2024届高考英语二轮总复习 语法专题突破 定语从句课件(共26张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮总复习 语法专题突破 定语从句课件(共26张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 437.8KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-20 23:11:22 | ||
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(共26张PPT)
第3讲 定语从句
内容索引
01
02
03
情境导入
考点解读
技法图解
情境导入
It was the summer of 2012,when①I came to Guangning No.1 Senior High School.Our school is a wonderful place,where② I can see a lot of beautiful buildings and a large square.Our classroom,the roof of which③ looks like a rocket in the distance,is located in the center of our school.The main reason why④ I like our school is that I can make many friends.I can get along with my classmates here,two of whom⑤are my best friends.The teacher whom⑥I like most is Mr Zhang,our math teacher.To be honest,I gradually fall in love with our school.
用法感悟
①when为关系副词,在定语从句中作 语,其先行词为 。
②where为关系副词,在定语从句中作 语,其先行词为 。
③the roof of which为“the +名词+of+关系代词”,在定语从句中作 语,其先行词为 。
④why为关系副词,在定语从句中作 语,其先行词为reason。
⑤two of whom为“数词+of+关系代词”,在定语从句中作 语,其先行词为 。
⑥whom为关系代词,在定语从句中作宾语,其先行词为 。
时间状
2012
地点状
place
主
classroom
原因状
主
classmates
teacher
考点解读
考点1 关系代词引导定语从句时需注意的3组辨析
一、关系代词that与which的用法辨析
只用that的情况:
1.先行词是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词;
2.先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰;
3.先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰,或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级;
4.先行词被the only,the very (正是、恰是),the last等修饰;
5.先行词中既有人也有物;
6.在which或who引导的特殊疑问句中引导定语从句。
7.先行词是the way,并在定语从句中充当状语时,关系代词用that/in which或省略关系词。
This is the very film that I want to see.
这正是我想看的一部影片。
The famous writer and his book that you referred to just now are well-known now.
你刚才提到的那位著名作家和他的书现在非常有名。
二、which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
项目 which as
位置上 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活,可位于句首、句中,也可置于句末
搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词,如see,hear,know,expect, remember等
意思上 这一点 正如……,正像……的那样
She married again,which was unexpected.
她再婚了,这是始料不及的。
She married again,as we expected.
正如我们预料的那样,她再婚了。
三、其他关系代词的用法辨析
关系代词 先行词 在从句中所作成分
who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose (=of whom/of which) 人或物 定语
Each graduate standing on the playground,who was accompanied by a parent,would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster.
每个毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上,将由校长给他们颁发文凭。
My daughter,whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling,is always away from home.
我的女儿总不在家,她的工作需要经常出差。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2023全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings,Beijing is also a place
welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
2.(2023全国甲卷)Yet,the form of the fable still has values today,___________
Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
3.(2022全国甲卷)On the 1,100-kilometer journey,the man Cao Shengkang,
lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident,crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
which/that
as
who
4.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
5.(2024江苏百校联考)He has been practising it since he was six years old under the guidance of his uncles,Chen Xiaowang and Chen Xiaoxing,
are two iconic figures of Chen-style taijiquan in Henan Province.
that
who
考点2 关系副词的用法
一、关系副词指代的先行词及其作用
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 与“介词+关系代词”的关系
when 表示时间的名词time,day,year等 时间状语 =at/in/on/during which
where 表示场所的名词park, place,country,house等 地点状语 =in/at/to/on which
why 表示理由的名词短语the reason 原因状语 =for which
We live in an age when more information is available with great ease than ever before.
我们生活在一个比以往任何时候都更容易获得更多信息的时代。
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
古代中国是各诸侯国之间经常发生战争的地方。
Can you tell me the reason why (=for which) you are late again
你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗
二、注意事项
1.先行词为抽象名词point,position,situation,stage,state,case,scene 等时,后面也常用where引导定语从句。
He said if we really got to the point where we needed to use life jackets,he would have already died of terror.
他说如果我们真的到了需要用救生衣的地步,他早就吓死了。
2.reason作先行词时,若引导词在从句中作主语或宾语,定语从句要用that或which引导。
The boss doesn’t want to hear any reason (that/which) you give.
老板不想听你所给的任何理由。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2023全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America _________
all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins,borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
2.(2021天津6月卷改编)In the spring,a season we are learning new rhythms of life,many of us find comfort in the natural world.
3.(2024广东江门模拟)The challenge took place at Guangzhou Technician College,Guangdong Province, Wang,along with four of his team members and 355 students from the college,completed a huge light drawing artwork in around two hours.
where
when
where
4.(2023湖南邵阳三模)It is a time we have to keep ourselves in check and not become lazy.
5.(2023湖南常德三模)The most memorable place we visited was the Chateau Changyu-Castel, Changyu’s wine-making magic really happens.
when
where
考点3 “介词+关系代词”结构
一、“介词+关系代词”结构的用法
“介词+关系代词”既能引导限制性定语从句,又能引导非限制性定语从句。先行词指物时,关系代词用which;先行词指人时,关系代词用whom;关系代词whose与所修饰的名词也可同时放在介词之后。
The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.
