【中考真题】2023年北京市初中英语学业水平考试（含解析）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
全国中考真题：2023年北京市初中英语学业水平考试（含解析）
时间：90分钟满分：60分 (
T
)
第一部分
本部分共33题，共40分。在每题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。
一、单项填空（每题0.5分，共6分）
从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
( )1. My sister enjoys singing and favorite subject is music.
A. his B. her C. your D. their
( )2. It's a good idea to visit Beijing October.
A. at B. on C. in D. to
( )3. -Must I stay here and wait for you
-No, you . You can go home now.
A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
( )4. -Which do you like , swimming or skating
-Swimming.
A. well B. better C. best D. the best
( )5. - do you tidy your own room
- Twice a week.
A. How often B. How soon C. How much D. How long
( )6. It was difficult to climb the mountain, Sam got to the top at last.
A. or B. so C. for D. but
( )7. -Lucy, what are you doing
-I a model ship.
A. make B. made C. am making D. was making
( )8. The Shenzhou-15 astronauts to Earth safely on June 4, 2023.
A. return B. returned C. will return D. have returned
( )9. If you go to the concert with us tomorrow, you a great time there.
A. have B. had C. will have D. have had
( )10. Eric many things since he became interested in science.
A. is learning B. was learning C. will learn D. has learned
( )11. The park is getting more and more beautiful because more kinds of flowers every year.
A. are planted B. were planted C. plant D. planted
( )12. -Lily, can you tell me during the Dragon Boat Festival this year
-Sure. We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race.
A. what you will do B. what you did
C. what will you do D. what did you do
二、完形填空（每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
Be What's Missing
Where was that cashier( 收银员 ） Impatient, I quickly looked at my watch. I hardly had enough time to eat a sandwich and rush back to work.
I looked around the nearly empty 13 , but the cashier was nowhere in sight. A woman stood wiping( 擦 ）the far end of the counter. She looked at me coldly with sad, dark eyes.
I 14 , getting angry. I'd been standing there for at least three minutes !
Controlling my anger, I remembered Mom's words. " Whenever you find yourself in an unpleasant situation, just think about what is missing. If someone is unkind, then kindness is missing. If someone is hateful, then 15 is missing. If we will be what's missing, then we'll provide whatever the situation needs."
And here I was in an unpleasant situation. How should I " be what's missing" What was missing was 16 . Maybe I should just jump behind the counter and take my own order.
Just then the woman walked slowly towards me. " May I help you " she asked, still 17 . She looked so tired. No doubt, she was overworked.
I took a deep breath. With Mom's words ringing in my head, I gave the woman my order ... and smiled. "How are you today "
My question seemed to 18 her. She eyed me for a second before answering. " Not too good. "
"I'm sorry," I said. "I hope it gets better-starting right now."
She almost smiled as she looked at me. "Thanks. I hope you're right. "
I thought to myself as I ate my sandwich. We're all the same, really. We have problems and angers, we get tired and we hurt. We need to be 19 to each other.
After eating, I wiped the table cleaner than usual, and put the tray(back nicely on the stand. The托益）woman was watching me, a big smile on her face.
"Be what's missing. " It 20 .
( ) 13. A. restaurant B. street C. school D. office
( ) 14. A. agreed B. finished C. waited D. left
( ) 15. A. trust B. love C. patience D. confidence
( ) 16. A. hope B. advice C. money D. service
( ) 17. A. nervously B. carefully C. coldly D. kindly
( ) 18. A. disappoint B. hurt C. trouble D. surprise
( ) 19. A. nicer B. closer C. cooler D. fairer
( ) 20. A. said B. worked C. read D. ended
三、阅读理解（每题2分，共26分）
（一）阅读下列课程介绍，请根据人物喜好和需求匹配最适合的课程，并将课程所对应的A、B、C、D选项填在相应位置上。选项中有一项为多余选项。
A
(
A
B
C
D
)Short Art Courses
Wild Art This course is about drawing and painting. You'll use your now skills to make a wall poster of animals. And we've got lots of picture books to give you ideas. Art Matters This course teaches you different drawing skills. We'll get you to draw the latest styles of clothes. If you like designing clothes and want to study it at college, join us!
Creative Art This course is about making bags to keep your sports clothes in. We provide lots of materials. And you'll visit art museums to get some creative ideas. Art Magic This course is about telling good stories in pictures. There'll be cartoon films to watch, and instruction in how to draw your favorite characters. I'm interested in designing clothes and want to study it at college.
(
I'm interested in designing clothes and want to study it at college.
) (
21.
＿＿＿＿＿
22.
＿＿＿＿＿
23.
＿＿＿＿＿
)
(
I enjoy making wall posters of animals and I'd like to read picture books.
)
(
I like making bags and want to visit art museums to get creative ideas.
)
（二）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
(
seashells
)B
Betty was excited to show her brother David the basket filled with seashells. But David was busy helping Dad get everything back into the car. "What are you going to do with those useless things " he said. "You can't take them home. "
" But I want these seashells, " Betty said unhappily. " Each one is a different shape and size. They are all special. "
Suddenly, David saw the water rising along the beach. He shouted to Betty, "The waves (海浪）are about to take your toys!" As Betty ran to get her things, she called to David, "Please put my seashells into the car!"
David was putting one of the beach chairs into the car when his foot accidentally knocked over the basket. As David lifted a heavy box, he slipped（滑倒）and dropped the box right on top of the seashells, breaking most of them into pieces.
Betty came back with her toys. When she saw her seashells broken, she began to cry. David started to pick up the seashells and place them carefully back into the basket.
Dad tried to explain to Betty that it was an accident. But Betty was still upset. David also felt sad. He thought about what he could do to make it up to his sister. When he got home, he had a perfect idea.
The next morning David waited for Betty with the basket of seashells and some strong glue. He also had a framed(装框的）photo of the two of them. Together they looked through the basket and found several seashells that were not broken and could still be used. Then they glued the seashells to the frame.
"I'm really sorry, Betty. " David said. "Yesterday I was very careless with something special to you."
Betty looked at her brother and smiled. "You're the best big brother ever!"
( )24. What did Betty think of the seashells
A. Clean. B. Useless.
C. Expensive. D. Special.
( )25. Betty began to cry when .
A. she slipped and hurt herself
B. she knocked over the basket
C. she saw the broken seashells
D. she told her dad about the accident
( )26. David glued the seashells to the frame to .
