2024届高考英语二轮复习精读高考真题（二十六）阅读七选五导学案-

精 读 高 考 真 题 （二十六）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly.36 ______
●Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes. 37 ______
●38 ________Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc.This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save you quite a lot of time in the long run.
●If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. 39_______ A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects. In the former case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page.
●Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. 40 ______Note also the facts important for your purpose as well as anything which leads you to further research. You don't have to write these things in detail. It is enough to put the page number and one or two words as a reminder.
A. Stop to have a rest now and then.
B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C. This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
F. You may find yourself having to learn something by heart.
G Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.
（2021年全国新高考II卷七选五）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与自我。文章主要介绍了一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. read a great deal 大量阅读
2. appreciate vt. 意识到，领会，理解（熟词生义）
appreciate the benefits of 体会到......的好处
at the right distance from ... 在与......的合适的距离
contents n. (pl)（书的）目录（熟词生义）
the table of contents 目录
preface n. （书的）前言、序言
heading n. （页面或章节开头的）标题
the chapter heading 章节标题
head vt. 在（页或篇章的顶端）加标题
certain parts of ... ......的某些部分
in this way 这样，以这种方式
quite a lot of ... 非常多......，相当多......，许多......
in the long run 从长远来看，终究
at a time 一次，一下子，连续地
a history book 历史书
in story form 以故事形式
deal with 处理，应付，论述，涉及
the former case 前一种情况
the latter 后者
as well as 和，以及
lead sb to ... 引导某人......
in detail 详细地
put vt. （在某处）标注（文字、符号等）（熟词生义）
one or two ... 一两个......
reminder n. 引起回忆的事物，提醒人的事物
remind vt. 提醒，使记起
stop to do sth 停下来做某事
have a rest 休息一下
now and then 有时，偶尔
look through ... 快速查看......，浏览......
depend on ... 视......而定，取决于......
reading speed 阅读速度
make a note/notes of ... 记下......，记录......
of (special) importance （特别）重要的
learn ... by heart 熟记......，记住......，把......背下来
rather than ... 而不是......
avoid doing sth 防止做某事，避免做某事
feel sleepy 感到困倦，发困，昏昏欲睡
四、关键结构和长难句
1. If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much.
1). you ever do是一个定语从句，修饰先行词reading，省去了关系代词that。当先行词
被only修饰时，关系代词多用that，做宾语时常常省略。
E.g. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it. 这是我掌握的唯一的法语短语，很遗憾我不怎么使用它。
That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do. 那不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因。
If you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment. 如果你在晚宴上面临尴尬沉默，通常能让每个人再次交谈起来的事就是赞美主办人。
2). at which you read是一个由“介词at + 关系代词which”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the speed。意思是“你阅读的速度”。这里用介词 at，是因为 speed 通常搭配 at（表示“以……速度”）。
E.g. The police measured the speed at which the car was travelling. 警察测定那辆汽车行驶的速度。
It was the speed at which it all happened that shocked me. 令我感到震惊的是整个事情发生得如此之快。
The driver miscalculated the speed at which the other car was travelling. 司机对另一辆车的行车速度估计错误。
The place at which the bridge is supposed to be built should be where the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. 这座桥应该建在过河交通最繁忙的地方。
【参考译文】如果你唯一的阅读是小说或杂志，那么你阅读的速度可能并不重要。
2. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly.
在“have to + 动词原形”结构中，have to意为“必须、不得不”，着重表示“由客观条件所引出的义务”，缺少个人主观色彩，因此语气比must更强。
E.g. I have (got) to be back by ten o’clock. 我必须10点前返回。
I often have to get up at 5. 我常常必须五点钟起床。
I had to walk very fast to overtake you. 为了赶上你，我不得不走得很快。
He may have to cancel his plan. 他也许不得不取消这个计划。
You may find yourself having to learn something by heart. 你可能发现自己不得不熟记一些东西。
“don't have to”表示“不必（not obliged to）”、“不需要（not necessary）”
E.g. I don’t usually have to work on Sunday. 通常我在星期天不上班
You don't have to write these things in detail. 你不需要详细写这些事。
They didn’t have to worry about money. 他们那时不必为金钱而操心。
【参考译文】但是，如果你必须大量阅读来学习，你就会体会到能够更快地阅读的好处。
Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable.
