专 题 三
中考题型
第17讲 短文填空题型
要点归纳思维导图
考向及母题典例
考向1：短文自由填空
1. 解题步骤：
（1）快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来；
（2）上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；
（3）通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。
无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词（并列连词和从属连词）等虚词。
（1）名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。
（2）如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法；
（3）并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等；
（4）两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词（what,which, who, how, when等）。或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。
母题 1
（2022·广东·统考中考真题）请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
Would you like to start your day with a cup of tea If the answer is 1 , you may have the same habit as many people.
You may not know 2 popular tea is. Among all kinds of drinks, tea is one of the two choices. People like it because it is 3 for their health.
Tea is mostly produced 4 Asian countries like China and India. Chinese people started to drink tea as early as 5,000 years 5 . At that time, people made tea in a simple way just put fresh tea leaves into hot 6 .
Tea wasn’t introduced into Europe until the early 17th century. And now it has 7 popular in Europe and America. People there like to 8 tea with sugar or milk in it. As the population of tea drinkers gets larger, tea business is getting 9 important than before.
The first International Tea Day was on May 21st, 2020. Since then, people have celebrated 10 every year. The Day makes people realize the importance of tea workers and....
【答案】
1．yes 2．how 3．good 4．in 5．ago 6．water 7．become 8．drink 9．more 10．it
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍茶文化的发展和变化。
1．句意：如果答案是肯定的，你可能和很多人有相同的习惯。根据“Would you like to start your day with a cup of tea ”和“you may have the same habit as many people”可知，肯定回答用yes，表示有饮茶习惯，故填yes。
2．句意：你可能不知道茶有多受欢迎。此处强调的中心词是形容词“popular”，用how，故填how。
3．句意：人们喜欢它，因为它对他们的健康有益。根据“People like it because it is...for their health.”可知，喝茶对健康有益，be good for“对……有好处”，故填good。
4．句意：茶叶主要产自中国和印度等亚洲国家。根据“Tea is mostly produced...Asian countries like China and India.”可知，用在国家前，用介词in，故填in。
5．句意：中国人早在5000年前就开始喝茶了。根据“Chinese people started to drink tea as early as 5,000 years...”和常识可知，中国人早在5000年前就开始喝茶了，ago“之前”符合语境，故填ago。
6．句意：那时候，人们泡茶的方法很简单，就是把新鲜的茶叶放进热水里。根据“people made tea in a simple way just put fresh tea leaves into hot...”可知，用热水泡茶，water“水”符合语境，故填water。
7．句意：现在它已经在欧洲和美国流行了。根据“And now it has...popular in Europe and America.”可知，茶现在在欧洲和美国流行了，become“变得”符合语境，用于现在完成时结构中，故填become。
8．句意：那里的人喜欢喝茶加糖或牛奶。根据“People there like to...tea with sugar or milk in it.”可知，喜欢喝茶的时候加糖或牛奶，drink“喝”，like to do sth“喜欢做某事”，故填drink。
9．句意：随着饮茶人群的增加，茶叶生意变得比以前更加重要。根据“than before”可知，此处使用比较级，more important“更重要的”，故填more。
10．句意：从那时起，人们每年都庆祝这一天。此处指“International Tea Day”，用it代替，在句中作宾语，故填it。
考向2：短文首字母填空
首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。
满分技巧
1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。
快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。
2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。
把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。
3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。
在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
母题 2
（2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
At the dinner table, Westerners use knives and forks, while the Chinese use chopsticks. S 11 at least 3,000 years ago, chopsticks have been the eating tool for the Chinese people. Ancient Chinese used pottery pots (陶罐) to cook food during the Pottery Age. And they used branches or bamboo sticks to p 12 up the food. Later on, they developed the habit of using the chopsticks. In general, the material of chopsticks can be d 13 into five groups: bamboo and wood, metal, jade, bone and chemical plastics. In Modern Chinese family life, people prefer to use the bamboo or wooden chopsticks b 14 they are good for the environment and cost a little.
Using knives and forks or chopsticks brings about a difference not o 15 in lifestyle. For example, the use of knives and forks makes it c 16 for people to eat individually (分别地). And the use of chopsticks makes it possible for the family members to have meals t 17 . As the Westerners prefer to eat individually, they have the idea and habit of not d 18 on others after they grow into adults. The w 19 that Chinese people use chopsticks and eat with others around the table is connected with the lifestyle of the Chinese family. Nowadays, an increasing n 20 of foreign students are coming to China. They are happy to learn to use chopsticks and enjoy the pleasure of eating with friends around the table.
【答案】
11．(S)ince 12．(p)ick 13．(d)ivided 14．(b)ecause 15．(o)nly 16．(c)onvenient 17．(t)ogether 18．(d)epending 19．(w)ay 20．(n)umber
【导语】本文主要介绍了中西方使用餐具的文化差异。
11．句意：至少从3000年前开始，筷子就一直是中国人的饮食工具。根据“have been”可知，句子是现在完成时， 结合首字母可知，应填since表示“自从”，故填(S)ince。
12．句意：他们用树枝或竹竿夹起食物。根据“used branches or bamboo sticks to p...up the food.”可知古时候人们用树枝或竹竿夹起食物，此处应用动词短语pick up，动词不定式符号to后，应用动词原形。故填(p)ick。
13．句意：一般来说，筷子的材料可以分为五类：竹木、金属、玉石、骨和化学塑料。be divided into“被分为……”，是固定搭配。故填(d)ivided。
14．句意：在现代中国家庭生活中，人们更喜欢使用竹筷或木筷，因为它们对环境有益，而且价格低廉。根据“people prefer to use the bamboo or wooden chopsticks b...they are good for the environment and cost a little.”可知人们现在喜欢使用竹筷或木筷是因为它们对环境有益，而且便宜。because“因为”符合语境，故填(b)ecause。
15．句意：使用刀叉或筷子带来的不仅仅是生活方式的不同。根据“Using knives and forks or chopsticks brings about a difference not o...in lifestyle.”以及下文介绍可知，人们使用刀叉或筷子带来的不仅仅是生活方式的不同。not only“不仅仅”，故填(o)nly。
16．句意：例如，刀叉的使用方便了人们单独吃饭。根据“the use of knives and forks makes it c...for people to eat individually (分别地).”可知刀叉很方便人们单独吃饭，convenient“方便的”，形容词作宾语补足语，故填(c)onvenient。
17．句意：筷子的使用使家庭成员一起吃饭成为可能。根据“the family members to have meals...”结合首字母可知，是指一起吃饭。together“一起”符合语境，故填(t)ogether。
18．句意：由于西方人喜欢单独吃饭，所以他们长大后有不依赖别人的观念和习惯。depend on“依赖”，是固定搭配，of是介词，后加动名词。故填(d)epending。
19．句意：中国人使用筷子和与他人一起吃饭的方式与中国家庭的生活方式有关。根据“Chinese people use chopsticks and eat with others around the table is connected with the lifestyle of the Chinese family”结合首字母可知，中国人使用筷子和与他人一起吃饭的方式与中国家庭的生活方式有关。way“方式”，名词。故填(w)ay。
20．句意：如今，越来越多的外国学生来到中国。an increasing number of表示“越来越多的”。故填(n)umber。
考向3：短文杂糅填空
杂糅型短文填空是指文章中有多种提示类型，如英语单词、汉语意思、音标或者不给提示词等。这种题型主要考查考生的整体阅读能力、语言知识的运用能力、逻辑思维能力和书面表达能力，特别是单词和短语的拼写能力。
母题 3
（2023·山东聊城·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处按要求填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。每空1个单词。
Zhao Yafu is an old agricultural（农业的）researcher in Jiangsu Province. He spends most of the year working 21 （介词）the fields.
Born in 1941, Zhao’s childhood dream was to become 22 （冠词）news reporter. When he was at college, Zhao saw how hard lives were in the countryside, 23 （连词）he decided to do something to help. He began to teach agricultural science to the farmers in a primary 24 (school) in the village. “The villagers needed someone to help 25 (they) change their minds and learn new techniques（技术）,” Zhao said.
