2024届高考英语 热考主题 生态环保类阅读题专练（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语 热考主题 生态环保类阅读题专练（含解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-21 15:37:15 | ||
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热考主题 生态环保
Passage 1
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops(June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19 Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10–Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
1.Which of the four programs begins the earliest
A.Photography Workshops.
B.Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C.Canyon Talks at Artist Point.
D.Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
2.What is the short talk at Artist Point about
A.Works of famous artists.
B.Protection of wild animals.
C.Basic photography skills.
D.History of the canyon area.
3.Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop
A.Artist Point.
B.Washburn Trailhead.
C.Canyon Village Store.
D.Visitor Education Center.
Passage 2
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of "We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while" was assigned the categories "sitting at beach"and "listening to waves."
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a "nature language" began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown
during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
"We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it," said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
1.What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A.Pocket parks are now popular. B.Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C.Many cities are overpopulated. D.People enjoy living close to nature.
2.Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A.To compare different types of park-goers. B.To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C.To analyze the main features of the park. D.To find patterns in the visitors’summaries.
3.What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C.The same nature experience takes different forms.
D.The nature language enhances work performance.
4.What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A.Language study. B.Environmental conservation.
C.Public education. D.Intercultural communication.
Passage 3
According to the Solar Energy Industries Association, the number of solar panels installed (安装) has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
"Solar projects need to be good neighbors," says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE) project. "They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy." InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to "low-impact" solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities —and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. "These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape," says Macknick.
1.What do solar developers often ignore
A.The decline in the demand for solar energy. B.The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C.The rising labor cost of building solar farms. D.The most recent advances in solar technology.
2.What does InSPIRE aim to do
A.Improve the productivity of local farms. B.Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C.Make solar projects environmentally friendly. D.Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
3.What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4
A.To conserve pollinators. B.To restrict solar development.
C.To diversify the economy. D.To ensure the supply of energy.
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B.Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C.InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D.Solar Farms: A New Development
Passage 4
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, "food waste goes against the moral grain," as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from "ugly" (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, "if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world."
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries
Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. "Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat," Curtin says.
1.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A.We pay little attention to food waste.
B.We waste food unintentionally at times.
C.We waste more vegetables than meat.
D.We have good reasons for wasting food.
2.What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A.Moral decline. B.Environmental harm.
C.Energy shortage. D.Worldwide starvation.
3.What does Curtin’s company do
A.It produces kitchen equipment. B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C.It helps local farmers grow fruits. D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.
4.What does Curtin suggest people do
A.Buy only what is needed. B.Reduce food consumption.
C.Go shopping once a week. D.Eat in restaurants less often.
Passage 5
I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs (幼兽) that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don’t make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.
I’ve got two children — the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving — but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn’t worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they’d get up to mischief. We’d come down in the morning to find they’d turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up "tiger milk", washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren’t there.
I’m not sad about it. I’m hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time that we had them.
1.Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home
A.To ensure their survival.
B.To observe their differences.
C.To teach them life skills.
D.To let them play with his kids.
2.What do the underlined words "get up to mischief" mean in paragraph 3
A.Behave badly. B.Lose their way.
C.Sleep soundly. D.Miss their mom.
3.What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home
A.Boring. B.Tiring. C.Costly. D.Risky.
4.Why did the author decide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo
A.They frightened the children.
B.They became difficult to contain.
C.They annoyed the neighbours
D.They started fighting each other.
Passage 6
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called "Strawpocalypse," a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic," Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
1.What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for
A.Beautifying the city he lives in.
B.Introducing eco-friendly products.
C.Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D.Reducing garbage on the beach.
2.Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A.To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B.To explain why they are useful.
C.To voice his views on modern art.
D.To find a substitute for them.