“make sure that ... ”结构，表示“确保......”、“保证......”。that从句是make的宾语从句，that可省略；sure是宾语补足语，但和一般的补足语不同，它总是位于宾语的前面。类似的还有“make certain that ... ”等。
E.g. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot. 你得确保不要一次翻两页。当你得回到适当部分的时候，要确保能看到音乐中的反复标记。
Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts. 确保旅游业给游客和主办方 都能带来积极地经历。
【参考译文】在你打开书之前，确保你感到舒服。
You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes.
1). 本句是由连词but连接的并列句。
2). which supports your back是一个定语从句，关系代词which代替先行词a seat在从句中做主语。这时，从句中的谓语动词与先行词一致。
E.g. These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile phone. 现如今，你很难在澳大利亚找到一个15岁以上没有手机的人
Of those Australians who still have a landline, ... 在那些仍然拥有固定电话的澳大利亚人中，......
That said, to be honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, ... 尽管如此，老实说，唯一给我们家打电话的人是我们婴儿潮一代的父母，......
Every straw that' s part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. 冯·王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料
If you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment. 如果你在晚宴上面临尴尬沉默，通常能让每个人再次交谈起来的事就是赞美主办人。
And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different grades of gratitude. 然后我想到，如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激之情的词，那会多么容易啊。
The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. 西安城墙是在中国悠久的历史中幸存下来的最完整的城墙。
Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been born here. Spot和Stripe是最先在这里出生的虎崽。
Make a note of any page which is of special importance. 记下任何特别重要的页面。
【参考译文】你需要一个有靠背的座位，而且书应该和你的眼睛保持在合适的距离。
This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it.
1). 在“help + 宾语 + 动词不定式”结构中，带to或不带to均可（带to的在英国英语中更常见；不带to的在美国英语中更常见）。
E.g. A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcase up the stairs. 刚才，我姐姐帮我把一个就书柜抬到楼上来。
He helped the family conceal the disgrace. 他帮助家庭隐瞒了这个耻辱。
2). whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it是动词decide后面的宾语从句。
whether ... or ...引导宾语从句
E.g. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and whether it is rough or smooth. 大象有自己的方式来辨别物体的形状以及物体时粗糙的还是平滑的。
Regardless of whether or not he finds a job, he’s getting married. 不管是否找到工作，他也要结婚的。
They haven’t decided whether they will go or stay. 他们尚未决定是去还是留。
【参考译文】这将有助于你决定你是否真的需要阅读全书还是其中的某些部分。
Ten minutes spent in this way could save you quite a lot of time in the long run.
1). spent in this way是过去分词短语做后置定语。相当于定语从句：which are spent in this way。
2). 情态动词could表示可能性。
情态动词could除了用作can的过去式之外，还可代替can表示现在或将来的“可能性”。
E.g. ... a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. ......考虑到人们对盗牛行为日益加剧的担忧，机器人可能极为有用。
–I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake. 我错拿了别人的绿色毛衣。
--It could be Harry’s. He always wears green. 那可能是Harry的，他总是穿绿色的毛衣。
【参考译文】这样花费十分钟，可能最终节约你大量的时间。
A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects.
