2024年广东省英语中考总复习代词讲义

代词
知识点 考查题型 具体考查内容
人称代词 语法选择 (2021)33.It，Its，They，Theirs
短文填空 (2023)66．put it (2022)75.celebrated it (2021)66．made him
物主代词 语法选择 (2023)32.he, him, his (2022)40.she, her， hers
反身代词 / /
指示代词 / /
不定代词 / /
疑问代词 / /
基础练习
人称代词、物主代词与反身代词
类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 物主代词 名词性 物主代词
第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
第三人称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
1．人称代词主格通常作主语，宾格常作宾语或表语。
2．形容词性物主代词用于名词前作定语，不能单独使用；当表示强调时，形容词性物主代词与own连用，表示“某人自己的”。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，具有名词的特征，须单独使用。
3．反身代词可作宾语、表语和同位语。反身代词常见短语：
teach oneself＝learn by oneself自学 help oneself 随便吃
by oneself独自地，单独 dress oneself自己穿衣服
enjoy oneself玩得开心 lose oneself迷路
注意：多个人称代词同时出现的顺序：单数是you, he/she and I；复数是we, you and they。
提升练习
(　A　)1．(2023天津) teacher talked to about the stories of the Silk Road.
A．Our; us B．Our; we
C．Ours; us D．Ours; we
(　A　)2．(2023扬州)The children have painted since could first pick up a brush.
A．they B．them
C．their D．themselves
(　B　)3．(2023黑龙江)We won't believe it until see it with own eyes.
A．our; us B．we; our C．we; ours
(　C　)4．(2023怀化)My mother's birthday is coming．I will buy a gift for ．
A．she B．hers C．her
指示代词
1．指示代词this, that, these, those
单数 复数 用法 例句
this these 指在空间和时间上较近的事物 This city is very beautiful.
that those 指在空间和时间上较远的事物 Those are my favourite flowers.
注意：在电话用语中，称呼自己用this，称呼对方用that。如：—Who's that please
—Hello! This is Bob speaking．
2．it, one, that作代词的区别
代词 用法 例句
it 指上文提到过的事物 This room is mine．It is small but tidy.
one 泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个 The dresses are pretty, and I want to buy one.
that 常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的不可数名词或可数名词单数，如指代可数名词复数要用those，避免重复 The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangdong. The trees outside the yard are taller than those inside.
3.多功能it的用法
用法 例句
用于指人以外的一切生物及无生命的事物 It looks like a cat！
表示时间、天气、季节、距离等 It's an hour's walk from my home to the school.
用于上文提及的内容 You mustn't play on the road.It's dangerous.
用作形式主语，常用于“It's＋adj.(＋for/of sb.)＋to do sth.”“It takes/took sb．… to do …”等句型中 It's important for us to keep the water clean. It took me a week to finish reading the book.
用作形式宾语，常用于“sb.＋动词＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.”句型中，与之搭配的动词有find，think，make，consider，feel等 He found it not easy to learn a language well.
用于固定搭配中，如“It's time to do sth./for sth.”“It's one's turn to do sth.”“It seems that …”等 It's time to have supper．
(　C　)5．(2023凉山)The twins look the same, so even their father finds difficult to tell them from each other.
A．that B．this C．it
不定代词
1．不定代词的判定
(1)根据定义判断：不指明代替任何特定名词的代词。如：somebody，anything。
(2)根据用法判断：既可以置于名词前，又可以指代名词。如：many boys，all of you。
2．不定代词的辨析
不定代词 辨析 例句
some, any (1)都是“一些”的意思，都可以修饰或指代可数名词或不可数名词 (2)some多用于肯定句中；any多用于否定句、疑问句中 (3)表示请求、邀请或征求意见的问句，通常要用 some而不用any Tom has some books． Do you have any questions He doesn't have any pens. Would you like to have some water？
few, a few (1)few修饰或指代可数名词复数，表示否定 (2)a few修饰或指代可数名词复数，表示肯定 He has few friends． He has a few friends.
