人教版（2019） 选择性必修 第二册 Unit 1 Science and Scientists Learning About Language 分层作业(含答案)
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UNIT1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
Learning About Language 分层作业
(
基础巩固
)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Mr. Johnson,what’s your (think) on the question put forward at the meeting
2.In the 1960s, a German scientist made a remarkable (find) when observing honeybees.
3. (initial), the computer system worked well, but then we met some challenges.
4.It is reported that the house price in some cities has decreased 10% in the past several years.
5.As a matter of fact, you shouldn’t blame others your failure.
Ⅱ.根据语境翻译短语、判断加黑单词的词性和词义
1.I subscribe to the view that children benefit from being independent. 翻译
2. As a sports fan, I subscribed to several sports channels on TV last year. 翻译
3.Three prisoners were sharing one small cell 3 metres by 2 metres. 词性 词义
4.As yet, they have no solid/concrete evidence, so they have to release the suspect.
词 性 词 义 ; 词 性 词 义 ; 词 性
词义
Ⅲ.单句语法专练
1.This is my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
2.The best moment for the football star was he scored the
winning goal.
3.By boat is the only way to gethere, which is we arrived.
4.The number of snakes had declined. He realized that it was
there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the heat.
5.Chinese New Year is an important celebration. This is decorating rooms with plants, fruits and flowers carries special significance.
6.Making a full-length clay( 黏 土 ) figure would not exhaust my
strength—and that is I intend to do! (2020 天津)
7.My first impression of the organization was it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.(2021 北京)
Ⅳ.结合本单元语法点完成句子
1.然而,问题是这是不是发展中国家最需要的东西。
However, this is what the developing countries need most.
2.她看上去好像对此一无所知。其实不然。
She appeared she nothing about it. In fact that was not the case.
3.我的建议是,如果你想上你理想的大学,你应该从现在开始努力学习。 My advice is that from now on if you want to go to your ideal university.
能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2021 河北石家庄二中月考)
The history of microbiology begins with a Dutch cloth maker named Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, a man of no formal scientific education. In the late 1600s, Leeuwenhoek, inspired by the magnifying lenses( 放大的镜
片 ) he used to examine cloth, built some of the first microscopes. He developed a technique to improve the quality of tiny, rounded lenses, some of which could magnify an object up to 270 times. After removing some plaque(牙斑) from between his teeth and examining it under a lens, Leeuwenhoek found tiny twisting creatures, which he called “animalcules” .
His observations, which he reported to the Royal Society of London, are among the first descriptions of microbes. Leeuwenhoek discovered an entire universe invisible to the human eye. He found different microbes in samples of pond water, rain water, and human blood. He gave the first description of red blood cells, observed plant tissue, examined muscle, and investigated the life cycle of insects.
Nearly two hundred years later, Leeuwenhoek’s discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his “theory of disease”. This concept suggested that disease originates from germs attacking and weakening the body. Pasteur’s theory later helped doctors to fight infectious diseases including anthrax, diphtheria,
polio, smallpox, tetanus, and typhoid. All these breakthroughs were the result of Leeuwenhoek’s original work. Leeuwenhoek did not foresee this legacy.
In a 1716 letter, Leeuwenhoek described his contribution to science this way:“My work, which I’ve done for a long time, was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy. It was chiefly from a strong desire for knowledge, which I notice resides in me more than in most other men. And therefore, whenever I found out anything remarkable, I have thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper, so that the scientific community might be informed thereof.”
1.Which of the following best describes Leeuwenhoek
A.A trained researcher with an interest in microbiology.
B.A curious amateur(业余爱好者) who made pioneer studies of microbes.
C.A talented scientist interested in finding a cure for disease.
D.A bored cloth maker who accidentally made a major discovery.
2.What does the underlined phrase “this legacy” in Paragraph 3 refer to A.The discovery of microbes.
B.Pasteur’s theory of disease.
C.Leeuwenhoek’s contribution.
D.The origin of the tiny organism.
3.What does the quote from Leeuwenhoek’s letter suggest
A.He admitted that many of his discoveries happened by chance.
B.He considered his work to be central to later medical breakthroughs.
C.He was greatly concerned with improving people’s living conditions. D.He believed the sharing of knowledge was a key to scientific progress.
4.What is the correct order of the following events
a.Magnifying lenses were built.
b.The “theory of disease” was put forward.
c.Microbes were discovered in samples of waters.
d.Leeuwenhoek’s first microscopes were successfully developed. e.Leeuwenhoek explained his thoughts upon his own contribution.
A.a-d-c-e-b. B.d-a-c-e-b.
C.a-d-c-b-e. D.d-a-e-b-c.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2022 福建三明一中月考,)
There was a science fiction story telling about a very gifted scientist. He learned the art of reproducing many copies of himself after a lot of practice. He did it so 1 that it was impossible to tell the reproduction from the original.