A. make it up to his sister
B. develop his painting skill
C. prepare a gift for his dad
D. make the picture beautiful
C
Do you know that over 1/3 of all food produced in the world goes to waste According to the United Nations (UN), every year around the world, about one billion( 十亿 ) tons of food is wasted. At the same time, there are nearly one billion people who go hungry. Simply 1/4 of the food wasted is enough to keep them out of hunger. In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide ( CO ) , which speeds up climate（气候）change. What can we do to solve this food waste problem
One effective solution is balancing food production with demand（需求）.In hotels and other similar places, special instruments should be used so that cooking specialists just prepare and cook food as it is ordered.
Another effective solution is starting programs to reduce( 减少 ) food waste. Stores and buyers can try their best to be creative in food waste reduction. For example, stores can provide customers with instructions telling them how to make full use of food. Buyers can try not fixing their eyes only on food of the best quality( 质量 ）.
Sometimes, the food of non-top quality is also good enough to eat, or can be bought and then used to make delicious dishes.
One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted. Challenging as it is, the use of meal plans in preparing food can play an important role in ending food waste in the family.
Food recycling is one of the known solutions. Efforts are now already in progress. Food that is not safe for humans to eat is recycled into other products such as animal feeds and clothing. Yet, there is still a long way to go and much for improvement in this area.
In a word, food waste has been one of the biggest problems in the world that have influenced us greatly. Many solutions have been found and many more are yet to be worked out. If each of us can put in more efforts, food waste is sure to be reduced for the good of our future.
( )27. According to the passage, what is a possible result of food waste
A. The problem of worldwide hunger.
B. A big increase in food production.
C. The speed-up of climate change.
D. A sudden drop in population.
( )28. What can we learn from the passage
A. Food recycling has been hugely successful.
B. Buyers should give up non-top quality food.
C. Stores should train people to make delicious dishes.
D. Meal plans in the family are hard to put into practice.
( )29. What is the passage mainly about
A. Benefits of reducing food waste.
B. Solutions to the food waste problem.
C. The importance of fighting food waste.
D. The attitude to the food waste problem.
D
When considering the kind of experience that makes life better, most people first think that happiness depends on experiencing pleasure : good food, good jobs, all the comforts that money can buy. If we couldn't have these, we might as well sit in front of the television on a quiet evening.
Pleasure is an important part of the quality of life, but by itself it doesn't bring happiness. When people think further about what makes a worthy life, they tend( 倾向于 ）to move beyond pleasant memories and begin to remember other events, other experiences that overlap（有重叠） pleasurable ones but fall into a group with a separate name ; enjoyment. Enjoyable events take place when people have not only satisfied a need or met some earlier expectation, but also achieved something unexpected.
Enjoyment is characterized by a sense of curiosity, of achievement. Playing a tennis game that improves one's ability is enjoyable, as is reading a book that shows things in a new light, as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn't know we had. None of these experiences may be especially pleasurable when they are taking place, but when we think back on them afterwards, we would say, "That really was fun" and wish they would happen again. After an enjoyable event we know that we have changed, and grown.
Experiences that give pleasure can also give enjoyment, but the two feelings are quite different. For example, everybody takes pleasure in eating. However, to enjoy food is more difficult-you have to pay enough attention to a meal, so as to sense and tell its various tastes. As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure without any psychic energy, while enjoyment happens only as a result of full attention. A person can feel pleasure without any effort, as long as certain parts in his brain are stimulated（刺激）.But it's impossible to enjoy a tennis game or a book without full attention. It's for this reason that pleasure does not last long, nor does it make us grow. Growth requires full attention to goals that are new, that are relatively challenging.
Without enjoyment, life will go on, and it can even be pleasant. But it depends heavily on luck and the external（外部的）environment. To achieve personal control over the quality of experience, however, we need to learn how to build enjoyment into what happens day in, day out.
( )30. You will most probably experience enjoyment when you
A. buy expensive shoes
B. order a delicious meal
C. talk with friends for new ideas
D. sit quietly in front of a television
( )31. What do you know about pleasure and enjoyment from the passage
A. Enjoyment grows out of pleasure.
B. Pleasure and enjoyment come hand in hand.
C. Pleasurable experiences are part of enjoyable ones.
D. Some experiences provide both pleasure and enjoyment.
( )32.(新考法短语猜测)The words " psychic energy" in Paragraph 4 are closest in meaning to .
A. attention B. interest C. ability D. knowledge
( )33. (新考法推断事实或观点)The writer probably agrees that
A. feeling pleasure stops people from achieving growth
B. feeling enjoyment comes with achieving growth
C. a worthy life depends on luck and environment
D. pleasure is the key to a happy and worthy life
第二部分
本部分共5题，共20分。根据题目要求，完成相应任务。
四、阅读表达（第34-36题每题2分，第37题4分，共10分）
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
My 100 Days Without a Mobile Phone
When was the last time you left home without your mobile phone Can you imagine yourself living a month, or even a year without checking your mobile phone from time to time
As a busy modern person with lots of social connections, plans and responsibilities, I just cannot afford to not be in touch with the rest of the world. Staying connected to other people is a big part of my life. However, sometimes it can be bothersome（恼人的）.
One day I discovered I was terribly tired out. I tried turning notifications（通知）off. But the fear of missing out something important made me check the phone more often than before. So, I simply stopped using my phone.
Well, to tell the truth, it was not simple at all. For the first couple of days, I had a big fear that all of my friends would soon forget about me. When I had a free moment, I had no idea what to get myself distracted（分心的）with, and the worries mixed with boredom kept bothering me.
However, after three weeks without a mobile phone, I started noticing changes-changes which I liked, and which drove me to not just continue the experiment, but in fact to reorganize some of my habits.
First of all, I noticed that I became much more focused（专注的). Before, while doing something, I would often find myself wondering what was going on online. After a month of staying away from my mobile phone, I found that the urge ( 冲动 ) was already not that strong and that my ability to focus improved.
I discovered that the world is a beautiful place. Before, I would look at it through my camera mostly: take a photo, post it, get some likes. Now, I saw beautiful people walking around and I sensed the seasons change. I could understand the actual beauty of the world, and I did not need anyone else to prove the value of this beauty through likes or shares.
Now, as 100 days have passed, I can say that the experiment was worth it. I am planning to stay away from my phone for as long as possible.