little, a little (1)little修饰或指代不可数名词，表示否定 (2)a little修饰或指代不可数名词，表示肯定 There is little water． There is still a little water left.
many, much (1)many修饰或指代可数名词复数 (2)much修饰或指代不可数名词 Many boys are interested in e－games. The toy cost much money.
both, either， neither (1)both 指两者都 (2)either指两者中的任意一个(修饰或指代可数名词单数) (3)neither指两者都不(作主语时，谓语动词用单数) He is blind in both eyes. There're no trees on either side of the river. Neither answer is right.
all, none (1)all指三者或三者以上都，或指不可数的事物 (2)none指三者或三者以上都不(作主语时，多与of构成短语none of，谓语动词用单复数均可)；既可指人又可指物 Are they all students None of the films is/are nice．
no one， nobody 表示三者或三者以上全部否定，只用于指人不用于指物，作主语时，谓语动词用单数 No one/Nobody has read this book．
each, every (1) each 指两者或两者以上，侧重于个体 (2) every指三者或三者以上，侧重整体；不能单独使用，只有与名词连用或构成复合词时，才能作主语和宾语 There are trees on each side of the road． Every child enjoys Christmas.
续表
不定代词 辨析 例句
another， other， others， the other, the others (1)another“又一；另外的”，既可作形容词又可作代词 (2)other“另外/其他一些”，后接名词 (3)others“另外/其他一些人或物”，后不接名词 (4)the other表示“两者/部分中的另一个/部分” (5)the others＝the other＋名词复数，表示“剩余的人或物”(其后不接名词) Will you sing another song She's ready to help other people. We should think of others． Tom has two pets．One is a dog, and the other is a bird. I have some pens.Two of them are red, and the others are blue.
3．复合不定代词
分类 some－ any－ no－ every－ 用法
人 somebody anybody nobody everybody (1)作单数，表示“某物”“某人”等 (2)在修饰不定代词时，形容词要放在不定代词之后。如：something new
someone anyone no one everyone
物 something anything nothing everything
(　C　)6．(2023镇江)The twin brothers are good at football and of them have a talent for sports.
A．neither B．either
C．both D．all
(　C　)7．(2023菏泽)—Hurry up! The bus is leaving soon.
—Don't worry．There is time left.
A．no B．little C．a little
(　B　)8．(2023东营)—Has ever been to Mars
—No, not yet．Maybe in the future．
A．nobody B．anybody
C．somebody D．everybody
疑问代词
1．疑问代词的判定
疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词，如：who，whom，whose，which，what。用于特殊疑问句中，一般放句首，并在句中充当句子成分。
2．疑问代词的用法
疑问代词 词义 例句
what 什么 What class is he in What is her father？
which 哪个；哪些 Which is better Which city do you like best
who 谁(主格) Who helped you with your homework？
whom 谁(宾格) Whom did you visit last Sunday
whose 谁的 Whose bike was lost yesterday？
注意：在口语中who可以代替whom。
(　A　)9．(2023 丹东)— is this basketball
—Perhaps it's our English teacher's．He likes sports.
A．Whose B．Where
C．How D．Which
强化训练
代词在语法选择中的运用
★1．形容词性物主代词作定语
(2023广东)At the age of seven, David had 32 first astronaut(宇航员) training experience.
32．A．he B．him C．his
【思路点拨】根据句意可知，七岁那年戴维有了他第一次宇航员训练的经历。设空后的“first astronaut training experience”是名词短语，此处应用形容词性物主代词。故选C。
★2．人称代词作主语或宾语
(2021广东)Workers started to build the bridge in May, 2018． 33 cost ?$2.8 million and took over two years to complete.
33．A．It B．Its
C．They D．Theirs
【思路点拨】分析句子结构可知，此句缺少主语，此处应用人称代词的主格形式指代上句中的“the bridge”，即用it。故选A。
代词在短文填空中的运用
★人称代词作宾语，用在动词或介词后
(2023广东)There is a small thing we use every day．We usually put 66 in the bathroom.