美国是一个大国,有着许许多多不同的方言。
He is the person on whom you can depend.
他是你可以信赖的人。
He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag.
他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。
二、“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的确定
1.根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。
In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
(turn to sb for help)
在黑暗的街道上,没有一个她可以求助的人。
Physics is the subject in which every student in our school is interested.(be interested in)
物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的学科。
2.根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。
I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.(during that time)
我将永远不会忘记我在乡下度过的童年时光。
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。
The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen.
这种无色的气体就是氧气,离了它我们无法生存。
三、“介词+关系代词”结构的变式
1.“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句有时可以与“介词+关系代词+不定式”转换。
She must have time in which she could grow calm (=in which to grow calm).
她需要时间冷静。
Frank’s dream is to have his own garden in which he can produce many beautiful flowers (=in which to produce many beautiful flowers).
弗兰克的梦想是拥有自己的花园,在里面可以种植许多漂亮的花。
2.“名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词”结构
He told us a story in English,the meaning of which I couldn’t understand completely.
他用英语给我们讲了一个故事,我不能完全理解它的意思。
There are about 400 students in our grade,most of whom are from Haidian District.
我们年级大约有400名学生,其中大多数来自海淀区。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2024广东六校模拟)According to the inscription,after the completion of the temple,the local medicine expert meeting was organized here on April 28 in most years of the Qing Dynasty,during all kinds of talented people performed,and the vocal music lasted for more than ten days,said Wang Jianping,an expert in literature and history of the county.
2.(2023浙江嘉兴二模)In Pure Teahouses,people do nothing but drink tea, most of are unoccupied persons or the young from the rich family.
3.(2023山西大同三模)It is the most difficult reforestation project related to the former coal mines and stone quarries in the area in Zheng has participated.
which
whom
which
技法图解
【例1】 Hua Mulan, story has been told by generations in China, was a fighter from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386—534).
分析:考查定语从句。所填的词要引导一个定语从句,指代先行词Hua Mulan,在定语从句中作story的定语。
【例2】 Beaches like Farewell Spit are perhaps the most places ___________
whales can die.
分析:分析句子可知,设空处引导定语从句,关系词代替先行词places在从句中充当地点状语。
whose
where
第3讲 定语从句
内容索引
01
02
03
情境导入
考点解读
技法图解
情境导入
It was the summer of 2012,when①I came to Guangning No.1 Senior High School.Our school is a wonderful place,where② I can see a lot of beautiful buildings and a large square.Our classroom,the roof of which③ looks like a rocket in the distance,is located in the center of our school.The main reason why④ I like our school is that I can make many friends.I can get along with my classmates here,two of whom⑤are my best friends.The teacher whom⑥I like most is Mr Zhang,our math teacher.To be honest,I gradually fall in love with our school.
用法感悟
①when为关系副词,在定语从句中作 语,其先行词为 。
②where为关系副词,在定语从句中作 语,其先行词为 。
③the roof of which为“the +名词+of+关系代词”,在定语从句中作 语,其先行词为 。
④why为关系副词,在定语从句中作 语,其先行词为reason。
⑤two of whom为“数词+of+关系代词”,在定语从句中作 语,其先行词为 。
⑥whom为关系代词,在定语从句中作宾语,其先行词为 。
时间状
2012
地点状
place
主
classroom
原因状
主
classmates
teacher
考点解读
考点1 关系代词引导定语从句时需注意的3组辨析
一、关系代词that与which的用法辨析
只用that的情况:
1.先行词是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词;
2.先行词被all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰;
3.先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰,或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级;
4.先行词被the only,the very (正是、恰是),the last等修饰;
5.先行词中既有人也有物;
6.在which或who引导的特殊疑问句中引导定语从句。
7.先行词是the way,并在定语从句中充当状语时,关系代词用that/in which或省略关系词。
This is the very film that I want to see.
这正是我想看的一部影片。
The famous writer and his book that you referred to just now are well-known now.
你刚才提到的那位著名作家和他的书现在非常有名。
二、which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
项目 which as
位置上 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活,可位于句首、句中,也可置于句末
搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词,如see,hear,know,expect, remember等
意思上 这一点 正如……,正像……的那样
She married again,which was unexpected.
她再婚了,这是始料不及的。
She married again,as we expected.
正如我们预料的那样,她再婚了。
三、其他关系代词的用法辨析
关系代词 先行词 在从句中所作成分
who 人 主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语
whom 人 宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)
whose (=of whom/of which) 人或物 定语
Each graduate standing on the playground,who was accompanied by a parent,would be awarded a diploma by the headmaster.
每个毕业生都由父亲或母亲陪伴着站在操场上,将由校长给他们颁发文凭。
My daughter,whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling,is always away from home.