There were some people who were against him and 2 him so much that they would order a killer to kill him, but the scientist didn’t
want to die. One day, he 3 that someone was searching for him. “It must be the killer,” he thought. In order to remain 4 , he had already reproduced multiple copies of himself. Then he 5 himself among these reproductions.
In the lab, the killer was at a 6 to know which was the real scientist. Then he said, “Sir, I’ve discovered a small 7 in your work.” Hearing this, the scientist immediately 8 and shouted,“It’s 9 ! My work is perfect! Where is the fault ” “Right here,” said the killer. Then he 10 the scientist.
The scientist’s whole plan 11 and he lost his 12 because he couldn’t control himself. At the same time, he had a(n) 13 weakness—pride. In fact, patience and modesty are good qualities which will help us be calm and act 14 when we have to complete difficult tasks. Next time before making a 15 , be modest and patient and think twice.
1.A.bravely B.slowly
C.perfectly D.confidently
2.A.feared B.supported
C.admired D.warned
3.A.noticed B.remembered
C.expected D.imagined
4.A.proud B.special
C.alive D.awake
5.A.hid B.protected
C.discovered D.reminded
6.A.risk B.time
C.loss D.chance
7.A.secret B.benefit
C.mistake D.surprise
8.A.ran away B.jumped up
C.calmed down D.fell down
9.A.impossible B.unnecessary
C.reasonable D.interesting
10.A.followed B.caught
C.passed D.invited
11.A.failed B.appeared
C.remained D.succeeded
12.A.dream B.work
C.memory D.life
13.A.excellent B.obvious
C.strange D.similar
14.A.silently B.quickly
C.honestly D.wisely
15.A.promise B.suggestion
C.decision D.comment
Ⅲ. 语法填空(2021 河北邢台月考)
When it comes to U.S. middle school science and engineering, girls rule.Girls took the top five prizes at the 2019 Broadcom MASTERS, a competition for middle school students across the country. The winners 1 (announce) last month. The champion was 14-year-old brilliant Alaina Gassler who designed 2 system to make driving safer by decreasing the number of blind spots, the areas that drivers cannot see outside their vehicles, 3 lead to about 840,000 accidents a year nationwide.
Alaina’s system helps drivers see “through” the A-frame pillar ( 支
柱), the part of the vehicle at the front that 4 (join) the top and front window, which is important for safety and cannot be removed. Alaina used a camera 5 (help) drivers look “through” the structure to see what is blocked. The camera sends a video to a device that shows 6 (image) on the other side of the pillar. The driver then can see what is 7 the blind spot.
Alaina said she was so 8 (surprise) when she heard her name called as the winner. She received a $25,000 prize for her 9 (invent) and told Popular Mechanics that she would make improvements to her device with the money. Alaina said she wanted to improve the picture, 10 (make) it easy to see in any kind of weather, or at any time of a day.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅳ.书面表达(2022 湖北黄冈月考)
屠呦呦为社会发展做出了巨大的贡献,你身为一名高中生,要向她 学习,立志做一个对社会有用的人。请你就此写一篇演讲稿,要点如
下:
1.介绍屠呦呦的主要成就——带领团队发现了青蒿素,获得诺贝
尔生理学或医学奖;
2.提倡学生学习她身上优良的精神品质,如坚定、有耐心、不放弃
等;
3.号召学生树立远大理想,做一个对社会有用的人。
注意:词数 80 左右。
参考词汇:青蒿素 artemisinin;疟疾 malaria
答案解析
Ⅰ.1.thinking 考查名词。设空处前有形容词性物主代词 your,故此处应用名词 thinking,表示“见
解”。