【思路点拨】根据语境及分析句子结构可知，此处指我们通常把它放在浴室。此处指代上文的“a small thing”，应用it，且代词在句中作宾语。故填it。
课后练习
一、单项填空
(　B　)1．(2023北京)My sister enjoys singing and favorite subject is music.
A．his B．her
C．your D．their
(　B　)2．(2023武汉模拟)—Do you know the 24 solar terms
—Of course．They show the changes of nature and carries its own special meaning.
A．neither B．each
C．every D．either
(　A　)3．(2023镇江一模)After a busy day, is better than enjoying dinner with all my family members.
A．nothing B．anything
C．something D．everything
(　D　)4．Most people have the habit of talking to when they are alone.
A．them B．they
C．their D．themselves
(　B　)5． is necessary for us to talk to our parents when we have problems.
A．This B．It
C．That D．One
二、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1．(2023兰州) There isn't any(some) milk in the fridge now．Why not buy some online
2．(2023定西一模)Though the old man is more than 80, he teaches himself(he) how to use WeChat.
3．Jack is a good friend of theirs(they).
4．As junior high school students, we should learn to learn all the subjects by ourselves(we) in our daily lives.
5．—My father will take me(I) to the West Lake in Hangzhou this Saturday.
—Really I hope you'll enjoy your(you) weekend.
三、小语篇特训
(一)语法选择
Coffee has been a part of people's lives for thousands of years, and it is still a favorite drink in the world．Here is a story about how 1 was discovered.
(　A　)1．A．it B．its C．itself
The story tells 2 coffee was discovered in Africa long long ago．One day a farmer was watching his goats, and saw them eating 3 berries(浆果) from a plant．The goats became very active after 4 ate the berries．The man often felt tired, so he decided to try the berries, too．To 5 surprise, he didn't feel tired any more．Coffee plants were thus discovered．Then coffee was taken from Africa to 6 countries in Europe.
(　C　)2．A．we B．our C．us
(　C　)3．A．any B．every C．some
(　A　)4．A．they B．them C．their
(　C　)5．A．he B．him C．his
(　A　)6．A．other B．others C．the others
After that, the farmers started to grow coffee plants, especially in South America.
(二)短文填空
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词， 每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
our　he　other　nothing　they　you　anything
By thinking about our bad emotions(情绪), we can find healthy ways to deal with them．Unhealthy behaviors are not the way to do this．There are better ways to deal with 1．them．One of the best ways is forgiveness(原谅)．
Forgiveness is a powerful tool．We should forgive 2．ourselves first．We must also forgive others who have made us angry．This is not always easy．But there is 3．nothing good about carrying bad emotions inside．By forgiving ourselves and 4．others， we can put down our pressure and feel better about ourselves．The moment you do this, you will start to feel like 5．you have more energy and you'll be much happier with your life.
四、短文填空(核心素养：思维品质)
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词， 每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
decide　if　find　however　age　when　he but　learn　of　famous　subject
(2023平凉一模改编)When Charlie Brown was a little boy, his uncle called him “Sparky”．Sparky wasn't smart at his young 1．age.
His school time was a nightmare(噩梦) to 2.him．He didn't do well in many 3．subjects and wasn't good at sports at all．He joined the school's sports team, 4．but he lost the only game of the season．Everyone thought he was a loser．
5．However， Sparky loved drawing and practiced it a lot．6．When he was 18, he started to send his comics to some companies, but all of them didn't accept his comics．He still kept drawing．Then, he 7．decided to tell his life stories in his comics．He created a cute loser, Charlie Brown．He also created Snoopy from his dog, Spike．Both of the two characters soon became 8．famous all over the world．
The story 9．of Charlie tells us: every dog has its day．Maybe we aren't good enough in the beginning, but we can keep trying．We can 10．find our ways and show the talents．There are no losers．We all have chances to make our dreams come true.