Unit 7 What's the highest mountain in the world?复习（主要短语+语法知识） 人教版八年级英语下册

八年级英语下册Unit 7 复习
一 主要短语
【Section A】
1.形容词比较级和最高级:
形容词,副词比较级的常用修饰词有:, a little, a bit, much, even, still, a lot, far等.
三者或三者以上使用最高级:the+最高级+ of /in短语
One of+the+最高级+名词复数 “最……的……之一”
如:Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.
the +序数词(second,third....)+最高级“第几....”
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
2.succeed in doing sth 成功做某事
success n.成功,不可数 successful, adj.成功的, successfully, 成功地
3.What 's the population of +地点 It’s ... ...地方的人口是多少
修饰population 用large /big 或者 small
population前面有分数(three/fifths=3/5)或百分数修饰时,谓语动词用复数
the population of China 中国的人口
4.one of the oldest countries 最古老的国家之一
5.feel free to do sth. 随意地做某事
6.as far as I know 据我所知
7.as you can see 正如你所看见的,…
8.mountain climbing/ climbing mountains 登山运动
9.freezing weather conditions 极冷的天气状况
10.higher than any other mountain 比其他任何一座山高
11.challenge oneself 挑战自我
12.run along 绵延,横亘… …
13.表达事物的长,宽,高,深……
sth./sb.+be+数量+单位+形容词long, wide, tall, deep 如:The river is 6300 kilometers long.
问事物的高,深,宽,长… How high/ deep/tall/ wide/ long/ is ...
问重量用 How heavy be+sth,/sb.
14.one of the world’s most dangerous sports 世界上最危险的运动之一
15.one of the most popular places 最受欢迎的地方之一
16.risk sb’s lfe to do sth.冒着某人生命危险做某事
take risks/ a risk to do sth.冒风险去做
17.in the face of difficulties 面临困难
18.take in air 呼吸空气
19.the first people to do sth. 第一个做某事的人
20.achieve one’s dream 实现某人的梦想
= make one’s dream come true
21.the forces of nature 自然界的力量
22.reach the top 到达顶峰
23.even though 虽然;尽管
24.prepare to do sth.准备做某事
prepare for sth.为……做准备如: prepare for a test
prepare sth.for sth/sb...为……准备某物,
25.force sb to do sth 强迫某人做谋事
26.send sb to do sth 派某人去做某事
27.give up doing sth.放弃做某事
【Section B】
1.at birth在出生时
2.up to +数量词 达到 (某数量 程度等);至多
3.live up to +...years活到…岁
4.another 200 or so 还有大约200左右
5.次数,倍数表示法: 一次,一倍 once
两次 twice
三次及三次以上 基数词 + times
6.倍数表达法:
A+谓语+倍数+adj./adv.(比较级)+than +B.
Tom runs 3 times faster than Jack.
A+谓语+倍数+as+adj./adv.(原级)+as+B.
Tom runs 3 times as fast as Jack.
7.be awake 醒着的
awake是形容词,只作表语,不能作定语,类似的词还有afraid, asleep, alone, alive 等
8.There be +sb.(sth.) +doing sth+地点.某处有某人或某物在做某事
9.sb.spend + time/ money + on sth./ in doing sth.某人花费时间/金钱做某事
sb.pay +money +for sth.某人为某物支付多少钱
It takes sb + time+ to do sth.花费某人多长时间做
sth + cost +sb +money 某物花费某人多少钱
10.protect sb from…保护…免于…的伤害
如:protect children from catching a cold.保护孩子免于感冒
11.be in dangerr=be dangerous 处在危险中 be out of danger脱离危险
12.run over with excitement 兴奋地跑过去
13.walk into sb. 撞着某人
14.die from illness 死于疾病
15.fall over 被…绊倒
fall down 跌倒,倒塌
fall off 从...上跌落
16.take care of 照顾;照料
17.every two years 每两年
18.cut down the forests 砍伐森林
19.endangered animals 濒危动物
20.fewer and fewer pandas 越来越少的大熊猫
21.the importance of saving these animals 拯救这些动物的重要性
22.wild animals野生动物 sea life海洋生物
23.water pollution 水污染
24.only live for a short time because of illnesses由于疾病仅活很短的时间
25.make more homes for the pandas为大熊猫建造更多的家园
26.stop putting rubbish into the sea停止往大海里丢垃圾
27.in the remaining forests在剩下的森林里
28.another 30 pandas=30 more pandas 另外30只熊猫
29.do research 做研究
30.a symbol of ...的象征
二 单元语法
形容词与副词的比较级和最高级
比较级最高级的构成
比较级用于两个人或物之间的比较,表示“较……”或“更……”,标志词“than”,通常用于两者之间的比较
最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间的比较
规则变化
1 一般直接在词尾加er;est.
tall---taller---the tallest
great---greater---the greatest
2 以字母e结尾的直接加r;st
nice---nicer---the nicest
fine---finer---the finest
3 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词变y为i再加er;est
busy---busier---the busiest
heavy---heavier---the heaviest
4 重读闭音节结尾的单音节词,若词尾只有一个辅音字母时,须双写这个辅音字母再加er;est
big-bigger-the biggest
hot -hotter-the hottest
5 少数以-y,-er,-ow, -ble结尾的双音节词,末尾加-er,和-est(以-y结尾的词,如-y前是辅音字母,则变y为i,再加-er和-est;以-e结尾的词仍只加-r和-st)
happy—happier—happiest
clever—cleverer—cleverest
5 多音节和部分双音节词在词前加more;most
easily--more easily--most easily
beautiful--more beautiful--the most beautiful
特殊点:
(1)有些单音节词的比较等级常用more和most,如glad,fond,shy,sly(但like只可用more和most)
eg.I am not more glad than you.