34. What made the writer check the phone more often than before
35. When did the writer start noticing his changes
36. What does the writer plan to do with his phone after the experiment
37. (新考法半开放性设问)Would you like to follow the writer's example Why or why not ( Please give two reasons. )
五、文段表达（10分）
38.从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据所给提示，完成一篇不少于50词的英语文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
题目①
假设你是李华。你们班想在毕业之前为学校做一件有意义的事，如种植纪念树、去校图书馆整理图书等。你打算邀请交换生Peter参加这次活动。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，告诉他活动内容、意义及安排。
提示词语：invite, plant, meaningful, beautiful, library
提示问题：
What activity do you plan to do
Why do you want to organize this activity
When and where will you have this activity
Dear Peter, How is everything going Hope to hear from you soon. Yours , Li Hua
题目②
同学们参加过各种各样的社团，如篮球队、合唱团等。
假设你是李华。请你用英语写一篇短文给学校英文网站投稿，介绍一个你参加过的社团，谈谈这个社团的活动内容以及你的收获。
提示词语：take part in, practice, skill, benefit, progress
提示问题：·
What club did you join
What did you do in the club
What have you learned from the experience
快速对答案
一、单项填空（共12小题；每题0.5分，共6分）
1-5 BCABA 6-10 DCBCD 11-12 AB
二、完形填空（共8小题；每题1分，共8分）
13-17 ACBDC 18-20 DAB
三、阅读理解（共13小题；每题2分，共26分）21-25 BACDC 26-30 ACDBC 31-33 DAB
四、阅读表达（共4小题；第34-36题每题2分，第37题4分，共10分）
34. The fear of missing out something important.
35. After three weeks.
36. Stay away from the phone for as long as possible.
37. Yes, Id like to. Because I also want to be more focused, and I would like to see the beautiful world through my eyes.
No. Because I can use the phone to know more news about the world. And I can play games in my free time. /...
五、文段表达（10分）
请看“详解详析”
详解详析
一、1.B【解析】考查代词用法。句意：我的姐姐喜欢唱歌， 最喜欢的科目是音乐。his他的；her她的；your你的，你们的；their他/她/它们的。根据空前“My sister enjoys singing”可知，此处指的是她最喜欢的科目是音乐。故选B。
2.C【解析】考查介词用法。句意： 十月参观北京是个好主意。at后加时间点；on后加具体某一天或某一天的早、中、晚；in后加年份、月份、季节等；to到。空后“October”为月份，要用in。故选C。
3. A 【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：“我必须待在这里等你吗？”“不，你 。你可以现在回家。”needn't不需要；can't不能；mustn't禁止；shouldn't不应该。根据上文“Must I stay here and wait for you？”中用must提问，否定回答应用needn't。故选A。
4. B 【解析】考查副词比较等级辨析。句意：“你 喜欢哪一个，游泳还是滑冰？”“游泳。”根据空后"swimming or skating”可知为两者比较，要用比较级。故选B。
5.A【解析】考查How词组辨析。句意：“你 整理你自己的房间？”“一周两次。"How often多久一次；How soon 多久；How much多少钱；How long多长，多长时间。根据答语“Twice a week."可知此处提问频率。故选A。
6.D【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：爬山很困难， Sam最终到达了山顶。or或者，否则；so因此；for因为；but但是。根据空前后“It was difficult to climb the mountain”和“Sam got to the top at last”可知前后分句为转折关系，意思是虽然爬山很困难，但是Sam最终到达了山顶。故选D。
7.C【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：“Lucy；你在干什么？”“我 一个船模型。”根据上文“Lucy， what are you doing？”可知时态为现在进行时，答语也应用现在进行时。故选C。
8. B 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：神舟十五号航天员在2023年6月4日安全 地球。根据空后“on June 4，2023”为过去的时间，应用一般过去时。故选B。
9.C【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：如果你明天和我们一起去音乐会，你 在那里玩得很开心。根据前文“If you go to the concert with us tomorrow " 可知此处If引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，因此主句应用一般将来时。故选C。
10.D【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：自从Eric对科学感兴趣以来，他 很多东西。根据空后“since he became interested in science”可知，时态为现在完成时。故选D。
11.A 【解析】考查动词的语态。句意：这个公园变得越来越漂亮了，因为每年更多种类的花 。根据空后“every year”可知时态为一般现在时，排除B和D选项；且由空前“more kinds of flowers”可知，主语与谓语存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，意为被种植。故选A。
12. B【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：“Lily，你能告诉我在今年的端午节期间 ？”“当然，我们吃了粽子还看了一场龙舟赛。”分析句子结构可知空处为宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除C和D选项；根据后文“We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race.”可知时态为一般过去时。故选B。
二、【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者去快餐店吃饭时，因为迟迟没有人点单而生气，但是想到了妈妈的话他决定对别人友善一些。他认为我们每个人都是一样的，有烦恼会生气，会累也会受伤，因此我们需要更耐心地对待他人。
13.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我环顾了几乎空荡的 ，但收银员不在视线内。restaurant餐厅；street街道；school学校；office办公室。根据上文“I hardlly had enough time to eat a sandwich and rush back to work.”并结合空后"but the cashier was nowhere in sight”可推断出应是环顾餐厅。故选A。
14.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意；我在 中变得生气。agreed同意；finished完成；waited 等待；left留下。根据后文“Td been standing there for at least three minutes！”可知，此处指的是我在等待中变得生气。故选C。
15. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果一个人是讨厌的，那么 失去了。trust相信；love爱；patience耐心；confidence自信心。根据前文“If some-one is unkind, then kindness is missing”可知I unkind和kindness为对应关系，结合空前“If someone is hateful”与 hateful对应的词为love。故选B。
16. D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：失去的是 。hope希望；advice建议；money钱；service服务。根据空后“Maybe I should just jump behind the counter and take my own order.”可推知，此处指的是服务。故选D。
17.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我可以帮你吗？”她仍然 问。nervously紧张地；carefully仔细地；coldly冷漠地；kindly友善地。根据第二段最后一句“She looked at me coldly with sad, dark eyes. "可知，此处是coldly的同词复现，意思是她仍然冷漠地问。故选C。
18.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的问题似乎 她。 disappoint使失望；hurt使受伤；trouble使烦恼；surprise使惊讶。根据后文“She eyed me for a second before answering.”可推知，此处指的是我的问题似乎使她惊讶。故选D。
19.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们需要对彼此 。 nice更友善的；closer更近的；cooler更冷漠的；fairer更公正的。根据前文“We're all the same ,n really. We have problems and angers, we get tired and we hurt.”可推知，此处指的是我们需要对彼此更友善。故选A。
20.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它 . said说；worked工作，奏效；read阅读；ended结束。根据倒数第二段第二句" The woman was watching me, a big smile on her face.”可推知作者以善良应对冷漠，最终奏效了。故选B。
三、 A
