故选A。
19. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Believe it or not, sheep are playing an important role in protecting the ruins of Pompeii, an ancient Roman city that was buried under volcanic ash about 2,000 years ago.(信不信由你，绵羊在保护大约2000年前被火山灰掩埋的古罗马城市庞贝遗址方面发挥了重要作用。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了在庞贝遗址保护工作中，羊群被用来帮助保护遗址不受自然损害的故事。故选B。
6
“Some inconspicuous (不起眼的) artifacts, once unearthed and cleaned, can transport me back across time as I touch them. It’s as though I were in the same space with ancient people who lived millions of years ago.” This is what Xu Danyang, a young member of the Communist Party of China responsible for excavation of the No. 4 sacrificial pit (祭祀坑) at the Sanxingdui ruins site in Deyang, Sichuan province, says of his view of his job.
Archaeology used to be a field few university students wanted to study, Xu says. However, discoveries at Sanxingdui have changed students’ preconceptions. The increasing popularity of Sanxingdui is a good thing, Xu says. The reason why the site has attracted international attention is that bronze ware and gold decorations unearthed there have given people fresh glimpses of the ancient Shu Kingdom, illustrating the inclusiveness of Chinese civilization.
Speaking of the pit team, Xu says more than half the members were born in the 1990s. The daily work of Xu and his team can be split into two parts: the indoor work of reorganizing materials and conducting research, and the outdoor archaeological fieldwork, both of which require great meticulousness (谨小慎微). The process of dig needs careful teamwork, and everyone performs their duties extremely. One does not expect quick success or instant rewards. So patience is a must. The infinite nature of human history can be reflected as one connects seemingly insignificant discoveries.
20. What does the underlined words “excavation” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Discovery. B. Dig. C. Invention. D. Breakthrough.
21. What effect have the discoveries at Sanxingdui had on students’ view of archaeology
A. Decreased interest in studying archaeology.
B. No change in people’s view.
C. Decreased attention on Sanxingdui.
D. Increased interest in studying archaeology.
22. What has attracted international attention to the Sanxingdui ruins site
A. Unearthed bronze ware and gold decorations.
B. Careful teamwork.
C. Xu Danyang’s view of his job.
D. The inclusive nature of Chinese civilization.
23. What quality is crucial for success in the field of archaeology
A. Quick success and instant rewards.
B. Careful teamwork and patience.
C. Decreased attention.
D. Reorganizing materials.
【答案】20. B 21. D 22. A 23. B
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，文章讲述了负责挖掘四川省德阳市三星堆遗址4号祭祀坑的徐丹阳谈论他对考古学的看法，考古过程需要精心的团队合作和耐心。
20. 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Some inconspicuous (不起眼的) artifacts, once unearthed and cleaned, can transport me back across time as I touch them...This is what Xu Danyang, a young member of the Communist Party of China responsible for excavation of the No. 4 sacrificial pit (祭祀坑) at the Sanxingdui ruins site in Deyang(一些不起眼的文物，一旦出土并清理干净，当我触摸它们时，就能把我送回过去……这是负责excavation德阳三星堆遗址4号祭祀坑的中国共产党青年党员Xu Danyang所说的话)”可推知，Xu Danyang是负责四川德阳三星堆遗址4号祭祀坑挖掘工作的，因此划线词excavation的意思是“挖掘”，和Dig意思相近，故选B。
21. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Archaeology used to be a field few university students wanted to study, Xu says. However, discoveries at Sanxingdui have changed students’ preconceptions.(徐说，考古学曾经是一个很少有大学生想学的领域。然而，三星堆的发现改变了学生们的先入为主的观念。)”可知，考古曾经是一个很少有大学生想学的领域。然而，三星堆的发现改变了学生们的成见，由此可知，三星堆的发现对学生的考古学观的影响是学生对学习考古的兴趣增加了。故选D。
22. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The reason why the site has attracted international attention is that bronze ware and gold decorations unearthed there have given people fresh glimpses of the ancient Shu Kingdom, illustrating the inclusiveness of Chinese civilization.(该遗址吸引国际关注的原因是，那里出土的青铜器和金饰让人们对古蜀国有了新的认识，说明了中华文明的包容性。)”可知，中华文明的包容性吸引了国际社会对三星堆遗址的关注。故选A。
23. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The process of dig needs careful teamwork, and everyone performs their duties extremely. One does not expect quick success or instant rewards. So patience is a must.(挖掘的过程需要细致的团队合作，每个人都恪尽职守。一个人不指望一蹴而就或立竿见影。所以耐心是必须的。)”可知，在考古领域取得成功的关键素质是细心的团队合作和耐心。故选B。
7
On April 18—the International Day for Monuments and Sites, China Daily’s digital employee Yuanxi and Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes’ official virtual carto on figure Jiayao together introduced an interactive digital platform that hosts a virtual copy of the Mogao Grottoes’ Library Cave (藏经洞) to the world.
The platform was developed jointly by the Dunhuang Academy and the Chinese tech firm Tencent. It uses gaming technologies to show the historical scenes of the Library Cave in the digital world.
The Library Cave in Mogao Grottoes was discovered in 1900, with more than 60,000 cultural relics dating from the 4th century to the 11th century unearthed. It was one of the most important archaeological discoveries in the 20th century.
On the platform, visitors can role-play and “time travel” to ancient dynasties and talk with eight historical figures. The public can enter the platform through the Digital Dunhuang website and its WeChat mini program.
In the digital age, the model of “culture+technology” has been introduced to facilitate the development of Chinese culture. The digitalization rate of China’s precious cultural relics is now over 70 percent, according to the 2022 China Digital Collection Industry Research Report released by iResearch.
Institutions such as the Palace Museum have also started online digital services of their own. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology allows the public to view the interior of the buildings through the Palace Museum’s WeChat mini program.
The Ministry of Culture and Tourism has also encouraged the development and transformation of cultural intellectual property (知识产权) by digital means. China Central Television has created a series of digital collections with different Dunhuang themes, such as the Dunhuang divine deer (神鹿) Youyou. It was created based on the image of the nine-colored deer from Dunhuang murals (壁画). The public can see the divine deer on CCTV’s own digital platform.
Digital collections cater to the consumption habits of young people, who grow up in the information age. They not only protect the intellectual property of the collections but also bring the public closer to China’s “excellent traditional culture”, noted Dunhuang Art Institute.
Su Bomin, director of the Dunhuang Academy, told Xinhua that more efforts will be made to explore new forms for showing cultural relics and offer the public greater cultural experiences to develop Dunhuang culture.