1). which may contain the facts in story form是一个定语从句，关系代词which代替先行词a history book，在从句中做主语。
2). to read是动词不定式做形容词easy的补足语，句子主语a history book是read的宾语。
E.g. ..., especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity. ......，特别是在黑犀牛以难以圈养繁育而闻名的情况下
They became difficult to contain. 他们变得难以控制。
3). one是不定代词，代替a book。
one可用作不定代词，代替前面出现过的名词，以避免重复。 one只代表与前面出现过的可数名词同一种类的其中一个，即替代“a(an) + 名词”。如果替代的名词为复数，则用ones。
E.g. I haven’t a pen. Can you lend me one. 我没带钢笔，你能借我一支吗？（one = a pen）
If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand, could you get one for me 如果你去报摊上买今天的报纸，可不可以给我买一份？（one = a paper）
We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose one based on your own interests. 我们有各种各样的暑期夏令营，你们可以根据自己的兴趣选择一项。（one = a camp）
Helping others is a habit, one you can learn even at an early age. 帮助别人是一种习惯，一种在很小时你就能学会的习惯。（one = a habit）
The CDs are on sale! Buy one and you get one completely free. 这些CD在促销。买一个就完全免费得到一个。（one = a CD）
I prefer a flat in Inverness to one in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom' s. 我更喜欢一套在Inverness的公寓，而不是在Perth，因为我想住的和我妈近一些。（one = a flat）
We’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found one we like yet. 我们一直在看房子，但还没有找到我们所喜欢的。（one = a house）
We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made one from some wood we had. 我们需要为厨房（添置）一个新的橱柜，所以Peter就用我们有的木料制做了一个。（one = a cupboard）
I didn’t buy a calculator. They only had expensive ones. 我没有买计算器，他们只有贵的。（ones = calculators）
Cars do cause us some health problems —in fact far more serious ones than mobile phones do. 汽车给我们带来了一些健康问题------事实上远比手机带来的问题严重。（ones = problems）
如果特指与前面出现过的可数名词同一种类的一个时，用the one，即替代“the + 名词”。这时，后面往往有定语限制。如果替代的名词为复数，则用the ones。
E.g. My most famous relative of all, the one who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great-grandfather. 我所有的亲戚中最著名的，那个真地在美洲留下过足迹的，是Rob Sussel，我的曾祖父。（the one = the relative，后面有who引导的定语从句限制）
As early as his second film, Chaplin had developed his own manner of acting, the one that was to become world-famous. 早在他演第二部电影时，卓别林就已经形成了他自己的表演风格，这就是他后来闻名于世的表演风格。（the one = the manner后面有that引导的定语从句限制）
Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except the ones who had already taken them. 张老师把教课书给了所有学生，除了已经拿过的那些。（the one =the pupils后面有who引导的定语从句限制）
4). dealing with scientific subjects是现在分词短语做后置定语，修饰one。相当于定语从句：that deals with scientific subjects。
【参考译文】以故事形式包含事实的历史书比科学题材的书更容易阅读。
Note also the facts important for your purpose as well as anything which leads you to further research. 还要记下那些对你的目的重要的事实以及任何引导你进一步研究的东西。
1). 本句是以动词note开头的一个祈使句。
2). as well as并列the facts和anything两个宾语。important for your purpose是形容词短语做后置定语，修饰the facts；which leads you to further research是定语从句，修饰anything
as well as通常起并列连词的作用，连接两个互相对等的成分，相当于and或and also
E.g. Electronic computers can add and subtract as well as multiply and divide. 电子计算机能够加减，也能乘除。
In recent years scientific and technological developments have changed human life on our planet, as well as our views both of ourselves as individuals in society and of the universe as a whole. 近几年来，科学技术上的新成就，改变了人类在地球上的生活，也改变了我们对于社会中的个人和宇宙的看法。
Thomas was a real friend, for he advised me as well as helped me with my Arabic. 汤姆斯是个真正的朋友，他不但建议我还帮助我学习阿拉伯语。
在很多情况下，说话者把as well as的前项作为语义表达的重点
E.g. Hoover wanted men who could handle a teacup as well as a tommy-gun. 胡佛需要既会使用机动步枪又懂社交礼仪的人。
John can speak Chinese as well as French. 约翰能讲法语还能将汉语。
It is a political as well as an economic question. 这既是一个经济问题也是一个政治问题。
Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind as well as ordinary sickness. 这个国家的免费治疗不仅包括普通的疾病，也包括精神疾病
Television is another major instrument of communication, permitting us to see as well as to hear the performer. 电视是有一种主要的通讯仪器，使得我们有可能不仅能听到表演者的声音，而且能看到表演者的表演。
This training program can give you a lift at work, as well as increase your income by 40%. 这个培训计划除了可以提高你的收入40%之外，还能够让你在工作方面得到提升。
有时as well as还可以用作介词，相当于besides或in addition to。
E.g. As well as printing the books, he publishes them. 除了印刷这些书外，他还把它们出版发行了。
He spent all his money, as well as wasting his time. 他不仅浪费了时间，还花光了所有的钱。
【参考译文】俄克拉荷马州养牛者协会副主席Michael Kelsey Paris说，考虑到人们对盗牛行为日益加剧的担忧，机器人可能极为有用。
It is enough to put the page number and one or two words as a reminder.
