高考英语二轮总复习 语法专题突破 非谓语动词课件(共51张PPT)
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| 名称 | 高考英语二轮总复习 语法专题突破 非谓语动词课件(共51张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-20 23:12:41 | ||
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(共51张PPT)
专题二 非谓语动词
内容索引
01
02
03
情境导入
考点解读
技法图解
04
考点达标检测
情境导入
Good afternoon,ladies and gentlemen.It is a great honor for me to introduce① this English speech contest.As we all know,to master② a foreign language is very important for us.Taking part in③ an English speech contest is a helpful way to learn④English.Everyone wants to show⑤ their best.When we have been preparing for it,we can improve our listening and speaking⑥ ability,developing⑦a good habit of learning⑧ English.
In the process of the competition,you should pay attention to the rules made⑨ by us.First,you should make your voice heard⑩ clearly by everyone, so reading aloud is very necessary.Second,you should try your best to express yourself in fluent English.Finally,you should finish your speech in five minutes.
I am sure the English speech competition will be a great success and the audience will feel satisfied with our performance.Thank you!
用法感悟
1.①to introduce this English speech contest 是不定式短语作真正的 语,
是形式主语。
②to master a foreign language 是不定式短语作 语。
④to learn English是不定式短语作 语,修饰way。
⑤to show their best 是不定式短语作 语。
to express yourself in English fluently是不定式短语作 语。
主
it
主
定
宾
目的状
2.③Taking part in an English speech contest reading aloud都是动名词短语作 语。
⑥listening and speaking是动名词作 语,修饰 ability,表示类别。
⑧learning English是动名词短语作介词of的 语。
3.⑦developing a good habit of learning English 是现在分词短语作 语。
⑨made by us 是过去分词短语作 语。
⑩heard clearly by everyone 是过去分词短语作 语。
satisfied是分词形容词,在句中作 语,意为“感到满意的”。
主
定
宾
状
定
宾语补足
表
考点解读
考点1 非谓语动词作状语
一、动词不定式作状语,表示目的、结果、原因等。
1.作目的状语,有时用in order to或so as to。
We will continue our campaign to prevent and control air pollution to make our skies blue again.
我们将继续我们的运动,以预防和控制空气污染,使我们的天空再次蔚蓝。
2.作结果状语,常用于结构enough to,too...to...,only to 等。
I’m too tired to stay up any longer.
我太累了,实在不能熬夜了。
3.作原因状语,此时常与表示情感的形容词连用,如glad,happy,frightened, surprised 等。
I was frightened to find that in front of my door sat a dog.
我惊恐地发现我门前坐着一只狗。
二、分词作状语
1.现在分词短语作状语,常表原因、伴随、时间、结果等,与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
His parents died,leaving him an orphan.
他的双亲去世了,留下他成了孤儿。
[名师点津]动词不定式短语作结果状语时,常表示意想不到的结果;而现在分词短语作结果状语时,常表示自然而然的结果。
2.过去分词作状语,分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
Seriously injured,she had to be sent to hospital at once.
她受伤严重,不得不被立刻送往医院。
3.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,且往往用于一些系表结构中,此时这些过去分词既不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态,如lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的),hidden(隐瞒的),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着……的),tired of(对……感到厌倦的)等。
Absorbed in his book,he didn’t notice me enter the room,
他被这本书所吸引,没有注意到我进入房间。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2023全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years,I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing.