24. Which of the following statements about the virtual copy of the Mogao Grottoes’ Library Cave is true
A. It was developed by the Dunhuang Academy alone.
B. The public can have access to it through Wechat mini program.
C. It has applied the latest time-traveling and gaming technology.
D. It was unearthed in 1900 with more than 60,000 cultural relics.
25. What is the purpose of the model of “culture+technology”
A. To show the latest gaming technologies.
B. To help cultural institutions make a profit.
C. To promote the development of Chinese culture.
D. To encourage people to explore Chinese cultural relics.
26. How does the author introduce the success of digital collections in Paragraph 7
A. By listing figures. B. By making comparisons.
C. By giving definitions. D. By giving examples.
27. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage
A. China’s new way in rebuilding Mogao Grottoes’ Library Cave.
B. China’s success in promoting the digitization rate of cultural relics.
C. China’s interactive digital platform in developing Dunhuang culture.
D. China’s latest advances in the development of cultural intellectual property.
【答案】24. B 25. C 26. D 27. C
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，文章主要介绍了《中国日报》联手敦煌莫高窟官方虚拟卡通人物“伽瑶”向世人介绍了一个互动数字平台，该平台存有敦煌莫高窟藏经洞的虚拟副本，并讲述了用数字工具弘扬中国文化遗产的作用。
24. 细节理解题。第四段第二句提到“The public can enter the platform through the Digital Dunhuang website and its WeChat mini program.”（公众可以通过数字敦煌网站及其微信小程序进入该平台。）由此判断，公众可以通过小程序进入该平台。B项符合文意。故选B。
25. 推理判断题。第五段第一句提到“In the digital age, the model of “culture+technology” has been introduced to facilitate the development of Chinese culture.”（在数字时代，“文化+科技”的模式被引入，促进了中国文化的发展）由此判断，该模式的引入是为了促进中国文化的发展。故选C。
26. 推理判断题。第七段第二三句提到“China Central Television has created a series of digital collections with different Dunhuang themes, such as the Dunhuang divine deer (神鹿) Youyou. It was created based on the image of the nine-colored deer from Dunhuang murals(壁画). The public can see the divine deer on CCTV’s own digital platform.”（中央电视台制作了一系列不同敦煌主题的数字合集，比如敦煌神鹿。它是根据敦煌壁画中的九色鹿形象创作的。公众可以在央视自己的数字平台上看到神鹿）该段提到了中央电视台也制作了一系列的敦煌主题数字合集，同时举出九色鹿的神鹿形象作为例子。故选D。
27. 主旨大意题。第一段提到“On April 18 — the International Day for Monuments and Sites, China Daily’s digital employee Yuanxi and Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes’ official virtual carto on figure Jiayao together introduced an interactive digital platform that hosts a virtual copy of the Mogao Grottoes’ Library Cave(藏经洞) to the world.”（4月18日，国际古迹遗址日，《中国日报》数字员工袁西与敦煌莫高窟官方虚拟人物“伽瑶”共同推出了一个互动数字平台，向世界展示了莫高窟图书馆洞的虚拟副本）由此判断，文章围绕敦煌文化数字平台展开，这一创作方式也拉进历史与公众的距离。C项符合文意，故选C。
8
Conservators and restorers have made continuous innovations in science and technology applications over the past few years in China to show cultural relics in a new light, literally, and help traditional culture shine with a greater vitality. With modern technology and equipment preserving the true colors of cultural heritage, now people can better appreciate history.
A 3D-printed copy of a green-faced Terracotta Warrior from the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC) at the Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum (Xi’an) recently attracted a large and appreciative audience at an exhibition in Chongqing, Southwest China.
The exhibition, Crafts First: Technology and Equipment for Cultural Relics Preservation, kicked off on Sept 27 and showcases technologies and equipment used in the prevention of damage, protection, research and management, as well as the use of cultural relics. It is said to be the first of its kind in the country. The exhibition will last three months.
The original Terracotta Warrior, on which the copy on show is based, was unearthed from pit No 2 in the Qinshihuang Mausoleum. It is the only one with a green face and is highly valuable for archaeological research, according to deputy curator (馆长) of the museum Zhou Ping.
Zhou said that to showcase the green-faced Terracotta Warrior — half-kneeling and painted in green and red — to the public, the museum came up with the idea of promoting a copy by using achievements in archaeology, materials science, arts and crafts, as well as new digitalization technology, such as spectrum analysis, high-definition scanning and 3D printing.
“I feel very proud that all the technologies and equipment are domestically developed,” said the curator. “I hope more and more high-tech enterprises are attracted to the field of cultural relics, which we believe is a real blue ocean market.”
28. What is true about the 3D-printed copy
A. It was unearthed from pit No 2.
B. It is a craftwork of multiple fields.
C. It is valuable due to its green face.
D. It is a well-preserved cultural relic.
29. What do we know about the exhibition
A. It has ended on Sept 27.
B. It shows many copies of relics.
C. It is a brand new kind of exhibition.
D. It attracts a large audience from Xi’an.
【答案】28. B 29. C
【解析】这是一篇说明文，本文主要介绍了在重庆举行的以科技在文物保护中的应用为主题的会展中的一件颇受欢迎的展品——3D打印的绿脸俑，以此来说明科技在文物保护中起到的作用。
28. 细节理解题。根据第五段“Zhou said that to showcase the green-faced Terracotta Warrior — half-kneeling and painted in green and red — to the public, the museum came up with the idea of promoting a copy by using achievements in archaeology, materials science, arts and crafts, as well as new digitalization technology, such as spectrum analysis, high-definition scanning and 3D printing.(周说，为了向公众展示绿脸俑，博物馆提出了一个想法，利用考古学、材料科学、艺术和工艺方面的成就，以及新的数字化技术，如光谱分析、高清扫描和3D打印，来推广一个复制品。)”可得知，这个3D打印的绿脸俑集众多领域的技术于一身。故选B。
29. 细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句话“It is said to be the first of its kind in the country. (据说这是该国首个此类项目。)”可得知，这个展览是这个种类的第一次，也就是说它是一个全新的会展种类。故选C。
9
DISCOVER WEEDON ISLAND’S ANCIENT PAST
If you are interested in archaeology, experience hands-on archaeology at Weedon Island Preserve, one of Florida’s exceptional archaeological sites. AWIARE offers one-week camp focused on archaeology for kids entering Grade 1 and 5. Students will learn about the basic archaeology through hands-on, interactive classroom projects, outdoor activities, and a visit to an archaeological site in the Tampa Bay area.
Day 1-2 Followed by engaging icebreaker activities and team-building exercises, participants will attend the speeches delivered by the world-known archaeologists. Dr. Robert Austin and Dr. John Arthur will respectively give speeches about the site and local history of the Tampa Bay area. The days will conclude with basic training on excavation techniques and tools, setting the groundwork for hands-on involvement in the archaeological exploration ahead.
Day 3-4 Participants will explore local historic sites long-covered by plants and learn how archaeologists survey sites using direct measurements, digital cameras, careful notes, and hand-held GPS units. This trip will also provide an opportunity to learn more about the environment in which these sites were created.
Day 5-7 Participants will be involved in assisting AWIARE researchers in excavation, recording data, screening sediment, and collecting artifacts, bone, and samples. What’s more, You will also help sorting and processing artifacts from the excavation and other sites in the Tampa Bay area.
Date: August 10-16, 2024
Time: 9: 00 am-5: 00 pm
Expedition cost: $300 per participant, which includes daily lunch at the AWIARE Research Station. Return campers receive a 20% discount.
Registration is now open for the Hands-On Archaeology Camps.
30. Who can be the target audience for the camp
A. Students in primary school. B. Kids interested in UK history.
C. Tourists interested in Weedon Island. D. Undergraduates majoring in archaeology.
31. What will participants probably do on August 13, 2024
A. Help improve the site’s environment. B. Help reconstruct ancient objects.
C. Assist professional excavations. D. Explore vegetation-covered local historic sites.
32. How much is the cost for two kids coming back this year
A. $240 B. $480. C. $600. D. $720.
【答案】30. A 31. D 32. B
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个考古夏令营活动的情况。
30. 细节理解题。根据第一段“AWIARE offers one-week camp focused on archaeology for kids entering Grade 1 and 5.(AWIARE为一年级和五年级的孩子提供为期一周的考古夏令营)”可知，小学生可以成为夏令营的目标受众。故选A。
31. 细节理解题。根据第三段“Day 3-4 Participants will explore local historic sites long-covered by plants and learn how archaeologists survey sites using direct measurements, digital cameras, careful notes, and hand-held GPS units.(第3-4天，参与者将探索长期被植物覆盖的当地历史遗迹，并学习考古学家如何使用直接测量、数码相机、仔细笔记和手持GPS装置来调查遗址)”以及“Date: August 10-16, 2024(日期：2024年8月10到16日)”可知，2024年8月13日参与者可能会探索植被覆盖的当地历史遗迹。故选D。
32. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Expedition cost: $300 per participant, which includes daily lunch at the AWIARE Research Station. Return campers receive a 20% discount.(考察费用：每位参与者300美元，其中包括在AWIARE研究站的每日午餐。返程露营者可享受八折优惠)”可知，两个孩子今年回来要花（300+300）×80%=480美元。故选B。
10
Called the “Daughter of Dunhuang”, Chinese archaeologist Fan Jinshi, 85, was awarded by UNESCO for her outstanding contribution to the protection of the Dunhuang Mogao Caves.
Fan Jinshi’s story with the caves started 60 years ago. In 1963, Fan, then a 25-year-old Peking University graduate, was assigned to work at the Mogao Caves, a place she had been longing to explore. Though her father was concerned about her health and tried to get her reassigned to a different place, Fan boarded a train and headed to the remote west.
“Seeing Dunhuang for the first time was absolutely breathtaking. But only when truly staying here did I realize inside the caves is a world of exceptional beauty while outside is a land of blowing sand and endless yellow earth,” Fan said. Back in those days, the Mogao Caves were almost cut off from the world. Fan and her coworkers had to live in mud houses and drink salty water. They stayed inside the caves to do research, trying whatever they could to protect and restore them. In 2011, after 40 years of hard work, a report on 10 Mogao Caves compiled (汇编) by Fan’s team was finally published, which was China’s first academic report on cave archaeology.
As time passed, Fan found a serious problem. The increasing number of tourists visiting Dunhuang might harm the caves, causing murals (壁画) to blur (变模糊) and colors to fade. In 1980s, Fan got to know computer technology by accident. She realized this might be the chance to preserve the Mogao Caves forever. After over 30 years of exploration, the Dunhuang Academy built a digital database, allowing Dunhuang’s art to live forever and to step out of the caves to meet the world.