本句中It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to put the page number and one or two words as a reminder。
在“It is/was + 形容词 + 动词不定式”结构中，It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。
E.g. For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. 对于德克萨斯的养牛人Pete Bonds来说，找到对放牛感兴趣的人越来越难了。
It was hard for us to finally part with them. 我们最终要放弃他们很不容易。
【参考译文】只要记下页码和一两个词作为提醒就够了。
Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
1). 本句是一个倒装句，句子主语是some tips。
在“here is/are + 名词”结构中，用is还是用are取决于后面的名词：
E.g. Here are some important inventions. 下面是一些重要的发明。
Here are my replies to your questions. 这是我对你的问题的回答。
Here is a story about some poor people in the USA. 这是一个关于美国一些穷人的故事。
但，当主语是代词时，则必须采用正装语序。如：Here they are.
2). to help improve your reading speed是动词不定式短语做后置定语，修饰tips。相当于定语从句：which can help improve your reading speed
【参考译文】下面是一些帮助提高你的阅读速度的建议。
Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.
1). cool rather than warm是宾语补足语。
E.g. These days, safety regulations ... tend to keep stadium capacities slightly lower. 现如今，安全法规倾向于保持球场容量略低，...... 。
2). 句中的rather than用作连词，表示否定，可译为“（而）不是”，语义上相当于and not，用以连接两个互相对等的成分。有人把这种用法的rather than叫做“准并列连词”。
E.g. The color seems green rather than blue. 颜色好像是绿色，不是蓝色。
It ought to be you rather than me that sign the letter. 是你而不是我应该在信上签字。
They were screaming rather than singing. 他们是在尖叫，而不是在唱歌。
She telephoned rather than wrote. 她打了电话，而没有写信。
He is to be pitied rather than to be disliked. 他应该得到怜悯，而不是被厌恶。
当用rather than来连接主语时，谓语动词的数决定于充当主语的第一个名词的数。
g. The younger brother, rather than his two elder brother, was to answer for the wrong doings. 是弟弟而不是他的两个哥哥，要对错误行为负责。
3). to avoid feeling sleepy是动词不定式短语做状语，表目的。
4). feeling sleepy是动名词短语做动词avoid的宾语。
动词avoid后面只能接动名词、代词或名词做宾语。即“avoid doing sth”或“avoid sth”。属于此类的的动词还有deny, enjoy, confess, consider, escape, can’t help, quit, resume, appreciate, finish, repent, miss, fancy, mind等。
E.g. They all avoided mentioning that name. 他们都避免提到那个名字。
I’ve enjoyed seeing you and talking about old times. 能和你见面叙旧，我感到很快乐。
Of course he denied working for you. 他当然否认为你工作。
He confessed taking part in a plot to free the prisoner. 他承认参与释放这个囚犯的密谋。
Would you consider emigrating 你考虑移居他国吗？
There’s no way to escape doing the work. 无法逃避做这项工作。
I prepared to resume reading. 我准备继续阅读。
After I had finished eating, he proposed to set off immediately. 我刚吃完，他就提议马上出发。
He repented having shot the bird. 他后悔射死了这只鸟。
I missed burning my hand. 我差点（没）烧了手。
Do you fancy going to see a movie sometime 你想不想有空去看场电影？
Do you mind being alone 你介意独处吗？
【参考译文】保持房间凉爽，而不是暖和，以免发困。
（祁兆国）
【附：学案】
精 读 高 考 真 题 （二十六）
高考英语真题是英语学习的宝藏，精读一篇远胜过刷题十篇。相较于教材、日常习题，高考真题的语料更加新颖、更有针对性。长期精读高考真题有利于增强英语学习的信心，从而极大提高学习英语的效率。
一、真题再现
If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly.36 ______
●Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes. 37 ______
●38 ________Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc.This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save you quite a lot of time in the long run.