3.What effect would "Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers
A.Calming. B.Disturbing. C.Refreshing. D.Challenging.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Artists’Opinions on Plastic Safety
B.Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C.Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D.Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
Passage 1
【解析】 本文主要介绍了美国黄石国家公园的四个护林员项目。
1.D 理解具体信息 对比四个项目的时间信息可知，Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone是最早开始的(May 26)。故D项正确。
2.D 理解具体信息 根据Canyon Talks at Artist Point部分中的"while learning about the area’s natural and human history"及本段最后的"for this short talk"可知，这个简短的演讲是关于Canyon这个地方的历史的。故D项正确。
3.B 理解具体信息 根据Photography Workshops部分中的"7/10...meet at Washburn Trailhead"可知，7月10日参加者要在这里碰面。故B项正确。
【解析】 作者通过对一项新的研究结果及其过程的描述，向读者介绍了与大自然互动对人类健康的重要性，同时也指出要保护大自然。
1.B 理解具体信息 题干问的是在文章开头作者描述的是什么现象。根据第一段中的"access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find"(城市居民越来越难以接触大自然)以及"it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild"(在一个城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)可知，在城市里很难接触大自然。故B项正确。
2.D 推断 题干问的是研究人员将参与者提交的文件分类的原因。根据第四段第一句话"Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories...began to emerge"(在320份提交的材料中，一种被研究人员称为"自然语言"的类别模式开始出现)可知，研究人员这样做是为了从访客的总结材料中找出类别规律。故D项正确。
3.C 推断 题干问的是我们从第五段所举的例子中可以学到什么。根据第五段所举的例子"the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying...a fountain on their lunch break"可知，年轻的职业人士周末可以在公园徒步旅行，周内可以沿着喷泉散步，用不同的形式去体验自然，即同样的与自然的互动体验会有不同的表现形式。故C项正确。
4.B 理解具体信息 题干问的是在我们与大自然互动之前，我们应该做些什么。根据最后一段Kahn的话 "And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it"(为了实现这一点，我们还需要保护自然，以便与之互动)可知，我们在与大自然互动以前需要保护自然，故B项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词：access n.通道，通路，入径；(使用或见到的)机会，权利 submission n.提交(或呈递)的文件、建议等；(向法官提出的)看法，意见 established adj.已确立的，已获确认的，确定的 domestic adj.本国的，国内的；家用的；享受家庭乐趣的 generate vt.产生，引起
核心短语：focus on专注于，关注 take part in参加，参与
熟词生义：balloon 常用义：n.气球，热气球 文章义：vi.(突然)膨胀，涨大
The sheet flapped and ballooned in the wind.被单在风中飘动，被吹得鼓鼓的。
难句分析：Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities (that are most satisfying and meaningful to them).
译文：命名每一种自然体验都会创造出一种可用的语言，这种语言帮助人们识别并参与对他们来说非常满意、非常有意义的活动。
【解析】 随着太阳能的普及，越来越多的太阳能电池板被安装在各个社区，这不可避免地给环境，尤其是农业环境，带来消极影响。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据第二段内容可知，太阳能开发者们想要尽可能快速和廉价地安装太阳能电池板，所以他们不太考虑如何处理电池板下的环境。他们往往会在下面放一些碎石，而且用除草剂除草，这给环境带来了破坏。所以B项"安装太阳能电池板的消极影响"符合题意。
2.C 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"InSPIRE is investigating...to the land"可知，InSPIRE项目正在寻求对环境影响小的发展太阳能的方式，力求做到"对土地友好"。所以C项"使太阳能项目环保"符合题意。
3.A 理解具体信息 明题意：本题问"第四段中提到的法律的目的是什么 "→做推断：根据第四段第二句可知，有超过28个州通过了与传粉昆虫栖息地保护和杀虫剂使用有关的法律→定答案：所以A项"保护传粉昆虫"符合题意。
4.D 理解主旨要义(标题判断) 文章第一、二段主要指出目前存在的问题：太阳能电池板对环境尤其是农业环境的消极影响。第三段给出了解决方案：建立和经营对土地更友好的太阳能农场。第四、五段介绍了传粉昆虫友好型太阳能农场建设的积极影响。所以纵观全文，关键词应该是solar farms，所以D项是最佳选项。
【易错点拨】
A项是比较容易误选的干扰项，因为文章后半部分有很大篇幅专注于pollinators。但是从全文的角度看，pollinators是solar farms这个关键词下的次要关键词，不足以统领全文。
【解析】 在每年有近8亿人挨饿的世界上，"食物浪费违背了道德准则"。令人瞠目结舌的是，很多很好的食物被扔掉了——从"丑陋"(但还可以吃)的被食品杂货店店主丢弃的蔬菜，到大量没食用就被扔进餐馆垃圾桶的菜肴。作者用种种事例呼吁人们不要浪费食物。
1.B 推断 题干问的是"作者想要通过讲芝麻菜的故事表达什么 "。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第一段。根据第一段的最后一句可知，更糟糕的是，作者不假思索地买了太多；作者本可以用扔掉的芝麻菜做六份沙拉。由此可推知，我们有时会无意中浪费食物。故选B项。
2.B 理解具体信息 题干问的是"根据文本内容，食物浪费的一个后果是什么 "。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第三段。根据第三段第一句可知，生产没人吃的食物会浪费种植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他资源，这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。由此可知，食物浪费的一个后果是环境危害。故选B项。
3.D 理解具体信息 题干问的是"Curtin的公司是做什么的 "。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第四段。根据第四段中的"Curtin is CEO...rotted in fields"可知，该公司回收食物并将其转变为健康食物。去年它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807 500磅的食物，否则这些农产品会在地里腐烂。由此可知，Curtin的公司把一些人们不需要的食物变成可以吃的健康食物。故选D项。
4.A 理解具体信息 题干问的是"Curtin建议人们做什么 "。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的最后一段。根据最后一段中Curtin说的话可知，Curtin建议人们通过仅购买所需食品，以及要求餐馆不提供顾客不吃的配菜来减少食物浪费。故选A项。