“In my entire life, I’ve only done one thing: safeguard and promote the world cultural heritage — the Mogao Caves,” she told People’s Daily. “My heart belongs to Dunhuang.”
33. What can we learn about Fan from the article
A. She is a woman with determination.
B. Her health was affected by her stressful work.
C. She began her work at the Mogao Caves at 23.
D. Her father supported her job from the very beginning.
34. What was Fan’s initial impression of Dunhuang
A. It was an amazing place.
B. The environment was terrible.
C. She was almost cut off from the world.
D. The work conditions were better than expected.
35. What pushed Fan to establish a digital database for the Mogao Caves
A. Her interest in computer technology.
B. Her desire to promote Chinese culture.
C. The need to document the restoration work.
D. The increasing threat to the physical caves.
36. What does Fan think of her work in Dunhuang
A. It has earned her recognition. B. It has been her lifelong calling.
C. It has promoted cultural exchange. D. It has inspired many young people.
【答案】33. A 34. A 35. D 36. B
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了被称为“敦煌的女儿”的樊锦诗奉献一生保护敦煌莫高窟的经历。
33. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Though her father was concerned about her health and tried to get her reassigned to a different place, Fan boarded a train and headed to the remote west. (尽管她的父亲担心她的健康，并试图让她重新安排到一个不同的地方，樊锦诗还是登上了火车，前往遥远的西部)”和第三段中“Back in those days, the Mogao Caves were almost cut off from the world. Fan and her coworkers had to live in mud houses and drink salty water. They stayed inside the caves to do research, trying whatever they could to protect and restore them. (在那些日子里，莫高窟几乎与世界隔绝。樊锦诗和她的同事不得不住在泥房子里，喝咸水。他们留在洞穴里做研究，尽其所能保护和恢复它们)”可知，虽然父亲不希望樊锦诗前往莫高窟工作，但她还是坚持自己的想法来到这里，在艰苦的环境中保护和修复这里的文物。由此推知，她是一个有决心的女人。故选A项。
34. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Seeing Dunhuang for the first time was absolutely breathtaking. (第一次看到敦煌绝对是激动人心的)”可知，樊锦诗初次见到敦煌时，认为这是一个神奇的地方。故选A项。
35. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The increasing number of tourists visiting Dunhuang might harm the caves, causing murals (壁画) to blur (变模糊) and colors to fade. In 1980s, Fan got to know computer technology by accident. She realized this might be the chance to preserve the Mogao Caves forever. (越来越多的游客参观敦煌可能会损害洞穴，导致壁画模糊和颜色褪色。20世纪80年代，樊锦诗偶然接触到计算机技术。她意识到这可能是永远保护莫高窟的机会)”可知，因为实体洞穴面临的威胁越来越大，樊锦诗建立了莫高窟的数字数据库。故选D项。
36. 细节理解题。根据最后一段““In my entire life, I’ve only done one thing: safeguard and promote the world cultural heritage — the Mogao Caves,” she told People’s Daily. “My heart belongs to Dunhuang.” (“在我的一生中，我只做了一件事：保护和推广世界文化遗产——莫高窟，”她在接受《人民日报》采访时表示。“我的心属于敦煌。”)”可知，樊锦诗认为在敦煌的工作是自己一生的使命。故选B项。
11
My name is Arianna Traviglia and I’m a senior cultural and heritage researcher at the Centre for Cultural Heritage Technology at the Italian Institute of Technology in Genoa, Italy.
As head of the team, I encourage the development of new technologies to maintain and protect important archaeological (考古学的) findings. Right now, I am working in the field of Pompeii, an ancient Roman city which was destroyed and buried under 13 to 20 feet of ash and small rocks during a volcanic eruption in 79 AD. With the help of a robot, I try to carefully reconstruct (重建) the city’s 2,000-year-old broken frescoes (壁画). The project is called RePAIR.
There are thousands of fresco pieces in Pompeii, and it was nearly impossible for a human to reconstruct all the irregular pieces into big, meaningful paintings in the past. Technology now allows us to do it-the robot we use is running by artificial intelligence (AI). As it examines a piece, it searches a database for a match, and then sends the data back to its hands to fit matching pieces together, saving a lot of hours. Its soft human-like arms and hands allow it to hold and examine the easily broken pieces without damaging them. The technology is likely to allow many museums around the world to reconstruct large-scale broken frescoes or similar objects in the future.
In RePAIR, I’m studying the hyperspectral (高光谱的) images of the fresco pieces in storage and comparing them with the paintings on the walls of the House of the Painters at Work, part of a building in Pompeii. By comparing the resemblances in the images, we will be able to work out whether the broken pieces were from the same wall.
I studied history and archaeology in college. Archaeology helps us understand where we come from, and technology enriches that exploration. I’m glad I’m a translator of the two worlds. My mind runs wild when I think about the exciting Roman life that we are still missing because Pompeii’s frescoes were damaged and haven’t been reconstructed.
37. What is the author mainly responsible for now
A. Repairing the damaged archaeological findings. B. Designing robots used for archaeology.
C. Discovering ancient cities hidden beneath the ground. D. Reporting on recent studies of historical ruins.
38. What is mentioned about the robot used in the project
A. It may cause further damage to artworks. B. It takes more time to the examine the artworks.
C. It doesn’t need human operators. D. It has already been widely used in museums.
39. What does the underlined word “resemblances” in Paragraph4 mean
A. Mistakes. B. Similarities. C. Damages. D. Documents.
40. How does the author find her work in RePAIR
A. Dangerous. B. Meaningful. C. Relaxing. D. Successful.
【答案】37. A 38. C 39. B 40. B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了作者借助机器人复原庞贝古城破碎的壁画的故事。
37. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Right now, I am working in the field of Pompeii, an ancient Roman city which was destroyed and buried under 13 to 20 feet of ash and small rocks during a volcanic eruption in 79 AD. With the help of a robot, I try to carefully reconstruct (重建) the city’s 2,000-year-old broken frescoes ( 壁画 ).（现在，我正在庞贝古城工作，这是一座古罗马城市，在公元79年的一次火山爆发中被摧毁并埋在13到20英尺厚的火山灰和小岩石下。在机器人的帮助下，我试图仔细地重建这座城市有2000年历史的破碎壁画。）”可知，作者现在正在机器人的帮助下，试图仔细地重建这座城市有2000年历史的破碎壁画。即作者正在修复损坏的考古发现。故选A。
38. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Technology now allows us to do it-the robot we use is running by artificial intelligence (AI). As it examines a piece, it searches a database for a match, and then sends the data back to its hands to fit matching pieces together, saving a lot of hours. Its soft human-like arms and hands allow it to hold and examine the easily broken pieces without damaging them. The technology is likely to allow many museums around the world to reconstruct large-scale broken frescoes or similar objects in the future.（现在的技术允许我们这样做——我们使用的机器人是由人工智能(AI)运行的。当它检查一个零件时，它会在数据库中搜索匹配，然后将数据发送回它的手，将匹配的零件组装在一起，节省了很多时间。它柔软的像人一样的手臂和手使它能够握住和检查容易破碎的碎片而不会损坏它们。未来这项技术可能会让世界各地的许多博物馆重建大型破碎的壁画或类似的物品。）”可知，作者使用的机器人是由人工智能运行的，即机器人不用人类来运行；选项C符合题意；机器人的使用节省了很多时间。选项B错误；机器人柔软的像人一样的手臂和手使它能够握住和检查容易破碎的碎片而不会损坏它们。选项A错误；未来这项技术可能会让世界各地的许多博物馆重建大型破碎的壁画或类似的物品，可推知，使用机器人来帮助修复破损的文物的实践现在并未广泛使用，选项D错误。故选C。
39. 词句猜测题。根据第四段“In RePAIR, I’m studying the hyperspectral ( 高光谱的 ) images of the fresco pieces in storage and comparing them with the paintings on the walls of the House of the Painters at Work, part of a building in Pompeii. By comparing the resemblances in the images, we will be able to work out whether the broken pieces were from the same wall.（在“修复”项目中，我正在研究储存的壁画作品的高光谱图像，并将它们与庞贝一座建筑的“在职画家之家”(House of the Painters at Work)墙壁上的画作进行比较。通过比较图像中的resemblances之处，我们将能够计算出破碎的碎片是否来自同一面墙。）”可知，在“修复”项目中，我需要把储存的壁画作品的高光谱图像和庞贝一座建筑的“在职画家之家”(House of the Painters at Work)墙壁上的画作进行比较。通过比较图像，进而确定破碎的碎片是否来自同一面墙。可推知，这里指通过把高光谱图像和墙上的壁画图像作比较，发现两者的相似之处，就可以确定破碎的碎片是来自同一面墙。因此划线词此处的意思为“相似性”，故选B。
40. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Archaeology helps us understand where we come from, and technology enriches that exploration. I’m glad I’m a translator of the two worlds. （考古学帮助我们了解我们从哪里来，而科技丰富了这种探索。我很高兴我是两个世界的翻译。）”可知，作者很享受自己所从事的工作，即作者感觉自己的工作是有意义的。故选B。
二、完形填空
In 1968 a grave dating from about 1100 was uncovered near Hattula, in Finland, Little remained of the occupant’s skeleton, but the inhumation included two swords and a knife. Such grave goods would normally suggest said occupant was a man. The skeleton was, 41 also decorated with brooches (胸针) and woollen clothing of types more usually worn at the time by women. This 42 guess that the burial was actually of a powerful woman, possibly a local ruler in her own right rather than just the wife of a male king.