Zhao kept on 26 (encourage) the farmers to use the new techniques and to plant new kinds of rice, which brought in a lot of money. As time went by, more new 27 (house) and roads were built in the village. And the villagers came to understand that Zhao 28 (real) wanted to help them.
Besides working in Jiangsu, Zhao and his team are also 29 (active) in Western China. Since 2013, they have helped many farmers in Western China become rich.
“I saw how poor villagers used to be, and I also see how they have 30 (change) over the years. I will continue with my work if my health is not too bad,” said Zhao.
【答案】
21．in 22．a 23．so 24．school 25．them 26．encouraging 27．houses 28．really 29．active 30．changed
【导语】本文主要介绍了赵亚夫帮助中国农民致富的事迹。
21．句意：他一年中大部分时间都在田里干活。根据“the fields”可知此处介词应填入in，in the fields表示“在田里”。故填in。
22．句意：出生于1941年，赵的童年梦想就是成为一名新闻记者。根据“news reporter”可知reporter为单数名词，news为辅音音素开头的单词，此处应用不定冠词a来表泛指。故填a。
23．句意：上大学的时候，赵看到了农村生活的艰难，所以他决定做点什么来帮忙。空格前后两句在语意上存在因果关系，前为因，后为果，因此应用表示因果关系的连词so来连接。故填so。
24．句意：他开始在村里的一所小学教农民农业科学。根据“a”可知此处应用名词school的单数形式。故填school。
25．句意：赵说：“村民们需要有人帮助他们改变主意，学习新技术。”根据“change”可知此处应用人称代词they的宾格them作宾语。故填them。
26．句意：赵继续鼓励农民使用新技术，种植新型水稻，这带来了大量资金。根据“kept on”可知此处应用动词短语keep on doing sth表示“继续做某事”，动词encourage的动名词为encouraging。故填encouraging。
27．句意：随着时间的推移，村里建起了更多的新房子和道路。根据“more”可知此处应用名词house的复数形式houses。故填houses。
28．句意：村民们开始明白，赵真的很想帮助他们。根据“wanted”可知此处应用real的副词really来修饰动词wanted。故填really。
29．句意：除了在江苏工作外，赵和他的团队还活跃在中国西部。根据“are”可知后接形容词active作表语。故填active。
30．句意：我看到了村民们过去的贫穷，也看到了他们这些年来的变化。根据“have”和“over the years”可知句子应用现在完成时，其谓语结构为：have/has+过去分词。动词change的过去分词为changed。故填changed。
考向4：短文提示词填空
此类短文填空题一般会给出汉语意思或英文单词。做此类短文填空题时，要准确理解语意，根据文中同样结构或类似结构确定应填词的词性和词形。不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。
母题 4
（2022·浙江衢州·统考中考真题）根据材料内容和所给中文提示，写出空白处各单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
静夜思 Thoughts on a Tranquil Night 李白 By Li Bai 床前明月光，Before my bed a pool of 31 （光）; 疑是地上霜。O can it be hoarfrost on the ground 举头望明月，Looking up, I find the moon 32 （明亮）; 低头思故乡。Bowing, in homesickness I’m drowned. —Translated by Xu Yuanchong
Xu Yuanchong is a famous translator in China. He built a cultural 33 （桥梁）among Chinese, English and French speakers. He showed the special beauty of ancient Chinese 34 （诗歌）when translating them into another language. Through Xu’s translations, English and French speaking readers are able to 35 （理解）Chinese works better. Meanwhile, Chinese readers can enjoy foreign works more.
Xu Yuanchong started to translate during his college years. In 1939, he published his earliest English translation. In the late 1940s, he 36 （花费）a few years studying in France. After he graduated, he 37 （返回）to China and put all his efforts to translation. He said, “The greatest joy on the earth is to introduce the beauty created by people to the 38 （整个）world.” Xu Yuanchong believed that translation was a kind of art and it was endless.
On June 17, 2021, after giving his life to translation for more than 39 （六十）years, Xu passed away in Beijing at the age of 100. Today, more than 100 kinds of Xu’s books have been popular at home and 40 （在国外）.
As Xu said, “Life is not how long you live, but how long you can remember.” He enjoyed a life worth remembering.
【答案】
31．light 32．bright 33．bridge 34．poems 35．understand 36．spent 37．returned 38．whole 39．sixty 40．abroad
【导语】本文主要向我们介绍了著名的翻译家许渊冲和他翻译的《静夜思》。
31．句意：床前明月光。light“光”，在介词后作宾语，故填light。
32．句意：举头望明月。bright“明亮的”，作宾语补足语，故填bright。
33．句意：他在说汉语、英语和法语的人之间架起了一座文化的桥梁。bridge“桥梁”，此前有a修饰，使用名词单数形式，故填bridge。
34．句意：当他把中国古诗翻译成另一种语言时，他展示了中国古诗的特殊之美。poem“诗歌”，此处表示复数含义，使用名词复数形式，故填poems。
35．句意：通过许的翻译，说英语和法语的读者能够更好地理解中国作品。understand“理解”，be able to do sth“能够做某事”，故填understand。
36．句意：20世纪40年代末，他在法国学习了几年。spend“花费”，根据“In the late 1940s”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填spent。
37．句意：毕业后，他回到了中国，把所有的精力都放在了翻译上。return“返回”，根据“graduated”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填returned。
38．句意：世界上最大的快乐就是把人类创造的美介绍给全世界。whole“整个”，作定语修饰world，故填whole。
39．句意：2021年6月17日去世，享年100岁，他将自己的生命献给了翻译六十多年。sixty“六十”，作定语修饰year，故填sixty。
40．句意：时至今日，许渊冲的100多种作品在国内外广受欢迎。abroad“在国外”，在句中作状语，故填abroad。
考向5：短文选词填空
选词填空是指把一篇文章的关键词语挖空，词序打乱，让学生根据短文内容选择正确的词语填空。此类题型主要是要求学生在正确理解和把握文章的基础上，通过分析行文线索来填写空缺单词，补全短文。
满分技巧
短文填词答题技巧口诀 空前空后要注意， 名词单复要牢记。要有’s不能弃。 动词注意要变形， ＂皇帝＂、＂大臣＂要分清。 形、副注意要用三级， 副词用法要谨记。 要用数词请留意， 千万别忘＂基＂和＂序＂。 填入代词需慎重， 五格变化记心中。
母题 5
（2023·山东菏泽·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，用方框内所给词汇的适当形式填空，使短文语义完整。
smoke and see quickly chopstick be it gift husband into
There is an interesting legend about how chopsticks were invented. It is said that Jiang Ziya and his wife once lived a poor life in the Shang Dynasty. The cruel wife was not satisfied with their life and always wanted to hurt her 41 .
One day, Jiang Ziya’s wife cooked some meat and put something into it secretly. When Jiang Ziya was about to take the meat, a bird flew in through the window 42 pecked (啄) him. He didn’t eat the meat and hurried off to catch the bird. Jiang Ziya knew it 43 a fairy bird, so he pretended (假装) to drive the bird and ran after it out to a hillside. The fairy bird stopped on a bamboo, shook off two bamboo sticks and whispered, “Jiang Ziya, you should pick up the meat with these bamboo sticks.”
Jiang Ziya 44 picked the two bamboo sticks and returned home.
When his wife asked him to eat the meat again, Jiang Ziya put the two bamboo sticks 45 the bowl to hold the meat. Suddenly, he 46 the bamboo sticks hissing (发出“嘶嘶”声) out green smoke. Jiang Ziya pretended not to know about the truth and said to his wife, “How can the meat 47 Is there anything wrong with the meat ” As he said it, Jiang Ziya picked up the meat and offered 48 to his wife’s mouth. His wife’s face turned white and she hurried out of the door.