2.(2023全国甲卷)For thousands of years,people have told fables(寓言)
(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
3.(2022全国甲卷)He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept.20,
(plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
Having visited
to teach
planning
4.(2022全国乙卷) (strengthen)the connection with young people,the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
5.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷) (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
To strengthen
inviting
Covering
考点2 非谓语动词作定语
一、动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后,与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾关系或同位关系。
She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)
她总是第一个来最后一个离开。
I can’t think of any good advice to give her.(动宾关系)
我想不出任何好的建议给她。
His last appeal,to come and see her,went unanswered.(同位关系)
没有人答应他最后要来看她的请求。
二、分词作定语
1.动词-ing形式作定语
当该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示被修饰的名词的用途时,用现在分词形式。
The lecture,starting at 7:00 pm last night,was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
始于昨天晚上7点的这次演讲,紧跟在用望远镜对月球进行观测之后。
[名师点津]被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时,用现在分词的被动式作定语,表示该动作的被动和进行。
2.过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语,分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
Tsinghua University,founded in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
清华大学始建于1911年,是众多杰出人物的母校。
[名师点津]作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done,doing 表示正在进行;done 表示已经完成。
3.动词-ing形式作定语
表示被修饰词的某种用途,在意义上相当于“名词+for+doing”,此时动词-ing形式常置于被修饰词的前面。
No flying machine will fly from New York to Paris.
没有飞行器会从纽约飞到巴黎。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings,but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace.
2.(2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to
(visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas,which are on loan from China.
recognized
visiting
3.(2023全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
Behind the simple style,however,is a serious message (intend) for everyone.
4.(2023浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty,the center was the Forbidden City,
(surround) in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
5.(2022全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi’an,as a first step (journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot.
borrowing
intended
surrounded
to journey
考点3 非谓语动词作补足语
1.感官动词和短语(see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do 表主动和完成(被动句中to还原),doing表主动或正在进行,done 表被动或完成。
The missing boy was last seen playing near the river.
这个失踪的男孩最后一次被看到时正在河边玩耍。
2.动词let,make,have,get,leave,keep,find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。
On the contrary,those who let teenagers experience the consequences of their actions can do better.
相反,那些让青少年经历了他们行动结果的人能够做得更优秀。
3.固定短语,如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb to do sth等。
4.with/without的复合结构:with/without+n.+doing (主动、进行)/done(被动、完成)/to do(目的、将来)。
Without anyone noticing,I stole into the room.
没有人注意到,我偷偷溜进了房间。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them,though,one steamer basket is rarely enough,yet two seems greedy,and so I am always left
(want) more next time.
2.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside,the best xiao long bao have a fine skin,allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
3.(2023全国乙卷)Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern.From Buddhist temples to museums,narrow hutong to royal palaces,it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout,with the city keeping its carefully (build) system of ring roads.
wanting
to be lifted
built
考点4 非谓语动词作宾语
1.只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语:suggest,imagine,mind,admit, practice,allow,advise,risk,keep,keep on,avoid, escape,enjoy,consider,excuse, finish,miss,insist on,look forward to,feel like,get down to,object to 等。
We don’t allow diving in the pool.
泳池内不准跳水。
2.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语:wish,hope,decide,refuse,promise, pretend,manage,plan,fail,choose,would like 等。
Your father has at last decided to stop smoking.
你父亲终于决定戒烟了。
[名师点津] 如果作宾语的不定式有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,将真正的宾语后置。
I find it impossible to change her idea.
我发现不可能改变她的想法。
3.下列动词或词组既可以接动词-ing形式作宾语,也可以接不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别:
I mean to go,but my father would not allow me to.
我想去,但我父亲不肯让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.
增加工资意味着增加购买力。
4.动词不定式可以与疑问代词及疑问副词(why除外)等连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。
I didn’t know how to get back to the village.
我不知道怎样回到村子。
Experience tells you what to do;confidence allows you to do it.
经验告诉你干什么,而信心让你去做这件事。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)To eat one,you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first,releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出),or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth,letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
2.(2023全国乙卷)As a photographer,I have spent the last two years
(record) everything I discovered.
3.(2021全国甲卷)After (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
to bite
recording
spending
4.(2021全国乙卷)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) and accommodations aim (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
5.(2021全国乙卷)Actually,a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:Minimize the impact of (visit) the place.
to have
visiting
考点5 非谓语动词作主语、表语
1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动词-ing形式和动词不定式
(1)动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作,动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。
Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
直面问题而不是逃避是解决它们的最佳途径。
(2)it作形式主语,代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动词-ing形式。常见句型有:
It is/was no use/good+doing sth;It is/was useless doing sth;It’s a waste of time doing sth
It’s important for the figures to be updated regularly.