This would be noteworthy enough. But a re-examination of the remains, just published in the European Journal of Archaeology by Ulla Moilanen of the University of Turku and Elina Salmela of the University of Helsinki, suggests the truth may be yet more 43 . Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela suspect that the individual 44 may have had outward characteristics of both a man and a woman.
In 1968 working out the 45 of a skeleton in an ancient grave was tricky. After years of deterioration, the bones of men and women look pretty much 46 . But that was before the use of DNA became possible. So Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela thought it worth trying again.
Most people have two sex chromosomes (染色体): XX in women and XY in men. Find DNA from a Y-chromosome in a skeleton and the chances are the body was 47 . And, looking at a fragment of femur brought to her by Ms. Moilanen, who is the archaeologist in the 48 , Dr. Salmela, who is the geneticist, did indeed find such DNA. But not much of it. That led her to wonder about contamination (污染), but also to consider whether the individual in the grave had had a(n) 49 X-chromosome that was swamping the signal from the Y.
Having an abnormal number of sex chromosomes is rare, but not vanishingly so. The particular 50 XXY leads to what is known as Klinefelter’s syndrome. To determine the occupant’s karyotype (染色体组型) from the tiny amount of DNA available, Dr. Salmela drew 51 with living people. The grave delivered 8,329 pieces, so she used a computer to draw samples of similar size from the genomes of living people with various karyotypes, including XXY, and also from mixtures of both sexes, to 52 contamination. She then compared these with the DNA from the grave and 53 it was 99.75% probable the individual concerned had indeed had Klinefelter’s syndrome.
While Dr Salmela was working all this out, Ms. Moilanen and her team had another look at the grave. They confirmed that it was a 54 burial. For instance, they found evidence of fine furs, probably from foxes. Clearly, this was a well-respected human being, but what led to that 55 in a world then dominated by male values is a matter of puzzle. Perhaps the person came from a family powerful enough for such things not to matter.
41. A. therefore B. what’s more C. nevertheless D. for instance
42. A. intensified B. confirmed C. dismissed D. encouraged
43. A. complicated B. engaging C. unpleasant D. frightening
44. A. in question B. at large C. by comparison D. with doubt
45. A. composition B. age C. sex D. origin
46. A. distinct B. unidentified C. alike D. broken
47. A. female B. old C. young D. male
48. A. cooperation B. authority C. institute D. adventure
49. A. restored B. extra C. missing D. dominant
50. A. requirement B. interest C. combination D. emphasis
51. A. inspirations B. lessons C. inferences D. comparisons
52. A. eliminate B. monitor C. imitate D. generate
53. A. rejected B. concluded C. recalled D. confessed
54. A. high-status B. secret C. religious D. peaceful
55. A. conclusion B. evidence C. respect D. solution
【答案】
41. C 42. A 43. B 44. A 45. C 46. C 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. C 51. D 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。1968年，在芬兰的哈图拉附近发现了一座大约1100年的坟墓，居住者的骨骼几乎没有留下，但在尸体中发现了两把剑和一把刀。这样的墓葬通常表明死者是男性。然而，他的骨架上也装饰着胸针和当时女性更常穿的羊毛衣服。这导致了考古学家对墓葬遗骸的性别的猜测。
41. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，骨架上还装饰着胸针和当时女性更常穿的羊毛衣服。A. therefore因此；B. what’s more而且；C. nevertheless但是；D. for instance例如。根据上句“but the inhumation included two swords and a knife. Such grave goods would normally suggest said occupant was a man. (但尸体上有两把剑和一把刀。这样的墓葬通常表明死者是男性)”可知，上下句之间是转折关系，故选C。
42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这让人们更加猜测，埋葬的实际上是一位有权势的女性，可能是当地的一位统治者，而不仅仅是一位男性国王的妻子。A. intensified增强；B. confirmed证实；C. dismissed开除，解散；D. encouraged鼓励。根据上句“The skeleton was, 1 also decorated with brooches (胸针) and woollen clothing of types more usually worn at the time by women. (尽管如此，骨架上还装饰着胸针和当时女性更常穿的羊毛衣服。)” 可知，骨架上装饰着的胸针和当时女性更常穿的羊毛衣服更加的让人们猜测，埋葬的实际上是一位有权势的女性。故选A。
43. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是，图尔库大学的Ulla Moilanen和赫尔辛基大学的Elina Salmela刚刚在《欧洲考古学杂志》上发表的对这些遗骸的重新检查表明，真相可能更吸引人。A. complicated复杂的；B. engaging迷人的，吸引人的；C. unpleasant不愉快的；D. frightening吓人的。根据后句“Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela suspect that the individual 4 may have had outward characteristics of both a man and a woman.( Moilanen女士和Salmela博士怀疑这个人可能同时具有男性和女性的外在特征)”可知，遗骸可能同时具有男性和女性的外在特征的真相是非常的吸引人的。故选B。
44. 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：Moilanen女士和Salmela博士怀疑这个人可能同时具有男性和女性的外在特征。A. in question存在疑问或不确定性的事物；B. at large未被限制的；自由的；C. by comparison相比之下，比较起来；D. with doubt怀疑地。根据本句中的“suspect(怀疑)” 可知，人们对遗骸存在疑问。故选A。
45. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1968年，在一座古墓中确定一具骨骼的性别是件棘手的事情。A. composition成分构成，成分；B. age年龄；C. sex性别；D. origin起源。根据后句“After years of deterioration, the bones of men and women look pretty much 6 . (经过多年的退化，男性和女性的骨骼看起来非常相似。)”可知，确定一具骨骼的性别是件棘手的事情。故选C。
46. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经过多年的退化，男性和女性的骨骼看起来非常相似。A. distinct不同的，有区别的；B. unidentified未经确认的；C. alike相似的；D. broke损坏的，破碎的；根据上句“In 1968 working out the 5 of a skeleton in an ancient grave was tricky. (1968年，在一座古墓中确定一具骨骼的性别是件棘手的事情)”可知，因为男性和女性的骨骼看起来非常相似，所以在一座古墓中确定一具骨骼的性别是件棘手的事情。故选C。
47. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在骨骼中发现y染色体的DNA，很有可能是男性。A. female女性的，妇女的；B. old年老的；C. young年轻的；D. male男性的。根据上句“Most people have two sex chromosomes (染色体): XX in women and XY in men. (大多数人有两条性染色体：女性为XX，男性为XY。)” 可知，在骨骼中发现Y染色体的DNA很可能是男性。故选D。
48. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她看着莫伊拉宁带给她的一块股骨碎片，莫伊拉宁是这次合作的考古学家。A. cooperation合作；B. authority专家；C. institute研究所，学院，协会；D. adventure冒险（经历），奇遇。根据后文“She then compared these with the DNA from the grave and 13 it was 99.75% probable the individual concerned had indeed had Klinefelter’s syndrome. (然后，她将这些DNA与坟墓里的DNA进行了比较，得出结论：这个人确实患有克兰费尔特综合症的可能性为99.75%。)”可知，考古学家是相互的合作的。故选A。
49. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这让她怀疑污染，但也让她考虑坟墓里的人是否有一条额外的X染色体，它淹没了来自Y的信号。A. restored精力恢复的；B. extra额外的；C. missing丢失的；D. dominant占支配地位的，占优势的。根据后文“The particular 10 XXY leads to what is known as Klinefelter’s syndrome. (这种特殊的组合导致了所谓的克氏综合症。)” 可知，Salmela考虑坟墓里的人是否有一条额外的X染色体。故选B。
50. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种特殊的组合导致了所谓的克氏综合症。A. requirement要求，必要条件；B. interest兴趣，关注；C. combination结合；D. emphasis强调。根据上文“That led her to wonder about contamination (污染), but also to consider whether the individual in the grave had had a(n) 9 X-chromosome that was swamping the signal from the Y. (这让她怀疑污染，但也让她考虑坟墓里的人是否有一条额外的x染色体，它淹没了来自Y的信号。)”可知，XXY是一种特殊的组合。故选C。
51. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了从可用的微量DNA中确定居住者的组型，Salmela博士与活着的人进行了比较。A. inspirations启示；B. lessons课程；C. inferences推理；D. comparisons比较。根据本句“with living people (活着的人)”可知，Salmela博士将DNA与活着的人进行了比较。故选D。
52. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：坟墓里有8329块碎片，所以她用电脑从不同组型的活人基因组中提取了类似大小的样本，包括XXY，也有来自两性混合物的样本，以模拟污染。A. eliminate剔除，根除；B. monitor监控；C. imitate模仿； D. generate产生，引起。根据“so she used a computer to draw samples of similar size from the genomes of living people with various karyotypes, including XXY, and also from mixtures of both sexes (因此，她用电脑从不同组型(包括XXY)的活人基因组中提取了类似大小的样本，也从两性的混合体中提取了样本)” 可知，Salmela博士这样做的目的是模拟污染。故选C。
53. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，她将这些DNA与坟墓里的DNA进行了比较，得出结论：这个人确实患有克兰费尔特综合症的可能性为99.75%。A. rejected拒绝，驳回；B. concluded得出的结论；C. recalled拒绝，驳回；D. confessed坦白，认罪。根据“She then compared these with the DNA from the grave (然后，她将这些DNA与坟墓中的DNA进行了比较)”可知，她将这些DNA与坟墓中的DNA进行了比较进而得出结论。故选B。
54. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在Salmela博士研究这一切的同时，Moilanen女士和她的团队对坟墓进行了另一次观察。他们确认这是一场地位很高的葬礼。A. high-status高级职位的；B. secret秘密的；C. religious宗教的；D. peaceful和平的。根据“For instance, they found evidence of fine furs, probably from foxes. (例如，他们发现了可能来自狐狸的精美皮毛的证据。)” 可知，根据陪葬品来看，这是一场地位很高的葬礼。故选A。
55. 考查词名词词义辨析。句意：但是，在一个当时由男性价值观主导的世界里，是什么导致了这种尊重，这是一个谜。 A. conclusion结论；B. evidence证据；C. respect尊重；D. solution解决办法。根据上句“Clearly, this was a well-respected human being(很明显，这是一位受人尊敬的人)”可知，这场葬礼是非常的受人尊重的。故选C。
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The recent opening of a new exhibition building at the Sanxingdui Museum, in Guanghan, in Sichuan province, made the place 56 instant tourist hot spot. The bronze heads, golden masks, holy trees and various statues reveal the 57 (mystery) faces of a culture dating back more than 3, 000 years.
For those who cannot make it to Guanghan, 58 the extensive site of Sanxingdui is located, an immersive exhibition 59 (equip) with digital technology, titled Hello Sanxingdui, offers an alternative means to be awed by the magnificence of this Bronze Age culture. It is running at the Longfu Art Museum in Beijing until Feb 29.
It provides a time-travel experience for both an educational and artistic appeal. The journey begins 60 a brief timeline of texts, photos and videos, showing how Sanxingdui was first discovered in the 1920s, when objects were found by farmers digging an irrigation ditch (灌溉沟渠); it 61 (highlight) the important moments in the past century’s continued archaeological efforts, to reveal the myths surrounding Sanxingdui and the secrets yet 62 (uncover).
On show 63 (be) life-size reproductions of dozens of astonishing artifacts, supervised by Sanxingdui Museum, such as 2. 6-meter bronze statues, 3. 8-meter-wide bronze masks and “the holy tree” standing nearly 4 meters.
Images of these objects found at Sanxingdui and their patterns have been digitalized, animated 64 projected on screens, leading the audience into the ancient kingdom of Shu, a 65 (civilize) that thrived for centuries in the southwest during the Zhou Dynasty, and disappeared suddenly, leaving many myths and legends.
【答案】
56. an 57. mysterious 58. 05.考古发现
一、阅读理解
1
The cooperation between the Ten cent’s Digital Culture Laboratory (DCL) and the Sichuan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology is ground-breaking. Using digital technologies such as AI, big data, cloud computing, knowledge graphs and computer vision, thousands of pieces unearthed from the Sanxingdui are being scanned, analyzed and calculated to determine whether or how they can be pieced back together.
This greatly improves efficiency (效率) and presents new situations that may not have been possible through traditional means. A 4,500-year-old bronze statue from Sanxingdui, for centuries in broken and bent pieces, now appears in its impressive form. The restoration (修复) is an important development for archaeology—it’s digital.
The bronze statue shows a four-legged beast with a worshipper kneeling on its back. The beast and the kneeling worshipper were unearthed separately from two different holes in 2021. Through markings on the beast’s back and the worshipper’s knees, the team guessed they may have been part of the same statue.3D modeling and AI analysis of size, weight and balance helped the team to decide that the two belonged puter vision aided in straightening the bent parts and filling in missing pieces, such as an ear and an arm.
Sanxingdui is believed to be part of the ancient Shu Kingdom. There is no written text on how the Shu people lived or why they disappeared. Clues to their existence come from relics. While some relics were discovered in the late 1920s, detailed archaeological excavations (挖掘) began only in the 1980s when the first two holes were unearthed. Six more came to light in 2021. All uncovered relics suggest a civilization not only technologically advanced, but also earlier than first thought.
“There is more to the work we are doing than just archaeology.” said Zhan Shu, Head of DCL. The project will include the Shu people’s history and culture into video games, music, and literature so that the past can be more related to the younger generations.
1. What can we know about the restoration of the bronze statue
A. Digital technologies provided a new solution.
B. The restoration was completed by hand.
C. Traditional ways helped fill in missing parts.
D. Major parts were discovered in one single hole.
2. What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about Sanxingdui
A. Its newly-found written text. B. Its sudden disappearance.
C. Its excavation method. D. Its archaeological value.
3. Why does the project include Shu history in modern media
A. To provide relaxation means. B. To reform music education.
C. To connect youths with history. D. To highlight Shu technology.
4. What would be the best title for this text
A. Digital Technologies: Changing Archaeological Practices
B. Sanxingdui: The Lost Civilization of the Shu Kingdom
C. Uncovering the Secrets of Ancient Bronze Statue
D. Promoting Culture Through History Education
2
As a kid, Pamela Akuku spent her weekends exploring the National Museums of Kenya, following along with her mom who worked there. Akuku became fascinated with the researchers. She saw them using various equipment and researching the fossils carefully. “But I didn’t know what they were doing at the time,” she says. “I kept asking my mom about it.”
Akuku’s mom saw her daughter’s curiosity and signed her up for the museum’s Young Researchers Club. Akuku soon took part in mock excavations (模拟挖掘) and reconstructed bones. “I enjoyed reading and puzzles,” says Akuku. “And this was a mixture of the two.”
The museum experiences helped inspire her career as an archeologist. After her four years in university, she was sure that she wanted to study archaeology. She did her master’s in South Africa and majored in zooarchaeology (动物考古学). She is now at the Catalan Institute of Human Paleoecology and Social Evolution in Tarragona, Spain. There, she studies how ancient humans modified (改良) animal bones. Her research is helping to reveal more about where early humans lived. She’s currently studying the remains from Tanzania’s Olduvai Gorge, where researchers previously discovered stone tools and evidence of early human ancestors going back as far as 2 million years.
Akuku gives some advice to people who want to do her job. “Be prepared to come across hard conditions. Working in this field is challenging. You have to work twice as hard just to be recognized,” Akuku said. But she has learned to deal with it. Now she always tells everyone the efforts are worthy.
5. Why did Akuku’s mother let her join in the Young Researchers Club
A. Akuku showed interest in the club.
B. Akuku’s mom was curious about the club.
C. Akuku’s mom wanted Akuku to help with her job.
D. Akuku hoped to be an archaeologist.
6. What is Akuku’s present research about
A. Why zooarchaeology is popular. B. When the relics of Tarragona appeared.
C. What can be found from ancient fossils. D. How ancient people modified animal bones.
7. What can we know about Tanzania’s Olduvai Gorge
A. Many stone tools remain to be found there.
B. Ancient human may live there 2 million years ago.
C. There are few relics left at present.
D. Few researchers show interest in it.
8. In Akuku’s opinion, if you wish to be an archaeologist, you should ______.
A. deal with challenges with colleagues B. learn to be very smart
C. do the job harder than other people D. believe what you do is important
3
Every day people joined archaeologists and artists in finding some of the year’s most dramatic discoveries. Below are some examples of 2023.