●If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. 39_______ A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects. In the former case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page.
●Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. 40 ______Note also the facts important for your purpose as well as anything which leads you to further research. You don't have to write these things in detail. It is enough to put the page number and one or two words as a reminder.
A. Stop to have a rest now and then.
B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C. This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
F. You may find yourself having to learn something by heart.
G Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.
（2021年全国新高考II卷七选五）
二、语篇导读：本文的语篇类型是____________，主题语境为___________。文章主要介绍了_________________________________________________。
三、重点单词（词性转换词、熟词生意词、超纲词）和短语
1. read a great deal
2. appreciate vt.
appreciate the benefits of
at the right distance from ...
contents n. (pl)
the table of contents
preface n.
heading n.
the chapter heading
head vt.
certain parts of ...
in this way
quite a lot of ...
in the long run
at a time
a history book
in story form
deal with
the former case
the latter
as well as
lead sb to ...
in detail
put vt.
one or two ...
reminder n.
remind vt.
stop to do sth
have a rest
now and then
look through ...
depend on ...
reading speed
make a note/notes of ...
of (special) importance
learn ... by heart
rather than ...
avoid doing sth
feel sleepy
四、关键结构和长难句
1. If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter very much.
1). you ever do是一个_________，修饰___________，省去了________。当先行词被only修饰时，关系代词多用________，做宾语时常常省略。
E.g. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it. 这是我掌握的唯一的法语短语，很遗憾我不怎么使用它。
That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do. 那不是法国人吃得比我们少的唯一原因。
If you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing _________always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment. 如果你在晚宴上面临尴尬沉默，通常能让每个人再次交谈起来的事就是赞美主办人。
2). at which you read是一个由“________ + ____________”引导的__________，修饰_____________。意思是“_________________”。这里用介词 at，是因为 speed 通常搭配 at（表示“_____________”）。
E.g. The police measured the speed ______________ the car was travelling. 警察测定那辆汽车行驶的速度。
It was the speed _____________ it all happened that shocked me. 令我感到震惊的是整个事情发生得如此之快。
The driver miscalculated the speed __________ the other car was travelling. 司机对另一辆车的行车速度估计错误。
The place _____________ the bridge is supposed to be built should be where the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. 这座桥应该建在过河交通最繁忙的地方。
【译文】____________________________________________________________________。
2. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more quickly.
在“have to + 动词原形”结构中，have to意为“________、__________”，着重表示“由客观条件所引出的义务”，缺少个人主观色彩，因此语气比must_______。
E.g. I have (got) to be back by ten o’clock. 我必须10点前返回。
I often have to get up at 5. 我常常必须五点钟起床。
I had to walk very fast to overtake you. 为了赶上你，我不得不走得很快。
He may have to cancel his plan. 他也许不得不取消这个计划。
You may find yourself having to learn something by heart. 你可能发现自己不得不熟记一些东西。
“don't have to”表示“__________（not obliged to）”、“_________（not necessary）”
E.g. I don’t usually have to work on Sunday. 通常我在星期天不上班
You don't have to write these things in detail. 你不需要详细写这些事。
They didn’t have to worry about money. 他们那时不必为金钱而操心。
【译文】_____________________________________________________。
Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable.
