2024年高中高考英语复习（新教材新高考）阅读理解之猜测词义题（课件共50张PPT）

(共50张PPT)
阅读理解之猜测词义
2024
授课：×××
01
考情分析
02
知识构建
03
真题研析
04
核心提炼
目录
CONTENTS
05
题型特训
阅读理解之猜测词义题
PART ONE
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考情分析
分析2021-2023年新高考有关猜测词义题的考向分布。
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考情分析
分析2021-2023年新高考有关猜测词义题的考向分布。
2022 2022·新高考I卷 What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7 猜测单词的意思
2022·全国高考乙卷 29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to 猜测单词的意思
2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷 24．What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2 猜测短语的意思
2022·全国甲卷 28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2 猜测短语的意思
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考情分析
分析2021-2023年新高考有关猜测词义题的考向分布。
2021 2021·英语全国甲卷 29. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean 猜测单词的意思
2021年新高考I卷之C篇 29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph 猜测单词的意思
2021年全国乙卷之B篇 25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean 猜测单词的意思
2021年新高考II卷之B篇 25. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3 猜测短语的意思
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考情分析
考点要求 考题统计 考情分析
猜测单词的意思 3年8考 【命题规律】
根据新高考三年的考情分析，猜测词义题主要集中考查：猜测单词意思、猜测短语意思。有时猜测句子和代词的意思。
【命题预测】
2024年高考还会考查猜测词义题，以猜测单词和短语意思为主，兼顾代词和句子的意思。
猜测短语的意思 3年5考 猜测句子的意思 3年0考 猜测代词的意思 3年0考
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知识构建
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知识构建
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真题研析·规律探寻
考向1 考查猜测单词意思
1.（2023 新高考全国Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C篇节选）
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable,before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
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Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
(　)29.What does the underlined word“declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
【答案】A　
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.”可知,这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。由此推知,画线词所在句意为“第一部分通过介绍我建议的采用这一哲学的方法:数字清理进行了总结”,因此画线词的含义为“清理”。
真题研析·规律探寻
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2.(2023年1月 浙江卷·阅读理解C篇节选)
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
29．What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Arguments. B．Doubts. C．Errors. D．Differences.
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【答案】 29．C
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Project Debater的软件程序。
29．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.(尽管Project Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“will no doubt be ironed out(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和errors意思相近，故选C。
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真题研析·规律探寻
考向2 考查猜测短语的意思
1.（2023 新高考全国Ⅱ卷·阅读理解C）
In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
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(　)30.What do the underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2 mean
A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform.
【答案】A　
【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线部分前文“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments…”可知,这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的,但它们记录了一些我们都能“relate to”的时刻。再根据第二段中的“We see scenes of children learning to …”可推知,这些场景我们都很熟悉,因此也能理解,故画线部分“relate to”意为“理解”。故选A项。
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2.（2023年1月 浙江卷·阅读理解B）
Live with roommates Have friends and family around you Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
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24．What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph
A．Share an apartment with you.
B．Join you in what you’re doing.
C．Transform your way of living.
D．Help you to make the decision.
【答案】24．B
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【解析】猜测短语意思题。根据划线部分前文“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动。由此推知，划线词组jump on that bandwagon与Join you in what you’re doing.(加入你正在做的事情)意思接近。故选B。
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考向3 考查猜测句子的含义
（2019 浙江卷·阅读理解C篇）
Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need."
People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic(社会经济的)backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片段)shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board.
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真题研析·规律探寻
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
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“After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”
24. What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean
A. Money spent without hesitation.
B. Money not legally made.
C. Money offered without conditions.
D. Money not tied together.
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【答案】C
【文章大意】文章介绍了Tyler Bridges 所发动的一个项目，让有善心的人捐助钱财，让需要的人自取钱财，而这个项目的宗旨就在于让人们能够互相帮助。
【解析】句意理解题。根据下文的故事并结合第一段板上写的言语“Give what you can. Take what you need”可知，这里的钱是可以随意拿取的，并不附带任何条件，故选C。
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考向4 考查猜测代词的意思
（2020 新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C 节选）
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
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His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that．Hence this book, Chasing the Sea：Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
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9．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Developing a serious mental disease.