【主旨大意】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个短期美术课程，并为三个孩子匹配适合他们的课程。
21.B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：我对设计衣服感兴趣并且想在大学学习它。根据B方框中最后一句"If you like designing clothes and want to study it at college， join us！”可知，B课程符合题意。故选B。
22. A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：我喜欢制作动物海报并且我喜欢读图画书。根据A方框中第二、三句“You'll use your new skills to make a wall poster of animals. And we've got lots of picture books to give you ideas.”可知，A课程符合题意。故选A。
23.C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：我喜欢制作包，并且想参观美术博物馆来获得有创意的想法。根据C方框中第一句" This course is about making bags to keep your sports clothes in. "|以及第三句“Arid you'll visit art museums to get some creative ideas. "丁知，C课程符合题意。故选C。
B
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了 Betty一家去海边玩，回家的时候Betty捡了一筐贝壳但是被她的哥哥David不小心弄碎了，Betty很沮丧，第二天David为了表示自己的歉意，主动提出把几个完好无损的贝壳粘在装有他们两个相片的相框边。Betty原谅了David，认为David永远是最棒的哥哥。
24.D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Betty认为这些贝壳怎么样？根据第二段第二、三句“Each one is a different shape and size. They are all special. "可知，D选项符合题意。故选D。
25.C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为；当 时，Betty 开始哭了。根据第五段第二句“When she saw her seashells broken， she began to cry，”可知，C选项符合题意。故选C。
26. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：David把贝壳粘在相框上是为了 。根据第六段第四、五句“He thought about what he could do to make it up to his sister. When he got home, he had a perfect idea.”可知，A选项符合题意。故选A。
C
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了食物浪费的现状以及四个解决食物浪费问题的方法，并得出结论：如果我们每个人都做出努力，食物浪费问题一定会有所改善。
27.C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，下列哪一项可能是食物浪费的结果？根据第一段第五句J" In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide ( CO,), which speeds up climate (气候）change.”可知，C选项符合题意。故选C。
28. D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从文章中我们可以学到什么？根据第四段第一句“One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted.”可推知，D选项符合题意。故选D。
29.B【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章主要关于什么？根据第二、三、四、五段可知，主要介绍了四种解决食物浪费问题的方法。故选B。
D
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了快乐和享受的联系和对比。
30.C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：当你 时，你最有可能体验到享受。根据第三段第二句中的“as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn't know we had”可推断出C选项符合题意。故选C。
31.D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：你能从这篇文章中知道关于快乐和享受的什么？根据第四段第一句" Experiences that give pleasure can also give enjoyment, but the two feelings are quite different.”可知，D选项符合题意。故选D。
32. A【解析】短语猜测题。题干意为：与第四段中的"psychic energy”有最相近的含义的单词是根据第四段第四句" As this example suggests', we can experience pleasure without any psychic energy, while enjoyment happens only as a result of full attention. "可知，A选项符合题意。故选A。
解题技巧：短语猜测题考查的词汇（组）均为生难词汇（组）或俗语谚语，学生需重点掌握以下四种方法。
方法1：根据上下文语境猜测词义，学生需熟读生单词前后的语句，分析已知信息与生词之间的关系，从而得出答案；
方法2：通过“逻辑关系”猜测词义，常见的3种逻辑关系有反义关系，同义关系和因果关系；
方法3：通过定义或释义关系猜测词义，学生需重点关注一些词语（be， mean， namely等）、同位语（从句）、定语从句和标点符号（如破折号和冒号）；
方法4：通过举例猜测词义，学生可以根据such as， for example， like等词的前后内容得出答案。
33.B【解析】推断事实或观点题。题干意为：作者很有可能同意 。根据第三段第一句“Enjoyment is characterized by a sense of curiosity, of achievement.”可知感到快乐与得到成长是相辅相成的。故选B。
四、【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者100天不使用手机的经历，一开始不使用手机会让人很焦虑，但是三周后发生了很多可喜的变化，作者注意力更集中，可以更好地发现这个世界的美。
34. The fear of missing out something important.
【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：是什么让作者比之前更频繁地查看手机？根据第三段第三句“But the fear of missing out something important made me check the phone more often than before. ”可知，害怕错过重要的消息让作者查看手机更频繁了。
35. After three weeks. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：作者什么时候开始注意到自己的改变？根据第五段第一句中的可知"However, after three weeks without a mobile phone, I started noticing changes-changes which I liked"可知，三周后作者开始注意到自己的改变。
36. Stay away from the phone for as long as possible. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：作者计划在实验后对他的手机做什么？根据最后一段最后一句“I am planning to stay away from my phone for as long as possible.”可知作者计划尽可能长时间地远离手机。
37. Yes, I'd like to. Because I also want to be more focused, and I would like to see the beautiful world through my eyes. /No. Because I can use the phone to know more news about the world. And I can play games in my free time. /. .
【解析】半开放性设问题。题干意为：你想效仿作者的例子吗？为什么或为什么不？（请给出两个理由。）答案不唯一，言之有理即可。
五、题目①：【高分范文】
Dear Peter,
How is everything going I'm writing to invite you to join us. As we are going to graduate, our classmates plan to plant a tree together. We all know that trees can stop the wind from blowing the sand, and they can also make our school beautiful. So we decide to plant a tree for our school. Next Sunday, we will meet at the gate of the school and then go to the playground. We will dig a hole, plant the tree and then water it. I believe we all will have a great time.
Hope to hear from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
题目②：【高分范文】
I have been in the basketball club for three years. We used to practice from Monday to Friday, and on the week-end, we played games with other teams. During the three years, my skill of playing basketball improved a lot. And I also made a lot of friends. Playing basketball not only helps me keep fit, but also helps me understand the importance of teamwork. I will keep playing and try to be good at it.
全国中考真题：2023年北京市初中英语学业水平考试（含解析）
时间：90分钟满分：60分 (
T
)
第一部分
本部分共33题，共40分。在每题列出的四个选项中，选出最符合题目要求的一项。
一、单项填空（每题0.5分，共6分）
从下面各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
( )1. My sister enjoys singing and favorite subject is music.