“make sure that ... ”结构，表示“_________”、“__________”。that从句是make的_________，that可省略；sure是__________语，但和一般的补足语不同，它总是位于宾语的_______。类似的还有“make certain that ... ”等。
E.g. You have to _________________ you don’t turn two pages at once and ___________ you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot. 你得确保不要一次翻两页。当你得回到适当部分的时候，要确保能看到音乐中的反复标记。
________________ the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts. 确保旅游业给游客和主办方 都能带来积极地经历。
【译文】_______________________________________________。
You need a seat which supports your back and the book should be at the right distance from your eyes.
1). 本句是由连词but连接的______句。
2). which supports your back是一个__________，____________代替____________在从句中做______语。这时，从句中的谓语动词与________一致。
E.g. These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 ___________ own a mobile phone. 现如今，你很难在澳大利亚找到一个15岁以上没有手机的人
Of those Australians ________ still _______ a landline, ... 在那些仍然拥有固定电话的澳大利亚人中，......
That said, to be honest the only people ______ ever ______ our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, ... 尽管如此，老实说，唯一给我们家打电话的人是我们婴儿潮一代的父母，......
Every straw _________ part of Von Wong's artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. 冯·王作品中的每一根吸管都很可能来自只喝了几分钟的饮料
If you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing _______always ________ everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment. 如果你在晚宴上面临尴尬沉默，通常能让每个人再次交谈起来的事就是赞美主办人。
And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words _______________ different grades of gratitude. 然后我想到，如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激之情的词，那会多么容易啊。
The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall _________survived China’s long history. 西安城墙是在中国悠久的历史中幸存下来的最完整的城墙。
Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs __________ ever been born here. Spot和Stripe是最先在这里出生的虎崽。
Make a note of any page __________of special importance. 记下任何特别重要的页面。
【译文】____________________________________________。
This will help you to decide whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it.
1). 在“help + 宾语 + 动词不定式”结构中，带to或不带to_______（带to的在英国英语中更常见；不带to的在美国英语中更常见）。
E.g. A short while ago, my sister helped me to carry one of my old bookcase up the stairs. 刚才，我姐姐帮我把一个就书柜抬到楼上来。
He helped the family conceal the disgrace. 他帮助家庭隐瞒了这个耻辱。
2). whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it是动词decide后面的______________。
whether ... or ...引导宾语从句
E.g. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and ___________ it is rough ______ smooth. 大象有自己的方式来辨别物体的形状以及物体时粗糙的还是平滑的。
Regardless of ______________ he finds a job, he’s getting married. 不管是否找到工作，他也要结婚的。
They haven’t decided __________ they will go _____ stay. 他们尚未决定是去还是留。
【译文】_________________________________________________。
Ten minutes spent in this way could save you quite a lot of time in the long run.
1). spent in this way是_________________做____________。相当于_______：________________ in this way。
2). 情态动词could表示____________。
情态动词could除了用作can的过去式之外，还可代替can表示现在或将来的“可能性”。
E.g. ... a robot __________ be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. ......考虑到人们对盗牛行为日益加剧的担忧，机器人可能极为有用。
–I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake. 我错拿了别人的绿色毛衣。
--It _____________ Harry’s. He always wears green. 那可能是Harry的，他总是穿绿色的毛衣。
【译文】____________________________________________________。
A history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects.