【二次精读】
核心单词：mindful adj. 留心的；记住的；警觉的 reject v.拒绝 rot v. 腐烂
核心短语：round out 完成 end up doing sth. 以……而告终 throw out 扔掉 turn sth. into sth.将某物转变为某物
词缀变形：donate v. 捐赠→donation n. 捐赠物
难句分析：Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it.
分析：Producing food是动名词短语作主语，that no one eats是that引导的定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，过去分词短语used to grow it 是the water, fuel, and other resources的后置定语。
译文：生产没人吃的食物会浪费种植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他资源。
【解析】 作者是动物园的饲养员。由于在动物园出生的幼虎死亡率太高，作者决定把两只幼虎带回家看养，全家齐上阵照顾这两只幼虎。幼虎四个月大的时候不再适合圈养了，作者不得不把它们送回动物园。
1.A 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"Globally, a third of Sumatran...care at home"可知，在动物园出生的苏门答腊幼虎死亡率太高，所以作者才把两只幼虎带回家照顾，从而确保它们存活。故A项正确。
2.A 理解词汇 根据第三段尾句可知，这两只幼虎很顽皮，把房间搞得天翻地覆。由此可推知，作者一家人睡觉的时候会把两只幼虎放在大房间里，否则，它们会捣乱。故A项正确。B项"迷路"；C项"酣睡"；D项"思念妈妈"。
3.B 理解具体信息 根据第四段中的"There were...extremely tired"可知，作者认为看养幼虎是令人疲惫的。故B项正确。
4.B 推断 根据第三段和第五段的内容可知,当这两只幼虎长到4个月大时，它们学会了开门和翻篱笆。由此可推知，很难再把它们圈养起来，所以作者决定把它们送回动物园。故B项正确。
【解析】 艺术家Benjamin Von Wong关注塑料污染导致的环境问题，他用回收而来的废旧塑料制品创作雕塑作品，以期唤起人们对塑料制品的关注，提高人们对改善环境问题的参与意识。
1.C 理解具体信息 根据第一段的最后一句"He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products"可知，艺术家Von Wong制作雕塑的目的是迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系，即关注塑料废弃物造成的问题。
2.A 推断 根据第三段的内容，尤其是其中的"Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution...because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled"可知，全球仅有9%的塑料废弃物被回收利用，而且作者特别说明了塑料吸管因为小和轻而无法被回收。由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论塑料吸管的问题是为了说明塑料吸管回收的困难。故选A。
3.B 推断 根据第四段的内容可知，通过2018年的一件作品，Von Wong想要说明一项明确的数据：每60秒就有一卡车的塑料进入海洋。为了这件名为"Truckload of Plastic"的作品，Von Wong和一群志愿者收集了一万多件塑料，然后这些塑料被捆到一起，就像它们是一起从卡车上倒下来的一样。这一作品直观展现了塑料污染的严重性，会令人不安，故选B。disturbing"令人不安的，令人震惊的"。
4.D 理解主旨要义(标题判断) 通览全文可知，作者讲述了艺术家Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作雕塑以期唤起人们对环保问题的关注的事迹，因此最佳标题为D。
【二次精读】
词汇积累：massive adj.巨大的；大而重的；结实的 cleanup n. 清扫；扫除 recycle v. 回收利用；再利用 make a difference 有影响，有关系 by no means 绝不 come under fire 受到严厉批评
熟词生义：pressure 常用义：n.压力；挤压
The pressure on doctors is increasing steadily. 医生的压力越来越大。
文章义：v.逼迫；使迫不得已
They’re pressuring him to make a decision. 他们在逼迫他做出决定。
难句分析：For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic," Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
分析：titled "Truckload of Plastic,"作this work的后置定语，相当于which was titled "Truckload of Plastic,"；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰more than 10,000 pieces of plastic，该定语从句中的like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once是表语从句。
译文：为了这件名为"Truckload of Plastic"的作品，Von Wong和一群志愿者收集了一万多件塑料，然后这些塑料被捆到一起，就像它们是一起从卡车上倒下来的一样。
Passage 1
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops(June 19 & July 10)
Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19 Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10–Wildflowers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
1.Which of the four programs begins the earliest
A.Photography Workshops.
B.Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C.Canyon Talks at Artist Point.
D.Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
2.What is the short talk at Artist Point about
A.Works of famous artists.
B.Protection of wild animals.
C.Basic photography skills.
D.History of the canyon area.
3.Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop
A.Artist Point.
B.Washburn Trailhead.
C.Canyon Village Store.
D.Visitor Education Center.
Passage 2
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of "We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while" was assigned the categories "sitting at beach"and "listening to waves."
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a "nature language" began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown
during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
"We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it," said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