A. his B. her C. your D. their
( )2. It's a good idea to visit Beijing October.
A. at B. on C. in D. to
( )3. -Must I stay here and wait for you
-No, you . You can go home now.
A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
( )4. -Which do you like , swimming or skating
-Swimming.
A. well B. better C. best D. the best
( )5. - do you tidy your own room
- Twice a week.
A. How often B. How soon C. How much D. How long
( )6. It was difficult to climb the mountain, Sam got to the top at last.
A. or B. so C. for D. but
( )7. -Lucy, what are you doing
-I a model ship.
A. make B. made C. am making D. was making
( )8. The Shenzhou-15 astronauts to Earth safely on June 4, 2023.
A. return B. returned C. will return D. have returned
( )9. If you go to the concert with us tomorrow, you a great time there.
A. have B. had C. will have D. have had
( )10. Eric many things since he became interested in science.
A. is learning B. was learning C. will learn D. has learned
( )11. The park is getting more and more beautiful because more kinds of flowers every year.
A. are planted B. were planted C. plant D. planted
( )12. -Lily, can you tell me during the Dragon Boat Festival this year
-Sure. We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race.
A. what you will do B. what you did
C. what will you do D. what did you do
二、完形填空（每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
Be What's Missing
Where was that cashier( 收银员 ） Impatient, I quickly looked at my watch. I hardly had enough time to eat a sandwich and rush back to work.
I looked around the nearly empty 13 , but the cashier was nowhere in sight. A woman stood wiping( 擦 ）the far end of the counter. She looked at me coldly with sad, dark eyes.
I 14 , getting angry. I'd been standing there for at least three minutes !
Controlling my anger, I remembered Mom's words. " Whenever you find yourself in an unpleasant situation, just think about what is missing. If someone is unkind, then kindness is missing. If someone is hateful, then 15 is missing. If we will be what's missing, then we'll provide whatever the situation needs."
And here I was in an unpleasant situation. How should I " be what's missing" What was missing was 16 . Maybe I should just jump behind the counter and take my own order.
Just then the woman walked slowly towards me. " May I help you " she asked, still 17 . She looked so tired. No doubt, she was overworked.
I took a deep breath. With Mom's words ringing in my head, I gave the woman my order ... and smiled. "How are you today "
My question seemed to 18 her. She eyed me for a second before answering. " Not too good. "
"I'm sorry," I said. "I hope it gets better-starting right now."
She almost smiled as she looked at me. "Thanks. I hope you're right. "
I thought to myself as I ate my sandwich. We're all the same, really. We have problems and angers, we get tired and we hurt. We need to be 19 to each other.
After eating, I wiped the table cleaner than usual, and put the tray(back nicely on the stand. The托益）woman was watching me, a big smile on her face.
"Be what's missing. " It 20 .
( ) 13. A. restaurant B. street C. school D. office
( ) 14. A. agreed B. finished C. waited D. left
( ) 15. A. trust B. love C. patience D. confidence
( ) 16. A. hope B. advice C. money D. service
( ) 17. A. nervously B. carefully C. coldly D. kindly
( ) 18. A. disappoint B. hurt C. trouble D. surprise
( ) 19. A. nicer B. closer C. cooler D. fairer
( ) 20. A. said B. worked C. read D. ended
三、阅读理解（每题2分，共26分）
（一）阅读下列课程介绍，请根据人物喜好和需求匹配最适合的课程，并将课程所对应的A、B、C、D选项填在相应位置上。选项中有一项为多余选项。
A
(
A
B
C
D
)Short Art Courses
Wild Art This course is about drawing and painting. You'll use your now skills to make a wall poster of animals. And we've got lots of picture books to give you ideas. Art Matters This course teaches you different drawing skills. We'll get you to draw the latest styles of clothes. If you like designing clothes and want to study it at college, join us!
Creative Art This course is about making bags to keep your sports clothes in. We provide lots of materials. And you'll visit art museums to get some creative ideas. Art Magic This course is about telling good stories in pictures. There'll be cartoon films to watch, and instruction in how to draw your favorite characters. I'm interested in designing clothes and want to study it at college.
(
I'm interested in designing clothes and want to study it at college.
) (
21.
＿＿＿＿＿
22.
＿＿＿＿＿
23.
＿＿＿＿＿
)
(
I enjoy making wall posters of animals and I'd like to read picture books.
)
(
I like making bags and want to visit art museums to get creative ideas.
)
（二）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择最佳选项。
(
seashells
)B
Betty was excited to show her brother David the basket filled with seashells. But David was busy helping Dad get everything back into the car. "What are you going to do with those useless things " he said. "You can't take them home. "
" But I want these seashells, " Betty said unhappily. " Each one is a different shape and size. They are all special. "
Suddenly, David saw the water rising along the beach. He shouted to Betty, "The waves (海浪）are about to take your toys!" As Betty ran to get her things, she called to David, "Please put my seashells into the car!"
David was putting one of the beach chairs into the car when his foot accidentally knocked over the basket. As David lifted a heavy box, he slipped（滑倒）and dropped the box right on top of the seashells, breaking most of them into pieces.
Betty came back with her toys. When she saw her seashells broken, she began to cry. David started to pick up the seashells and place them carefully back into the basket.
Dad tried to explain to Betty that it was an accident. But Betty was still upset. David also felt sad. He thought about what he could do to make it up to his sister. When he got home, he had a perfect idea.
The next morning David waited for Betty with the basket of seashells and some strong glue. He also had a framed(装框的）photo of the two of them. Together they looked through the basket and found several seashells that were not broken and could still be used. Then they glued the seashells to the frame.
"I'm really sorry, Betty. " David said. "Yesterday I was very careless with something special to you."
Betty looked at her brother and smiled. "You're the best big brother ever!"
( )24. What did Betty think of the seashells
A. Clean. B. Useless.
C. Expensive. D. Special.
( )25. Betty began to cry when .
A. she slipped and hurt herself
B. she knocked over the basket
C. she saw the broken seashells
D. she told her dad about the accident
( )26. David glued the seashells to the frame to .
A. make it up to his sister
B. develop his painting skill
C. prepare a gift for his dad
D. make the picture beautiful
C
Do you know that over 1/3 of all food produced in the world goes to waste According to the United Nations (UN), every year around the world, about one billion( 十亿 ) tons of food is wasted. At the same time, there are nearly one billion people who go hungry. Simply 1/4 of the food wasted is enough to keep them out of hunger. In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide ( CO ) , which speeds up climate（气候）change. What can we do to solve this food waste problem
One effective solution is balancing food production with demand（需求）.In hotels and other similar places, special instruments should be used so that cooking specialists just prepare and cook food as it is ordered.