1). which may contain the facts in story form是一个_______________，____________代替_________________，在从句中做_______语。
2). to read是_________做形容词easy的__________，句子主语a history book是read的_____语。
E.g. ..., especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult _________ in captivity. ......，特别是在黑犀牛以难以圈养繁育而闻名的情况下
They became difficult __________. 他们变得难以控制。
3). one是_______词，代替__________。
one可用作不定代词，代替前面出现过的名词，以避免重复。 one只代表与前面出现过的可数名词同一种类的其中一个，即替代“a(an) + 名词”。如果替代的名词为复数，则用ones。
E.g. I haven’t a pen. Can you lend me _____ 我没带钢笔，你能借我一支吗？（one = ______________）
If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand, could you get _______ for me 如果你去报摊上买今天的报纸，可不可以给我买一份？（one = __________）
We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose ______ based on your own interests. 我们有各种各样的暑期夏令营，你们可以根据自己的兴趣选择一项。（one = ___________）
Helping others is a habit, _______ you can learn even at an early age. 帮助别人是一种习惯，一种在很小时你就能学会的习惯。（one = ____________）
The CDs are on sale! Buy one and you get ________ completely free. 这些CD在促销。买一个就完全免费得到一个。（one = _______）
I prefer a flat in Inverness to ______ in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom' s. 我更喜欢一套在Inverness的公寓，而不是在Perth，因为我想住的和我妈近一些。（one = ________）
We’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found ______ we like yet. 我们一直在看房子，但还没有找到我们所喜欢的。（one = ________）
We needed a new cupboard for the kitchen. So Peter made _______ from some wood we had. 我们需要为厨房（添置）一个新的橱柜，所以Peter就用我们有的木料制做了一个。（one = ___________）
I didn’t buy a calculator. They only had expensive ________. 我没有买计算器，他们只有贵的。（ones = ___________）
Cars do cause us some health problems —in fact far more serious _______ than mobile phones do. 汽车给我们带来了一些健康问题------事实上远比手机带来的问题严重。（ones = ___________）
如果特指与前面出现过的可数名词同一种类的一个时，用the one，即替代“the + 名词”。这时，后面往往有定语限制。如果替代的名词为复数，则用the ones。
E.g. My most famous relative of all, ____________who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great-grandfather. 我所有的亲戚中最著名的，那个真地在美洲留下过足迹的，是Rob Sussel，我的曾祖父。（the one = _________，后面有who引导的定语从句限制）
As early as his second film, Chaplin had developed his own manner of acting, __________ that was to become world-famous. 早在他演第二部电影时，卓别林就已经形成了他自己的表演风格，这就是他后来闻名于世的表演风格。（the one = _______后面有that引导的定语从句限制）
Mr Zhang gave the textbooks to all the pupils except _______ who had already taken them. 张老师把教课书给了所有学生，除了已经拿过的那些。（the one =________后面有who引导的定语从句限制）
4). dealing with scientific subjects是___________做____________，修饰____。相当于_________：______________ scientific subjects。
【译文】______________________________________________________。
Note also the facts important for your purpose as well as anything which leads you to further research. 还要记下那些对你的目的重要的事实以及任何引导你进一步研究的东西。
1). 本句是以动词note开头的一个________句。
2). as well as并列___________和___________两个______语。important for your purpose是形容词短语做________，修饰________；which leads you to further research是__________，修饰__________
as well as通常起_________的作用，连接两个_______的成分，相当于______或_________
E.g. Electronic computers can add and subtract ____________ multiply and divide. 电子计算机能够加减，也能乘除。
In recent years scientific and technological developments have changed human life on our planet, ______________ our views both of ourselves as individuals in society and of the universe as a whole. 近几年来，科学技术上的新成就，改变了人类在地球上的生活，也改变了我们对于社会中的个人和宇宙的看法。
Thomas was a real friend, for he advised me ______________ helped me with my Arabic. 汤姆斯是个真正的朋友，他不但建议我还帮助我学习阿拉伯语。
在很多情况下，说话者把as well as的______项作为语义表达的重点
E.g. Hoover wanted men who could handle a teacup ____________ a tommy-gun. 胡佛需要既会使用机动步枪又懂社交礼仪的人。
John can speak Chinese ____________French. 约翰能讲法语还能将汉语。
It is a political ______________　an economic question. 这既是一个经济问题也是一个政治问题。
Free medical treatment in this country covers sickness of mind __________ordinary sickness. 这个国家的免费治疗不仅包括普通的疾病，也包括精神疾病
Television is another major instrument of communication, permitting us to see _____________ to hear the performer. 电视是有一种主要的通讯仪器，使得我们有可能不仅能听到表演者的声音，而且能看到表演者的表演。
This training program can give you a lift at work, ____________increase your income by 40%. 这个培训计划除了可以提高你的收入40%之外，还能够让你在工作方面得到提升。
有时as well as还可以用作介词，相当于_________或_____________。
E.g. _____________ printing the books, he publishes them. 除了印刷这些书外，他还把它们出版发行了。
He spent all his money, ___________ wasting his time. 他不仅浪费了时间，还花光了所有的钱。
【译文】____________________________________________________。
It is enough to put the page number and one or two words as a reminder.