Jiang Ziya knew that these bamboo sticks were a 49 sent by the fairy bird. From then on, he used the two bamboo sticks for every meal.
After the story was told, not only did his wife dare not hurt him again, but also the neighbors learned to eat with bamboo sticks. Later, more and more people ate with 50 , and the custom was passed down from generation to generation.
【答案】
41．husband 42．and 43．was 44．quickly 45．into 46．saw 47．smoke 48．it 49．gift 50．chopsticks
【导语】本文主要介绍了一个关于筷子是如何发明的传说。
41．句意：残忍的妻子对他们的生活不满意，总是想伤害她的丈夫。根据“The cruel wife was not satisfied with their life and always wanted to hurt her ”以及所给词可知这个残忍的妻子想要伤害她的丈夫，husband“丈夫”符合。故填husband。
42．句意：姜子牙正要取肉的时候，一只鸟从窗户飞了进来，啄了他一下。“flew in through the window”和“pecked (啄) him”是并列动作，用and连接。故填and。
43．句意：姜子牙知道那是一只仙鸟，就假装赶着那只仙鸟跑到了一个山坡上。根据“it...a fairy bird”可知它是一只仙鸟，句子用一般过去时，主语是it，be动词用was。故填was。
44．句意：姜子牙赶紧拿起两根竹签回家。根据“picked the two bamboo sticks and returned home.”以及所给词可知是快速拿起竹签，修饰动词用副词quickly“快速地”。故填quickly。
45．句意：当妻子让姜子牙再次吃肉时，姜子牙把两根竹签放进碗里盛肉。根据“Jiang Ziya put the two bamboo sticks...the bowl”可知是把竹签放进碗里，into“到里面”。故填into。
46．句意：突然，他看到竹签发出阵阵青烟。根据“the bamboo sticks hissing (发出“嘶嘶”声) out green smoke”以及所给词可知是看到了青烟，see“看见”，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填saw。
47．句意：这肉怎么会冒烟？根据“the bamboo sticks hissing (发出“嘶嘶”声) out green smoke”可知此处指冒烟，smoke“冒烟”，情态动词后加动词原形。故填smoke。
48．句意：说着，姜子牙拿起肉递给妻子。根据“offered...to his wife’s mouth”可知是把肉放进妻子的嘴里，用代词it。故填it。
49．句意：姜子牙知道这些竹签是仙鸟送的礼物。根据“sent by the fairy bird”以及所给词可知是仙鸟送的礼物，a后加名词单数gift“礼物”。故填gift。
50．句意：后来，越来越多的人用筷子吃饭，这一习俗代代相传。根据“more and more people ate with...”可知是用筷子吃饭，chopstick“筷子”，用名词复数。故填chopsticks。
名校新优子题高分必刷
短文填空
名校新优子题必刷 1
短文首字母填空
（2023·江苏盐城·校考二模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。
In 2011, a tsunami hit the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (福岛第一核电站) in Japan, l 1 to big nuclear damage (损害). To stop further problems, Japan d 2 to use water to cool the damaged reactors (反应堆).
Now, more than 1.3 million tons of water—enough to fill 500 Olympic-sized swimming pools have been used since t 3 . It’s still going up with more than 100 tons every day. The water is p 4 by radioactive (放射性的) materials and is kept in storage tanks.
Without enough space to store the tanks, Japan said that it would release the wastewater into the Pacific Ocean this spring. On March 17, part of the equipment to release the wastewater started operation for the f 5 time, according to Japanese media TV Asahi.
This decision has caused a number of hot d 6 . The Japanese government insisted that the radionuclides (放射性核素) in the wastewater will have been mostly cleared. So it is safe to release the water into the ocean and it won’t be bad for the environment.
H 7 , not everyone agrees with this decision. Japan’s environmental groups and f 8 worry about the sea life and the fishing industry there, the BBC reported.
Some neighbouring countries, s 9 as South Korea, are worried about the possible problems brought on their own fishing industries and the environment. China, along with Russia, asked Japan a list of technical questions on the plan in May 2022. But the Japanese side was unable to answer these questions or talk f 10 about the matter.
On March 14, the Chinese Foreign Ministry once again denounced (谴责) Japan’s decision to release the wastewater into the sea.
名校新优子题必刷 2
短文汉语提示填空
（2023·浙江湖州·校考三模）根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
The Phryges (费里热)—the Paris 2024 Mascots
The mascots for the 2024 Paris Olympics and Paralympics have shown up in front of the public. They are the Phryges, two Phrygian caps.
The 11 (软的) red cap is also known as a liberty cap. In ancient times, it was worn in Phrygia, a place in modern-day Turkey. That was how it got 12 (它的) name. During the French Revolution, it was a symbol of freedom. Today, it 13 (成为) a common symbol for French people. It appears in paintings, during big events, and even on everyday things such as 14 (硬币) and stamps. In The Smurfs (《蓝精灵》), a popular French cartoon series, every smurf wears a Phrygian cap.
The organizers said 15 (自豪地) that they didn’t want to choose animals, or 16 (那些) different from others. Instead, they really 17 (需要) something that could stand for an “ideal”.
The Paralympic Phryge has a prosthetic (假体的) leg that goes to the 18 (膝盖). Michael, a gold medal winner at the 2008 Beijing Paralympics, says the prosthetic leg can 19 (发送) an encouraging message to disabled people around the world.
The two mascots share a motto of “Alone we go 20 (更快地), but together we go further.” They will help people from all over the world know more about the 2024 Paris Olympics and Paralympics.
名校新优子题必刷 3
短文语境提示填空
（2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆一中校考三模）根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
One bright morning, I was out for my usual run when I met an elderly lady who was waving her phone and talking to me in a language I couldn’t understand. It sounded like she was in a hurry to get somewhere. I quickly realized that she was 21 and couldn’t speak any English.
She showed me a map app on her phone, but I had no ideas 22 to read it. So, I quickly got a translation app online and we used the app to communicate. She spoke into the microphone in her language and it translated her words into English for me to understand. I put in some words 23 my reply to her and we were able to communicate!
I soon knew that she needed to get home, which was a long walk away. She didn’t want to use any public transportation but I offered to walk her to a bus stop where she could call her daughter for a 24 . Then her daughter could drive her home. As we walked, we laughed and joked, 25 we couldn’t understand each other’s language. It was a pretty fun experience!
Along the way, the elderly lady kept 26 me for my time. I had to keep reminding her that it was no trouble at all and saying that it was my pleasure to help her. Finally, we reached the bus stop and she made her call. We said our goodbyes and she gave me a heart-warming message that made me happy the whole day. Even today, I 27 hold that warm feeling in my heart.
Nowadays, as technology has progressed and changed our world day by day, there’s always 28 that never changes. If you help a stranger find his or her way, maybe you will also get help from another stranger sometime in the future when you get lost in a strange city. We might lose our way but there is always a way to help.
名校新优子题必刷 4
短文综合填空
（2023·福建泉州·统考三模）Mark Twain once said that everyone talks about the weather, but no one ever does anything about it. This was 29 /tru / in his day but it may not be the case in today’s world. In fact, humans have 30 (find) many different ways to control the weather.
Cloud seeding (云催化) is a kind of technology that can control rain. It can change the amount of water inside the cloud, which helps control the amount of rain, the time when it rains and even where it rains.
This technology has played a key 31 /r ul/ during important events. For example, China used cloud seeding in Beijing just before the Olympic Games in order to stop rain 32 falling during the event.
However, scientists are still discussing 33 to use this technology properly. On one hand, it is believed that it might have side effects. For example, things it uses may be 34 (harm) to the environment. On the other hand, no two clouds are 35 same, so every new experiment introduces new 36 (change). Besides controlling rain, scientists have also tried to find ways to weaken storms and hurricanes (飓风). US scientists think it might be possible to control hurricanes by 37 (use) lasers (激光). Others believe that burning petroleum (石油) in a hurricane’s path could 38 /sl u/ the storms down.