Another effective solution is starting programs to reduce( 减少 ) food waste. Stores and buyers can try their best to be creative in food waste reduction. For example, stores can provide customers with instructions telling them how to make full use of food. Buyers can try not fixing their eyes only on food of the best quality( 质量 ）.
Sometimes, the food of non-top quality is also good enough to eat, or can be bought and then used to make delicious dishes.
One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted. Challenging as it is, the use of meal plans in preparing food can play an important role in ending food waste in the family.
Food recycling is one of the known solutions. Efforts are now already in progress. Food that is not safe for humans to eat is recycled into other products such as animal feeds and clothing. Yet, there is still a long way to go and much for improvement in this area.
In a word, food waste has been one of the biggest problems in the world that have influenced us greatly. Many solutions have been found and many more are yet to be worked out. If each of us can put in more efforts, food waste is sure to be reduced for the good of our future.
( )27. According to the passage, what is a possible result of food waste
A. The problem of worldwide hunger.
B. A big increase in food production.
C. The speed-up of climate change.
D. A sudden drop in population.
( )28. What can we learn from the passage
A. Food recycling has been hugely successful.
B. Buyers should give up non-top quality food.
C. Stores should train people to make delicious dishes.
D. Meal plans in the family are hard to put into practice.
( )29. What is the passage mainly about
A. Benefits of reducing food waste.
B. Solutions to the food waste problem.
C. The importance of fighting food waste.
D. The attitude to the food waste problem.
D
When considering the kind of experience that makes life better, most people first think that happiness depends on experiencing pleasure : good food, good jobs, all the comforts that money can buy. If we couldn't have these, we might as well sit in front of the television on a quiet evening.
Pleasure is an important part of the quality of life, but by itself it doesn't bring happiness. When people think further about what makes a worthy life, they tend( 倾向于 ）to move beyond pleasant memories and begin to remember other events, other experiences that overlap（有重叠） pleasurable ones but fall into a group with a separate name ; enjoyment. Enjoyable events take place when people have not only satisfied a need or met some earlier expectation, but also achieved something unexpected.
Enjoyment is characterized by a sense of curiosity, of achievement. Playing a tennis game that improves one's ability is enjoyable, as is reading a book that shows things in a new light, as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn't know we had. None of these experiences may be especially pleasurable when they are taking place, but when we think back on them afterwards, we would say, "That really was fun" and wish they would happen again. After an enjoyable event we know that we have changed, and grown.
Experiences that give pleasure can also give enjoyment, but the two feelings are quite different. For example, everybody takes pleasure in eating. However, to enjoy food is more difficult-you have to pay enough attention to a meal, so as to sense and tell its various tastes. As this example suggests, we can experience pleasure without any psychic energy, while enjoyment happens only as a result of full attention. A person can feel pleasure without any effort, as long as certain parts in his brain are stimulated（刺激）.But it's impossible to enjoy a tennis game or a book without full attention. It's for this reason that pleasure does not last long, nor does it make us grow. Growth requires full attention to goals that are new, that are relatively challenging.
Without enjoyment, life will go on, and it can even be pleasant. But it depends heavily on luck and the external（外部的）environment. To achieve personal control over the quality of experience, however, we need to learn how to build enjoyment into what happens day in, day out.
( )30. You will most probably experience enjoyment when you
A. buy expensive shoes
B. order a delicious meal
C. talk with friends for new ideas
D. sit quietly in front of a television
( )31. What do you know about pleasure and enjoyment from the passage
A. Enjoyment grows out of pleasure.
B. Pleasure and enjoyment come hand in hand.
C. Pleasurable experiences are part of enjoyable ones.
D. Some experiences provide both pleasure and enjoyment.
( )32.(新考法短语猜测)The words " psychic energy" in Paragraph 4 are closest in meaning to .
A. attention B. interest C. ability D. knowledge
( )33. (新考法推断事实或观点)The writer probably agrees that
A. feeling pleasure stops people from achieving growth
B. feeling enjoyment comes with achieving growth
C. a worthy life depends on luck and environment
D. pleasure is the key to a happy and worthy life
第二部分
本部分共5题，共20分。根据题目要求，完成相应任务。
四、阅读表达（第34-36题每题2分，第37题4分，共10分）
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
My 100 Days Without a Mobile Phone
When was the last time you left home without your mobile phone Can you imagine yourself living a month, or even a year without checking your mobile phone from time to time
As a busy modern person with lots of social connections, plans and responsibilities, I just cannot afford to not be in touch with the rest of the world. Staying connected to other people is a big part of my life. However, sometimes it can be bothersome（恼人的）.
One day I discovered I was terribly tired out. I tried turning notifications（通知）off. But the fear of missing out something important made me check the phone more often than before. So, I simply stopped using my phone.
Well, to tell the truth, it was not simple at all. For the first couple of days, I had a big fear that all of my friends would soon forget about me. When I had a free moment, I had no idea what to get myself distracted（分心的）with, and the worries mixed with boredom kept bothering me.
However, after three weeks without a mobile phone, I started noticing changes-changes which I liked, and which drove me to not just continue the experiment, but in fact to reorganize some of my habits.
First of all, I noticed that I became much more focused（专注的). Before, while doing something, I would often find myself wondering what was going on online. After a month of staying away from my mobile phone, I found that the urge ( 冲动 ) was already not that strong and that my ability to focus improved.
I discovered that the world is a beautiful place. Before, I would look at it through my camera mostly: take a photo, post it, get some likes. Now, I saw beautiful people walking around and I sensed the seasons change. I could understand the actual beauty of the world, and I did not need anyone else to prove the value of this beauty through likes or shares.
Now, as 100 days have passed, I can say that the experiment was worth it. I am planning to stay away from my phone for as long as possible.