1.What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text
A.Pocket parks are now popular. B.Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C.Many cities are overpopulated. D.People enjoy living close to nature.
2.Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories
A.To compare different types of park-goers. B.To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C.To analyze the main features of the park. D.To find patterns in the visitors’summaries.
3.What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5
A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C.The same nature experience takes different forms.
D.The nature language enhances work performance.
4.What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn
A.Language study. B.Environmental conservation.
C.Public education. D.Intercultural communication.
Passage 3
According to the Solar Energy Industries Association, the number of solar panels installed (安装) has grown rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
"Solar projects need to be good neighbors," says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE) project. "They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the agricultural economy." InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to "low-impact" solar development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities —and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. "These pollinator-friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape," says Macknick.
1.What do solar developers often ignore
A.The decline in the demand for solar energy. B.The negative impact of installing solar panels.
C.The rising labor cost of building solar farms. D.The most recent advances in solar technology.
2.What does InSPIRE aim to do
A.Improve the productivity of local farms. B.Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C.Make solar projects environmentally friendly. D.Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
3.What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4
A.To conserve pollinators. B.To restrict solar development.
C.To diversify the economy. D.To ensure the supply of energy.
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B.Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C.InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D.Solar Farms: A New Development
Passage 4
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula(芝麻菜) was to make a nice green salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, "food waste goes against the moral grain," as Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from "ugly" (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, "if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world."
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my arugula story all the time — but for him, it’s more like 12 boxes of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished(有瑕疵的) produce that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries
Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. "Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat," Curtin says.
1.What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story
A.We pay little attention to food waste.
B.We waste food unintentionally at times.
C.We waste more vegetables than meat.
D.We have good reasons for wasting food.
2.What is a consequence of food waste according to the text
A.Moral decline. B.Environmental harm.
C.Energy shortage. D.Worldwide starvation.
3.What does Curtin’s company do
A.It produces kitchen equipment. B.It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C.It helps local farmers grow fruits. D.It makes meals out of unwanted food.
4.What does Curtin suggest people do
A.Buy only what is needed. B.Reduce food consumption.
C.Go shopping once a week. D.Eat in restaurants less often.