2.finding 考查名词。由设空处前的 a German scientist(主语)和 made(谓语)可知设空处作宾
语, 由前面的不定冠词 a 可知应填名词 finding,意为“发现”。
3.Initially 考查副词。设空处置于句首,在句中作状语,修饰整个句子,应用副词 Initially,意为
“最初”。
4.by 考查介词。此处指某些城市的房价在过去几年里下降了 10%,表示“ 下降了 ……”,用
decrease by... 。故填 by。
5.for 考查介词。blame sb. for sth.意为“把某事归咎于某人”。故填介词 for。此处指你不应
该把你的失败归咎于其他人。
Ⅱ.1.同意 2.定期订购 3.名词;牢房 4.形容词;可靠的 形容词;确实的,具体的 名词;嫌疑
犯
Ⅲ.1.what my father has taught me 是表语从句,设空处在从句中作 taught 的直接宾语, 且此处表示“父亲教我的道理”,故填 what。
2.when 句意:对这个足球明星来说,最好的时刻是他踢进决胜球的时刻。 he scored the
winning goal 是表语从句,结合句意可知设空处在从句中作时间状语,故填 when。
3.how 句意:乘船是到达这里的唯一途径,这就是我们如何到达 (这里)的。 we arrived
是表语从句,结合句意可知设空处在从句中作方式状语,表示“如何”,故填 how。
4.because 句意:蛇的数量减少了。他意识到这是因为没有足够的树木来保护它们免受高温 的侵袭。 there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the heat 是表语从句,结合句意 可知此处表示“这是因为 ……”,故填 because。
5.why 句意: 中国新年是一个重要的庆祝活动。这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰房间 具 有 特 殊 意 义 。 decorating rooms with plants, fruits and flowers carries special
significance 是表语从句,结合句意可知此处表示“这就是为什么 ……” 。故填 why。
6.what I intend to do 是表语从句,且设空处在表语从句中作 do 的宾语,指“… … 的事 情”,故填 what。
7.that 句意:我对该组织的第一印象是,它不会对我心目中的计划产生足够的影响。 it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind 是表语从句,从句成分
完整,且结合句意可知设空处无词义,故用 that 引导该表语从句。
Ⅳ.1.the question is whether 2.as if/though;had known
3.you should study hard
Ⅰ.本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了安东尼 ·列文虎克制作显微镜的过程以及他对微生物学
做出的贡献和他本人对自己的贡献的看法。
1.B 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 中 的 “a Dutch cloth maker”“a man of no formal scientific education”和第二段中的“His observations...are among the first descriptions of microbes.”可知,列
文虎克是一个求知欲强的业余爱好者,他对微生物进行了开创性的研究。故选 B。
易错归因
本题容易误选 D 项,需要注意的是 D 项中的 bored 是一个带有感彩的形容词,但在文
章中无从体现。
2.C 词义猜测题。 this legacy 前面说到 Louis Pasteur 的“theory of disease”和这个理论帮助 医生们战胜感染性疾病的突破,所有的这些都源自列文虎克的贡献,但是他并没有预见到这些,
由此推知,画线词指的是“列文虎克的贡献” 。故选 C。
3.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“whenever I found out...be informed thereof”可知,每当列 文虎克发现任何值得注意的事情时,他都认为他有责任把他的发现写在纸上, 以便让科学界知 道。由此可推知, 引用的列文虎克的信中的话表明他相信分享知识是科学进步的关键。故选 D。
4.A 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,事件的正确顺序是 a-d-c-e-b。
易错归因
本题容易误选 C 项,混淆的关键点在于 b 和 e 谁先出现的,需要注意的是虽然文章是在第 三段讲到“theory of disease”,在第四段说到列文虎克解释了他对自己贡献的想法,但是要注意 这两者发生的时间,“theory of disease”是在近两百年之后提出来的,这远远要比 1716 年列文虎
克解释他对自己贡献的想法靠后。
【高频词汇】
1.invisible adj.看不见的;隐形的;无形的 2.investigate v.研究;调查 3.original adj.最早的;起
初的;原来的
4.foresee v.预见 5.contribution n.贡献;促成作用;捐款 6.remarkable adj. 引人注目的;奇异的;
非凡的;显著的
7.accidentally adv.偶然地;意外地 8.put forward 提出
【差距词汇】
1.animalcule n.极微动物 2.legacy n. 由先人流传下来的东西(或问题);遗产 3.reside in...存在
于 ……
长难句分析 本句是一个主从复合句。句中 whenever 引导时间状语从句;so that 引导目的状 语从句; have thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper 中的 it 作形式宾语,真正的
宾语是后面的不定式短语。
译文 因此,每当我发现了任何不同寻常的东西,我都认为我有责任把我的发现在纸上写下来,
以便让科学界由此知道。
Ⅱ.本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了一位科学家研发了一项复制自己的技术。但是他由于太过
骄傲失去理性,被杀手抓住而付出了生命的代价。
1.C 根据下文“it was impossible to tell the reproduction from the original”可知,他做得很完美,
以致无法分辨复制品和原作。故选 C。
2.A 根 据 上 段 中 的 “He learned the art of reproducing many copies of himself after a lot of practice.” 以及空格后的“order a killer to kill him”可知,他学会了复制自己的技术,这让人们很害
怕, 以至于有人要派杀手杀他。故选 A。
3.A 根据下文“It must be the killer”可知,他注意到有人找他,所以他猜测那是要杀他的人。故
选 A。
4.C 根据上文“but the scientist didn’t want to die”可知,此处表示他不想死,他仍想活下去。故