我可没像你那样高兴
Uncle Jack was more like a book of reference to my father.
杰克大叔对我父亲来说真是一部参考书
(2)有些单音节词用-er和-est或more和most皆可,如free,clear等
eg. I'm clearer/more clear about it than before.
对这事,我比以前更清楚了
(3)有些双音节词用-er和-est或more和most皆可,在当代英语中似有多用more和most的趋势,如:secure,cruel,pretty,lively等
eg.She looks prettier/more pretty with long hair than with short hair.
她留长发比留短发漂亮
The patient seems a little livelier/more lively this morning.
这位病人今天早上精神似乎好些了
(4)分词形容词(过去分词,现在分词作形容词)的比较等级一律用more和most
eg.I felt more tired this morning.
今天上午我感觉比较疲倦
Skiing is more exciting than skating.
滑雪比滑冰更激动人心
The report is most alarming.
这个报告最为扰乱人心
英语里有些形容词的比较等级的变化是不规则的
good well better best
bad ill worse woset
many much more most
little few less least
far farther farthest或further futheet
old older oldest 或elder eldest
late later latest 或latter last
(5) 形容词前可加less和least,表示“较不”和“最不”
eg.Short sight is less common among the young students in this country.
近视在这个国家的青少年学生中较为少见
The flaw in this stamp makes it less valuable.
这张邮票因为有点瑕疵,不那么值钱
She's no less active than she used to be.
她和以往一样活跃
He has less strength than I have.
他的力气比我小
It is less cold than it was yesterday.
天气没有昨天那样冷
比较级表示法
(1)“A+谓语+as+形容词原级+as+B”表示A和B同等程度
eg.I'm not as tall as he.
我没有他高
The march of events is as fast as we thought.
事情的发展就如我们所料的那样快
(2)“A+谓语+形容词比较级+than+B”表示A超过B
eg.The first is better than the second.
第一个比第二个好
The doctor's fees were higher than we expected.
医生的酬金比我们预计的要高
(3)“the+比较级…,the+比较级…”表示B随着A的增长程度而平行增长,译为“越…越…”
eg.The busier I am,the happier I feel.
我越忙,越高兴
The lazier you are,the poorer you will be.
你越懒,就越穷
The more careful you are,the less mistakes you would make.
你越仔细,出错越少
The more problems you think about,the cleverer you will become.
你考虑的问题越多,你就会越聪明
(4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越…”
eg.As he got older,he became more and more fond of comfort.
随着年龄的增长,他越来越喜欢安逸
The summer is coming,it is getting hotter and hotter.
夏天来了,天气越来越热
Things are getting better and better.
情况一天比一天好起来
(5)A+谓语+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B
A+谓语+倍数+比较级+than+B
A+谓语+倍数+the size/height/length/weight of+B
eg.There are now five times as many schools in our town as in 1979.
我们城里的学校比1979年增加了4倍
Asia is four times larger than Europe.
亚洲比欧洲大3倍
This desk is twice the size of that one.
这张桌子是那张桌子的两倍大
最高级表示法
(1) 形容词最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较, 其结构一般是“定冠词the+形容词最高级+表示范围的短语或从句”
eg. She is the tallest among her classmates.
她在她同学之中是最高的
He is the most honorable of men.
他是品行最为高尚的人
This book is the most difficult that I have ever read.
这本书是我所读过的最难读的一本书
(2) 形容词的最高级也可以用“形容词的比较级+than+any other+单数名词”或“形容词的比较级+than+any of the other+名词的复数”来表示
eg. That city is larger than any other city in that country.
那座城市是该国最大的城市
John is taller than any other boy in the class.
约翰比班上其他的男生都高
He is more experienced than any of the other teachers in our school.
他是我们学校最有经验的老师
(3) 形容词的最高级作表语,如果没有表示比较的范围或者说不与别的人或物进行比较,形容词的最高级前常常不加冠词
eg.Pollution is most serious in this area.
这个地区的污染最严重
Vegetables are best when they are fresh.
蔬菜新鲜的时候最好
(4) 形容词的最高级前如果有物主代词,不再加定冠词
eg.This is my best coat.
这是我最好的大衣
She is doubtless my best friend.
她无疑是我最好的朋友
I sent you my best wishes on this happy occasion.
在这快乐的时刻我向你致以最好的祝愿