Passage 5
I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs (幼兽) that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don’t make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.
I’ve got two children — the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving — but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn’t worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they’d get up to mischief. We’d come down in the morning to find they’d turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up "tiger milk", washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren’t there.
I’m not sad about it. I’m hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time that we had them.
1.Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home
A.To ensure their survival.
B.To observe their differences.
C.To teach them life skills.
D.To let them play with his kids.
2.What do the underlined words "get up to mischief" mean in paragraph 3
A.Behave badly. B.Lose their way.
C.Sleep soundly. D.Miss their mom.
3.What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home
A.Boring. B.Tiring. C.Costly. D.Risky.
4.Why did the author decide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo
A.They frightened the children.
B.They became difficult to contain.
C.They annoyed the neighbours
D.They started fighting each other.
Passage 6
You’ve heard that plastic is polluting the oceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 million tonnes enter ocean ecosystems every year. But does one plastic straw or cup really make a difference Artist Benjamin Von Wong wants you to know that it does. He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called "Strawpocalypse," a pair of 10-foot-tall plastic waves, frozen mid-crash. Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution, but they’ve recently come under fire because most people don’t need them to drink with and, because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled. Every straw that’s part of Von Wong’s artwork likely came from a drink that someone used for only a few minutes. Once the drink is gone, the straw will take centuries to disappear.
In a piece from 2018, Von Wong wanted to illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 seconds, a truckload’s worth of plastic enters the ocean. For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic," Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
1.What are Von Wong’s artworks intended for
A.Beautifying the city he lives in.
B.Introducing eco-friendly products.
C.Drawing public attention to plastic waste.
D.Reducing garbage on the beach.
2.Why does the author discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3
A.To show the difficulty of their recycling.
B.To explain why they are useful.
C.To voice his views on modern art.
D.To find a substitute for them.
3.What effect would "Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers
A.Calming. B.Disturbing. C.Refreshing. D.Challenging.
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Artists’Opinions on Plastic Safety
B.Media Interest in Contemporary Art
C.Responsibility Demanded of Big Companies
D.Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures
Passage 1
【解析】 本文主要介绍了美国黄石国家公园的四个护林员项目。
1.D 理解具体信息 对比四个项目的时间信息可知，Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone是最早开始的(May 26)。故D项正确。
2.D 理解具体信息 根据Canyon Talks at Artist Point部分中的"while learning about the area’s natural and human history"及本段最后的"for this short talk"可知，这个简短的演讲是关于Canyon这个地方的历史的。故D项正确。
3.B 理解具体信息 根据Photography Workshops部分中的"7/10...meet at Washburn Trailhead"可知，7月10日参加者要在这里碰面。故B项正确。
【解析】 作者通过对一项新的研究结果及其过程的描述，向读者介绍了与大自然互动对人类健康的重要性，同时也指出要保护大自然。
1.B 理解具体信息 题干问的是在文章开头作者描述的是什么现象。根据第一段中的"access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find"(城市居民越来越难以接触大自然)以及"it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild"(在一个城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕见的)可知，在城市里很难接触大自然。故B项正确。
2.D 推断 题干问的是研究人员将参与者提交的文件分类的原因。根据第四段第一句话"Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories...began to emerge"(在320份提交的材料中，一种被研究人员称为"自然语言"的类别模式开始出现)可知，研究人员这样做是为了从访客的总结材料中找出类别规律。故D项正确。
3.C 推断 题干问的是我们从第五段所举的例子中可以学到什么。根据第五段所举的例子"the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying...a fountain on their lunch break"可知，年轻的职业人士周末可以在公园徒步旅行，周内可以沿着喷泉散步，用不同的形式去体验自然，即同样的与自然的互动体验会有不同的表现形式。故C项正确。
4.B 理解具体信息 题干问的是在我们与大自然互动之前，我们应该做些什么。根据最后一段Kahn的话 "And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it"(为了实现这一点，我们还需要保护自然，以便与之互动)可知，我们在与大自然互动以前需要保护自然，故B项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词：access n.通道，通路，入径；(使用或见到的)机会，权利 submission n.提交(或呈递)的文件、建议等；(向法官提出的)看法，意见 established adj.已确立的，已获确认的，确定的 domestic adj.本国的，国内的；家用的；享受家庭乐趣的 generate vt.产生，引起
核心短语：focus on专注于，关注 take part in参加，参与
熟词生义：balloon 常用义：n.气球，热气球 文章义：vi.(突然)膨胀，涨大
The sheet flapped and ballooned in the wind.被单在风中飘动，被吹得鼓鼓的。
难句分析：Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities (that are most satisfying and meaningful to them).