B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.
C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.
D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea.
【答案】D　【解析】考查猜测代词词义。代词that常用来指代上文提到的事情，因此推断此处that指代第一段的内容，再根据Hence this book, Chasing the Sea：Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia可知，这本书出现了，因此可以判断“that”指代第一段提到的to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea, Mr Bissell的本意是写一篇文章，结果却写成了一本书。故选D。
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核心提炼·考向探究
阅读理解之猜测词义考点的必备知识：
一、命题规律：
1．命题规律：词义猜测题旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或句子的本意或外义的能力。
2．考查类型：主要考查单词或短语词义猜测题、代词指代题、句意理解题。
3．考查趋势：主要考查在一定语境中猜测生僻词汇的意思。
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二、 常用的解题方法 1. 如何猜测单词的意思
（1）常见的设问方式：
①What do the underlined words “......” mean in paragraph 7
②What does “......” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
③ The word "......" in paragraph 2 means _________
④What do the underlined words “......” probably mean
（2）解题技巧：
①“上下文语境”猜词义：根据上下文语境暗示，如下定义、举例、重述等线索，猜测生词含义。
②“背景常识”猜词义：利用日常生活和文化背景相关的常识可以准确猜测句中生词的含义。
③“逻辑关系”猜词义：利用3种逻辑关系词前后的词语确定画线词含义。
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核心提炼·考向探究
2. 如何猜测代词的意思
代词指代题——“就近原则”猜代词
在文章中，为了避免语意的重复和啰嗦，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。在文章的具体语境中常出现的代词有it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事it/he/them/they/one/those可指代前面内容提到的人或事。
（1） 猜测代词意思的设问方式
①What does “this” refer to in the second paragraph
②What does the underlined “those” in paragraph 3 refer to
③What does “That” underlined in paragraph 5 probably mean
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（2）解题方法：
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核心提炼·考向探究
3. 如何猜测短语的含义
（1）常见的设问方式：
①What do the underlined phrase “......” mean in paragraph 2
②Which of the following best explains “......” underlined in paragraph 2
③What do the underlined phrase “......” mean in paragraph 3
④What do the underlined phrase "......" refer to in the last paragraph
（2）解题技巧：
猜测短语题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述来猜测它的意思或利用文章中所出现的与短语意思相反的内容来猜测其语意。
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4. 如何猜测句子的意思（1）常见的设问方式：
①The underlined part "......" in Para. 2 probably means ______.
②By saying “......” in Para. 2, the author means _______.
③What do the words “......” in paragraph 1 probably mean
④What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean
（2）解题技巧
句意理解题通常需要考生理解的是一个具有概括性的句子或是考查考生对谚语、格言警句等的理解，要求考生通过上下文的情景暗示及文章的主题思想来判断句意，只有紧密结合语境，才能既理解相应的字面意思，也理解相应的深层含义。
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题型特训·命题预测
【2024年高考命题预测】
根据高考考情分析2024年高考将主要考查：（1）猜测单词的意思（2）猜测短语的意思（3）猜测代词的意思（4）猜测句子的意思。
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预测考向1 考查猜测单词的意思
1.（2024·浙江省金丽衢十二校高三上学期第一次联考·阅读理解B节选）
The one thing that truly makes me feel comfortable and alleviates loneliness is making friends and engaging in conversation. At Tsinghua University, where I pursued my studies in China, I made friends with many Chinese young people and relished spending time with them, be it for meals or leisure activities. I’ve been delighted to sing Chinese songs, for example, those by the famous Chinese singer Jay Chou, with my friends. I would also sing well-known Japanese songs, such as Lemon, which, as it turns out, is very popular in China. I felt that connecting with my Chinese peers through a shared passion, such as singing, was incredibly enjoyable and beautiful. It transcended language barriers and fostered a sense of unity and joy that was truly special.