名校新优子题必刷 5
短文选词填空
（2023·江苏盐城·校考二模）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每词或短语限用一次。
hometown study he treat help health silence west according to serve as
Wu Ming, a 27-year-old German, is a big fan of Chinese culture, like the Shaolin kung fu. He has been learning TCM — traditional Chinese medicine since 2016. Now he 39 at Henan University of Chinese Medicine.
As he thought some illnesses can’t 40 well with modern medicine, he decided to study TCM. Wu came to Henan Province in 2015, where the TCM culture can be enjoyed because Henan Province is the 41 of Zhang Zhongjing. After learning the Chinese language for one year, he started to learn Chinese medicine. “TCM is one of the best parts in Chinese culture,” said Wu. He hopes to solve problems and understand Chinese culture by learning TCM.
Studying TCM also changed Wu’s mind and lifestyle. He used to spend much time playing computer games and stay up late every night, lost himself in this fast-paced but 42 lifestyle. But now he lives a healthy and peaceful life, practicing good habits like drinking tea and sitting 43 , as well as reading ancient books, 44 the Yin-Yang theory (理论) in TCM.
Wu also makes use of what he has learned 45 his family. Acupuncture (针灸) tools and Chinese medicine were welcomed when he went back to 46 home in Germany. With acupuncture and Chinese-style massages, many physical health problems of his families have been solved. Now, he always provides his family with some advice about staying healthy after he checks their tongues (舌头) online. Over time, his family began to understand his passion about TCM.
In Wu’s opinion, there’s no big difference between China and 47 countries. He plans to run a traditional Chinese clinic (诊所) in China or Germany after university, which could 48 a bridge between the two countries and make TCM and its culture known by more people.专 题 三
中考题型
第17讲 短文填空题型
要点归纳思维导图
考向及母题典例
考向1：短文自由填空
1. 解题步骤：
（1）快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来；
（2）上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的词以及正确的形式；
（3）通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。
无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词（并列连词和从属连词）等虚词。
（1）名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。
（2）如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法；
（3）并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等；
（4）两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词（what,which, who, how, when等）。或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。
母题 1
（2022·广东·统考中考真题）请阅读下面短文，在所给的每个空格中填入一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
Would you like to start your day with a cup of tea If the answer is 1 , you may have the same habit as many people.
You may not know 2 popular tea is. Among all kinds of drinks, tea is one of the two choices. People like it because it is 3 for their health.
Tea is mostly produced 4 Asian countries like China and India. Chinese people started to drink tea as early as 5,000 years 5 . At that time, people made tea in a simple way just put fresh tea leaves into hot 6 .
Tea wasn’t introduced into Europe until the early 17th century. And now it has 7 popular in Europe and America. People there like to 8 tea with sugar or milk in it. As the population of tea drinkers gets larger, tea business is getting 9 important than before.
The first International Tea Day was on May 21st, 2020. Since then, people have celebrated 10 every year. The Day makes people realize the importance of tea workers and....
【答案】
1．yes 2．how 3．good 4．in 5．ago 6．water 7．become 8．drink 9．more 10．it
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍茶文化的发展和变化。
1．句意：如果答案是肯定的，你可能和很多人有相同的习惯。根据“Would you like to start your day with a cup of tea ”和“you may have the same habit as many people”可知，肯定回答用yes，表示有饮茶习惯，故填yes。
2．句意：你可能不知道茶有多受欢迎。此处强调的中心词是形容词“popular”，用how，故填how。
3．句意：人们喜欢它，因为它对他们的健康有益。根据“People like it because it is...for their health.”可知，喝茶对健康有益，be good for“对……有好处”，故填good。
4．句意：茶叶主要产自中国和印度等亚洲国家。根据“Tea is mostly produced...Asian countries like China and India.”可知，用在国家前，用介词in，故填in。
5．句意：中国人早在5000年前就开始喝茶了。根据“Chinese people started to drink tea as early as 5,000 years...”和常识可知，中国人早在5000年前就开始喝茶了，ago“之前”符合语境，故填ago。
6．句意：那时候，人们泡茶的方法很简单，就是把新鲜的茶叶放进热水里。根据“people made tea in a simple way just put fresh tea leaves into hot...”可知，用热水泡茶，water“水”符合语境，故填water。
7．句意：现在它已经在欧洲和美国流行了。根据“And now it has...popular in Europe and America.”可知，茶现在在欧洲和美国流行了，become“变得”符合语境，用于现在完成时结构中，故填become。
8．句意：那里的人喜欢喝茶加糖或牛奶。根据“People there like to...tea with sugar or milk in it.”可知，喜欢喝茶的时候加糖或牛奶，drink“喝”，like to do sth“喜欢做某事”，故填drink。
9．句意：随着饮茶人群的增加，茶叶生意变得比以前更加重要。根据“than before”可知，此处使用比较级，more important“更重要的”，故填more。
10．句意：从那时起，人们每年都庆祝这一天。此处指“International Tea Day”，用it代替，在句中作宾语，故填it。
考向2：短文首字母填空
首字母填空是根据句意和已给出的首字母，在句子的空白处填上适当的单词，使句子意思完整，语法正确的一种题型。该题型既考查学生的单词记忆和拼写能力，又考查学生对句子的理解和运用能力。
满分技巧
1. 跳过空格，不看选项，快速地阅读全文，从整体上感知全文，掌握大意，了解全篇的内容和要旨。
快速阅读时宁粗勿细，切忌只盯住一个句子仓促解题，这样势必因胸无全局而误入歧途。快速阅读时，还要注意找出关键词，这些词在文中起支撑骨架的功能，抓住了关键词就抓住了故事的线索。特别是要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。
2. 复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。
把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填词的正确形式。如短文难度较大，尤其是难于选词时，从本句的前后观察中一时尚不得要领，就要进一步扩大到上下文中分析。
3. 三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。
在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。
母题 2
（2023·江苏镇江·统考中考真题）根据短文内容及所给首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词。
At the dinner table, Westerners use knives and forks, while the Chinese use chopsticks. S 11 at least 3,000 years ago, chopsticks have been the eating tool for the Chinese people. Ancient Chinese used pottery pots (陶罐) to cook food during the Pottery Age. And they used branches or bamboo sticks to p 12 up the food. Later on, they developed the habit of using the chopsticks. In general, the material of chopsticks can be d 13 into five groups: bamboo and wood, metal, jade, bone and chemical plastics. In Modern Chinese family life, people prefer to use the bamboo or wooden chopsticks b 14 they are good for the environment and cost a little.
Using knives and forks or chopsticks brings about a difference not o 15 in lifestyle. For example, the use of knives and forks makes it c 16 for people to eat individually (分别地). And the use of chopsticks makes it possible for the family members to have meals t 17 . As the Westerners prefer to eat individually, they have the idea and habit of not d 18 on others after they grow into adults. The w 19 that Chinese people use chopsticks and eat with others around the table is connected with the lifestyle of the Chinese family. Nowadays, an increasing n 20 of foreign students are coming to China. They are happy to learn to use chopsticks and enjoy the pleasure of eating with friends around the table.