译文：命名每一种自然体验都会创造出一种可用的语言，这种语言帮助人们识别并参与对他们来说非常满意、非常有意义的活动。
【解析】 随着太阳能的普及，越来越多的太阳能电池板被安装在各个社区，这不可避免地给环境，尤其是农业环境，带来消极影响。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据第二段内容可知，太阳能开发者们想要尽可能快速和廉价地安装太阳能电池板，所以他们不太考虑如何处理电池板下的环境。他们往往会在下面放一些碎石，而且用除草剂除草，这给环境带来了破坏。所以B项"安装太阳能电池板的消极影响"符合题意。
2.C 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"InSPIRE is investigating...to the land"可知，InSPIRE项目正在寻求对环境影响小的发展太阳能的方式，力求做到"对土地友好"。所以C项"使太阳能项目环保"符合题意。
3.A 理解具体信息 明题意：本题问"第四段中提到的法律的目的是什么 "→做推断：根据第四段第二句可知，有超过28个州通过了与传粉昆虫栖息地保护和杀虫剂使用有关的法律→定答案：所以A项"保护传粉昆虫"符合题意。
4.D 理解主旨要义(标题判断) 文章第一、二段主要指出目前存在的问题：太阳能电池板对环境尤其是农业环境的消极影响。第三段给出了解决方案：建立和经营对土地更友好的太阳能农场。第四、五段介绍了传粉昆虫友好型太阳能农场建设的积极影响。所以纵观全文，关键词应该是solar farms，所以D项是最佳选项。
【易错点拨】
A项是比较容易误选的干扰项，因为文章后半部分有很大篇幅专注于pollinators。但是从全文的角度看，pollinators是solar farms这个关键词下的次要关键词，不足以统领全文。
【解析】 在每年有近8亿人挨饿的世界上，"食物浪费违背了道德准则"。令人瞠目结舌的是，很多很好的食物被扔掉了——从"丑陋"(但还可以吃)的被食品杂货店店主丢弃的蔬菜，到大量没食用就被扔进餐馆垃圾桶的菜肴。作者用种种事例呼吁人们不要浪费食物。
1.B 推断 题干问的是"作者想要通过讲芝麻菜的故事表达什么 "。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第一段。根据第一段的最后一句可知，更糟糕的是，作者不假思索地买了太多；作者本可以用扔掉的芝麻菜做六份沙拉。由此可推知，我们有时会无意中浪费食物。故选B项。
2.B 理解具体信息 题干问的是"根据文本内容，食物浪费的一个后果是什么 "。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第三段。根据第三段第一句可知，生产没人吃的食物会浪费种植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他资源，这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。由此可知，食物浪费的一个后果是环境危害。故选B项。
3.D 理解具体信息 题干问的是"Curtin的公司是做什么的 "。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的第四段。根据第四段中的"Curtin is CEO...rotted in fields"可知，该公司回收食物并将其转变为健康食物。去年它通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807 500磅的食物，否则这些农产品会在地里腐烂。由此可知，Curtin的公司把一些人们不需要的食物变成可以吃的健康食物。故选D项。
4.A 理解具体信息 题干问的是"Curtin建议人们做什么 "。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的最后一段。根据最后一段中Curtin说的话可知，Curtin建议人们通过仅购买所需食品，以及要求餐馆不提供顾客不吃的配菜来减少食物浪费。故选A项。
【二次精读】
核心单词：mindful adj. 留心的；记住的；警觉的 reject v.拒绝 rot v. 腐烂
核心短语：round out 完成 end up doing sth. 以……而告终 throw out 扔掉 turn sth. into sth.将某物转变为某物
词缀变形：donate v. 捐赠→donation n. 捐赠物
难句分析：Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it.