选 C。
5.A 根据空格后的“among these reproductions”及下段中的“which was the real scientist”可知,
他把自己隐藏于那些复制品中,所以杀手不知道哪个是真的他。故选 A。
6.C 上文说到为了活着,他复制了很多个自己并藏于其中,杀手不知道哪个是真的他,所以此
处表示杀手不知所措。 at a loss 不知所措。故选 C。
7.C 根据下文“Where is the fault ”可知,杀手指出他的作品有错误。故选 C。
8.B 上文提到杀手说科学家的作品有错误,下文科学家大喊“My work is perfect!Where is the
fault ”可知他情绪激动,所以此处应是他立即跳了起来。故选 B。
9.A 根据下文“My work is perfect!Where is the fault ”可知,此处表示科学家反驳杀手,说自己
的作品很完美,有错误是不可能的。故选 A。
10.B 根据上文“Right here”可知,此处表示杀手抓到了科学家。故选 B。
11.A 上文提到科学家被抓到,显然他的整个计划失败了。故选 A。
12.D 根据上文有人雇杀手杀科学家可知,科学家被杀手抓住后失去了生命。故选 D。
13.B 上文提到当杀手说科学家的作品有错误时,他不相信,仍说自己的作品很完美,说明他
自负的这个弱点是很明显的。故选 B。
14.D 有耐心和谦虚是良好的品质,可以帮我们保持冷静,并明智地行动。故选 D。
15.C 根据空后“be modest and patient and think twice”可知,此处表示在作决定之前,我们要谦
虚、有耐心、再三考虑。
【高频词汇】
1.original n.原作,原件 adj.原来的;独创的 2.at a loss 不知所措 3.immediately adv.立即;马上 4.quality n. 品德 , 人品 , 素质;特征 5.complete v. 完成;结束 6.modest adj.谦虚的 ; 谦逊的
7.comment n.评论
【熟词生义】
tell v.分辨,辨认
长难句分析 本句是一个并列复合句。句中连词 but 连接有转折关系的两个并列分句。在第 一个分句中,关系代词 who 引导定语从句,该定语从句中又包含一个由 so...that... 引导的结果状
语从句。
译文 有一些人反对他,非常害怕他, 以至于他们将命令一个杀手去杀死他,但这位科学家不
想死。
Ⅲ.本文是一篇新闻报道。Alaina 发明了一个系统,赢得了博通大师赛的冠军。文章对她的获
奖项目以及她获奖后想做的事情做了介绍。
1.were announced 考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。“获奖者” 与“ 宣布”之间为被动关系, 应用被动语态;根据句中的时间状语 last month 可知应用一般过去时;主语为 The winners,谓语
动词应用复数形式。故填 were announced。
2.a 考查冠词。此处指冠军是 14 岁的聪颖的 Alaina Gassler,她设计了一个通过减少盲区数 量来提高驾驶安全性的系统。system 在此处第一次出现,表泛指,应用不定冠词,system 以辅音
音素开头,故填 a。
3.which 考查定语从句的引导词。设空处无提示词, 且前面有逗号 , lead to about 840,000 accidents a year nationwide 中缺少主语,此处指盲区指的是司机看不到的车外的区域, 这些盲区每年导致全国范围内约 84 万起事故,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰指
物的先行词 blind spots,故用关系代词 which。
4.joins 考查动词的时态及主谓一致。此处描述一般事实,应用一般现在时,设空处前的 that
引导定语从句,修饰先行词 the part of the vehicle,设空处作从句的谓语,关系词 that 代替先行词
在从句中作主语,所以谓语动词用单数形式,故填 joins。
5.to help 考查动词不定式。 use sth. to do sth.意为“用某物来做某事”,故填 to help。
6.images 考查名词复数。此处指展示支柱另一侧影像的设备,image 意为“影像”,由语境可知
此处表示复数含义。故填 images。
7.in 考查介词。此处指然后司机就可以看到什么在盲区里。in the blind spot 表示“在盲区
里”,故填 in。
8.surprised 考查形容词。由设空处前的 she(主语)和 was(系动词)可知此处应用形容词作表
语,且主语为人(she 指 Alaina),故用 surprised,表示“(人)感到吃惊的”。
9.invention 考查名词。由设空处前的形容词性物主代词 her 可知此处应填名词 invention 。 10.making 考查现在分词。该句中,said 后面的宾语从句中已有谓语,故此处应用非谓语动词; 此处表示她想改善画面,使它在任何天气或一天中的任何时间都容易看清楚,make 与其逻辑
主语 she 之间为主动关系,此处应用现在分词作状语。故填 making。
【高频词汇】
1.competition n. 比赛;竞争,角逐 2.champion n.冠军;第一名;优胜者 3.remove v.移开;拿开;去
除
4.block v.阻挡;妨碍 5.image n.影像,镜像;形象;画像
长难句分析 本句是一个主从复合句。 who 引导定语从句,修饰先行词 Alaina Gassler;the areas...outside their vehicles 是 blind spots 的同位语, 其中 that 引导定语从句,修饰先行词 the
areas;which 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 blind spots。
译文 冠军是 14 岁的聪颖的 Alaina Gassler,她设计了一个通过减少盲区数量来提高驾驶安全 性的系统,盲区指的是司机看不到的车外的区域,这些盲区每年导致全国范围内约 84 万起事
故。
Ⅳ.One possible version:
Dear students, As we all know, Tu Youyou has made great contributions to our society. We should learn from her. Tu Youyou, along with her research team, made the discovery of artemisinin, which is a crucial new treatment for malaria. And she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. Besides, she shows many good qualities. For example, she is committed and patient. Even in the face of failure, she never gives up. In conclusion, she is an admirable scientist and inspires us to set big goals and help develop our society some day.
