2024届高考英二轮总复习 语法专题突破 名词和数词课件(共28张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英二轮总复习 语法专题突破 名词和数词课件(共28张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-20 23:10:45 | ||
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(共28张PPT)
第1讲 名词和数词
内容索引
01
02
03
情境导入
考点解读
技法图解
情境导入
Born on August 23,1988 in America,Jeremy Shu-How Lin is a professional basketball player① who was on the Huston Rockets of the National Basketball Association (NBA).But,to some degree,many Chinese fans② and coaches③ take him as a Chinese guy or at least are willing to imagine him a Chinese just because he has a typical Chinese face and his parents were born in China.Jeremy Lin has recently become a success④ and attracted the world’s⑤ attention,which gives Chinese people a lot of imagination⑥ and pride⑦.As we know,in most people’s eyes,Jeremy is a miracle.
用法感悟
1.根据①可知,player由词根 +词缀 构成;
⑥imagination为名词,其词根为 ;
⑦pride为 词,其对应的形容词形式为proud。
2.根据②③可知,可数名词由单数变复数时,一般情况下在词尾加 ;
以-ch结尾的名词变复数时在词尾加 。
3.根据④可知,a success意为“ ”,这是抽象名词的具体化。
4.根据⑤可知,名词所有格一般在名词词尾加 。
play
-er
imagine
名
-s
-es
一个成功的人
-’s
考点解读
考点1 名词
一、名词的数
(一)可数名词
1.规则变化的名词复数
变化规则 例词
一般情况下 在词尾直接加-s mouth→mouths
house→houses
以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词 在词尾加-es glass→glasses
match→matches
以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词 变y为i再加-es country→countries
factory→factories
变化规则 例词
以元音字母加-y结尾的名词 在词尾直接加-s holiday→holidays
monkey→monkeys
以o结尾的名词 一般在词尾加-s piano→pianos
photo→photos
有些在词尾加-es hero→heroes
potato→potatoes
以f,fe结尾的名词 一般要变f或fe为v再加-es self→selves
wolf→wolves
少数直接加-s roof→roofs
belief→beliefs
2.不规则变化的名词复数
变化规则 例词
单复数同形 deer,sheep,means,series,Chinese,Swiss,aircraft,spacecraft
变内部元音 foot→feet,tooth→teeth,man→men,woman→women
(二)不可数名词
不可以用数目计算,多为物质名词或抽象名词,没有复数形式。常见的不可数名词有:
fun 乐趣 homework 作业 bread 面包 wealth
财富
progress 进步 equipment 设备 room 空间 weather
天气
work 工作 music 音乐 news 新闻 meat
肉
word 消息 traffic 交通 luck 运气 housework
家务
milk 牛奶 advice 建议 man 人类 orange
橙汁
knowledge 知识 furniture 家具 baggage/luggage 行李 information
信息
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give
(interview) in English with international journalists.
2.(2023全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings,Beijing is also a place which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
3.(2023浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China,almost every hutong has its stories,and some are even associated with historic
(event).
interviews
wonders
events
4.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate (population) and homes of giant pandas.
5.(2021全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours,but we stopped at the different gates and (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
populations
watchtowers
二、名词所有格
名词所有格 -’s所有格 主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系。(1)一般是名词词尾加-’s,如John’s home约翰的家;(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加-’,如students’ textbooks 学生们的课本;(3)词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词,仍加-’s,如children’s game 孩子们的游戏
of所有格 表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系,如the title of the article文章的标题;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格,如the name of the girl over there那边的那个女孩的名字
名词所有格 双重所有格 双重所有格的构成为“名词+of+-’s所有格”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名词前可用a、any、some、a few、two、this、that、these、those 等修饰,但一般不用the。如a picture of my mother’s我母亲(拥有)的一张照片;this little cat of your sister’s你妹妹的这只小猫
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2022新高考全国Ⅱ卷)“He saved my (son) life,”said Mrs Brown.“I don’t know how to thank him.”
2.(2021浙江1月卷)It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared,and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
3.He goes to work by car.His house is two (hour) drive from his office in the city.