经常性地更新数据是非常重要的。
2.非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式
注意动词-ing形式作表语意为“令人感到……的”,而过去分词作表语意为本身“感到……的”。
Please describe a dog that is frightening.
请描述一只令人害怕的狗。
Please describe a dog that is frightened.
请描述一只惊恐的狗。
[名师点津]get,become,look,seem,appear 等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语,表示被动或主语的状态。
This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn’t get discouraged right after failure.
温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句话告诉我们,失败之后不应该气馁。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2021全国甲卷)It is possible (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
2.It’s no good (regret) your past mistakes.
3.Fortunately,nowadays it is much easier (make) eco-friendly lifestyle choices.
4.What worried the child most was his (not,allow) to visit his mother in the hospital.
5.It is,therefore,urgent (update) our curricula by introducing the recent developments in the relevant fields.
to walk
regretting
to make
not being allowed
to update
考点6 非谓语动词的时态和语态
类别 时态形式 语态形式 主动 被动
动词不定式 一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing /
完成式 to have done to have been done
动词-ing形式 一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
过去分词 一般式 done /
1.主、被动形式
非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存在主谓、动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时,用主动形式;与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时,用被动形式。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.
明天即将举行的这次会议非常重要。
2.时间先后关系
根据它与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系定时态:
(1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生,用非谓语动词的一般式;
(2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,用非谓语动词的完成式。
Having finished his homework,he went to bed.
他完成作业之后就去睡觉了。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.The novel is believed to (translate) into ten foreign languages so far.
2.The manager, (make) it clear that he didn’t agree with us,left the meeting room.
3. (talk) into changing my attitude,I finally got the right way to rid myself of carelessness and gained confidence as well.
4.The police are said (undertake) detailed investigations into the case at present.
5.In fact,much remains (learn) about traditional Chinese painting and its elements.
have been translated
having made
Having been talked
to be undertaking
to be learned/to be learnt
技法图解
【例1】 (Date) back 250 million years,Himalayan sea salt is a type of rock salt that is naturally pink in color.
分析:句中已有谓语部分is a type of rock salt,因此应用非谓语动词。句子主语Himalayan sea salt与date back之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,因此用动词-ing形式。
【例2】 Born in the 1980s and having long been used to (read) cartoon books while growing up,Mao Ge,who loves traditional architecture ever so much,hit upon the idea of introducing it to a wider readership through cartoons.
分析:平时学习过程中要牢记用动词-ing形式或动词不定式作宾语的动词和短语。be used to doing sth 为固定搭配,意为“习惯于做某事”。
Dating
reading
考点达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024湖南长沙一中模拟) China has always welcomed the positive aspects of other civilizations while contributing its civilization achievements
(enrich) other civilizations;Chinese music did not shy away from (adopt) musical instruments from the Middle East,like the fantastic pipa,and making it an essential and beautiful part of Chinese musical culture.
2.(2024江苏百校联考) Chen Bing was the first (show) the classic moves of tai chi in the introduction film that was submitted to UNESCO.
3.(2024江苏镇江模拟) It is the local people’s desire to protect the local historical characteristics that leads to the buildings (preserve) to this day.
to enrich
adopting
to show
being preserved
4.(2024广东六校模拟) A stone tablet(牌匾) (date) back to the year 1693,which falls within the Qing Dynasty(1644—1911),was discovered in Daming County,north China’s Hebei Province,said local authorities.
5.(2024黑龙江齐齐哈尔模拟) Villagers, (fear) that the wild pigs may unexpectedly enter their yards and cause harm,took radical(极端的) action.
6.(2024福建龙岩一中模拟) (base) on such information,Duan draws the family trees of the tigers.
dating
fearing
Based
7.(2024河南焦作模拟) Dressed in a dark blue Taoist(道家服) with a black cloth bag and several long bags (contain) dongxiao and chiba—two kinds of traditional Chinese bamboo musical instruments—he said he always wears a Taoist uniform and carries along a dongxiao for practice wherever he goes.