Learning About Language 分层作业
(
基础巩固
)
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Mr. Johnson,what’s your (think) on the question put forward at the meeting
2.In the 1960s, a German scientist made a remarkable (find) when observing honeybees.
3. (initial), the computer system worked well, but then we met some challenges.
4.It is reported that the house price in some cities has decreased 10% in the past several years.
5.As a matter of fact, you shouldn’t blame others your failure.
Ⅱ.根据语境翻译短语、判断加黑单词的词性和词义
1.I subscribe to the view that children benefit from being independent. 翻译
2. As a sports fan, I subscribed to several sports channels on TV last year. 翻译
3.Three prisoners were sharing one small cell 3 metres by 2 metres. 词性 词义
4.As yet, they have no solid/concrete evidence, so they have to release the suspect.
词 性 词 义 ; 词 性 词 义 ; 词 性
词义
Ⅲ.单句语法专练
1.This is my father has taught me—to always face difficulties and hope for the best.
2.The best moment for the football star was he scored the
winning goal.
3.By boat is the only way to gethere, which is we arrived.
4.The number of snakes had declined. He realized that it was
there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the heat.
5.Chinese New Year is an important celebration. This is decorating rooms with plants, fruits and flowers carries special significance.
6.Making a full-length clay( 黏 土 ) figure would not exhaust my
strength—and that is I intend to do! (2020 天津)
7.My first impression of the organization was it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.(2021 北京)
Ⅳ.结合本单元语法点完成句子
1.然而,问题是这是不是发展中国家最需要的东西。
However, this is what the developing countries need most.
2.她看上去好像对此一无所知。其实不然。
She appeared she nothing about it. In fact that was not the case.
3.我的建议是,如果你想上你理想的大学,你应该从现在开始努力学习。 My advice is that from now on if you want to go to your ideal university.
能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2021 河北石家庄二中月考)
The history of microbiology begins with a Dutch cloth maker named Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, a man of no formal scientific education. In the late 1600s, Leeuwenhoek, inspired by the magnifying lenses( 放大的镜
片 ) he used to examine cloth, built some of the first microscopes. He developed a technique to improve the quality of tiny, rounded lenses, some of which could magnify an object up to 270 times. After removing some plaque(牙斑) from between his teeth and examining it under a lens, Leeuwenhoek found tiny twisting creatures, which he called “animalcules” .
His observations, which he reported to the Royal Society of London, are among the first descriptions of microbes. Leeuwenhoek discovered an entire universe invisible to the human eye. He found different microbes in samples of pond water, rain water, and human blood. He gave the first description of red blood cells, observed plant tissue, examined muscle, and investigated the life cycle of insects.
Nearly two hundred years later, Leeuwenhoek’s discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his “theory of disease”. This concept suggested that disease originates from germs attacking and weakening the body. Pasteur’s theory later helped doctors to fight infectious diseases including anthrax, diphtheria,
polio, smallpox, tetanus, and typhoid. All these breakthroughs were the result of Leeuwenhoek’s original work. Leeuwenhoek did not foresee this legacy.
In a 1716 letter, Leeuwenhoek described his contribution to science this way:“My work, which I’ve done for a long time, was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy. It was chiefly from a strong desire for knowledge, which I notice resides in me more than in most other men. And therefore, whenever I found out anything remarkable, I have thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper, so that the scientific community might be informed thereof.”
1.Which of the following best describes Leeuwenhoek
A.A trained researcher with an interest in microbiology.
B.A curious amateur(业余爱好者) who made pioneer studies of microbes.
C.A talented scientist interested in finding a cure for disease.
D.A bored cloth maker who accidentally made a major discovery.
2.What does the underlined phrase “this legacy” in Paragraph 3 refer to A.The discovery of microbes.
B.Pasteur’s theory of disease.
C.Leeuwenhoek’s contribution.
D.The origin of the tiny organism.
3.What does the quote from Leeuwenhoek’s letter suggest
A.He admitted that many of his discoveries happened by chance.
B.He considered his work to be central to later medical breakthroughs.
C.He was greatly concerned with improving people’s living conditions. D.He believed the sharing of knowledge was a key to scientific progress.
4.What is the correct order of the following events
a.Magnifying lenses were built.
b.The “theory of disease” was put forward.
c.Microbes were discovered in samples of waters.
d.Leeuwenhoek’s first microscopes were successfully developed. e.Leeuwenhoek explained his thoughts upon his own contribution.
A.a-d-c-e-b. B.d-a-c-e-b.
C.a-d-c-b-e. D.d-a-e-b-c.
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2022 福建三明一中月考,)
There was a science fiction story telling about a very gifted scientist. He learned the art of reproducing many copies of himself after a lot of practice. He did it so 1 that it was impossible to tell the reproduction from the original.
