高考英语二轮总复习 语法专题突破 特殊句式课件(共33张PPT)
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| 名称 | 高考英语二轮总复习 语法专题突破 特殊句式课件(共33张PPT) |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-20 23:12:59 | ||
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(共33张PPT)
第5讲 特殊句式
内容索引
01
02
03
情境导入
考点解读
技法图解
04
考点达标检测
情境导入
It was at midnight that①Lucy woke up.So hungry was she that② she realized that she did③ have to get up to get something to eat.She went to the kitchen.There was a cabbage,some hams and some eggs in the fridge.No sooner had she taken out what she needed than④ she realized she had no idea how to deal with the food.“Had I learned⑤cooking from my mother,I would have become a good cook,”she sighed.
用法感悟
1.属于部分倒装的有:
2.属于强调句型的有:
强调谓语动词的是
②④⑤
①
③
考点解读
考点1 倒装
一、完全倒装
完全倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时或一般过去时。
用法 例句
以 here,there,off,out,in,up,down,away, now,then等开头,谓语是come,go,be等动词,且其主语为名词时,通常使用完全倒装 Here goes the story.
这个故事是这样的。
Away flew the bird.
那只鸟飞走了。
Then came another question.
然后又一个问题被提出来了。
用法 例句
表示地点的介词短语放在句首,构成完全倒装。此时谓语动词通常是不及物动词,且主语为名词 In the cottage lives a family of six.
在这间小屋里住着一家六口。
On either side of the great avenue stand many buildings.
这条大街的两侧都耸立着许多大楼。
表语(形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语、副词等)置于句首,一般是主语较长或结构较为复杂的句子 Gone are the days when he was looked down upon.
他被人瞧不起的日子已经一去不复返了。
Standing around the teacher were her students.
老师周围站着的都是她的学生。
二、部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分,如助动词或情态动词,置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语部分不含有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
条件 例句
so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语,表示“与前面所述的肯定情况相同” He used to have his further study abroad,and so did I.
他曾去国外深造过,我也去过。
neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语,表示“与前面所述的否定情况相同” One of my friends cannot speak foreign languages,and neither/nor can his wife.
我的一个朋友不会说外语,他的妻子也不会。
条件 例句
否定副词或短语置于句首时(否定词修饰主语除外),句子通常采用部分倒装。常见的有not,never,seldom,hardly,little,nowhere,rarely,scarcely,by no means,in no way,at no time,not until...,no sooner...(than),hardly...(when),not only...(but also) Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before.
我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。
Not until twelve o’clock did he go to bed last night.
他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
Not only was the city polluted,but (also) the streets were crowded.不仅城市被污染,而且街道也很拥挤。
Hardly had he finished his speech when the audience started cheering.
他刚演讲完,观众便欢呼起来。
条件 例句
表语、谓语动词、状语的倒装:as,though引导的让步状语从句,其中表语、状语、动词等放在as或though之前 Successful as he is,he is not proud.
尽管他取得了成功,但他并不骄傲。
Try as I might,I could not lift the stone.
尽管我用尽力气,我还是举不起这块石头。
so/such...that...句型中,so/such部分放在句首,该部分须采用部分倒装 So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test.
形势如此地严峻,每个人都面临着一场考验。
Such a fine day is it that we’d like to play outside.
这么好的天气,我们一起去外面玩吧。
条件 例句
句子以were,had,should开头,省略if的虚拟条件句 Were I you,I would go with them.
我要是你的话,我就跟他们一起去。
Should he come,say “nobody in” to him.
万一他来了,对他说:“里面没人。”
only与副词、介词短语及状语从句连用放在句首时 Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
叫了三次之后,他才来参加会议。
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.
只有当病得很重时,他才卧床休息。
小题快练 将下列句子变为倒装句
1.She didn’t have supper until her mother returned.
→Not until her mother returned .
2.I hardly think it possible to finish the job before dark.
→Hardly .
3.He learned the sad news only after the war.
→Only after the war .
4.He speaks English so clearly that he can always make himself understood.