8.(2024广东湛江模拟) The movies (list) in the book were created between the 1950s and 1970s, (major) honoring heroes of the Communist Party of China or revisiting the early development of New China.
containing
listed
majorly
9.(2024广东湛江模拟) Highlighted examples include Sparkling Red Star, which follows the journey of an 11-year-old boy risking his life (join) the fight against Japanese invaders in the early 1930s,and Woman Basketball Player No.5,which combines a basketball coach’s personal fate with the development of the sport.
10.(2024山西吕梁模拟) By (show) the development of fonts(字体),the exhibition gave visitors an overview of the modern development of Chinese characters.
to join
showing
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1.(2023全国甲卷,书面表达)作为中国宋代著名的作家和政治家,范仲淹因其对社会的巨大贡献而受到高度赞赏。(过去分词短语作状语)
2.(2023全国甲卷,书面表达)他不遗余力地进行了一系列改革,以使他的国家繁荣起来。(动词不定式作目的状语)
Known as a famous Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty,Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated because he made great contributions to society.
He spared no effort to carry out a series of reforms to make his country prosperous.
3.(2022全国甲卷)6月8日的世界海洋日旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。(动词-ing形式短语作定语)
4.(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,读后续写)看着他的眼睛,我告诉他他已经训练了很多,所以不要放弃。(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
5.(2021浙江卷,应用文写作)我强烈推荐你参观这个展览,我相信你会学到很多关于中国文化和艺术的知识。(动词-ing形式作宾语)
World Ocean Day,falling on June 8th,is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation.
Looking him in the eye,I told him not to give up after he had trained a lot.
I highly recommend visiting this exhibition,where I am sure you will learn a lot about Chinese culture and art.
Ⅲ.语法填空(非谓语动词专练)
Do you like 1. (travel) 2. (stay) healthy while 3. (travel) can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one.Here are the tips you need 4. (make) your trip much easier.
Make sure you have got a 5. (sign)passport and visa.Also, before you go,fill in the emergency information page of your passport!Make two copies of your passport identification page.This will help a lot if your passport is 6. (steal).Leave one copy at home with friends or relatives.Carry the other with you in a separate place from your passport.
travelling
Staying
travelling
to make
signed
stolen
Read the public announcements or travel warnings for the countries you plan 7. (visit).Get yourself 8. (inform)of local laws and customs of the countries to which you are travelling.
Leave a copy of your itinerary(旅行日程)with family or friends at home so that you can 9. (contact)in case of an emergency.
Do not accept packages 10. (give)from strangers.Do not carry too much money or unnecessary credit cards.If you make enough preparations,you will succeed.Have a good time!
to visit
informed
be contacted
given
解析 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。给要去国外旅行的人提供了一些建议,以保障旅行安全、提高旅行舒适度。
1.travelling 考查非谓语动词作宾语。like后接动词-ing形式表示习惯性的行为。也可接不定式,只是不定式表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的行为,故这里用动词-ing形式更合适。
2.Staying 考查非谓语动词作主语。用动词-ing形式作主语多表示抽象的动作。
3.travelling 考查状语从句的省略。此处省略了主语和be动词,应使用travelling。
4.to make 考查非谓语动词作目的状语。此处缺目的状语,用不定式充当。
5.signed 考查非谓语动词作定语。sign 和 passport 是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词。
6.stolen 考查非谓语动词作表语。此处为过去分词作表语。
7.to visit 考查非谓语动词作宾语。plan to do sth “计划做某事”。
8.informed 考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。yourself 和 inform 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。
9.be contacted 考查动词的语态。contact与you为被动关系,所以用被动语态。
10.given 考查非谓语动词作定语。give 与 packages 是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词。
专题二 非谓语动词
内容索引
01
02
03
情境导入
考点解读
技法图解
04
考点达标检测
情境导入
Good afternoon,ladies and gentlemen.It is a great honor for me to introduce① this English speech contest.As we all know,to master② a foreign language is very important for us.Taking part in③ an English speech contest is a helpful way to learn④English.Everyone wants to show⑤ their best.When we have been preparing for it,we can improve our listening and speaking⑥ ability,developing⑦a good habit of learning⑧ English.