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5．What does the underlined word “relished” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Advocated. B．Enjoyed. C．Postponed. D．Avoided.
【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“I made friends with many Chinese young people and”以及后文“spending time with them, be it for meals or leisure activities.”可知，作者结交了许多中国年轻人的朋友，并享受与他们一起吃饭或休闲活动的时间。故划线词意思是“享受”。故选B。
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2.（2024·浙江省Z20名校第二次联考）Two days before school let out for the three-week Christmas holiday, I read a story to the class. It was the story of “The Littlest Angel”. This little angel had an awful time in heaven. He could not adjust to the routine. He was always in trouble, bumping into other angels, tripping over clouds or dropping his halo. Nothing seemed to make his time easier until one celestial day an archangel suggested that the little angel take some items with him. Just a few things to remind him of his good old days, which might be of some help.
As I read the story, a complete silence fell over the class as each child became more involved in the plight of the angel. Everyone was sympathetic for his misfortune, including David.
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25．What does the underlined part “the plight” refer to
A．The past time. B．The promising future.
C．The awful situation. D．The daily routine.
【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“This little angel had an awful time in heaven. He could not adjust to the routine. He was always in trouble, bumping into other angels, tripping over clouds or dropping his halo.(这个小天使在天堂过得很糟糕。他不能适应这种例行公事。他总是遇到麻烦，撞到其他天使，被云绊倒，或者掉下他的光环。)”可知，小天使在天堂上遇到很多的麻烦，境遇很糟糕，结合划线单词前的“As I read the story, a complete silence fell over the class as each child became more involved in…(当我读到这个故事的时候，全班鸦雀无声，每个孩子都更加关注着……。)”可知，作者读完小天使的故事，孩子们都关注着的应是小天使的“困境”，由此可知，划线单词的意思应与“困境”意义相近。故选C项。
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题型特训·命题预测
预测考向2 考查猜测短语的含义
1.（2024河北省石家庄市普通高中教学质量摸底检测·阅读理解节选）
Asch found that one-third of real participants gave the same wrong answers as the confederates at least half the time. Forty percent gave some wrong answers, and only one-fourth gave correct answers in defiance of the pressure to conform to the wrong answers provided by the group.
What does the underlined part “in defiance of” in paragraph 6 mean
A．In spite of. B．For fear of. C．In response to. D．On account of.
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【答案】A
【解析】短语猜测题。根据第六段的“Asch found that one-third of real participants gave the same wrong answers as the confederates at least half the time. Forty percent gave some wrong answers (Asch发现，三分之一的真实参与者至少有一半的时间给出了与同伙相同的错误答案。40%的人给出了一些错误的答案)”可知，这是在描述受到压力影响的人给出的答案，再由only一词可知，接下来谈的应该是不顾压力影响的人给出的答案，因此，划线短语意为“无视，不顾”。故选A。
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02
2.（2024·重庆市南开中学校高三上学期12月期中质量检测·阅读理解节选）
Some parents like my father have the gift of opening doors for their children. This art of adding dimensions to a child brings the reward: the marvelous moment when the spark bursts into a flame that will burn brightly on its own one day. At a Golf Association tournament, a ten-year-old girl played creditably. “How long have you been interested in golf ” someone asked. “I got it for my ninth birthday,” she said.“ Your father gave you a set of clubs ” “No,” she said, “he gave me golf.”
What do the underlined words “adding dimensions to” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Setting an example for. B．Broadening the horizons of.
C．Providing attentive care for. D．Narrowing the possibilities of.
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【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句话“Some parents like my father have the gift of opening doors for their children. (像我父亲这样的一些父母有为孩子敞开大门的天赋)”以及划线短语后面的句子“the marvelous moment when the spark bursts into a flame that will burn brightly on its own one day(当火花爆发成火焰的奇妙时刻，总有一天会自行燃烧)”可知，有些父母在生活中有一种天赋，就是为孩子们敞开大门，开阔他们的视野。给孩子开阔视野就像一簇火花，在将来总有一天会爆发成火焰。所以划线短语的意思为“开阔视野”。故选B。
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题型特训·命题预测
预测考向3 考查猜测句子的意思
1.（2024·浙江省台州市高三上学期第一次教学质量评估·阅读理解D）
“As with all things, the secret to managing your finances like an adult is a constant strive for balance,” Waters says. “Have fun along the way, but don’t let the tail wag the dog.”