→So clearly .
did she have supper
do I think it possible to finish the job before dark
did he learn the sad news
does he speak English that he can always make himself understood
考点2 强调句型的基本结构
类型 用法 例句
陈述句 It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分.(强调成分:主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人,用who或that皆可;指物,只用that) It is my mother who/that does the cooking every day.
每天都是我妈妈做饭。(强调主语)
It was the beautiful lady that/who I met in the hotel yesterday.
我昨天在旅馆里遇到的正是这位漂亮女士。(强调宾语)
It was in Beijing that we visited the Bird’s Nest and Water Cube.
正是在北京我们参观了鸟巢和水立方。(强调地点状语)
类型 用法 例句
一般疑问句 Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分 Is it in 2012 that the 30th Olympic Games held in London
第30届奥运会是2012年在伦敦举行的吗
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+is/was it+that+其他成分 How was it that your brother succeeded in finishing the difficult task
你哥哥是怎样成功完成了那个困难任务的
not... until... It is/was not until+被强调部分that+其他成分. It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.
直到下公共汽车后我才意识到它。
强调谓语 动词 将助动词do,does或did放在动词之前 She does like English.她的确喜欢英语。
Do be careful while crossing the street.
过马路时一定要当心。
小题快练 单句语法填空/补全句子
1.But was not only her sex that kept her long marginalized and long unsung.
2.It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
3.直到午夜,街上的嘈杂声才停止。
the noise of the street stopped.
4.你是昨天在大街上碰到你老师的吗
that you met your teacher in the street
5.他上周日的确来看过你,但是你出去了。
He ,but you were out.
it
that
It was not until midnight that
Was it yesterday
did come to see you last Sunday
考点3 省略
一、状语从句的省略
用法 例句
表示条件、时间、地点、方式或让步等的状语从句的谓语含有be动词,且从句的主语又和主句的主语一致,或者主语是it时,常把从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略 If (it is) necessary,I’ll go with you.
如果有必要的话,我和你一起去。
Be careful when (you are) crossing the street.
过马路时要当心。
用so或not代替上文内容,此时可用“if+so/not”省略句式 Get up early tomorrow.If not(=If you don’t get up early),you will miss the first bus.明天要早起。如果不,你就赶不上首班公共汽车。
二、动词不定式的省略
用法 例句
感官动词和使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to;但被动语态中的to不可省略 I saw him enter the classroom just now.
=He was seen to enter the classroom just now.
我刚才看见他走进了教室。
介词but,except前有实义动词do的具体形式时,后面的不定式不带to All he could do was nothing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等等看。
小题快练 将下列省略句补充完整
1.If true,this will cause us a lot of trouble.
→
2.The medicine is quite effective if taken in time.
→
3.While standing there,he heard a cry for help.
→
If it is true,this will cause us a lot of trouble.
The medicine is quite effective if it is taken in time.
While he was standing there,he heard a cry for help.
技法图解
【例1】 Next door to ours (live) a black couple,who seem to have settled in this community for quite a long time.
分析:分析句子结构可知,表示地点的介词短语位于句首,且主语a black couple为名词,所以本句是完全倒装句;a black couple表示复数概念,再由后面定语从句中谓语动词seem 可知主句的时态也为一般现在时。故填所给词的原形。
【例2】 We all know that,if not carefully (deal) with,the situation will get worse.
分析:分析句子结构可知,if not carefully (deal) with为条件状语从句的省略,动词短语deal with与其逻辑主语the situation之间为被动关系,故填deal的过去分词形式;补全后为if it is not carefully dealt with。
live
dealt
考点达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024吉林长春东北师大附中模拟)The city was barely known by outsiders
it went viral(走红) on Chinese social media platforms recently.
2.(2024吉林长春东北师大附中模拟)Behind Zibo’s sudden fame are the efforts and services of the local government,as well as a good reputation of local businesses, receive favorable reviews from visitors who share their experiences online.