【答案】
11．(S)ince 12．(p)ick 13．(d)ivided 14．(b)ecause 15．(o)nly 16．(c)onvenient 17．(t)ogether 18．(d)epending 19．(w)ay 20．(n)umber
【导语】本文主要介绍了中西方使用餐具的文化差异。
11．句意：至少从3000年前开始，筷子就一直是中国人的饮食工具。根据“have been”可知，句子是现在完成时， 结合首字母可知，应填since表示“自从”，故填(S)ince。
12．句意：他们用树枝或竹竿夹起食物。根据“used branches or bamboo sticks to p...up the food.”可知古时候人们用树枝或竹竿夹起食物，此处应用动词短语pick up，动词不定式符号to后，应用动词原形。故填(p)ick。
13．句意：一般来说，筷子的材料可以分为五类：竹木、金属、玉石、骨和化学塑料。be divided into“被分为……”，是固定搭配。故填(d)ivided。
14．句意：在现代中国家庭生活中，人们更喜欢使用竹筷或木筷，因为它们对环境有益，而且价格低廉。根据“people prefer to use the bamboo or wooden chopsticks b...they are good for the environment and cost a little.”可知人们现在喜欢使用竹筷或木筷是因为它们对环境有益，而且便宜。because“因为”符合语境，故填(b)ecause。
15．句意：使用刀叉或筷子带来的不仅仅是生活方式的不同。根据“Using knives and forks or chopsticks brings about a difference not o...in lifestyle.”以及下文介绍可知，人们使用刀叉或筷子带来的不仅仅是生活方式的不同。not only“不仅仅”，故填(o)nly。
16．句意：例如，刀叉的使用方便了人们单独吃饭。根据“the use of knives and forks makes it c...for people to eat individually (分别地).”可知刀叉很方便人们单独吃饭，convenient“方便的”，形容词作宾语补足语，故填(c)onvenient。
17．句意：筷子的使用使家庭成员一起吃饭成为可能。根据“the family members to have meals...”结合首字母可知，是指一起吃饭。together“一起”符合语境，故填(t)ogether。
18．句意：由于西方人喜欢单独吃饭，所以他们长大后有不依赖别人的观念和习惯。depend on“依赖”，是固定搭配，of是介词，后加动名词。故填(d)epending。
19．句意：中国人使用筷子和与他人一起吃饭的方式与中国家庭的生活方式有关。根据“Chinese people use chopsticks and eat with others around the table is connected with the lifestyle of the Chinese family”结合首字母可知，中国人使用筷子和与他人一起吃饭的方式与中国家庭的生活方式有关。way“方式”，名词。故填(w)ay。
20．句意：如今，越来越多的外国学生来到中国。an increasing number of表示“越来越多的”。故填(n)umber。
考向3：短文杂糅填空
杂糅型短文填空是指文章中有多种提示类型，如英语单词、汉语意思、音标或者不给提示词等。这种题型主要考查考生的整体阅读能力、语言知识的运用能力、逻辑思维能力和书面表达能力，特别是单词和短语的拼写能力。
母题 3
（2023·山东聊城·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处按要求填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。每空1个单词。
Zhao Yafu is an old agricultural（农业的）researcher in Jiangsu Province. He spends most of the year working 21 （介词）the fields.
Born in 1941, Zhao’s childhood dream was to become 22 （冠词）news reporter. When he was at college, Zhao saw how hard lives were in the countryside, 23 （连词）he decided to do something to help. He began to teach agricultural science to the farmers in a primary 24 (school) in the village. “The villagers needed someone to help 25 (they) change their minds and learn new techniques（技术）,” Zhao said.
Zhao kept on 26 (encourage) the farmers to use the new techniques and to plant new kinds of rice, which brought in a lot of money. As time went by, more new 27 (house) and roads were built in the village. And the villagers came to understand that Zhao 28 (real) wanted to help them.
Besides working in Jiangsu, Zhao and his team are also 29 (active) in Western China. Since 2013, they have helped many farmers in Western China become rich.
“I saw how poor villagers used to be, and I also see how they have 30 (change) over the years. I will continue with my work if my health is not too bad,” said Zhao.
【答案】
21．in 22．a 23．so 24．school 25．them 26．encouraging 27．houses 28．really 29．active 30．changed
【导语】本文主要介绍了赵亚夫帮助中国农民致富的事迹。
21．句意：他一年中大部分时间都在田里干活。根据“the fields”可知此处介词应填入in，in the fields表示“在田里”。故填in。
22．句意：出生于1941年，赵的童年梦想就是成为一名新闻记者。根据“news reporter”可知reporter为单数名词，news为辅音音素开头的单词，此处应用不定冠词a来表泛指。故填a。
23．句意：上大学的时候，赵看到了农村生活的艰难，所以他决定做点什么来帮忙。空格前后两句在语意上存在因果关系，前为因，后为果，因此应用表示因果关系的连词so来连接。故填so。
24．句意：他开始在村里的一所小学教农民农业科学。根据“a”可知此处应用名词school的单数形式。故填school。
25．句意：赵说：“村民们需要有人帮助他们改变主意，学习新技术。”根据“change”可知此处应用人称代词they的宾格them作宾语。故填them。
26．句意：赵继续鼓励农民使用新技术，种植新型水稻，这带来了大量资金。根据“kept on”可知此处应用动词短语keep on doing sth表示“继续做某事”，动词encourage的动名词为encouraging。故填encouraging。
27．句意：随着时间的推移，村里建起了更多的新房子和道路。根据“more”可知此处应用名词house的复数形式houses。故填houses。
28．句意：村民们开始明白，赵真的很想帮助他们。根据“wanted”可知此处应用real的副词really来修饰动词wanted。故填really。
29．句意：除了在江苏工作外，赵和他的团队还活跃在中国西部。根据“are”可知后接形容词active作表语。故填active。
30．句意：我看到了村民们过去的贫穷，也看到了他们这些年来的变化。根据“have”和“over the years”可知句子应用现在完成时，其谓语结构为：have/has+过去分词。动词change的过去分词为changed。故填changed。
考向4：短文提示词填空
此类短文填空题一般会给出汉语意思或英文单词。做此类短文填空题时，要准确理解语意，根据文中同样结构或类似结构确定应填词的词性和词形。不可简单地都填原形词。若空格内填的是名词，要考虑其单复数形式；若填的是形容词或副词，则要考虑其是否属于比较等级；如若填的是动词，则要特别注意考虑其时态和语态。如在句首，还要考虑其首字母的大写。
母题 4
（2022·浙江衢州·统考中考真题）根据材料内容和所给中文提示，写出空白处各单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
静夜思 Thoughts on a Tranquil Night 李白 By Li Bai 床前明月光，Before my bed a pool of 31 （光）; 疑是地上霜。O can it be hoarfrost on the ground 举头望明月，Looking up, I find the moon 32 （明亮）; 低头思故乡。Bowing, in homesickness I’m drowned. —Translated by Xu Yuanchong
Xu Yuanchong is a famous translator in China. He built a cultural 33 （桥梁）among Chinese, English and French speakers. He showed the special beauty of ancient Chinese 34 （诗歌）when translating them into another language. Through Xu’s translations, English and French speaking readers are able to 35 （理解）Chinese works better. Meanwhile, Chinese readers can enjoy foreign works more.
Xu Yuanchong started to translate during his college years. In 1939, he published his earliest English translation. In the late 1940s, he 36 （花费）a few years studying in France. After he graduated, he 37 （返回）to China and put all his efforts to translation. He said, “The greatest joy on the earth is to introduce the beauty created by people to the 38 （整个）world.” Xu Yuanchong believed that translation was a kind of art and it was endless.
On June 17, 2021, after giving his life to translation for more than 39 （六十）years, Xu passed away in Beijing at the age of 100. Today, more than 100 kinds of Xu’s books have been popular at home and 40 （在国外）.
As Xu said, “Life is not how long you live, but how long you can remember.” He enjoyed a life worth remembering.