In the process of the competition,you should pay attention to the rules made⑨ by us.First,you should make your voice heard⑩ clearly by everyone, so reading aloud is very necessary.Second,you should try your best to express yourself in fluent English.Finally,you should finish your speech in five minutes.
I am sure the English speech competition will be a great success and the audience will feel satisfied with our performance.Thank you!
用法感悟
1.①to introduce this English speech contest 是不定式短语作真正的 语,
是形式主语。
②to master a foreign language 是不定式短语作 语。
④to learn English是不定式短语作 语,修饰way。
⑤to show their best 是不定式短语作 语。
to express yourself in English fluently是不定式短语作 语。
主
it
主
定
宾
目的状
2.③Taking part in an English speech contest reading aloud都是动名词短语作 语。
⑥listening and speaking是动名词作 语,修饰 ability,表示类别。
⑧learning English是动名词短语作介词of的 语。
3.⑦developing a good habit of learning English 是现在分词短语作 语。
⑨made by us 是过去分词短语作 语。
⑩heard clearly by everyone 是过去分词短语作 语。
satisfied是分词形容词,在句中作 语,意为“感到满意的”。
主
定
宾
状
定
宾语补足
表
考点解读
考点1 非谓语动词作状语
一、动词不定式作状语,表示目的、结果、原因等。
1.作目的状语,有时用in order to或so as to。
We will continue our campaign to prevent and control air pollution to make our skies blue again.
我们将继续我们的运动,以预防和控制空气污染,使我们的天空再次蔚蓝。
2.作结果状语,常用于结构enough to,too...to...,only to 等。
I’m too tired to stay up any longer.
我太累了,实在不能熬夜了。
3.作原因状语,此时常与表示情感的形容词连用,如glad,happy,frightened, surprised 等。
I was frightened to find that in front of my door sat a dog.
我惊恐地发现我门前坐着一只狗。
二、分词作状语
1.现在分词短语作状语,常表原因、伴随、时间、结果等,与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
His parents died,leaving him an orphan.
他的双亲去世了,留下他成了孤儿。
[名师点津]动词不定式短语作结果状语时,常表示意想不到的结果;而现在分词短语作结果状语时,常表示自然而然的结果。
2.过去分词作状语,分词与句子主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。
Seriously injured,she had to be sent to hospital at once.
她受伤严重,不得不被立刻送往医院。
3.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化,且往往用于一些系表结构中,此时这些过去分词既不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态,如lost(迷路的), seated(坐着的),hidden(隐瞒的),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于),dressed in(穿着……的),tired of(对……感到厌倦的)等。
Absorbed in his book,he didn’t notice me enter the room,
他被这本书所吸引,没有注意到我进入房间。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2023全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years,I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing.
2.(2023全国甲卷)For thousands of years,people have told fables(寓言)
(teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
3.(2022全国甲卷)He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept.20,
(plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
Having visited
to teach
planning
4.(2022全国乙卷) (strengthen)the connection with young people,the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
5.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷) (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
To strengthen
inviting
Covering
考点2 非谓语动词作定语
一、动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后,与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾关系或同位关系。
She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)
她总是第一个来最后一个离开。
I can’t think of any good advice to give her.(动宾关系)
我想不出任何好的建议给她。
His last appeal,to come and see her,went unanswered.(同位关系)
没有人答应他最后要来看她的请求。
二、分词作定语
1.动词-ing形式作定语
当该动词与被修饰的名词之间为主谓关系或用来表示被修饰的名词的用途时,用现在分词形式。
The lecture,starting at 7:00 pm last night,was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
始于昨天晚上7点的这次演讲,紧跟在用望远镜对月球进行观测之后。
[名师点津]被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表正在进行时,用现在分词的被动式作定语,表示该动作的被动和进行。
2.过去分词作定语
过去分词作定语,分词与被修饰的名词之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
Tsinghua University,founded in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
清华大学始建于1911年,是众多杰出人物的母校。
[名师点津]作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done,doing 表示正在进行;done 表示已经完成。
3.动词-ing形式作定语
表示被修饰词的某种用途,在意义上相当于“名词+for+doing”,此时动词-ing形式常置于被修饰词的前面。
No flying machine will fly from New York to Paris.