35．What do the underlined words “don’t let the tail wag the dog” in the last paragraph mean
A．Don’t bite the hand that feeds you.
B．Don’t put the cart before the horse.
C．Don’t do one thing under the cover of another
D．Don’t count the chicken before they are hatched.
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【答案】B
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“As with all things, the secret to managing your finances like an adult is a constant strive for balance(与所有事情一样，像成年人一样管理财务的秘诀是不断努力保持平衡)”可知，沃特斯说与所有事情一样，像成年人一样管理财务的秘诀是不断努力保持平衡。即不影响让财务影响自己的生活，而是应该努力保持财务平衡，即“不要本末倒置”。故划线句意思是“不要本末倒置”。故选B。
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2.（2024·浙江省诸暨市高三上学期12月诊断性考试·阅读理解C节选）
“Data year over year does tend to shift. So one year is not the be all, end all,” said Matson. “But what is really important is the trend. And since the baseline of 2018 to 2020, we’re going in the wrong direction.”
29．How do you understand the underlined sentence by Matson
A．It is normal that data changes sharply
B．The assessment is far from accurate.
C．Emphasis should be put on the trend.
D．To have a clear goal in place matters.
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【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段“Data year over year does tend to shift.”（数据每年都会发生变化。）和“But what is really important is the trend.”（但真正重要的是趋势。）可知，数据每年都会发生变化，所以一年的数据并不重要，真正重要的是趋势，所以应该把重点放在趋势上，故划线句表示“应该把重点放在趋势上”。故选C。
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预测考向4 考查猜测代词的意思
1.（2024·浙江省9 1高中联盟高三上学期11月期中·阅读理解B节选）
“I was in the ICU. I’d been told I’d be released the next day. The worst, it seemed, was behind me.” Jake Ryan didn’t know it at the time, but the worst was not totally behind him. After his open heart surgery, he was about to enter a different and difficult journey on the road to physical and emotional recovery.
24．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph l refer to
A．That he was sent to the ICU.
B．That he had got past the worst things.
C．That he would go through a tough recovery.
D．That he would be discharged from the hospital.
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【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据后文“After his open heart surgery, he was about to enter a different and difficult journey on the road to physical and emotional recovery.(在他的心脏直视手术后，他即将进入一段不同的、艰难的身体和情感恢复之路)”可知，it代指后文提到的他会经历一段艰难的康复期。故选C项。
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02
2.（2024 广东省江门市高三上学期11月大联考·阅读理解节选）
We cannot underestimate the impact loneliness can have on our physical and mental wellbeing. According to research, loneliness has comparable health risks to smoking 15cigarettes a day, and people who feel lonely are more likely to die earlier and suffer from heart attacks. Dr. Lalitaa says, “People often say to me, ‘It’s too late to meet new people as an adult.’ Having human connect ion can look different for each person, but this can become a block, stopping them going out, trying new things and connecting with new people. Remember, it is never too late to make good, meaningful connections.”
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What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．Lack of appealing reward.
B．Dependence on the network.
C．The regret for the passing youth.
D．The idea of being too late for new relations.
【答案】D
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【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段中“People often say to me, ‘ It’s too late to meet new people as an adult.’ Having human connect ion can look different for each person, but this can become a block, stopping them going out, trying new things and connecting with new people.(“人们经常对我说，‘作为一个成年人，现在结识新朋友已经太晚了。“人与人之间的联系对每个人来说可能看起来都不一样，但这可能会成为一个障碍，阻止他们出门、尝试新事物、与新人交往。”)”可推知，this指人们认为的成年人再去结交人太晚了这一观点。故选D。
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