【答案】
31．light 32．bright 33．bridge 34．poems 35．understand 36．spent 37．returned 38．whole 39．sixty 40．abroad
【导语】本文主要向我们介绍了著名的翻译家许渊冲和他翻译的《静夜思》。
31．句意：床前明月光。light“光”，在介词后作宾语，故填light。
32．句意：举头望明月。bright“明亮的”，作宾语补足语，故填bright。
33．句意：他在说汉语、英语和法语的人之间架起了一座文化的桥梁。bridge“桥梁”，此前有a修饰，使用名词单数形式，故填bridge。
34．句意：当他把中国古诗翻译成另一种语言时，他展示了中国古诗的特殊之美。poem“诗歌”，此处表示复数含义，使用名词复数形式，故填poems。
35．句意：通过许的翻译，说英语和法语的读者能够更好地理解中国作品。understand“理解”，be able to do sth“能够做某事”，故填understand。
36．句意：20世纪40年代末，他在法国学习了几年。spend“花费”，根据“In the late 1940s”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填spent。
37．句意：毕业后，他回到了中国，把所有的精力都放在了翻译上。return“返回”，根据“graduated”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填returned。
38．句意：世界上最大的快乐就是把人类创造的美介绍给全世界。whole“整个”，作定语修饰world，故填whole。
39．句意：2021年6月17日去世，享年100岁，他将自己的生命献给了翻译六十多年。sixty“六十”，作定语修饰year，故填sixty。
40．句意：时至今日，许渊冲的100多种作品在国内外广受欢迎。abroad“在国外”，在句中作状语，故填abroad。
考向5：短文选词填空
选词填空是指把一篇文章的关键词语挖空，词序打乱，让学生根据短文内容选择正确的词语填空。此类题型主要是要求学生在正确理解和把握文章的基础上，通过分析行文线索来填写空缺单词，补全短文。
满分技巧
短文填词答题技巧口诀 空前空后要注意， 名词单复要牢记。要有’s不能弃。 动词注意要变形， ＂皇帝＂、＂大臣＂要分清。 形、副注意要用三级， 副词用法要谨记。 要用数词请留意， 千万别忘＂基＂和＂序＂。 填入代词需慎重， 五格变化记心中。
母题 5
（2023·山东菏泽·统考中考真题）阅读下面短文，用方框内所给词汇的适当形式填空，使短文语义完整。
smoke and see quickly chopstick be it gift husband into
There is an interesting legend about how chopsticks were invented. It is said that Jiang Ziya and his wife once lived a poor life in the Shang Dynasty. The cruel wife was not satisfied with their life and always wanted to hurt her 41 .
One day, Jiang Ziya’s wife cooked some meat and put something into it secretly. When Jiang Ziya was about to take the meat, a bird flew in through the window 42 pecked (啄) him. He didn’t eat the meat and hurried off to catch the bird. Jiang Ziya knew it 43 a fairy bird, so he pretended (假装) to drive the bird and ran after it out to a hillside. The fairy bird stopped on a bamboo, shook off two bamboo sticks and whispered, “Jiang Ziya, you should pick up the meat with these bamboo sticks.”
Jiang Ziya 44 picked the two bamboo sticks and returned home.
When his wife asked him to eat the meat again, Jiang Ziya put the two bamboo sticks 45 the bowl to hold the meat. Suddenly, he 46 the bamboo sticks hissing (发出“嘶嘶”声) out green smoke. Jiang Ziya pretended not to know about the truth and said to his wife, “How can the meat 47 Is there anything wrong with the meat ” As he said it, Jiang Ziya picked up the meat and offered 48 to his wife’s mouth. His wife’s face turned white and she hurried out of the door.
Jiang Ziya knew that these bamboo sticks were a 49 sent by the fairy bird. From then on, he used the two bamboo sticks for every meal.
After the story was told, not only did his wife dare not hurt him again, but also the neighbors learned to eat with bamboo sticks. Later, more and more people ate with 50 , and the custom was passed down from generation to generation.
【答案】
41．husband 42．and 43．was 44．quickly 45．into 46．saw 47．smoke 48．it 49．gift 50．chopsticks
【导语】本文主要介绍了一个关于筷子是如何发明的传说。
41．句意：残忍的妻子对他们的生活不满意，总是想伤害她的丈夫。根据“The cruel wife was not satisfied with their life and always wanted to hurt her ”以及所给词可知这个残忍的妻子想要伤害她的丈夫，husband“丈夫”符合。故填husband。
42．句意：姜子牙正要取肉的时候，一只鸟从窗户飞了进来，啄了他一下。“flew in through the window”和“pecked (啄) him”是并列动作，用and连接。故填and。
43．句意：姜子牙知道那是一只仙鸟，就假装赶着那只仙鸟跑到了一个山坡上。根据“it...a fairy bird”可知它是一只仙鸟，句子用一般过去时，主语是it，be动词用was。故填was。
44．句意：姜子牙赶紧拿起两根竹签回家。根据“picked the two bamboo sticks and returned home.”以及所给词可知是快速拿起竹签，修饰动词用副词quickly“快速地”。故填quickly。
45．句意：当妻子让姜子牙再次吃肉时，姜子牙把两根竹签放进碗里盛肉。根据“Jiang Ziya put the two bamboo sticks...the bowl”可知是把竹签放进碗里，into“到里面”。故填into。
46．句意：突然，他看到竹签发出阵阵青烟。根据“the bamboo sticks hissing (发出“嘶嘶”声) out green smoke”以及所给词可知是看到了青烟，see“看见”，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填saw。
47．句意：这肉怎么会冒烟？根据“the bamboo sticks hissing (发出“嘶嘶”声) out green smoke”可知此处指冒烟，smoke“冒烟”，情态动词后加动词原形。故填smoke。
48．句意：说着，姜子牙拿起肉递给妻子。根据“offered...to his wife’s mouth”可知是把肉放进妻子的嘴里，用代词it。故填it。
49．句意：姜子牙知道这些竹签是仙鸟送的礼物。根据“sent by the fairy bird”以及所给词可知是仙鸟送的礼物，a后加名词单数gift“礼物”。故填gift。
50．句意：后来，越来越多的人用筷子吃饭，这一习俗代代相传。根据“more and more people ate with...”可知是用筷子吃饭，chopstick“筷子”，用名词复数。故填chopsticks。
名校新优子题高分必刷
短文填空
名校新优子题必刷 1
短文首字母填空
（2023·江苏盐城·校考二模）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使其意思完整。
In 2011, a tsunami hit the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (福岛第一核电站) in Japan, l 1 to big nuclear damage (损害). To stop further problems, Japan d 2 to use water to cool the damaged reactors (反应堆).
Now, more than 1.3 million tons of water—enough to fill 500 Olympic-sized swimming pools have been used since t 3 . It’s still going up with more than 100 tons every day. The water is p 4 by radioactive (放射性的) materials and is kept in storage tanks.
Without enough space to store the tanks, Japan said that it would release the wastewater into the Pacific Ocean this spring. On March 17, part of the equipment to release the wastewater started operation for the f 5 time, according to Japanese media TV Asahi.
This decision has caused a number of hot d 6 . The Japanese government insisted that the radionuclides (放射性核素) in the wastewater will have been mostly cleared. So it is safe to release the water into the ocean and it won’t be bad for the environment.
H 7 , not everyone agrees with this decision. Japan’s environmental groups and f 8 worry about the sea life and the fishing industry there, the BBC reported.
Some neighbouring countries, s 9 as South Korea, are worried about the possible problems brought on their own fishing industries and the environment. China, along with Russia, asked Japan a list of technical questions on the plan in May 2022. But the Japanese side was unable to answer these questions or talk f 10 about the matter.
On March 14, the Chinese Foreign Ministry once again denounced (谴责) Japan’s decision to release the wastewater into the sea.
名校新优子题必刷 2
短文汉语提示填空
（2023·浙江湖州·校考三模）根据短文内容和所给中文提示，在空白处写出单词的正确形式。每空限填一词。
The Phryges (费里热)—the Paris 2024 Mascots
The mascots for the 2024 Paris Olympics and Paralympics have shown up in front of the public. They are the Phryges, two Phrygian caps.
The 11 (软的) red cap is also known as a liberty cap. In ancient times, it was worn in Phrygia, a place in modern-day Turkey. That was how it got 12 (它的) name. During the French Revolution, it was a symbol of freedom. Today, it 13 (成为) a common symbol for French people. It appears in paintings, during big events, and even on everyday things such as 14 (硬币) and stamps. In The Smurfs (《蓝精灵》), a popular French cartoon series, every smurf wears a Phrygian cap.
The organizers said 15 (自豪地) that they didn’t want to choose animals, or 16 (那些) different from others. Instead, they really 17 (需要) something that could stand for an “ideal”.