3.(2024黑龙江齐齐哈尔模拟)Despite using various methods to prevent the wild pigs from spoiling farmland,villagers in Sichuan Province,____________
the animals have run wild,have had little success,China Newsweek reported in 2021.
before/until
which
where
4.(2024广东模拟)Sanfu patch treatment was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty and has enjoyed great popularity in recent years again ____________
more patients turn to TCM treatment.
5.(2024广东模拟)As Mofu comes,the weather gradually turns cool and people may get cold they keep eating noodles and sweat a lot.
6.(2024江西吉安一中模拟)Data centers require massive amounts of land, electricity and water,and the eastern regions are economically developed,they face great pressure in energy supply for data storage and computing.
7.(2024湖北黄冈模拟)One was Bai Juyi, rebuilt the West Lake and made a new bank to benefit the locals.
as/since/because
if
while/though/although
who
8.(2024福建龙岩一中月考)The park, size exceeds(超过) 1.4 million hectares,is the most important habitat for wild Siberian tigers and Amur leopards in China.
9.(2024重庆模拟)I turned a blank gaze on him — I just had no idea
he was though his face was familiar.
10.(2024江苏百校联考)“It proves to me the cause I’ve engaged in is world-class and for all humanity,” Chen said.
whose
who
that
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1.(2023全国乙卷,书面表达)当我一把盘子放在桌子上,我的父母就对我竖起大拇指。(the moment)
The moment I put the dishes on the table,my parents gave me the thumbs-up.
2.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,读后续写)我还记得那是一个春天的星期一早晨,老师把我叫到他的办公室,告诉我,我在写作比赛中得了第一名,而且我是唯一一个母语不是英语的获胜者。
I still remember it was a Monday morning in spring,
,telling me that I had taken the first place in the writing contest,and that I was the only winner
.
when my teacher called me to his office
whose native language wasn’t English
3.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷,读后续写)让我欣慰的是,正是通过这次跑步,戴维变得更强壮了。(强调句型)
To my relief,it was through this run that David became much stronger.
4.(2021全国乙卷,书面表达)总之,只有成为聪明的在线学习者,我们才能真正享受现代技术的好处。(“only+介词短语”引起的部分倒装)
In summary,only by being smart online learners can we truly enjoy the benefits of modern technology.
5.(2021全国甲卷,书面表达)但那并不是我们的最终决定,所以我给您写信。(which,why)
But that’s not our final decision,which is why I’m writing to you.
6.(2020浙江卷,应用文写作)听到你请病假回家的消息,我很难过。(同位语从句)
I am sorry to hear the news that you have gone back home on sick leave.
Ⅲ.语法填空(并列连词与三大从句专练)
You have probably dreamed about 1. you would change the world,only to find 2. it seems impossible.However,you may have the power to make the world better with baby steps.That’s the idea behind the BA Challenge,3. is a public service campaign co-initiated by Alibaba and Sina Weibo.It asks people to do something positive
4. then record the changes before and after.5. it first appeared on Sina Weibo on Sept.2nd,the BA Challenge has attracted millions of viewers and participants.6. these little things may be easily ignored in our daily lives,they are well received by many viewers.
how
how
which
and
Since
Though/Although/While
答案与解析
1.how 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,“ you would change the world”是介词about的宾语;根据句意“你也许梦想如何改变世界”可知,此处用how引导宾语从句。
2. how 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,“ it seems impossible”是find的宾语,从句在结构和句意上均完整,故用that引导宾语从句。
3.which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是the BA Challenge,指物,且从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。
4.and 考查连词。空前的“It asks people to do something positive”和空后的“then record the changes before and after”是顺承关系,应用连词and。
5.Since 考查状语从句。该句主句是现在完成时,从句是一般过去时,再结合句意可知,此处用since引导时间状语从句,表示“自从”。
6.Though/Although/While 考查状语从句。根据设空后部分句意“这些小事在我们的日常生活中很容易被忽视”和逗号后文句意“它们受很多观众的欢迎”可知,两者为让步关系,应用表示“尽管”的连词引导,故填Though/Although/While。
第5讲 特殊句式
内容索引
01
02
03
情境导入
考点解读
技法图解
04
考点达标检测
情境导入
It was at midnight that①Lucy woke up.So hungry was she that② she realized that she did③ have to get up to get something to eat.She went to the kitchen.There was a cabbage,some hams and some eggs in the fridge.No sooner had she taken out what she needed than④ she realized she had no idea how to deal with the food.“Had I learned⑤cooking from my mother,I would have become a good cook,”she sighed.