没有飞行器会从纽约飞到巴黎。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the (recognize) home of the soup dumplings,but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as xiao long bao’s birthplace.
2.(2023新高考全国Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to
(visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas,which are on loan from China.
recognized
visiting
3.(2023全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.
Behind the simple style,however,is a serious message (intend) for everyone.
4.(2023浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty,the center was the Forbidden City,
(surround) in concentric(同心的) circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
5.(2022全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi’an,as a first step (journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot.
borrowing
intended
surrounded
to journey
考点3 非谓语动词作补足语
1.感官动词和短语(see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel)后面的宾语补足语常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/done)。do 表主动和完成(被动句中to还原),doing表主动或正在进行,done 表被动或完成。
The missing boy was last seen playing near the river.
这个失踪的男孩最后一次被看到时正在河边玩耍。
2.动词let,make,have,get,leave,keep,find后接非谓语动词形式作补足语。
On the contrary,those who let teenagers experience the consequences of their actions can do better.
相反,那些让青少年经历了他们行动结果的人能够做得更优秀。
3.固定短语,如advise/allow/encourage/request/warn sb to do sth等。
4.with/without的复合结构:with/without+n.+doing (主动、进行)/done(被动、完成)/to do(目的、将来)。
Without anyone noticing,I stole into the room.
没有人注意到,我偷偷溜进了房间。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them,though,one steamer basket is rarely enough,yet two seems greedy,and so I am always left
(want) more next time.
2.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside,the best xiao long bao have a fine skin,allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
3.(2023全国乙卷)Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern.From Buddhist temples to museums,narrow hutong to royal palaces,it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout,with the city keeping its carefully (build) system of ring roads.
wanting
to be lifted
built
考点4 非谓语动词作宾语
1.只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词和短语:suggest,imagine,mind,admit, practice,allow,advise,risk,keep,keep on,avoid, escape,enjoy,consider,excuse, finish,miss,insist on,look forward to,feel like,get down to,object to 等。
We don’t allow diving in the pool.
泳池内不准跳水。
2.只能跟不定式作宾语的动词和短语:wish,hope,decide,refuse,promise, pretend,manage,plan,fail,choose,would like 等。
Your father has at last decided to stop smoking.
你父亲终于决定戒烟了。
[名师点津] 如果作宾语的不定式有宾语补足语时,常用it作形式宾语,将真正的宾语后置。
I find it impossible to change her idea.
我发现不可能改变她的想法。
3.下列动词或词组既可以接动词-ing形式作宾语,也可以接不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别:
I mean to go,but my father would not allow me to.
我想去,但我父亲不肯让我去。
To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.
增加工资意味着增加购买力。
4.动词不定式可以与疑问代词及疑问副词(why除外)等连用,构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、同位语等。
I didn’t know how to get back to the village.
我不知道怎样回到村子。
Experience tells you what to do;confidence allows you to do it.
经验告诉你干什么,而信心让你去做这件事。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷)To eat one,you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first,releasing the steam and risking a spill(溢出),or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth,letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
2.(2023全国乙卷)As a photographer,I have spent the last two years
(record) everything I discovered.
3.(2021全国甲卷)After (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
to bite
recording
spending
4.(2021全国乙卷)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) and accommodations aim (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
5.(2021全国乙卷)Actually,a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:Minimize the impact of (visit) the place.
to have
visiting
考点5 非谓语动词作主语、表语
1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动词-ing形式和动词不定式
(1)动词-ing形式作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的动作,动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作。
Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.
直面问题而不是逃避是解决它们的最佳途径。
(2)it作形式主语,代替真正作主语的动词不定式或动词-ing形式。常见句型有:
It is/was no use/good+doing sth;It is/was useless doing sth;It’s a waste of time doing sth
It’s important for the figures to be updated regularly.