The Paralympic Phryge has a prosthetic (假体的) leg that goes to the 18 (膝盖). Michael, a gold medal winner at the 2008 Beijing Paralympics, says the prosthetic leg can 19 (发送) an encouraging message to disabled people around the world.
The two mascots share a motto of “Alone we go 20 (更快地), but together we go further.” They will help people from all over the world know more about the 2024 Paris Olympics and Paralympics.
名校新优子题必刷 3
短文语境提示填空
（2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆一中校考三模）根据下面短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
One bright morning, I was out for my usual run when I met an elderly lady who was waving her phone and talking to me in a language I couldn’t understand. It sounded like she was in a hurry to get somewhere. I quickly realized that she was 21 and couldn’t speak any English.
She showed me a map app on her phone, but I had no ideas 22 to read it. So, I quickly got a translation app online and we used the app to communicate. She spoke into the microphone in her language and it translated her words into English for me to understand. I put in some words 23 my reply to her and we were able to communicate!
I soon knew that she needed to get home, which was a long walk away. She didn’t want to use any public transportation but I offered to walk her to a bus stop where she could call her daughter for a 24 . Then her daughter could drive her home. As we walked, we laughed and joked, 25 we couldn’t understand each other’s language. It was a pretty fun experience!
Along the way, the elderly lady kept 26 me for my time. I had to keep reminding her that it was no trouble at all and saying that it was my pleasure to help her. Finally, we reached the bus stop and she made her call. We said our goodbyes and she gave me a heart-warming message that made me happy the whole day. Even today, I 27 hold that warm feeling in my heart.
Nowadays, as technology has progressed and changed our world day by day, there’s always 28 that never changes. If you help a stranger find his or her way, maybe you will also get help from another stranger sometime in the future when you get lost in a strange city. We might lose our way but there is always a way to help.
名校新优子题必刷 4
短文综合填空
（2023·福建泉州·统考三模）Mark Twain once said that everyone talks about the weather, but no one ever does anything about it. This was 29 /tru / in his day but it may not be the case in today’s world. In fact, humans have 30 (find) many different ways to control the weather.
Cloud seeding (云催化) is a kind of technology that can control rain. It can change the amount of water inside the cloud, which helps control the amount of rain, the time when it rains and even where it rains.
This technology has played a key 31 /r ul/ during important events. For example, China used cloud seeding in Beijing just before the Olympic Games in order to stop rain 32 falling during the event.
However, scientists are still discussing 33 to use this technology properly. On one hand, it is believed that it might have side effects. For example, things it uses may be 34 (harm) to the environment. On the other hand, no two clouds are 35 same, so every new experiment introduces new 36 (change). Besides controlling rain, scientists have also tried to find ways to weaken storms and hurricanes (飓风). US scientists think it might be possible to control hurricanes by 37 (use) lasers (激光). Others believe that burning petroleum (石油) in a hurricane’s path could 38 /sl u/ the storms down.
名校新优子题必刷 5
短文选词填空
（2023·江苏盐城·校考二模）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每词或短语限用一次。
hometown study he treat help health silence west according to serve as
Wu Ming, a 27-year-old German, is a big fan of Chinese culture, like the Shaolin kung fu. He has been learning TCM — traditional Chinese medicine since 2016. Now he 39 at Henan University of Chinese Medicine.
As he thought some illnesses can’t 40 well with modern medicine, he decided to study TCM. Wu came to Henan Province in 2015, where the TCM culture can be enjoyed because Henan Province is the 41 of Zhang Zhongjing. After learning the Chinese language for one year, he started to learn Chinese medicine. “TCM is one of the best parts in Chinese culture,” said Wu. He hopes to solve problems and understand Chinese culture by learning TCM.
Studying TCM also changed Wu’s mind and lifestyle. He used to spend much time playing computer games and stay up late every night, lost himself in this fast-paced but 42 lifestyle. But now he lives a healthy and peaceful life, practicing good habits like drinking tea and sitting 43 , as well as reading ancient books, 44 the Yin-Yang theory (理论) in TCM.
Wu also makes use of what he has learned 45 his family. Acupuncture (针灸) tools and Chinese medicine were welcomed when he went back to 46 home in Germany. With acupuncture and Chinese-style massages, many physical health problems of his families have been solved. Now, he always provides his family with some advice about staying healthy after he checks their tongues (舌头) online. Over time, his family began to understand his passion about TCM.
In Wu’s opinion, there’s no big difference between China and 47 countries. He plans to run a traditional Chinese clinic (诊所) in China or Germany after university, which could 48 a bridge between the two countries and make TCM and its culture known by more people.
参考答案：
1．(l)eading 2．(d)ecided 3．(t)hen 4．(p)olluted 5．(f)irst 6．(d)iscussions 7．(H)owever 8．(f)ishermen 9．(s)uch 10．(f)urther
【导语】本文主要介绍了日本政府准备在2023年春季开始向海洋排放核废水，但遭到了环保组织、当地渔民和中国政府的谴责。
1．句意：2011年，海啸袭击了日本福岛第一核电站，造成了巨大的核破坏。根据“to big nuclear damage”可知是造成了很大的损害，lead to“造成，导致”，句中已有谓语动词hit，此处用非谓语，和主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词。故填(l)eading。
2．句意：为了阻止进一步的问题，日本决定用水冷却受损的反应堆。根据“to use water to cool the damaged reactors”可知是决定使用水冷却受损的反应堆，decide“决定”，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填(d)ecided。