我的女儿总不在家,她的工作需要经常出差。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2023全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings,Beijing is also a place
welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
2.(2023全国甲卷)Yet,the form of the fable still has values today,___________
Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
3.(2022全国甲卷)On the 1,100-kilometer journey,the man Cao Shengkang,
lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident,crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.
which/that
as
who
4.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷)The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
5.(2024江苏百校联考)He has been practising it since he was six years old under the guidance of his uncles,Chen Xiaowang and Chen Xiaoxing,
are two iconic figures of Chen-style taijiquan in Henan Province.
that
who
考点2 关系副词的用法
一、关系副词指代的先行词及其作用
关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 与“介词+关系代词”的关系
when 表示时间的名词time,day,year等 时间状语 =at/in/on/during which
where 表示场所的名词park, place,country,house等 地点状语 =in/at/to/on which
why 表示理由的名词短语the reason 原因状语 =for which
We live in an age when more information is available with great ease than ever before.
我们生活在一个比以往任何时候都更容易获得更多信息的时代。
Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
古代中国是各诸侯国之间经常发生战争的地方。
Can you tell me the reason why (=for which) you are late again
你能告诉我你再次迟到的原因吗
二、注意事项
1.先行词为抽象名词point,position,situation,stage,state,case,scene 等时,后面也常用where引导定语从句。
He said if we really got to the point where we needed to use life jackets,he would have already died of terror.
他说如果我们真的到了需要用救生衣的地步,他早就吓死了。
2.reason作先行词时,若引导词在从句中作主语或宾语,定语从句要用that或which引导。
The boss doesn’t want to hear any reason (that/which) you give.
老板不想听你所给的任何理由。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2023全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America _________
all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins,borrowing some familiar words from many age-old fables.
2.(2021天津6月卷改编)In the spring,a season we are learning new rhythms of life,many of us find comfort in the natural world.
3.(2024广东江门模拟)The challenge took place at Guangzhou Technician College,Guangdong Province, Wang,along with four of his team members and 355 students from the college,completed a huge light drawing artwork in around two hours.
where
when
where
4.(2023湖南邵阳三模)It is a time we have to keep ourselves in check and not become lazy.
5.(2023湖南常德三模)The most memorable place we visited was the Chateau Changyu-Castel, Changyu’s wine-making magic really happens.
when
where
考点3 “介词+关系代词”结构
一、“介词+关系代词”结构的用法
“介词+关系代词”既能引导限制性定语从句,又能引导非限制性定语从句。先行词指物时,关系代词用which;先行词指人时,关系代词用whom;关系代词whose与所修饰的名词也可同时放在介词之后。
The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.
美国是一个大国,有着许许多多不同的方言。
He is the person on whom you can depend.
他是你可以信赖的人。
He was the man from whose room the thief had stolen his bag.
他就是被小偷从房间里偷走包的那个人。
二、“介词+关系代词”结构中介词的确定
1.根据定语从句中动词、形容词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。
In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.
(turn to sb for help)
在黑暗的街道上,没有一个她可以求助的人。
Physics is the subject in which every student in our school is interested.(be interested in)
物理是我们学校每个学生都很感兴趣的学科。
2.根据与先行词搭配的具体含义而定。
I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.(during that time)
我将永远不会忘记我在乡下度过的童年时光。
(3)根据所表达的意思来确定。
The colorless gas without which we can’t live is called oxygen.
这种无色的气体就是氧气,离了它我们无法生存。
三、“介词+关系代词”结构的变式
1.“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句有时可以与“介词+关系代词+不定式”转换。
She must have time in which she could grow calm (=in which to grow calm).
她需要时间冷静。
Frank’s dream is to have his own garden in which he can produce many beautiful flowers (=in which to produce many beautiful flowers).
弗兰克的梦想是拥有自己的花园,在里面可以种植许多漂亮的花。
2.“名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词”结构
He told us a story in English,the meaning of which I couldn’t understand completely.
他用英语给我们讲了一个故事,我不能完全理解它的意思。
There are about 400 students in our grade,most of whom are from Haidian District.
我们年级大约有400名学生,其中大多数来自海淀区。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2024广东六校模拟)According to the inscription,after the completion of the temple,the local medicine expert meeting was organized here on April 28 in most years of the Qing Dynasty,during all kinds of talented people performed,and the vocal music lasted for more than ten days,said Wang Jianping,an expert in literature and history of the county.
2.(2023浙江嘉兴二模)In Pure Teahouses,people do nothing but drink tea, most of are unoccupied persons or the young from the rich family.
3.(2023山西大同三模)It is the most difficult reforestation project related to the former coal mines and stone quarries in the area in Zheng has participated.
which
whom
which
技法图解
【例1】 Hua Mulan, story has been told by generations in China, was a fighter from the Northern Wei Dynasty (386—534).
分析:考查定语从句。所填的词要引导一个定语从句,指代先行词Hua Mulan,在定语从句中作story的定语。
【例2】 Beaches like Farewell Spit are perhaps the most places ___________
whales can die.
分析:分析句子可知,设空处引导定语从句,关系词代替先行词places在从句中充当地点状语。
whose
where