用法感悟
1.属于部分倒装的有:
2.属于强调句型的有:
强调谓语动词的是
②④⑤
①
③
考点解读
考点1 倒装
一、完全倒装
完全倒装是指将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用于一般现在时或一般过去时。
用法 例句
以 here,there,off,out,in,up,down,away, now,then等开头,谓语是come,go,be等动词,且其主语为名词时,通常使用完全倒装 Here goes the story.
这个故事是这样的。
Away flew the bird.
那只鸟飞走了。
Then came another question.
然后又一个问题被提出来了。
用法 例句
表示地点的介词短语放在句首,构成完全倒装。此时谓语动词通常是不及物动词,且主语为名词 In the cottage lives a family of six.
在这间小屋里住着一家六口。
On either side of the great avenue stand many buildings.
这条大街的两侧都耸立着许多大楼。
表语(形容词、分词、不定式、介词短语、副词等)置于句首,一般是主语较长或结构较为复杂的句子 Gone are the days when he was looked down upon.
他被人瞧不起的日子已经一去不复返了。
Standing around the teacher were her students.
老师周围站着的都是她的学生。
二、部分倒装
部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分,如助动词或情态动词,置于主语之前。如果句中的谓语部分不含有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do,does或did,并将其置于主语之前。
条件 例句
so+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语,表示“与前面所述的肯定情况相同” He used to have his further study abroad,and so did I.
他曾去国外深造过,我也去过。
neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语,表示“与前面所述的否定情况相同” One of my friends cannot speak foreign languages,and neither/nor can his wife.
我的一个朋友不会说外语,他的妻子也不会。
条件 例句
否定副词或短语置于句首时(否定词修饰主语除外),句子通常采用部分倒装。常见的有not,never,seldom,hardly,little,nowhere,rarely,scarcely,by no means,in no way,at no time,not until...,no sooner...(than),hardly...(when),not only...(but also) Never have my sisters been to Hong Kong before.
我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。
Not until twelve o’clock did he go to bed last night.
他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。
Not only was the city polluted,but (also) the streets were crowded.不仅城市被污染,而且街道也很拥挤。
Hardly had he finished his speech when the audience started cheering.
他刚演讲完,观众便欢呼起来。
条件 例句
表语、谓语动词、状语的倒装:as,though引导的让步状语从句,其中表语、状语、动词等放在as或though之前 Successful as he is,he is not proud.
尽管他取得了成功,但他并不骄傲。
Try as I might,I could not lift the stone.
尽管我用尽力气,我还是举不起这块石头。
so/such...that...句型中,so/such部分放在句首,该部分须采用部分倒装 So serious was the situation that everybody faced a test.
形势如此地严峻,每个人都面临着一场考验。
Such a fine day is it that we’d like to play outside.
这么好的天气,我们一起去外面玩吧。
条件 例句
句子以were,had,should开头,省略if的虚拟条件句 Were I you,I would go with them.
我要是你的话,我就跟他们一起去。
Should he come,say “nobody in” to him.
万一他来了,对他说:“里面没人。”
only与副词、介词短语及状语从句连用放在句首时 Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
叫了三次之后,他才来参加会议。
Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.
只有当病得很重时,他才卧床休息。
小题快练 将下列句子变为倒装句
1.She didn’t have supper until her mother returned.
→Not until her mother returned .
2.I hardly think it possible to finish the job before dark.
→Hardly .
3.He learned the sad news only after the war.
→Only after the war .
4.He speaks English so clearly that he can always make himself understood.