34. What made the writer check the phone more often than before
35. When did the writer start noticing his changes
36. What does the writer plan to do with his phone after the experiment
37. (新考法半开放性设问)Would you like to follow the writer's example Why or why not ( Please give two reasons. )
五、文段表达（10分）
38.从下面两个题目中任选一题，根据所给提示，完成一篇不少于50词的英语文段写作。文中已给出内容不计入总词数。所给提示词语仅供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。
题目①
假设你是李华。你们班想在毕业之前为学校做一件有意义的事，如种植纪念树、去校图书馆整理图书等。你打算邀请交换生Peter参加这次活动。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，告诉他活动内容、意义及安排。
提示词语：invite, plant, meaningful, beautiful, library
提示问题：
What activity do you plan to do
Why do you want to organize this activity
When and where will you have this activity
Dear Peter, How is everything going Hope to hear from you soon. Yours , Li Hua
题目②
同学们参加过各种各样的社团，如篮球队、合唱团等。
假设你是李华。请你用英语写一篇短文给学校英文网站投稿，介绍一个你参加过的社团，谈谈这个社团的活动内容以及你的收获。
提示词语：take part in, practice, skill, benefit, progress
提示问题：·
What club did you join
What did you do in the club
What have you learned from the experience
快速对答案
一、单项填空（共12小题；每题0.5分，共6分）
1-5 BCABA 6-10 DCBCD 11-12 AB
二、完形填空（共8小题；每题1分，共8分）
13-17 ACBDC 18-20 DAB
三、阅读理解（共13小题；每题2分，共26分）21-25 BACDC 26-30 ACDBC 31-33 DAB
四、阅读表达（共4小题；第34-36题每题2分，第37题4分，共10分）
34. The fear of missing out something important.
35. After three weeks.
36. Stay away from the phone for as long as possible.
37. Yes, Id like to. Because I also want to be more focused, and I would like to see the beautiful world through my eyes.
No. Because I can use the phone to know more news about the world. And I can play games in my free time. /...
五、文段表达（10分）
请看“详解详析”
详解详析
一、1.B【解析】考查代词用法。句意：我的姐姐喜欢唱歌， 最喜欢的科目是音乐。his他的；her她的；your你的，你们的；their他/她/它们的。根据空前“My sister enjoys singing”可知，此处指的是她最喜欢的科目是音乐。故选B。
2.C【解析】考查介词用法。句意： 十月参观北京是个好主意。at后加时间点；on后加具体某一天或某一天的早、中、晚；in后加年份、月份、季节等；to到。空后“October”为月份，要用in。故选C。
3. A 【解析】考查情态动词用法。句意：“我必须待在这里等你吗？”“不，你 。你可以现在回家。”needn't不需要；can't不能；mustn't禁止；shouldn't不应该。根据上文“Must I stay here and wait for you？”中用must提问，否定回答应用needn't。故选A。
4. B 【解析】考查副词比较等级辨析。句意：“你 喜欢哪一个，游泳还是滑冰？”“游泳。”根据空后"swimming or skating”可知为两者比较，要用比较级。故选B。
5.A【解析】考查How词组辨析。句意：“你 整理你自己的房间？”“一周两次。"How often多久一次；How soon 多久；How much多少钱；How long多长，多长时间。根据答语“Twice a week."可知此处提问频率。故选A。
6.D【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：爬山很困难， Sam最终到达了山顶。or或者，否则；so因此；for因为；but但是。根据空前后“It was difficult to climb the mountain”和“Sam got to the top at last”可知前后分句为转折关系，意思是虽然爬山很困难，但是Sam最终到达了山顶。故选D。
7.C【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：“Lucy；你在干什么？”“我 一个船模型。”根据上文“Lucy， what are you doing？”可知时态为现在进行时，答语也应用现在进行时。故选C。
8. B 【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：神舟十五号航天员在2023年6月4日安全 地球。根据空后“on June 4，2023”为过去的时间，应用一般过去时。故选B。
9.C【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：如果你明天和我们一起去音乐会，你 在那里玩得很开心。根据前文“If you go to the concert with us tomorrow " 可知此处If引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，因此主句应用一般将来时。故选C。
10.D【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：自从Eric对科学感兴趣以来，他 很多东西。根据空后“since he became interested in science”可知，时态为现在完成时。故选D。
11.A 【解析】考查动词的语态。句意：这个公园变得越来越漂亮了，因为每年更多种类的花 。根据空后“every year”可知时态为一般现在时，排除B和D选项；且由空前“more kinds of flowers”可知，主语与谓语存在逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，意为被种植。故选A。
12. B【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：“Lily，你能告诉我在今年的端午节期间 ？”“当然，我们吃了粽子还看了一场龙舟赛。”分析句子结构可知空处为宾语从句要用陈述句语序，排除C和D选项；根据后文“We ate zongzi and watched a dragon boat race.”可知时态为一般过去时。故选B。
二、【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者去快餐店吃饭时，因为迟迟没有人点单而生气，但是想到了妈妈的话他决定对别人友善一些。他认为我们每个人都是一样的，有烦恼会生气，会累也会受伤，因此我们需要更耐心地对待他人。
13.A 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我环顾了几乎空荡的 ，但收银员不在视线内。restaurant餐厅；street街道；school学校；office办公室。根据上文“I hardlly had enough time to eat a sandwich and rush back to work.”并结合空后"but the cashier was nowhere in sight”可推断出应是环顾餐厅。故选A。
14.C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意；我在 中变得生气。agreed同意；finished完成；waited 等待；left留下。根据后文“Td been standing there for at least three minutes！”可知，此处指的是我在等待中变得生气。故选C。
15. B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果一个人是讨厌的，那么 失去了。trust相信；love爱；patience耐心；confidence自信心。根据前文“If some-one is unkind, then kindness is missing”可知I unkind和kindness为对应关系，结合空前“If someone is hateful”与 hateful对应的词为love。故选B。
16. D 【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：失去的是 。hope希望；advice建议；money钱；service服务。根据空后“Maybe I should just jump behind the counter and take my own order.”可推知，此处指的是服务。故选D。
17.C【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我可以帮你吗？”她仍然 问。nervously紧张地；carefully仔细地；coldly冷漠地；kindly友善地。根据第二段最后一句“She looked at me coldly with sad, dark eyes. "可知，此处是coldly的同词复现，意思是她仍然冷漠地问。故选C。
18.D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的问题似乎 她。 disappoint使失望；hurt使受伤；trouble使烦恼；surprise使惊讶。根据后文“She eyed me for a second before answering.”可推知，此处指的是我的问题似乎使她惊讶。故选D。
19.A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们需要对彼此 。 nice更友善的；closer更近的；cooler更冷漠的；fairer更公正的。根据前文“We're all the same ,n really. We have problems and angers, we get tired and we hurt.”可推知，此处指的是我们需要对彼此更友善。故选A。
20.B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：它 . said说；worked工作，奏效；read阅读；ended结束。根据倒数第二段第二句" The woman was watching me, a big smile on her face.”可推知作者以善良应对冷漠，最终奏效了。故选B。
三、 A