本句中It是________________，__________是后面的___________短语____________________________。
在“It is/was + 形容词 + 动词不定式”结构中，It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。
E.g. For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, ______ increasingly difficult ________ workers interested in watching cattle. 对于德克萨斯的养牛人Pete Bonds来说，找到对放牛感兴趣的人越来越难了。
________ hard for us ___________ with them. 我们最终要放弃他们很不容易。
【译文】_____________________________________________。
Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
1). 本句是一个________句，句子主语是_____________。
在“here is/are + 名词”结构中，用is还是用are取决于____________。
E.g. Here ______ some important inventions. 下面是一些重要的发明。
Here _______ my replies to your questions. 这是我对你的问题的回答。
Here _________ a story about some poor people in the USA. 这是一个关于美国一些穷人的故事。
但，当主语是代词时，则必须采用_________语序。如：Here they are.
2). to help improve your reading speed是_____________做___________，修饰_______。相当于________从句：__________________________________
【译文】________________________________________________________。
Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.
1). cool rather than warm是____________________语。
E.g. These days, safety regulations ... tend to keep stadium capacities slightly lower. 现如今，安全法规倾向于保持球场容量略低，...... 。
2). 句中的rather than用作_____词，表示否定，可译为“_______”，语义上相当于and not，用以连接两个________的成分。有人把这种用法的rather than叫做“准并列连词”。
E.g. The color seems green ______________blue. 颜色好像是绿色，不是蓝色。
It ought to be you _______________ me that sign the letter. 是你而不是我应该在信上签字。
They were screaming ___________ singing. 他们是在尖叫，而不是在唱歌。
She telephoned______________ wrote. 她打了电话，而没有写信。
He is to be pitied _______________to be disliked. 他应该得到怜悯，而不是被厌恶。
当用rather than来连接主语时，谓语动词的数决定于充当主语的________名词的数。
g. The younger brother, rather than his two elder brother, ________ to answer
for the wrong doings. 是弟弟而不是他的两个哥哥，要对错误行为负责。
3). to avoid feeling sleepy是____________做_____语，表_________。
4). feeling sleepy是动__________做动词avoid的____语。
动词avoid后面只能接_______、______或_______做宾语。即“______________”或“______________”。属于此类的的动词还有deny, enjoy, confess, consider, escape, can’t help, quit, resume, appreciate, finish, repent, miss, fancy, mind等。
E.g. They all avoided _________that name. 他们都避免提到那个名字。
I’ve enjoyed _________ you and talking about old times. 能和你见面叙旧，我感到很快乐。
Of course he denied __________ for you. 他当然否认为你工作。
He confessed __________ part in a plot to free the prisoner. 他承认参与释放这个囚犯的密谋。
Would you consider _____________ 你考虑移居他国吗？
There’s no way to escape _____________ the work. 无法逃避做这项工作。
I prepared to resume __________. 我准备继续阅读。
After I had finished ____________, he proposed to set off immediately. 我刚吃完，他就提议马上出发。
He repented ___________ the bird. 他后悔射死了这只鸟。
I missed ______________ my hand. 我差点（没）烧了手。
Do you fancy ____________ to see a movie sometime 你想不想有空去看场电影？
Do you mind __________alone 你介意独处吗？
【译文】_______________________________________________。
（祁兆国）