4.Unlike older generations who might favor Western culture and brands, Chinese youth were born and raised when the (country) economy was taking off,so they tend to have strong confidence in their national identity and culture.
son’s
person’s
hours’
country’s
三、常见名词后缀
动词变名词的后缀 例词
-al approve赞成→approval赞成
arrive到达→arrival到达;到达者;抵达物
survive幸存→survival幸存
-ance/-ence appear出现→appearance出现
exist存在→existence存在
prefer较喜欢→preference偏爱
-ion/-tion/-ation compete竞争→competition比赛;竞争
explain解释→explanation解释
direct 指挥;指导→direction方向;指导
expect 期待→expectation期待;期望
动词变名词的后缀 例词
-s(s)ion admit承认→admission承认;准许加入
decide决定→decision 决定
discuss 讨论→discussion 讨论
-ing hear听→hearing 听力;听觉
listen听→listening听;听力
begin开始→beginning 开始部分
-ment achieve达到;完成→achievement 成就
develop 发展→development 发展
argue 争论→argument 争论;论据
动词变名词的后缀 例词
-ure/-ture fail失败→failure 失败
press 压;挤→pressure 压力
mix混合→mixture混合物
-y recover恢复→recovery 恢复;痊愈
discover 发现→discovery 发现
其他变化 vary相异;变化→variety多样化;品种
choose选择→choice选择
grow生长→growth生长
marry结婚→marriage婚姻
形容词变名词的后缀 例词
-age short短的→shortage缺少;不足;短缺
-cy fluent流利→fluency 流利;流畅
efficient效率高的→efficiency效率;效力;效能 accurate 准确的→accuracy 准确(性)
-dom free自由的→freedom 自由
wise 明智的→wisdom 智慧
形容词变名词的后缀 例词
-ness aware知道的;意识到的→awareness知道;意识
dark黑的→darkness 黑暗
weak 虚弱的→weakness 虚弱
-th warm温暖的→warmth 温暖 true 真的→truth 真相 strong强壮的→strength力量 long长的→length长度
-y/-ty/-ity difficult困难的→difficulty 困难
cruel残忍的→cruelty残忍
responsible负责的→responsibility 责任
-ence/-ance/-nse different不同的→difference 不同(之处)
important 重要的→importance 重要(性)
silent沉默的;不说话的→silence寂静
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2022浙江1月卷)When the answer was no,she declined the (invite).
2.(2022全国乙卷)China has a (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
3.(2022全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road,in order to promote environmental (protect).
4.(2021全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics,and often provides money for conservation and benefits the (develop) of the local areas.
5.(2021浙江6月卷)In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser,who performed their (marry) ceremony in 1842.
invitation
responsibility
protection
development
marriage
考点2 数词
数词属于高考试题中的冷考点,主要涉及基数词和序数词的基本用法、序数词前的修饰语以及由基数词构成的短语等。
1.序数词一般由基数词加-th构成。以-y结尾的基数词构成序数词时,先把y变为i,再加-eth。如the twentieth/fiftieth。不规则的序数词有以下几个:first、second、third、fifth、eighth、ninth、twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the,但当序数词不表示顺序而表示“又一”“再一”时,要用不定冠词。
2.年龄、年代的表达:①表达“在某人几十多岁”用“in one’s+逢十的基数词的复数”;②表达“在几十年代”用“in the+逢十的基数词的复数”。
3.基数词dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million等表示确切数目时不能加-s,其前可用数词或several、some等修饰,此时其后通常不跟of;表示“数以百万计”“数以千计”等笼统数目时,要加-s,其前不能用数词,其后可跟of。
4.基数词可与名词等构成合成形容词,用连字符“-”连接,作前置定语,其中的名词应用单数形式,如a four-hour journey。
5.分数表达法:分子用基数词,分母用序数词。当分子大于一时,分母应用序数词的复数形式,如:two-sevenths七分之二。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2023全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the (six) century B.C.
2.I’ve always loved the ocean.In the (nine) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
3.In the summer holiday following my (eighteen) birthday,I took driving lessons.
4.Though in her (seventy),she still worked 8 hours a day in the pet shop.
sixth
ninth
eighteenth
seventies
技法图解
【例1】 When it comes to human skill,a complex (combine) of environmental factors,genetic factors and their interactions explains the performance differences across people.
分析:分析句子结构可知,空格处在句中作主语,且空前有不定冠词a,因此填名词的单数形式。
【例2】 So in the process of excavation,archaeologists made full use of modern technologies to ensure the safety of these (discovery) and sound management of relevant data and material.