【主旨大意】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个短期美术课程，并为三个孩子匹配适合他们的课程。
21.B【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：我对设计衣服感兴趣并且想在大学学习它。根据B方框中最后一句"If you like designing clothes and want to study it at college， join us！”可知，B课程符合题意。故选B。
22. A 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：我喜欢制作动物海报并且我喜欢读图画书。根据A方框中第二、三句“You'll use your new skills to make a wall poster of animals. And we've got lots of picture books to give you ideas.”可知，A课程符合题意。故选A。
23.C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：我喜欢制作包，并且想参观美术博物馆来获得有创意的想法。根据C方框中第一句" This course is about making bags to keep your sports clothes in. "|以及第三句“Arid you'll visit art museums to get some creative ideas. "丁知，C课程符合题意。故选C。
B
【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了 Betty一家去海边玩，回家的时候Betty捡了一筐贝壳但是被她的哥哥David不小心弄碎了，Betty很沮丧，第二天David为了表示自己的歉意，主动提出把几个完好无损的贝壳粘在装有他们两个相片的相框边。Betty原谅了David，认为David永远是最棒的哥哥。
24.D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：Betty认为这些贝壳怎么样？根据第二段第二、三句“Each one is a different shape and size. They are all special. "可知，D选项符合题意。故选D。
25.C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为；当 时，Betty 开始哭了。根据第五段第二句“When she saw her seashells broken， she began to cry，”可知，C选项符合题意。故选C。
26. A【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：David把贝壳粘在相框上是为了 。根据第六段第四、五句“He thought about what he could do to make it up to his sister. When he got home, he had a perfect idea.”可知，A选项符合题意。故选A。
C
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了食物浪费的现状以及四个解决食物浪费问题的方法，并得出结论：如果我们每个人都做出努力，食物浪费问题一定会有所改善。
27.C【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：根据这篇文章，下列哪一项可能是食物浪费的结果？根据第一段第五句J" In addition, the wasted food produces over three billion tons of carbon dioxide ( CO,), which speeds up climate (气候）change.”可知，C选项符合题意。故选C。
28. D【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：从文章中我们可以学到什么？根据第四段第一句“One of the hardest solutions to achieve is for each and every one to buy and prepare food with a plan of their own so that less food is wasted.”可推知，D选项符合题意。故选D。
29.B【解析】主旨大意题。题干意为：这篇文章主要关于什么？根据第二、三、四、五段可知，主要介绍了四种解决食物浪费问题的方法。故选B。
D
【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了快乐和享受的联系和对比。
30.C【解析】推理判断题。题干意为：当你 时，你最有可能体验到享受。根据第三段第二句中的“as is having a conversation that leads us to express ideas we didn't know we had”可推断出C选项符合题意。故选C。
31.D【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：你能从这篇文章中知道关于快乐和享受的什么？根据第四段第一句" Experiences that give pleasure can also give enjoyment, but the two feelings are quite different.”可知，D选项符合题意。故选D。
32. A【解析】短语猜测题。题干意为：与第四段中的"psychic energy”有最相近的含义的单词是根据第四段第四句" As this example suggests', we can experience pleasure without any psychic energy, while enjoyment happens only as a result of full attention. "可知，A选项符合题意。故选A。
解题技巧：短语猜测题考查的词汇（组）均为生难词汇（组）或俗语谚语，学生需重点掌握以下四种方法。
方法1：根据上下文语境猜测词义，学生需熟读生单词前后的语句，分析已知信息与生词之间的关系，从而得出答案；
方法2：通过“逻辑关系”猜测词义，常见的3种逻辑关系有反义关系，同义关系和因果关系；
方法3：通过定义或释义关系猜测词义，学生需重点关注一些词语（be， mean， namely等）、同位语（从句）、定语从句和标点符号（如破折号和冒号）；
方法4：通过举例猜测词义，学生可以根据such as， for example， like等词的前后内容得出答案。
33.B【解析】推断事实或观点题。题干意为：作者很有可能同意 。根据第三段第一句“Enjoyment is characterized by a sense of curiosity, of achievement.”可知感到快乐与得到成长是相辅相成的。故选B。
四、【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者100天不使用手机的经历，一开始不使用手机会让人很焦虑，但是三周后发生了很多可喜的变化，作者注意力更集中，可以更好地发现这个世界的美。
34. The fear of missing out something important.
【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：是什么让作者比之前更频繁地查看手机？根据第三段第三句“But the fear of missing out something important made me check the phone more often than before. ”可知，害怕错过重要的消息让作者查看手机更频繁了。
35. After three weeks. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：作者什么时候开始注意到自己的改变？根据第五段第一句中的可知"However, after three weeks without a mobile phone, I started noticing changes-changes which I liked"可知，三周后作者开始注意到自己的改变。
36. Stay away from the phone for as long as possible. 【解析】细节理解题。题干意为：作者计划在实验后对他的手机做什么？根据最后一段最后一句“I am planning to stay away from my phone for as long as possible.”可知作者计划尽可能长时间地远离手机。
37. Yes, I'd like to. Because I also want to be more focused, and I would like to see the beautiful world through my eyes. /No. Because I can use the phone to know more news about the world. And I can play games in my free time. /. .
【解析】半开放性设问题。题干意为：你想效仿作者的例子吗？为什么或为什么不？（请给出两个理由。）答案不唯一，言之有理即可。
五、题目①：【高分范文】
Dear Peter,
How is everything going I'm writing to invite you to join us. As we are going to graduate, our classmates plan to plant a tree together. We all know that trees can stop the wind from blowing the sand, and they can also make our school beautiful. So we decide to plant a tree for our school. Next Sunday, we will meet at the gate of the school and then go to the playground. We will dig a hole, plant the tree and then water it. I believe we all will have a great time.
Hope to hear from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
题目②：【高分范文】
I have been in the basketball club for three years. We used to practice from Monday to Friday, and on the week-end, we played games with other teams. During the three years, my skill of playing basketball improved a lot. And I also made a lot of friends. Playing basketball not only helps me keep fit, but also helps me understand the importance of teamwork. I will keep playing and try to be good at it.
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