→So clearly .
did she have supper
do I think it possible to finish the job before dark
did he learn the sad news
does he speak English that he can always make himself understood
考点2 强调句型的基本结构
类型 用法 例句
陈述句 It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分.(强调成分:主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人,用who或that皆可;指物,只用that) It is my mother who/that does the cooking every day.
每天都是我妈妈做饭。(强调主语)
It was the beautiful lady that/who I met in the hotel yesterday.
我昨天在旅馆里遇到的正是这位漂亮女士。(强调宾语)
It was in Beijing that we visited the Bird’s Nest and Water Cube.
正是在北京我们参观了鸟巢和水立方。(强调地点状语)
类型 用法 例句
一般疑问句 Is/Was it+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分 Is it in 2012 that the 30th Olympic Games held in London
第30届奥运会是2012年在伦敦举行的吗
特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词+is/was it+that+其他成分 How was it that your brother succeeded in finishing the difficult task
你哥哥是怎样成功完成了那个困难任务的
not... until... It is/was not until+被强调部分that+其他成分. It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.
直到下公共汽车后我才意识到它。
强调谓语 动词 将助动词do,does或did放在动词之前 She does like English.她的确喜欢英语。
Do be careful while crossing the street.
过马路时一定要当心。
小题快练 单句语法填空/补全句子
1.But was not only her sex that kept her long marginalized and long unsung.
2.It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
3.直到午夜,街上的嘈杂声才停止。
the noise of the street stopped.
4.你是昨天在大街上碰到你老师的吗
that you met your teacher in the street
5.他上周日的确来看过你,但是你出去了。
He ,but you were out.
it
that
It was not until midnight that
Was it yesterday
did come to see you last Sunday
考点3 省略
一、状语从句的省略
用法 例句
表示条件、时间、地点、方式或让步等的状语从句的谓语含有be动词,且从句的主语又和主句的主语一致,或者主语是it时,常把从句中的主语连同be动词一起省略 If (it is) necessary,I’ll go with you.
如果有必要的话,我和你一起去。
Be careful when (you are) crossing the street.
过马路时要当心。
用so或not代替上文内容,此时可用“if+so/not”省略句式 Get up early tomorrow.If not(=If you don’t get up early),you will miss the first bus.明天要早起。如果不,你就赶不上首班公共汽车。
二、动词不定式的省略
用法 例句
感官动词和使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式要省略to;但被动语态中的to不可省略 I saw him enter the classroom just now.
=He was seen to enter the classroom just now.
我刚才看见他走进了教室。
介词but,except前有实义动词do的具体形式时,后面的不定式不带to All he could do was nothing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等等看。
小题快练 将下列省略句补充完整
1.If true,this will cause us a lot of trouble.
→
2.The medicine is quite effective if taken in time.
→
3.While standing there,he heard a cry for help.
→
If it is true,this will cause us a lot of trouble.
The medicine is quite effective if it is taken in time.
While he was standing there,he heard a cry for help.
技法图解
【例1】 Next door to ours (live) a black couple,who seem to have settled in this community for quite a long time.
分析:分析句子结构可知,表示地点的介词短语位于句首,且主语a black couple为名词,所以本句是完全倒装句;a black couple表示复数概念,再由后面定语从句中谓语动词seem 可知主句的时态也为一般现在时。故填所给词的原形。
【例2】 We all know that,if not carefully (deal) with,the situation will get worse.
分析:分析句子结构可知,if not carefully (deal) with为条件状语从句的省略,动词短语deal with与其逻辑主语the situation之间为被动关系,故填deal的过去分词形式;补全后为if it is not carefully dealt with。
live
dealt
考点达标检测
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2024吉林长春东北师大附中模拟)The city was barely known by outsiders
it went viral(走红) on Chinese social media platforms recently.
2.(2024吉林长春东北师大附中模拟)Behind Zibo’s sudden fame are the efforts and services of the local government,as well as a good reputation of local businesses, receive favorable reviews from visitors who share their experiences online.