经常性地更新数据是非常重要的。
2.非谓语动词中能作表语的有动词-ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式
注意动词-ing形式作表语意为“令人感到……的”,而过去分词作表语意为本身“感到……的”。
Please describe a dog that is frightening.
请描述一只令人害怕的狗。
Please describe a dog that is frightened.
请描述一只惊恐的狗。
[名师点津]get,become,look,seem,appear 等系动词后可跟过去分词作表语,表示被动或主语的状态。
This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn’t get discouraged right after failure.
温斯顿·丘吉尔的这句话告诉我们,失败之后不应该气馁。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.(2021全国甲卷)It is possible (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
2.It’s no good (regret) your past mistakes.
3.Fortunately,nowadays it is much easier (make) eco-friendly lifestyle choices.
4.What worried the child most was his (not,allow) to visit his mother in the hospital.
5.It is,therefore,urgent (update) our curricula by introducing the recent developments in the relevant fields.
to walk
regretting
to make
not being allowed
to update
考点6 非谓语动词的时态和语态
类别 时态形式 语态形式 主动 被动
动词不定式 一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing /
完成式 to have done to have been done
动词-ing形式 一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
过去分词 一般式 done /
1.主、被动形式
非谓语动词与逻辑主语(通常是句子的主语)之间存在主谓、动宾关系。与逻辑主语之间存在主谓关系时,用主动形式;与逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系时,用被动形式。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.
明天即将举行的这次会议非常重要。
2.时间先后关系
根据它与谓语动词表示的动作之间的时间先后关系定时态:
(1)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后或同时发生,用非谓语动词的一般式;
(2)非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,用非谓语动词的完成式。
Having finished his homework,he went to bed.
他完成作业之后就去睡觉了。
小题快练 单句语法填空
1.The novel is believed to (translate) into ten foreign languages so far.
2.The manager, (make) it clear that he didn’t agree with us,left the meeting room.
3. (talk) into changing my attitude,I finally got the right way to rid myself of carelessness and gained confidence as well.
4.The police are said (undertake) detailed investigations into the case at present.
5.In fact,much remains (learn) about traditional Chinese painting and its elements.
have been translated
having made
Having been talked
to be undertaking
to be learned/to be learnt
技法图解
【例1】 (Date) back 250 million years,Himalayan sea salt is a type of rock salt that is naturally pink in color.
分析:句中已有谓语部分is a type of rock salt,因此应用非谓语动词。句子主语Himalayan sea salt与date back之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,因此用动词-ing形式。
【例2】 Born in the 1980s and having long been used to (read) cartoon books while growing up,Mao Ge,who loves traditional architecture ever so much,hit upon the idea of introducing it to a wider readership through cartoons.
分析:平时学习过程中要牢记用动词-ing形式或动词不定式作宾语的动词和短语。be used to doing sth 为固定搭配,意为“习惯于做某事”。
Dating
reading
考点达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024湖南长沙一中模拟) China has always welcomed the positive aspects of other civilizations while contributing its civilization achievements
(enrich) other civilizations;Chinese music did not shy away from (adopt) musical instruments from the Middle East,like the fantastic pipa,and making it an essential and beautiful part of Chinese musical culture.
2.(2024江苏百校联考) Chen Bing was the first (show) the classic moves of tai chi in the introduction film that was submitted to UNESCO.
3.(2024江苏镇江模拟) It is the local people’s desire to protect the local historical characteristics that leads to the buildings (preserve) to this day.
to enrich
adopting
to show
being preserved
4.(2024广东六校模拟) A stone tablet(牌匾) (date) back to the year 1693,which falls within the Qing Dynasty(1644—1911),was discovered in Daming County,north China’s Hebei Province,said local authorities.
5.(2024黑龙江齐齐哈尔模拟) Villagers, (fear) that the wild pigs may unexpectedly enter their yards and cause harm,took radical(极端的) action.
6.(2024福建龙岩一中模拟) (base) on such information,Duan draws the family trees of the tigers.
dating
fearing
Based
7.(2024河南焦作模拟) Dressed in a dark blue Taoist(道家服) with a black cloth bag and several long bags (contain) dongxiao and chiba—two kinds of traditional Chinese bamboo musical instruments—he said he always wears a Taoist uniform and carries along a dongxiao for practice wherever he goes.