3．句意：从那时起，已经使用了130多万吨水，足以填满500个奥运会规模的游泳池。根据“enough to fill 500 Olympic-sized swimming pools have been used since”可知是自从那时起，since then“从那时起”。故填(t)hen。
4．句意：这些水被放射性物质污染，并被储存在储罐中。根据“by radioactive (放射性的) materials”可知水被放射性物质污染，pollute“污染”，此处用过去分词和be动词构成被动语态。故填(p)olluted。
5．句意：据日本媒体朝日电视台报道，3月17日，部分废水排放设备首次开始运行。根据“release the wastewater started operation for the...time”可知是第一次开始运行，for the first time“第一次”。故填(f)irst。
6．句意：这一决定引起了许多热议。根据“This decision has caused a number of hot...”以及下文可知，这个决定引起了很多议论，discussion“议论”，此处用名词复数。故填(d)iscussions。
7．句意：然而，并不是所有人都同意这一决定。此处和前文是转折关系，用however。故填(H)owever。
8．句意：日本环保组织和渔民担心那里的海洋生活和渔业。根据“worry about the sea life and the fishing industry there”可知渔民担心海洋生活以及渔业，fisherman“渔民”，此处用名词复数。故填(f)ishermen。
9．句意：一些邻国，如韩国，担心本国渔业和环境可能带来的问题。根据“Some neighbouring countries, ...as South Korea”可知是举例说明一些邻国，such as“例如”。故填(s)uch。
10．句意：但日方无法回答这些问题，也无法进一步讨论此事。根据“answer these questions or talk...about the matter”可知是无法进一步讨论此事，用比较级further“进一步”。故填(f)urther。
11．soft 12．its 13．has become
14．coins 15．proudly 16．those 17．needed 18．knee 19．send 20．faster
【导语】本文主要介绍了巴黎2024吉祥物。
11．句意：柔软的红色帽子也被称为自由帽。空格后是名词，此处用形容词soft“软的”。故填soft。
12．句意：它就是这样得名的。修饰名词name用形容词性物主代词its“它的”。故填its。
13．句意：如今，它已成为法国人的共同象征。成为：become；根据“Today”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时“have/has done”，主语是it，助动词用has。故填has become。
14．句意：它出现在绘画、大型活动中，甚至出现在硬币和邮票等日常用品上。硬币：coin，根据“stamps”可知此处名词用复数。故填coins。
15．句意：组织者自豪地说，他们不想选择动物，也不想选择与其他动物不同的动物。修饰动词said用副词proudly“自豪地”。故填proudly。
16．句意：组织者自豪地说，他们不想选择动物，也不想选择与其他动物不同的动物。那些：those。故填those。
17．句意：相反，他们确实需要一些能够代表“理想”的东西。需要：need；根据“that could stand for...”可知句子用一般过去时。故填needed。
18．句意：残奥会的惠更号有一条一直到膝盖的假腿。根据“a prosthetic (假体的) leg that goes to the...”可知此处用名词单数knee“膝盖”。故填knee。
19．句意：2008年北京残奥会金牌得主迈克尔表示，假肢可以向世界各地的残疾人传递一个鼓舞人心的信息。发送：send，情态动词后加动词原形。故填send。
20．句意：这两个吉祥物有一句共同的座右铭：“单独我们走得更快，但我们一起走得更远。”修饰动词go用副词fast，根据“but together we go further”可知此处用比较级。故填faster。
21．lost 22．how 23．with 24．help 25．though 26．thanking 27．still 28．something
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者遇到一位迷路的老妇人，两人语言不通，但通过手机上的翻译软件，作者帮助老妇人回家的故事。
21．句意：我很快意识到她迷路了且她不会说英语。根据上下文“It sounded like she was in a hurry to get somewhere；She showed me a map app on her phone”可知，这位老人想去某个地方，但她看不懂手机里的地图，因此是迷路了。故填lost。
22．句意：她给我看了一个手机上的地图应用程序，但我不知道如何读懂它。根据“ but I had no ideas...to read it. So, I quickly got a translation app”可知，作者因为看不懂地图程序，所以才下载翻译程序。因此“不知道怎样读”符合语境。故填how。
23．句意：我输入了一些带有回复性的文字，我们就能沟通了！根据“ She spoke into... understand. I put in some words...my reply to her”可知，作者此时正在利用翻译程序回复这个老人，with表示“有……”，介词，“with my reply”作定语修饰“words”，即words with my reply表示“具有我回复的文字”。故填with。
24．句意：她不想乘坐任何公共交通工具，但我主动提出送她到一个公共汽车站，在那里她可以打电话给她的女儿寻求帮助。根据下文“Then her daughter could drive her home”可知，老妇人想让女儿开车来接她，因此是求助。故填help。
25．句意：我们一边走，一边笑着开玩笑，尽管我们听不懂对方的语言。根据“As we walked, we laughed and joked...we couldn’t understand each other’s language.”可知，尽管两人语言不通，但还是有说有笑，是让步关系，且though一般位于句末或句中。故填though。
26．句意：一路上，老妇人不停地感谢我抽出时间（陪她）。根据下文“it was no trouble at all and saying that it was my pleasure”可知，作者不觉得麻烦，且感到荣幸。由此推测上文，老妇人在向作者不断地表示感谢。keep doing sth. 表示“不断做某事”。故填thanking。
27．句意：即使在今天，我仍然把那种温暖的感觉放在心里。根据“Even today, I...hold that warm feeling in my heart.”可知，到了今天，作者依旧把这份温暖埋在心里。因此still符合语境。故填still。
28．句意：如今，随着技术的进步，一天一天地改变着我们的世界，总有一些东西永远不会改变。根据“If you help a stranger... in a strange city ”可知，互相帮助的情况是不会改变的，因此“互相帮助”是不会改变的东西，因此不定代词something符合语境。故填something。
29．true 30．found 31．role 32．from 33．how 34．harmful 35．the 36．changes 37．using 38．slow
【导语】本文主要介绍了人类已经找到许多不同的方法来控制天气。
29．句意：这在他那个时代是真的，但在今天的世界可能不是这样。根据音标可知，此处是单词true“真的”。故填true。
30．句意：事实上，人类已经发现了许多不同的方法来控制天气。find“发现”，此处用过去分词和助动词have构成现在完成时。故填found。
31．句意：这项技术在重大事件中发挥了关键作用。根据音标可知，此处是单词role“角色”。故填role。
32．句意：中国在奥运会前夕在北京使用了人工降雨，以防止奥运会期间降雨。stop sb./sth. from doing sth.“阻止……做某事”。故填from。
33．句意：然而，科学家们仍在讨论如何正确地使用这项技术。根据“to use this technology”可知是如何使用这项技术，how“如何”。故填how。
34．句意：例如，它使用的东西可能对环境有害。作be动词的表语用形容词harmful“有害的”。故填harmful。
35．句意：另一方面，没有两片云是相同的，所以每一次新的实验都会带来新的变化。the same“同样的”。故填the。
36．句意：另一方面，没有两片云是相同的，所以每一次新的实验都会带来新的变化。此处用名词复数changes表示泛指。故填changes。
37．句意：美国科学家认为有可能通过使用激光来控制飓风。介词by后加动名词using“使用”。故填using。
38．句意：其他人则认为在飓风经过的路径上燃烧石油可以减缓风暴的速度。根据音标可知，此处是单词slow“减慢”。故填slow。
39．studies/is studying 40．be treated 41．hometown 42．unhealthy 43．silently 44．according to 45．to help 46．his 47．Western 48．serve as
【导语】本文主要讲述了德国人无名在中国学习中医并打算学成之后开设中医馆的故事。
39．句意：现在就读于河南中医药大学。根据“at Henan University of Chinese Medicine”可知在河南中医药大学学习，study“学习”，结合“Now”可知可以表达现在的状态，或现阶段正在进行的动作，用一般现在时或现在进行时。studies/is studying。
40．句意：由于他认为有些疾病不能用现代医学很好地治疗，他决定学可知习中医。根据“some illnesses can’t ... well with modern medicine”可知用现在医学治不好，treat“治疗”，与主语之间是动宾关系，此处用含情态动词的被动语态。故填be treated。
41．句意：无名于2015年来到河南省，因为河南省是张仲景的家乡，所以可以享受到中医文化。根据“because Henan Province is the ... of Zhang Zhongjing”结合常识可知张仲景的家乡在河南，hometown“家乡”。故填hometown。
42．句意：他过去经常花很多时间玩电脑游戏，每晚都熬夜，在这种快节奏但不健康的生活方式中迷失了自己。根据“He used to spend much time playing computer games and stay up late every night”可知花费大量时间玩电脑游戏且熬夜到很晚，是不健康的生活方式，用health的形容词形式unhealthy表示“不健康的”。故填unhealthy。
43．句意：但根据中医的阴阳学说，他现在过着健康平和的生活，养成了喝茶、静坐、阅读古书等好习惯。根据“But now he lives a healthy and peaceful life, practicing good habits like drinking tea and sitting ..., as well as reading ancient books”可知现在的生活方式很平和，由此推出是静坐，用silence的副词形式sliently表示“默默地，静静地”，副词修饰动词。故填silently。
44．句意：但根据中医的阴阳学说，他现在过着健康平和的生活，养成了喝茶、静坐、阅读古书等好习惯。根据“the Yin-Yang theory in TCM”可知此处是根据中医的阴阳学硕来调整自己的生活方式，according to“根据”。故填according to。
45．句意：无名还利用他所学到的知识来帮助他的家人。根据“Wu also makes use of what he has learned ... his family.”可知用所学的中医知识来帮助家人，help“帮助”，此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to help。
46．句意：当他回到德国的家中时，针灸工具和中医受到了欢迎。根据“home in Germany”可知在德国的额是他的家，用he的形容词性物主代词his表示“他的”。故填his。
47．句意：在无名看来，中国和西方国家没有太大的区别。根据“between China and ... countries”结合备选词可知是中国和西方国家，此处用west的形容词形式Western表示“西方的”，形容词作定语。故填Western。
48．句意：他计划毕业后在中国或德国开一家中医诊所，这可以作为两国之间的桥梁，让更多人了解中医及其文化。根据“which could ... a bridge between the two countries”可知是可以作为两国之间的桥梁，serve as“充当，起到……作用”，could后接动词原形。故填serve as。