“Naughty pupils”-ancient punishment method resurfaces
Archaeologists discovered 18,000 ink-carved pieces of pottery-known as “ostraca”—at the site of Athribis early this year, and among them were hundreds of fragments(碎片)with a single symbol repeated front and back.
Those scribbles(潦草的文字)are evidence of ‘naughty “pupils” being made to write lines, according to researchers a Germany’s University of Tuebingen. The fragments also included receipts, school texts, trade information and lists of names.
Van Gogh peers out in hidden portrait
There is one more known van Gogh’s self-portrait in the world, and it was hidden behind a painting of a peasant woman. People made the discovery when they took an X-ray of one of his portraits from 1885 and discovered the artist’s own image behind layers of cardboard and glue. While X-rays often reveal how artists-changed their compositions, the full self-portrait of van Gogh came as a huge surprise, who was known to reuse canvase(画布)to save money.
Another treasure collection from Sanxingdui
The Sanxingdui archaeological site has produced thousands of relics. The latest discovery, reported by Chinese state media in June includes 3,155 objects, a turtle shell-shaped box and a sacrificial altar among them. A team has been digging six places of the site, turning up more than 13,000 objects so far. Last year, the relics they uncovered included a golden mask, ivory artifacts(手工艺品)and a jade knife. The Sanxingdui culture still remains mysterious, as it left behind no written records or human remains, though many believe it to be part of the ancient kingdom of Shu, which ruled along the upper stream of the Yangtze River until it was conquered in 316 BC.
9. What led to the researchers’ conclusion about the fragments
A. The repeated symbol. B. Trade information.
C. Lists of pupils’ names. D. The mark of ink.
10. Why did van Gogh hide his self-portrait in a painting
A. To keep away from X-rays.
B. To save money.
C. To make his works more mysterious.
D. To help people find his composition.
11. Which is the newly-unearthed relic of 2023 in Sanxingdui site
A. A jade knife. B. A golden mask.
C. A written record. D. A turtle shell-shaped box.
4
Although literacy appeared independently in several parts of the prehistoric world, the earliest evidence of writing is the cuneiform Sumerian script on the clay tablets of ancient Mesopotamia, which, archaeological detective work has revealed, had its origins in the accounting practices of commercial activity. Researchers demonstrated that preliterate people, to keep track of the goods they produced and exchanged, created a system of accounting using clay tokens as symbolic representations of their products. Over many thousands of years, the symbols evolved through several stages of abstraction until they became wedge-shaped (cuneiform) signs on clay tablets, recognizable as writing.
The original tokens were three-dimensional solid shapes — tiny spheres, cones, disks, and cylinders. A debt of six units of grain and eight head of livestock, for example, might have been represented by six conical and eight cylindrical tokens. To keep batches of tokens together, an innovation was introduced whereby they were sealed inside clay envelopes that could be broken open and counted when it came time for a debt to be repaid. But because the contents of the envelopes could easily be forgotten, two-dimensional representations of the three-dimensional tokens were impressed into the surface of the envelopes before they were sealed. Eventually, having two sets of equivalent symbols — the internal tokens and external markings — came to seem redundant, so the tokens were eliminated, and only solid clay tablets with two-dimensional symbols were retained. Over time, the symbols became more numerous, varied, and abstract and came to represent more than trade commodities, evolving eventually into cuneiform writing.
The evolution of the symbolism is reflected in the archaeological record first of all by the increasing complexity of the tokens themselves. The earliest tokens, dating from about 10,000 to 6,000 years ago, were of only the simplest geometric shapes. But about 3500 B. C. E., more complex tokens came into common usage, including many naturalistic forms shaped like miniature tools, furniture, fruit, and humans.
12. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about clay envelopes
A. They contained batches of tokens. B. They could be reused frequently.
C. They had markings on the outside. D. They could be used to record debts.
13. Which of the following can be inferred about the difference between earlier tokens and later tokens
A. Later tokens were made of many different materials, but earlier ones were made only of clay.
B. Later tokens often looked like the commodities that they represented, but earlier ones did not.
C. Later tokens represented agricultural products, but earlier ones represented finished products.
D. Later tokens were based on pictographs, but earlier ones were based on naturalistic forms.
14. Which of the sentences best expresses the essential information in the underlined sentence
A. Sumerian script, the earliest known form of writing among prehistoric writing systems, was first used on clay tablets for accounting purposes.
B. Although the earliest Sumerians engaged in commercial activity and practiced accounting, they were not as literate as people in other parts of the prehistoric world.
C. Archaeologists have discovered that literacy was developed in several parts of the world, including ancient Mesopotamia.
D. Archaeological detective work has revealed the commercial accounting practices of the Sumerians of ancient Mesopotamia and provided a written record of their intense commercial activity.
15. What might be the best title for the text
A. Evidence of the Earliest Writing B. A long history of tokens
C. Evolution of the symbolism D. Origins of the symbols
5
Believe it or not, sheep are playing an important role in protecting the ruins of Pompeii, an ancient Roman city that was buried under volcanic ash about 2,000 years ago.
Archaeologists have been digging the ruins for over 250 years, but only two-thirds of the 66-hectare area have been explored, reported CNN. To prevent the unexcavated (未发掘的) parts of the ruins from being naturally damaged over time, archaeologists have turned to a group of 150 sheep for help.
Many grassy hills there are dotted (布满) with the remains of old houses and shops. Grass and other plants can cause problems if they are left to grow on ancient walls and houses. Therefore, the task of these sheep is to eat up the grass, preventing any overgrowth that may harm the ruins. Besides, turning to sheep instead of herbicides (除草剂) costs less and is more environment-friendly.
This sheepy solution is part of the Pompeii Archaeological Park’s protection efforts. Since 2018, new excavations have been launched (启动) in Regio V area, the northern part of the city. It has resulted in exciting discoveries such as frescoes (壁画), a snack shop, and the skeletal remains (遗骸) of people who died in the disaster.
Gabriel Zuchtriegel, director of the Pompeii Archaeological Park, told Go Top News that the sheep initiative (倡议) is a sustainable (可持续的) project that saves money and protects the landscape. Besides, the sheep have become part of the landscape itself, bringing the ancient city back to life. “It’s also something that really gives an idea of what Pompeii was like when it was rediscovered,” said Zuchtriegel. “It was forests, vineyards, sheep and that kind of rural setting, and in the middle of it was Pompeii.”
16. Why do the archaeologists use sheep
A. To excavate Pompeii quickly. B. To reduce overgrowth of grass.
C. To save herbicides. D. To promote economy of this area.
17. What can we infer from paragraph 4
A. The sheep solution has caused some trouble. B. It has cost a lot of money to excavate the ruins.
C. The discoveries have puzzled archaeologists. D. Much work has been done to protect Pompeii.
18. How did Zuchtriegel find the initiative
A. Helpful. B. Worrying. C. Annoying. D. Doubtful.
19. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. New Discovery in Ruins B. Sheep Rescuing Pompeii
C. Archaeologists’ Achievements(成就) D. People Worrying about Pompeii
6
“Some inconspicuous (不起眼的) artifacts, once unearthed and cleaned, can transport me back across time as I touch them. It’s as though I were in the same space with ancient people who lived millions of years ago.” This is what Xu Danyang, a young member of the Communist Party of China responsible for excavation of the No. 4 sacrificial pit (祭祀坑) at the Sanxingdui ruins site in Deyang, Sichuan province, says of his view of his job.
Archaeology used to be a field few university students wanted to study, Xu says. However, discoveries at Sanxingdui have changed students’ preconceptions. The increasing popularity of Sanxingdui is a good thing, Xu says. The reason why the site has attracted international attention is that bronze ware and gold decorations unearthed there have given people fresh glimpses of the ancient Shu Kingdom, illustrating the inclusiveness of Chinese civilization.
Speaking of the pit team, Xu says more than half the members were born in the 1990s. The daily work of Xu and his team can be split into two parts: the indoor work of reorganizing materials and conducting research, and the outdoor archaeological fieldwork, both of which require great meticulousness (谨小慎微). The process of dig needs careful teamwork, and everyone performs their duties extremely. One does not expect quick success or instant rewards. So patience is a must. The infinite nature of human history can be reflected as one connects seemingly insignificant discoveries.