There were some people who were against him and 2 him so much that they would order a killer to kill him, but the scientist didn’t
want to die. One day, he 3 that someone was searching for him. “It must be the killer,” he thought. In order to remain 4 , he had already reproduced multiple copies of himself. Then he 5 himself among these reproductions.
In the lab, the killer was at a 6 to know which was the real scientist. Then he said, “Sir, I’ve discovered a small 7 in your work.” Hearing this, the scientist immediately 8 and shouted,“It’s 9 ! My work is perfect! Where is the fault ” “Right here,” said the killer. Then he 10 the scientist.
The scientist’s whole plan 11 and he lost his 12 because he couldn’t control himself. At the same time, he had a(n) 13 weakness—pride. In fact, patience and modesty are good qualities which will help us be calm and act 14 when we have to complete difficult tasks. Next time before making a 15 , be modest and patient and think twice.
1.A.bravely B.slowly
C.perfectly D.confidently
2.A.feared B.supported
C.admired D.warned
3.A.noticed B.remembered
C.expected D.imagined
4.A.proud B.special
C.alive D.awake
5.A.hid B.protected
C.discovered D.reminded
6.A.risk B.time
C.loss D.chance
7.A.secret B.benefit
C.mistake D.surprise
8.A.ran away B.jumped up
C.calmed down D.fell down
9.A.impossible B.unnecessary
C.reasonable D.interesting
10.A.followed B.caught
C.passed D.invited
11.A.failed B.appeared
C.remained D.succeeded
12.A.dream B.work
C.memory D.life
13.A.excellent B.obvious
C.strange D.similar
14.A.silently B.quickly
C.honestly D.wisely
15.A.promise B.suggestion
C.decision D.comment
Ⅲ. 语法填空(2021 河北邢台月考)
When it comes to U.S. middle school science and engineering, girls rule.Girls took the top five prizes at the 2019 Broadcom MASTERS, a competition for middle school students across the country. The winners 1 (announce) last month. The champion was 14-year-old brilliant Alaina Gassler who designed 2 system to make driving safer by decreasing the number of blind spots, the areas that drivers cannot see outside their vehicles, 3 lead to about 840,000 accidents a year nationwide.
Alaina’s system helps drivers see “through” the A-frame pillar ( 支
柱), the part of the vehicle at the front that 4 (join) the top and front window, which is important for safety and cannot be removed. Alaina used a camera 5 (help) drivers look “through” the structure to see what is blocked. The camera sends a video to a device that shows 6 (image) on the other side of the pillar. The driver then can see what is 7 the blind spot.
Alaina said she was so 8 (surprise) when she heard her name called as the winner. She received a $25,000 prize for her 9 (invent) and told Popular Mechanics that she would make improvements to her device with the money. Alaina said she wanted to improve the picture, 10 (make) it easy to see in any kind of weather, or at any time of a day.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅳ.书面表达(2022 湖北黄冈月考)
屠呦呦为社会发展做出了巨大的贡献,你身为一名高中生,要向她 学习,立志做一个对社会有用的人。请你就此写一篇演讲稿,要点如
下:
1.介绍屠呦呦的主要成就——带领团队发现了青蒿素,获得诺贝
尔生理学或医学奖;
2.提倡学生学习她身上优良的精神品质,如坚定、有耐心、不放弃
等;
3.号召学生树立远大理想,做一个对社会有用的人。
注意:词数 80 左右。
参考词汇:青蒿素 artemisinin;疟疾 malaria
答案解析
Ⅰ.1.thinking 考查名词。设空处前有形容词性物主代词 your,故此处应用名词 thinking,表示“见
解”。