8.(2024广东湛江模拟) The movies (list) in the book were created between the 1950s and 1970s, (major) honoring heroes of the Communist Party of China or revisiting the early development of New China.
containing
listed
majorly
9.(2024广东湛江模拟) Highlighted examples include Sparkling Red Star, which follows the journey of an 11-year-old boy risking his life (join) the fight against Japanese invaders in the early 1930s,and Woman Basketball Player No.5,which combines a basketball coach’s personal fate with the development of the sport.
10.(2024山西吕梁模拟) By (show) the development of fonts(字体),the exhibition gave visitors an overview of the modern development of Chinese characters.
to join
showing
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1.(2023全国甲卷,书面表达)作为中国宋代著名的作家和政治家,范仲淹因其对社会的巨大贡献而受到高度赞赏。(过去分词短语作状语)
2.(2023全国甲卷,书面表达)他不遗余力地进行了一系列改革,以使他的国家繁荣起来。(动词不定式作目的状语)
Known as a famous Chinese writer and politician in the Song Dynasty,Fan Zhongyan was highly appreciated because he made great contributions to society.
He spared no effort to carry out a series of reforms to make his country prosperous.
3.(2022全国甲卷)6月8日的世界海洋日旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。(动词-ing形式短语作定语)
4.(2021新高考全国Ⅰ卷,读后续写)看着他的眼睛,我告诉他他已经训练了很多,所以不要放弃。(动词-ing形式短语作状语)
5.(2021浙江卷,应用文写作)我强烈推荐你参观这个展览,我相信你会学到很多关于中国文化和艺术的知识。(动词-ing形式作宾语)
World Ocean Day,falling on June 8th,is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation.
Looking him in the eye,I told him not to give up after he had trained a lot.
I highly recommend visiting this exhibition,where I am sure you will learn a lot about Chinese culture and art.
Ⅲ.语法填空(非谓语动词专练)
Do you like 1. (travel) 2. (stay) healthy while 3. (travel) can help to ensure your trip is a happy and enjoyable one.Here are the tips you need 4. (make) your trip much easier.
Make sure you have got a 5. (sign)passport and visa.Also, before you go,fill in the emergency information page of your passport!Make two copies of your passport identification page.This will help a lot if your passport is 6. (steal).Leave one copy at home with friends or relatives.Carry the other with you in a separate place from your passport.
travelling
Staying
travelling
to make
signed
stolen
Read the public announcements or travel warnings for the countries you plan 7. (visit).Get yourself 8. (inform)of local laws and customs of the countries to which you are travelling.
Leave a copy of your itinerary(旅行日程)with family or friends at home so that you can 9. (contact)in case of an emergency.
Do not accept packages 10. (give)from strangers.Do not carry too much money or unnecessary credit cards.If you make enough preparations,you will succeed.Have a good time!
to visit
informed
be contacted
given
解析 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。给要去国外旅行的人提供了一些建议,以保障旅行安全、提高旅行舒适度。
1.travelling 考查非谓语动词作宾语。like后接动词-ing形式表示习惯性的行为。也可接不定式,只是不定式表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的行为,故这里用动词-ing形式更合适。
2.Staying 考查非谓语动词作主语。用动词-ing形式作主语多表示抽象的动作。
3.travelling 考查状语从句的省略。此处省略了主语和be动词,应使用travelling。
4.to make 考查非谓语动词作目的状语。此处缺目的状语,用不定式充当。
5.signed 考查非谓语动词作定语。sign 和 passport 是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词。
6.stolen 考查非谓语动词作表语。此处为过去分词作表语。
7.to visit 考查非谓语动词作宾语。plan to do sth “计划做某事”。
8.informed 考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。yourself 和 inform 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。
9.be contacted 考查动词的语态。contact与you为被动关系,所以用被动语态。
10.given 考查非谓语动词作定语。give 与 packages 是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词。