分析：Producing food是动名词短语作主语，that no one eats是that引导的定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，过去分词短语used to grow it 是the water, fuel, and other resources的后置定语。
译文：生产没人吃的食物会浪费种植食物所消耗的水、燃料和其他资源。
【解析】 作者是动物园的饲养员。由于在动物园出生的幼虎死亡率太高，作者决定把两只幼虎带回家看养，全家齐上阵照顾这两只幼虎。幼虎四个月大的时候不再适合圈养了，作者不得不把它们送回动物园。
1.A 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"Globally, a third of Sumatran...care at home"可知，在动物园出生的苏门答腊幼虎死亡率太高，所以作者才把两只幼虎带回家照顾，从而确保它们存活。故A项正确。
2.A 理解词汇 根据第三段尾句可知，这两只幼虎很顽皮，把房间搞得天翻地覆。由此可推知，作者一家人睡觉的时候会把两只幼虎放在大房间里，否则，它们会捣乱。故A项正确。B项"迷路"；C项"酣睡"；D项"思念妈妈"。
3.B 理解具体信息 根据第四段中的"There were...extremely tired"可知，作者认为看养幼虎是令人疲惫的。故B项正确。
4.B 推断 根据第三段和第五段的内容可知,当这两只幼虎长到4个月大时，它们学会了开门和翻篱笆。由此可推知，很难再把它们圈养起来，所以作者决定把它们送回动物园。故B项正确。
【解析】 艺术家Benjamin Von Wong关注塑料污染导致的环境问题，他用回收而来的废旧塑料制品创作雕塑作品，以期唤起人们对塑料制品的关注，提高人们对改善环境问题的参与意识。
1.C 理解具体信息 根据第一段的最后一句"He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products"可知，艺术家Von Wong制作雕塑的目的是迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品的关系，即关注塑料废弃物造成的问题。
2.A 推断 根据第三段的内容，尤其是其中的"Just 9% of global plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by no means the biggest source(来源) of plastic pollution...because of their small size and weight, they cannot be recycled"可知，全球仅有9%的塑料废弃物被回收利用，而且作者特别说明了塑料吸管因为小和轻而无法被回收。由此可推知，作者在第三段讨论塑料吸管的问题是为了说明塑料吸管回收的困难。故选A。
3.B 推断 根据第四段的内容可知，通过2018年的一件作品，Von Wong想要说明一项明确的数据：每60秒就有一卡车的塑料进入海洋。为了这件名为"Truckload of Plastic"的作品，Von Wong和一群志愿者收集了一万多件塑料，然后这些塑料被捆到一起，就像它们是一起从卡车上倒下来的一样。这一作品直观展现了塑料污染的严重性，会令人不安，故选B。disturbing"令人不安的，令人震惊的"。
4.D 理解主旨要义(标题判断) 通览全文可知，作者讲述了艺术家Von Wong用塑料垃圾制作雕塑以期唤起人们对环保问题的关注的事迹，因此最佳标题为D。
【二次精读】
词汇积累：massive adj.巨大的；大而重的；结实的 cleanup n. 清扫；扫除 recycle v. 回收利用；再利用 make a difference 有影响，有关系 by no means 绝不 come under fire 受到严厉批评
熟词生义：pressure 常用义：n.压力；挤压
The pressure on doctors is increasing steadily. 医生的压力越来越大。
文章义：v.逼迫；使迫不得已
They’re pressuring him to make a decision. 他们在逼迫他做出决定。
难句分析：For this work, titled "Truckload of Plastic," Von Wong and a group of volunteers collected more than 10,000 pieces of plastic, which were then tied together to look like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once.
分析：titled "Truckload of Plastic,"作this work的后置定语，相当于which was titled "Truckload of Plastic,"；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰more than 10,000 pieces of plastic，该定语从句中的like they’d been dumped(倾倒) from a truck all at once是表语从句。
译文：为了这件名为"Truckload of Plastic"的作品，Von Wong和一群志愿者收集了一万多件塑料，然后这些塑料被捆到一起，就像它们是一起从卡车上倒下来的一样。