2.finding 考查名词。由设空处前的 a German scientist(主语)和 made(谓语)可知设空处作宾
语, 由前面的不定冠词 a 可知应填名词 finding,意为“发现”。
3.Initially 考查副词。设空处置于句首,在句中作状语,修饰整个句子,应用副词 Initially,意为
“最初”。
4.by 考查介词。此处指某些城市的房价在过去几年里下降了 10%,表示“ 下降了 ……”,用
decrease by... 。故填 by。
5.for 考查介词。blame sb. for sth.意为“把某事归咎于某人”。故填介词 for。此处指你不应
该把你的失败归咎于其他人。
Ⅱ.1.同意 2.定期订购 3.名词;牢房 4.形容词;可靠的 形容词;确实的,具体的 名词;嫌疑
犯
Ⅲ.1.what my father has taught me 是表语从句,设空处在从句中作 taught 的直接宾语, 且此处表示“父亲教我的道理”,故填 what。
2.when 句意:对这个足球明星来说,最好的时刻是他踢进决胜球的时刻。 he scored the
winning goal 是表语从句,结合句意可知设空处在从句中作时间状语,故填 when。
3.how 句意:乘船是到达这里的唯一途径,这就是我们如何到达 (这里)的。 we arrived
是表语从句,结合句意可知设空处在从句中作方式状语,表示“如何”,故填 how。
4.because 句意:蛇的数量减少了。他意识到这是因为没有足够的树木来保护它们免受高温 的侵袭。 there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the heat 是表语从句,结合句意 可知此处表示“这是因为 ……”,故填 because。
5.why 句意: 中国新年是一个重要的庆祝活动。这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰房间 具 有 特 殊 意 义 。 decorating rooms with plants, fruits and flowers carries special
significance 是表语从句,结合句意可知此处表示“这就是为什么 ……” 。故填 why。
6.what I intend to do 是表语从句,且设空处在表语从句中作 do 的宾语,指“… … 的事 情”,故填 what。
7.that 句意:我对该组织的第一印象是,它不会对我心目中的计划产生足够的影响。 it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind 是表语从句,从句成分
完整,且结合句意可知设空处无词义,故用 that 引导该表语从句。
Ⅳ.1.the question is whether 2.as if/though;had known
3.you should study hard
Ⅰ.本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了安东尼 ·列文虎克制作显微镜的过程以及他对微生物学
做出的贡献和他本人对自己的贡献的看法。
1.B 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 中 的 “a Dutch cloth maker”“a man of no formal scientific education”和第二段中的“His observations...are among the first descriptions of microbes.”可知,列
文虎克是一个求知欲强的业余爱好者,他对微生物进行了开创性的研究。故选 B。
易错归因
本题容易误选 D 项,需要注意的是 D 项中的 bored 是一个带有感彩的形容词,但在文
章中无从体现。
2.C 词义猜测题。 this legacy 前面说到 Louis Pasteur 的“theory of disease”和这个理论帮助 医生们战胜感染性疾病的突破,所有的这些都源自列文虎克的贡献,但是他并没有预见到这些,
由此推知,画线词指的是“列文虎克的贡献” 。故选 C。
3.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“whenever I found out...be informed thereof”可知,每当列 文虎克发现任何值得注意的事情时,他都认为他有责任把他的发现写在纸上, 以便让科学界知 道。由此可推知, 引用的列文虎克的信中的话表明他相信分享知识是科学进步的关键。故选 D。
4.A 推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,事件的正确顺序是 a-d-c-e-b。
易错归因
本题容易误选 C 项,混淆的关键点在于 b 和 e 谁先出现的,需要注意的是虽然文章是在第 三段讲到“theory of disease”,在第四段说到列文虎克解释了他对自己贡献的想法,但是要注意 这两者发生的时间,“theory of disease”是在近两百年之后提出来的,这远远要比 1716 年列文虎
克解释他对自己贡献的想法靠后。
【高频词汇】
1.invisible adj.看不见的;隐形的;无形的 2.investigate v.研究;调查 3.original adj.最早的;起
初的;原来的
4.foresee v.预见 5.contribution n.贡献;促成作用;捐款 6.remarkable adj. 引人注目的;奇异的;
非凡的;显著的
7.accidentally adv.偶然地;意外地 8.put forward 提出
【差距词汇】
1.animalcule n.极微动物 2.legacy n. 由先人流传下来的东西(或问题);遗产 3.reside in...存在
于 ……
长难句分析 本句是一个主从复合句。句中 whenever 引导时间状语从句;so that 引导目的状 语从句; have thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper 中的 it 作形式宾语,真正的
宾语是后面的不定式短语。
译文 因此,每当我发现了任何不同寻常的东西,我都认为我有责任把我的发现在纸上写下来,
以便让科学界由此知道。
Ⅱ.本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了一位科学家研发了一项复制自己的技术。但是他由于太过
骄傲失去理性,被杀手抓住而付出了生命的代价。
1.C 根据下文“it was impossible to tell the reproduction from the original”可知,他做得很完美,
以致无法分辨复制品和原作。故选 C。
2.A 根 据 上 段 中 的 “He learned the art of reproducing many copies of himself after a lot of practice.” 以及空格后的“order a killer to kill him”可知,他学会了复制自己的技术,这让人们很害
怕, 以至于有人要派杀手杀他。故选 A。
3.A 根据下文“It must be the killer”可知,他注意到有人找他,所以他猜测那是要杀他的人。故
选 A。
4.C 根据上文“but the scientist didn’t want to die”可知,此处表示他不想死,他仍想活下去。故
选 C。