20. What does the underlined words “excavation” in paragraph 1 mean
A. Discovery. B. Dig. C. Invention. D. Breakthrough.
21. What effect have the discoveries at Sanxingdui had on students’ view of archaeology
A. Decreased interest in studying archaeology.
B. No change in people’s view.
C. Decreased attention on Sanxingdui.
D. Increased interest in studying archaeology.
22. What has attracted international attention to the Sanxingdui ruins site
A. Unearthed bronze ware and gold decorations.
B. Careful teamwork.
C. Xu Danyang’s view of his job.
D. The inclusive nature of Chinese civilization.
23. What quality is crucial for success in the field of archaeology
A. Quick success and instant rewards.
B. Careful teamwork and patience.
C. Decreased attention.
D. Reorganizing materials.
7
On April 18—the International Day for Monuments and Sites, China Daily’s digital employee Yuanxi and Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes’ official virtual carto on figure Jiayao together introduced an interactive digital platform that hosts a virtual copy of the Mogao Grottoes’ Library Cave (藏经洞) to the world.
The platform was developed jointly by the Dunhuang Academy and the Chinese tech firm Tencent. It uses gaming technologies to show the historical scenes of the Library Cave in the digital world.
The Library Cave in Mogao Grottoes was discovered in 1900, with more than 60,000 cultural relics dating from the 4th century to the 11th century unearthed. It was one of the most important archaeological discoveries in the 20th century.
On the platform, visitors can role-play and “time travel” to ancient dynasties and talk with eight historical figures. The public can enter the platform through the Digital Dunhuang website and its WeChat mini program.
In the digital age, the model of “culture+technology” has been introduced to facilitate the development of Chinese culture. The digitalization rate of China’s precious cultural relics is now over 70 percent, according to the 2022 China Digital Collection Industry Research Report released by iResearch.
Institutions such as the Palace Museum have also started online digital services of their own. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology allows the public to view the interior of the buildings through the Palace Museum’s WeChat mini program.
The Ministry of Culture and Tourism has also encouraged the development and transformation of cultural intellectual property (知识产权) by digital means. China Central Television has created a series of digital collections with different Dunhuang themes, such as the Dunhuang divine deer (神鹿) Youyou. It was created based on the image of the nine-colored deer from Dunhuang murals (壁画). The public can see the divine deer on CCTV’s own digital platform.
Digital collections cater to the consumption habits of young people, who grow up in the information age. They not only protect the intellectual property of the collections but also bring the public closer to China’s “excellent traditional culture”, noted Dunhuang Art Institute.
Su Bomin, director of the Dunhuang Academy, told Xinhua that more efforts will be made to explore new forms for showing cultural relics and offer the public greater cultural experiences to develop Dunhuang culture.
24. Which of the following statements about the virtual copy of the Mogao Grottoes’ Library Cave is true
A. It was developed by the Dunhuang Academy alone.
B. The public can have access to it through Wechat mini program.
C. It has applied the latest time-traveling and gaming technology.
D. It was unearthed in 1900 with more than 60,000 cultural relics.
25. What is the purpose of the model of “culture+technology”
A. To show the latest gaming technologies.
B. To help cultural institutions make a profit.
C. To promote the development of Chinese culture.
D. To encourage people to explore Chinese cultural relics.
26. How does the author introduce the success of digital collections in Paragraph 7
A. By listing figures. B. By making comparisons.
C. By giving definitions. D. By giving examples.
27. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage
A. China’s new way in rebuilding Mogao Grottoes’ Library Cave.
B. China’s success in promoting the digitization rate of cultural relics.
C. China’s interactive digital platform in developing Dunhuang culture.
D. China’s latest advances in the development of cultural intellectual property.
8
Conservators and restorers have made continuous innovations in science and technology applications over the past few years in China to show cultural relics in a new light, literally, and help traditional culture shine with a greater vitality. With modern technology and equipment preserving the true colors of cultural heritage, now people can better appreciate history.
A 3D-printed copy of a green-faced Terracotta Warrior from the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BC) at the Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum (Xi’an) recently attracted a large and appreciative audience at an exhibition in Chongqing, Southwest China.
The exhibition, Crafts First: Technology and Equipment for Cultural Relics Preservation, kicked off on Sept 27 and showcases technologies and equipment used in the prevention of damage, protection, research and management, as well as the use of cultural relics. It is said to be the first of its kind in the country. The exhibition will last three months.
The original Terracotta Warrior, on which the copy on show is based, was unearthed from pit No 2 in the Qinshihuang Mausoleum. It is the only one with a green face and is highly valuable for archaeological research, according to deputy curator (馆长) of the museum Zhou Ping.
Zhou said that to showcase the green-faced Terracotta Warrior — half-kneeling and painted in green and red — to the public, the museum came up with the idea of promoting a copy by using achievements in archaeology, materials science, arts and crafts, as well as new digitalization technology, such as spectrum analysis, high-definition scanning and 3D printing.
“I feel very proud that all the technologies and equipment are domestically developed,” said the curator. “I hope more and more high-tech enterprises are attracted to the field of cultural relics, which we believe is a real blue ocean market.”
28. What is true about the 3D-printed copy
A. It was unearthed from pit No 2.
B. It is a craftwork of multiple fields.
C. It is valuable due to its green face.
D. It is a well-preserved cultural relic.
29. What do we know about the exhibition
A. It has ended on Sept 27.
B. It shows many copies of relics.
C. It is a brand new kind of exhibition.
D. It attracts a large audience from Xi’an.
9
DISCOVER WEEDON ISLAND’S ANCIENT PAST
If you are interested in archaeology, experience hands-on archaeology at Weedon Island Preserve, one of Florida’s exceptional archaeological sites. AWIARE offers one-week camp focused on archaeology for kids entering Grade 1 and 5. Students will learn about the basic archaeology through hands-on, interactive classroom projects, outdoor activities, and a visit to an archaeological site in the Tampa Bay area.
Day 1-2 Followed by engaging icebreaker activities and team-building exercises, participants will attend the speeches delivered by the world-known archaeologists. Dr. Robert Austin and Dr. John Arthur will respectively give speeches about the site and local history of the Tampa Bay area. The days will conclude with basic training on excavation techniques and tools, setting the groundwork for hands-on involvement in the archaeological exploration ahead.
Day 3-4 Participants will explore local historic sites long-covered by plants and learn how archaeologists survey sites using direct measurements, digital cameras, careful notes, and hand-held GPS units. This trip will also provide an opportunity to learn more about the environment in which these sites were created.
Day 5-7 Participants will be involved in assisting AWIARE researchers in excavation, recording data, screening sediment, and collecting artifacts, bone, and samples. What’s more, You will also help sorting and processing artifacts from the excavation and other sites in the Tampa Bay area.
Date: August 10-16, 2024
Time: 9: 00 am-5: 00 pm
Expedition cost: $300 per participant, which includes daily lunch at the AWIARE Research Station. Return campers receive a 20% discount.
Registration is now open for the Hands-On Archaeology Camps.
30. Who can be the target audience for the camp
A. Students in primary school. B. Kids interested in UK history.
C. Tourists interested in Weedon Island. D. Undergraduates majoring in archaeology.
31. What will participants probably do on August 13, 2024
A. Help improve the site’s environment. B. Help reconstruct ancient objects.
C. Assist professional excavations. D. Explore vegetation-covered local historic sites.
32. How much is the cost for two kids coming back this year
A. $240 B. $480. C. $600. D. $720.
10
Called the “Daughter of Dunhuang”, Chinese archaeologist Fan Jinshi, 85, was awarded by UNESCO for her outstanding contribution to the protection of the Dunhuang Mogao Caves.
Fan Jinshi’s story with the caves started 60 years ago. In 1963, Fan, then a 25-year-old Peking University graduate, was assigned to work at the Mogao Caves, a place she had been longing to explore. Though her father was concerned about her health and tried to get her reassigned to a different place, Fan boarded a train and headed to the remote west.
“Seeing Dunhuang for the first time was absolutely breathtaking. But only when truly staying here did I realize inside the caves is a world of exceptional beauty while outside is a land of blowing sand and endless yellow earth,” Fan said. Back in those days, the Mogao Caves were almost cut off from the world. Fan and her coworkers had to live in mud houses and drink salty water. They stayed inside the caves to do research, trying whatever they could to protect and restore them. In 2011, after 40 years of hard work, a report on 10 Mogao Caves compiled (汇编) by Fan’s team was finally published, which was China’s first academic report on cave archaeology.