分析:discovery是可数名词,由空前的these可知,此处应用复数形式。
combination
discoveries
第1讲 名词和数词
内容索引
01
02
03
情境导入
考点解读
技法图解
情境导入
Born on August 23,1988 in America,Jeremy Shu-How Lin is a professional basketball player① who was on the Huston Rockets of the National Basketball Association (NBA).But,to some degree,many Chinese fans② and coaches③ take him as a Chinese guy or at least are willing to imagine him a Chinese just because he has a typical Chinese face and his parents were born in China.Jeremy Lin has recently become a success④ and attracted the world’s⑤ attention,which gives Chinese people a lot of imagination⑥ and pride⑦.As we know,in most people’s eyes,Jeremy is a miracle.
用法感悟
1.根据①可知,player由词根 +词缀 构成;
⑥imagination为名词,其词根为 ;
⑦pride为 词,其对应的形容词形式为proud。
2.根据②③可知,可数名词由单数变复数时,一般情况下在词尾加 ;
以-ch结尾的名词变复数时在词尾加 。
3.根据④可知,a success意为“ ”,这是抽象名词的具体化。
4.根据⑤可知,名词所有格一般在名词词尾加 。
play
-er
imagine
名
-s
-es
一个成功的人
-’s
考点解读
考点1 名词
一、名词的数
(一)可数名词
1.规则变化的名词复数
变化规则 例词
一般情况下 在词尾直接加-s mouth→mouths
house→houses
以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词 在词尾加-es glass→glasses
match→matches
以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词 变y为i再加-es country→countries
factory→factories
变化规则 例词
以元音字母加-y结尾的名词 在词尾直接加-s holiday→holidays
monkey→monkeys
以o结尾的名词 一般在词尾加-s piano→pianos
photo→photos
有些在词尾加-es hero→heroes
potato→potatoes
以f,fe结尾的名词 一般要变f或fe为v再加-es self→selves
wolf→wolves
少数直接加-s roof→roofs
belief→beliefs
2.不规则变化的名词复数
变化规则 例词
单复数同形 deer,sheep,means,series,Chinese,Swiss,aircraft,spacecraft
变内部元音 foot→feet,tooth→teeth,man→men,woman→women
(二)不可数名词
不可以用数目计算,多为物质名词或抽象名词,没有复数形式。常见的不可数名词有:
fun 乐趣 homework 作业 bread 面包 wealth
财富
progress 进步 equipment 设备 room 空间 weather
天气
work 工作 music 音乐 news 新闻 meat
肉
word 消息 traffic 交通 luck 运气 housework
家务
milk 牛奶 advice 建议 man 人类 orange
橙汁
knowledge 知识 furniture 家具 baggage/luggage 行李 information
信息
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give
(interview) in English with international journalists.
2.(2023全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings,Beijing is also a place which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural (wonder) standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
3.(2023浙江1月卷)Thanks to Beijing’s long history as capital of China,almost every hutong has its stories,and some are even associated with historic
(event).
interviews
wonders
events
4.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate (population) and homes of giant pandas.
5.(2021全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours,but we stopped at the different gates and (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.
populations
watchtowers
二、名词所有格
名词所有格 -’s所有格 主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系。(1)一般是名词词尾加-’s,如John’s home约翰的家;(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加-’,如students’ textbooks 学生们的课本;(3)词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词,仍加-’s,如children’s game 孩子们的游戏
of所有格 表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系,如the title of the article文章的标题;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格,如the name of the girl over there那边的那个女孩的名字
名词所有格 双重所有格 双重所有格的构成为“名词+of+-’s所有格”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名词前可用a、any、some、a few、two、this、that、these、those 等修饰,但一般不用the。如a picture of my mother’s我母亲(拥有)的一张照片;this little cat of your sister’s你妹妹的这只小猫
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2022新高考全国Ⅱ卷)“He saved my (son) life,”said Mrs Brown.“I don’t know how to thank him.”
2.(2021浙江1月卷)It is calculated by dividing a (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared,and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
3.He goes to work by car.His house is two (hour) drive from his office in the city.