5.A 根据空格后的“among these reproductions”及下段中的“which was the real scientist”可知,
他把自己隐藏于那些复制品中,所以杀手不知道哪个是真的他。故选 A。
6.C 上文说到为了活着,他复制了很多个自己并藏于其中,杀手不知道哪个是真的他,所以此
处表示杀手不知所措。 at a loss 不知所措。故选 C。
7.C 根据下文“Where is the fault ”可知,杀手指出他的作品有错误。故选 C。
8.B 上文提到杀手说科学家的作品有错误,下文科学家大喊“My work is perfect!Where is the
fault ”可知他情绪激动,所以此处应是他立即跳了起来。故选 B。
9.A 根据下文“My work is perfect!Where is the fault ”可知,此处表示科学家反驳杀手,说自己
的作品很完美,有错误是不可能的。故选 A。
10.B 根据上文“Right here”可知,此处表示杀手抓到了科学家。故选 B。
11.A 上文提到科学家被抓到,显然他的整个计划失败了。故选 A。
12.D 根据上文有人雇杀手杀科学家可知,科学家被杀手抓住后失去了生命。故选 D。
13.B 上文提到当杀手说科学家的作品有错误时,他不相信,仍说自己的作品很完美,说明他
自负的这个弱点是很明显的。故选 B。
14.D 有耐心和谦虚是良好的品质,可以帮我们保持冷静,并明智地行动。故选 D。
15.C 根据空后“be modest and patient and think twice”可知,此处表示在作决定之前,我们要谦
虚、有耐心、再三考虑。
【高频词汇】
1.original n.原作,原件 adj.原来的;独创的 2.at a loss 不知所措 3.immediately adv.立即;马上 4.quality n. 品德 , 人品 , 素质;特征 5.complete v. 完成;结束 6.modest adj.谦虚的 ; 谦逊的
7.comment n.评论
【熟词生义】
tell v.分辨,辨认
长难句分析 本句是一个并列复合句。句中连词 but 连接有转折关系的两个并列分句。在第 一个分句中,关系代词 who 引导定语从句,该定语从句中又包含一个由 so...that... 引导的结果状
语从句。
译文 有一些人反对他,非常害怕他, 以至于他们将命令一个杀手去杀死他,但这位科学家不
想死。
Ⅲ.本文是一篇新闻报道。Alaina 发明了一个系统,赢得了博通大师赛的冠军。文章对她的获
奖项目以及她获奖后想做的事情做了介绍。
1.were announced 考查动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。“获奖者” 与“ 宣布”之间为被动关系, 应用被动语态;根据句中的时间状语 last month 可知应用一般过去时;主语为 The winners,谓语
动词应用复数形式。故填 were announced。
2.a 考查冠词。此处指冠军是 14 岁的聪颖的 Alaina Gassler,她设计了一个通过减少盲区数 量来提高驾驶安全性的系统。system 在此处第一次出现,表泛指,应用不定冠词,system 以辅音
音素开头,故填 a。
3.which 考查定语从句的引导词。设空处无提示词, 且前面有逗号 , lead to about 840,000 accidents a year nationwide 中缺少主语,此处指盲区指的是司机看不到的车外的区域, 这些盲区每年导致全国范围内约 84 万起事故,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰指
物的先行词 blind spots,故用关系代词 which。
4.joins 考查动词的时态及主谓一致。此处描述一般事实,应用一般现在时,设空处前的 that
引导定语从句,修饰先行词 the part of the vehicle,设空处作从句的谓语,关系词 that 代替先行词
在从句中作主语,所以谓语动词用单数形式,故填 joins。
5.to help 考查动词不定式。 use sth. to do sth.意为“用某物来做某事”,故填 to help。
6.images 考查名词复数。此处指展示支柱另一侧影像的设备,image 意为“影像”,由语境可知
此处表示复数含义。故填 images。
7.in 考查介词。此处指然后司机就可以看到什么在盲区里。in the blind spot 表示“在盲区
里”,故填 in。
8.surprised 考查形容词。由设空处前的 she(主语)和 was(系动词)可知此处应用形容词作表
语,且主语为人(she 指 Alaina),故用 surprised,表示“(人)感到吃惊的”。
9.invention 考查名词。由设空处前的形容词性物主代词 her 可知此处应填名词 invention 。 10.making 考查现在分词。该句中,said 后面的宾语从句中已有谓语,故此处应用非谓语动词; 此处表示她想改善画面,使它在任何天气或一天中的任何时间都容易看清楚,make 与其逻辑
主语 she 之间为主动关系,此处应用现在分词作状语。故填 making。
【高频词汇】
1.competition n. 比赛;竞争,角逐 2.champion n.冠军;第一名;优胜者 3.remove v.移开;拿开;去
除
4.block v.阻挡;妨碍 5.image n.影像,镜像;形象;画像
长难句分析 本句是一个主从复合句。 who 引导定语从句,修饰先行词 Alaina Gassler;the areas...outside their vehicles 是 blind spots 的同位语, 其中 that 引导定语从句,修饰先行词 the
areas;which 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 blind spots。
译文 冠军是 14 岁的聪颖的 Alaina Gassler,她设计了一个通过减少盲区数量来提高驾驶安全 性的系统,盲区指的是司机看不到的车外的区域,这些盲区每年导致全国范围内约 84 万起事
故。
Ⅳ.One possible version:
Dear students, As we all know, Tu Youyou has made great contributions to our society. We should learn from her. Tu Youyou, along with her research team, made the discovery of artemisinin, which is a crucial new treatment for malaria. And she was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015. Besides, she shows many good qualities. For example, she is committed and patient. Even in the face of failure, she never gives up. In conclusion, she is an admirable scientist and inspires us to set big goals and help develop our society some day.