As time passed, Fan found a serious problem. The increasing number of tourists visiting Dunhuang might harm the caves, causing murals (壁画) to blur (变模糊) and colors to fade. In 1980s, Fan got to know computer technology by accident. She realized this might be the chance to preserve the Mogao Caves forever. After over 30 years of exploration, the Dunhuang Academy built a digital database, allowing Dunhuang’s art to live forever and to step out of the caves to meet the world.
“In my entire life, I’ve only done one thing: safeguard and promote the world cultural heritage — the Mogao Caves,” she told People’s Daily. “My heart belongs to Dunhuang.”
33. What can we learn about Fan from the article
A. She is a woman with determination.
B. Her health was affected by her stressful work.
C. She began her work at the Mogao Caves at 23.
D. Her father supported her job from the very beginning.
34. What was Fan’s initial impression of Dunhuang
A. It was an amazing place.
B. The environment was terrible.
C. She was almost cut off from the world.
D. The work conditions were better than expected.
35. What pushed Fan to establish a digital database for the Mogao Caves
A. Her interest in computer technology.
B. Her desire to promote Chinese culture.
C. The need to document the restoration work.
D. The increasing threat to the physical caves.
36. What does Fan think of her work in Dunhuang
A. It has earned her recognition. B. It has been her lifelong calling.
C. It has promoted cultural exchange. D. It has inspired many young people.
11
My name is Arianna Traviglia and I’m a senior cultural and heritage researcher at the Centre for Cultural Heritage Technology at the Italian Institute of Technology in Genoa, Italy.
As head of the team, I encourage the development of new technologies to maintain and protect important archaeological (考古学的) findings. Right now, I am working in the field of Pompeii, an ancient Roman city which was destroyed and buried under 13 to 20 feet of ash and small rocks during a volcanic eruption in 79 AD. With the help of a robot, I try to carefully reconstruct (重建) the city’s 2,000-year-old broken frescoes (壁画). The project is called RePAIR.
There are thousands of fresco pieces in Pompeii, and it was nearly impossible for a human to reconstruct all the irregular pieces into big, meaningful paintings in the past. Technology now allows us to do it-the robot we use is running by artificial intelligence (AI). As it examines a piece, it searches a database for a match, and then sends the data back to its hands to fit matching pieces together, saving a lot of hours. Its soft human-like arms and hands allow it to hold and examine the easily broken pieces without damaging them. The technology is likely to allow many museums around the world to reconstruct large-scale broken frescoes or similar objects in the future.
In RePAIR, I’m studying the hyperspectral (高光谱的) images of the fresco pieces in storage and comparing them with the paintings on the walls of the House of the Painters at Work, part of a building in Pompeii. By comparing the resemblances in the images, we will be able to work out whether the broken pieces were from the same wall.
I studied history and archaeology in college. Archaeology helps us understand where we come from, and technology enriches that exploration. I’m glad I’m a translator of the two worlds. My mind runs wild when I think about the exciting Roman life that we are still missing because Pompeii’s frescoes were damaged and haven’t been reconstructed.
37. What is the author mainly responsible for now
A. Repairing the damaged archaeological findings. B. Designing robots used for archaeology.
C. Discovering ancient cities hidden beneath the ground. D. Reporting on recent studies of historical ruins.
38. What is mentioned about the robot used in the project
A. It may cause further damage to artworks. B. It takes more time to the examine the artworks.
C. It doesn’t need human operators. D. It has already been widely used in museums.
39. What does the underlined word “resemblances” in Paragraph4 mean
A. Mistakes. B. Similarities. C. Damages. D. Documents.
40. How does the author find her work in RePAIR
A. Dangerous. B. Meaningful. C. Relaxing. D. Successful.
二、完形填空
In 1968 a grave dating from about 1100 was uncovered near Hattula, in Finland, Little remained of the occupant’s skeleton, but the inhumation included two swords and a knife. Such grave goods would normally suggest said occupant was a man. The skeleton was, 41 also decorated with brooches (胸针) and woollen clothing of types more usually worn at the time by women. This 42 guess that the burial was actually of a powerful woman, possibly a local ruler in her own right rather than just the wife of a male king.
This would be noteworthy enough. But a re-examination of the remains, just published in the European Journal of Archaeology by Ulla Moilanen of the University of Turku and Elina Salmela of the University of Helsinki, suggests the truth may be yet more 43 . Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela suspect that the individual 44 may have had outward characteristics of both a man and a woman.
In 1968 working out the 45 of a skeleton in an ancient grave was tricky. After years of deterioration, the bones of men and women look pretty much 46 . But that was before the use of DNA became possible. So Ms. Moilanen and Dr Salmela thought it worth trying again.
Most people have two sex chromosomes (染色体): XX in women and XY in men. Find DNA from a Y-chromosome in a skeleton and the chances are the body was 47 . And, looking at a fragment of femur brought to her by Ms. Moilanen, who is the archaeologist in the 48 , Dr. Salmela, who is the geneticist, did indeed find such DNA. But not much of it. That led her to wonder about contamination (污染), but also to consider whether the individual in the grave had had a(n) 49 X-chromosome that was swamping the signal from the Y.
Having an abnormal number of sex chromosomes is rare, but not vanishingly so. The particular 50 XXY leads to what is known as Klinefelter’s syndrome. To determine the occupant’s karyotype (染色体组型) from the tiny amount of DNA available, Dr. Salmela drew 51 with living people. The grave delivered 8,329 pieces, so she used a computer to draw samples of similar size from the genomes of living people with various karyotypes, including XXY, and also from mixtures of both sexes, to 52 contamination. She then compared these with the DNA from the grave and 53 it was 99.75% probable the individual concerned had indeed had Klinefelter’s syndrome.
While Dr Salmela was working all this out, Ms. Moilanen and her team had another look at the grave. They confirmed that it was a 54 burial. For instance, they found evidence of fine furs, probably from foxes. Clearly, this was a well-respected human being, but what led to that 55 in a world then dominated by male values is a matter of puzzle. Perhaps the person came from a family powerful enough for such things not to matter.
41. A. therefore B. what’s more C. nevertheless D. for instance
42. A. intensified B. confirmed C. dismissed D. encouraged
43. A. complicated B. engaging C. unpleasant D. frightening
44. A. in question B. at large C. by comparison D. with doubt
45. A. composition B. age C. sex D. origin
46. A. distinct B. unidentified C. alike D. broken
47. A. female B. old C. young D. male
48. A. cooperation B. authority C. institute D. adventure
49. A. restored B. extra C. missing D. dominant
50. A. requirement B. interest C. combination D. emphasis
51. A. inspirations B. lessons C. inferences D. comparisons
52. A. eliminate B. monitor C. imitate D. generate
53. A. rejected B. concluded C. recalled D. confessed
54. A. high-status B. secret C. religious D. peaceful
55. A. conclusion B. evidence C. respect D. solution
三、语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The recent opening of a new exhibition building at the Sanxingdui Museum, in Guanghan, in Sichuan province, made the place 56 instant tourist hot spot. The bronze heads, golden masks, holy trees and various statues reveal the 57 (mystery) faces of a culture dating back more than 3, 000 years.
For those who cannot make it to Guanghan, 58 the extensive site of Sanxingdui is located, an immersive exhibition 59 (equip) with digital technology, titled Hello Sanxingdui, offers an alternative means to be awed by the magnificence of this Bronze Age culture. It is running at the Longfu Art Museum in Beijing until Feb 29.
It provides a time-travel experience for both an educational and artistic appeal. The journey begins 60 a brief timeline of texts, photos and videos, showing how Sanxingdui was first discovered in the 1920s, when objects were found by farmers digging an irrigation ditch (灌溉沟渠); it 61 (highlight) the important moments in the past century’s continued archaeological efforts, to reveal the myths surrounding Sanxingdui and the secrets yet 62 (uncover).
On show 63 (be) life-size reproductions of dozens of astonishing artifacts, supervised by Sanxingdui Museum, such as 2. 6-meter bronze statues, 3. 8-meter-wide bronze masks and “the holy tree” standing nearly 4 meters.
Images of these objects found at Sanxingdui and their patterns have been digitalized, animated 64 projected on screens, leading the audience into the ancient kingdom of Shu, a 65 (civilize) that thrived for centuries in the southwest during the Zhou Dynasty, and disappeared suddenly, leaving many myths and legends.
四、书面表达
今年，湖南留守(left-behind)女孩钟芳蓉以676分报考北大考古(archaeology)专业，一些网民评论“专业太冷门”“浪费了分数”，认为报考计算机、金融、人工智能等专业更有“钱途”。你是否赞同这些网民的评论，请谈谈你的看法并说明理由。
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