4.Unlike older generations who might favor Western culture and brands, Chinese youth were born and raised when the (country) economy was taking off,so they tend to have strong confidence in their national identity and culture.
son’s
person’s
hours’
country’s
三、常见名词后缀
动词变名词的后缀 例词
-al approve赞成→approval赞成
arrive到达→arrival到达;到达者;抵达物
survive幸存→survival幸存
-ance/-ence appear出现→appearance出现
exist存在→existence存在
prefer较喜欢→preference偏爱
-ion/-tion/-ation compete竞争→competition比赛;竞争
explain解释→explanation解释
direct 指挥;指导→direction方向;指导
expect 期待→expectation期待;期望
动词变名词的后缀 例词
-s(s)ion admit承认→admission承认;准许加入
decide决定→decision 决定
discuss 讨论→discussion 讨论
-ing hear听→hearing 听力;听觉
listen听→listening听;听力
begin开始→beginning 开始部分
-ment achieve达到;完成→achievement 成就
develop 发展→development 发展
argue 争论→argument 争论;论据
动词变名词的后缀 例词
-ure/-ture fail失败→failure 失败
press 压;挤→pressure 压力
mix混合→mixture混合物
-y recover恢复→recovery 恢复;痊愈
discover 发现→discovery 发现
其他变化 vary相异;变化→variety多样化;品种
choose选择→choice选择
grow生长→growth生长
marry结婚→marriage婚姻
形容词变名词的后缀 例词
-age short短的→shortage缺少;不足;短缺
-cy fluent流利→fluency 流利;流畅
efficient效率高的→efficiency效率;效力;效能 accurate 准确的→accuracy 准确(性)
-dom free自由的→freedom 自由
wise 明智的→wisdom 智慧
形容词变名词的后缀 例词
-ness aware知道的;意识到的→awareness知道;意识
dark黑的→darkness 黑暗
weak 虚弱的→weakness 虚弱
-th warm温暖的→warmth 温暖 true 真的→truth 真相 strong强壮的→strength力量 long长的→length长度
-y/-ty/-ity difficult困难的→difficulty 困难
cruel残忍的→cruelty残忍
responsible负责的→responsibility 责任
-ence/-ance/-nse different不同的→difference 不同(之处)
important 重要的→importance 重要(性)
silent沉默的;不说话的→silence寂静
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2022浙江1月卷)When the answer was no,she declined the (invite).
2.(2022全国乙卷)China has a (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
3.(2022全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road,in order to promote environmental (protect).
4.(2021全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics,and often provides money for conservation and benefits the (develop) of the local areas.
5.(2021浙江6月卷)In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser,who performed their (marry) ceremony in 1842.
invitation
responsibility
protection
development
marriage
考点2 数词
数词属于高考试题中的冷考点,主要涉及基数词和序数词的基本用法、序数词前的修饰语以及由基数词构成的短语等。
1.序数词一般由基数词加-th构成。以-y结尾的基数词构成序数词时,先把y变为i,再加-eth。如the twentieth/fiftieth。不规则的序数词有以下几个:first、second、third、fifth、eighth、ninth、twelfth。序数词前通常要加定冠词the,但当序数词不表示顺序而表示“又一”“再一”时,要用不定冠词。
2.年龄、年代的表达:①表达“在某人几十多岁”用“in one’s+逢十的基数词的复数”;②表达“在几十年代”用“in the+逢十的基数词的复数”。
3.基数词dozen,score,hundred,thousand,million等表示确切数目时不能加-s,其前可用数词或several、some等修饰,此时其后通常不跟of;表示“数以百万计”“数以千计”等笼统数目时,要加-s,其前不能用数词,其后可跟of。
4.基数词可与名词等构成合成形容词,用连字符“-”连接,作前置定语,其中的名词应用单数形式,如a four-hour journey。
5.分数表达法:分子用基数词,分母用序数词。当分子大于一时,分母应用序数词的复数形式,如:two-sevenths七分之二。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2023全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the (six) century B.C.
2.I’ve always loved the ocean.In the (nine) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
3.In the summer holiday following my (eighteen) birthday,I took driving lessons.
4.Though in her (seventy),she still worked 8 hours a day in the pet shop.
sixth
ninth
eighteenth
seventies
技法图解
【例1】 When it comes to human skill,a complex (combine) of environmental factors,genetic factors and their interactions explains the performance differences across people.
分析:分析句子结构可知,空格处在句中作主语,且空前有不定冠词a,因此填名词的单数形式。
【例2】 So in the process of excavation,archaeologists made full use of modern technologies to ensure the safety of these (discovery) and sound management of relevant data and material.
分析:discovery是可数名词,由空前的these可知,此处应用复数形式。
combination
discoveries