3.(2024黑龙江齐齐哈尔模拟)Despite using various methods to prevent the wild pigs from spoiling farmland,villagers in Sichuan Province,____________
the animals have run wild,have had little success,China Newsweek reported in 2021.
before/until
which
where
4.(2024广东模拟)Sanfu patch treatment was extremely popular in the Qing Dynasty and has enjoyed great popularity in recent years again ____________
more patients turn to TCM treatment.
5.(2024广东模拟)As Mofu comes,the weather gradually turns cool and people may get cold they keep eating noodles and sweat a lot.
6.(2024江西吉安一中模拟)Data centers require massive amounts of land, electricity and water,and the eastern regions are economically developed,they face great pressure in energy supply for data storage and computing.
7.(2024湖北黄冈模拟)One was Bai Juyi, rebuilt the West Lake and made a new bank to benefit the locals.
as/since/because
if
while/though/although
who
8.(2024福建龙岩一中月考)The park, size exceeds(超过) 1.4 million hectares,is the most important habitat for wild Siberian tigers and Amur leopards in China.
9.(2024重庆模拟)I turned a blank gaze on him — I just had no idea
he was though his face was familiar.
10.(2024江苏百校联考)“It proves to me the cause I’ve engaged in is world-class and for all humanity,” Chen said.
whose
who
that
Ⅱ.语法与写作
1.(2023全国乙卷,书面表达)当我一把盘子放在桌子上,我的父母就对我竖起大拇指。(the moment)
The moment I put the dishes on the table,my parents gave me the thumbs-up.
2.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷,读后续写)我还记得那是一个春天的星期一早晨,老师把我叫到他的办公室,告诉我,我在写作比赛中得了第一名,而且我是唯一一个母语不是英语的获胜者。
I still remember it was a Monday morning in spring,
,telling me that I had taken the first place in the writing contest,and that I was the only winner
.
when my teacher called me to his office
whose native language wasn’t English
3.(2022新高考全国Ⅰ卷,读后续写)让我欣慰的是,正是通过这次跑步,戴维变得更强壮了。(强调句型)
To my relief,it was through this run that David became much stronger.
4.(2021全国乙卷,书面表达)总之,只有成为聪明的在线学习者,我们才能真正享受现代技术的好处。(“only+介词短语”引起的部分倒装)
In summary,only by being smart online learners can we truly enjoy the benefits of modern technology.
5.(2021全国甲卷,书面表达)但那并不是我们的最终决定,所以我给您写信。(which,why)
But that’s not our final decision,which is why I’m writing to you.
6.(2020浙江卷,应用文写作)听到你请病假回家的消息,我很难过。(同位语从句)
I am sorry to hear the news that you have gone back home on sick leave.
Ⅲ.语法填空(并列连词与三大从句专练)
You have probably dreamed about 1. you would change the world,only to find 2. it seems impossible.However,you may have the power to make the world better with baby steps.That’s the idea behind the BA Challenge,3. is a public service campaign co-initiated by Alibaba and Sina Weibo.It asks people to do something positive
4. then record the changes before and after.5. it first appeared on Sina Weibo on Sept.2nd,the BA Challenge has attracted millions of viewers and participants.6. these little things may be easily ignored in our daily lives,they are well received by many viewers.
how
how
which
and
Since
Though/Although/While
答案与解析
1.how 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,“ you would change the world”是介词about的宾语;根据句意“你也许梦想如何改变世界”可知,此处用how引导宾语从句。
2. how 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知,“ it seems impossible”是find的宾语,从句在结构和句意上均完整,故用that引导宾语从句。
3.which 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是the BA Challenge,指物,且从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。
4.and 考查连词。空前的“It asks people to do something positive”和空后的“then record the changes before and after”是顺承关系,应用连词and。
5.Since 考查状语从句。该句主句是现在完成时,从句是一般过去时,再结合句意可知,此处用since引导时间状语从句,表示“自从”。
6.Though/Although/While 考查状语从句。根据设空后部分句意“这些小事在我们的日常生活中很容易被忽视”和逗号后文句意“它们受很多观众的欢迎”可知,两者为让步关系,应用表示“尽管”的连词引导,故填Though/Although/While。