名词练习 2024年广东省英语中考总复习（无答案）

名词
知识点 考查题型 具体考查内容
可数名词及 其单、复数 语法选择 (2021)36.bird, birds， bird's, birds'
短文填空 (2023)75.have a good habit of (2021)73.forty－seven letters
不可数名词 短文填空 (2023)74.The invention of (2022)71.hot water
名词所有格 语法选择 (2022)33.teacher, teachers, teacher's
名词辨析 完形填空 (2023)42．air, time， light, water 43．yard，tree, baby， apple 44．job, idea， life, trip (2022)41.fruits, flowers, leaves, vegetables 43．family， class, office, team (2021)44.dreams, problems, discoveries, advantages 45．war, road, space， sports 46．job, test, reply， ticket
专有名词 / /
基础练习
可数名词及其单、复数
1．可数名词单数变复数的规则变化
构成方法 例子
一般情况下，在词尾加－s book→books, map→maps
pen→pens, ruler→rulers
plant→plants, student→students
bird→birds, road→roads
以x，s，ch，sh结尾的名词，加－es bus→buses, box→boxes, watch→watches，dish→dishes
以f或fe结尾的名词，把f或fe变为v，再加－es leaf→leaves, wife→wives, knife→knives
以y结尾的名词 以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，把y变为i，再加－es baby→babies, country→countries
以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，在词尾加－s monkey→monkeys, boy→boys
以o结尾的名词 有生命的加－es tomato→tomatoes, potato→potatoes
无生命的加－s photo→photos, radio→radios, piano→pianos
2.可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化
构成方法 例子
变a为e型 man→men, woman→women, Englishman→Englishmen, Frenchwoman→Frenchwomen
变oo为ee型 foot→feet, tooth→teeth, goose→geese
在词尾加－ren child→children
单、复数形式相同的名词 sheep→sheep, deer→deer, Chinese→Chinese, Japanese→Japanese
3.可数名词的量的表达
注意：对可数名词的数量进行提问时，用how many。
4．其他情况
情况 例子
常以复数形式出现，与谓语动词复数形式连用 glasses, shorts, trousers, clothes …
形式上是复数，意义上是单数，与谓语动词单数形式连用 maths, news …
一些集体名词形式上是单数，意义上是复数 people, police, staff(职员) …
集体名词表示整体/集合体，视作单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数；表示该群体的个体成员，视作复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数 The family is not large．(指家庭整体) The family are all music lovers．(指家庭中的成员)
有些复数形式的名词表示特别的意义 manners(礼仪), times(时代)，drinks(饮料)…
由两个名词组成的复合名词变复数时 一般只将最后一个名词变为复数 some boy players, two bus drivers
如果是man或woman与其所限定的名词，前后两个名词同时变为复数 men drivers，women doctors
提升练习
(　B　)1．Yueyang is one of the top 10 most beautiful in China this year.
A．city B．cities C．citys
2．Frank has more than 500 stamps(stamp).
3．We're going to make vegetable salad．How many tomatoes(tomato) do we need
不可数名词
1．不可数名词的量的表达
不可数名词需要计量时，通常用 “冠词/数词＋计量名词＋of＋不可数名词” 结构来表示，其中计量名词的单复数形式随其前面的冠词/数词而变。如：a glass of water 一杯水；three cups of coffee 三杯咖啡；four pieces of advice四条建议。常见的量词短语有：a box of 一盒……；a bottle of 一瓶……；a cup of 一杯……；a piece of一片/张/块……
※拓展
用法 常见限定词
只能修饰不可数名词的限定词 a little; little; much；a bit of；a large amount of；a good/great deal of
既能修饰可数名词又能修饰不可数名词的限定词 a lot of；lots of；plenty of；some/any；all；enough；most
2.常见的不可数名词
物质名词
抽象名词
3．既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的名词
某些名词表示物质或抽象概念时是不可数的，而在表示个体概念时是可数的。如下表：
名词 可数 不可数
chicken 小鸡 鸡肉
glass 玻璃杯 玻璃
orange 橘子 橙汁
paper 报纸； 文件 纸
exercise 练习； 习题 锻炼
fish 鱼的种类/条数 鱼肉
名词 可数 不可数
room 房间 空间
time 次/倍数 时间
wood 树林 木头，木材
work 作品 工作
life 生命 生活
experience 经历 经验
注意： fish作鱼的种类讲时，是可数名词，复数为fishes；作鱼肉讲时，是不可数名词；作鱼的条数讲时，单复数同形，均为fish。
(　C　)4．I'm not hungry at all because I just ate much ．
A．apples B．bananas C．bread
(　B　)5．—Would you like some ？
—Yes, madam.
A．egg B．juice C．milk teas
名词所有格
's 表示有生命的名词的所有格，或表示时间、距离、地点等
单数名词变所有格，只需在词尾加's the teacher's desk, today's paper, my group's idea
复数名词变所有格 以s 结尾的复数名词后只加' students' reading room, five minutes' walk
不以s结尾的复数名词后加's children's toys, men's room
表示共同所有，在最后一个名词后面加's This is James and Dick's room.
表示每个人“各有”，在每个名词后分别加's Jenny's and Mary's rooms face to the south.
表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格等名词的所有格，单数后加's，复数后加' a quarter of an hour's talk twenty miles' trip
表示商铺、某人的家、诊所等时，名词所有格后的名词可以省略 at my grandpa's at a doctor's
of所有格表示无生命的名词的所属关系
the map of the world, the window of the room, the gate of our school, the City of New York
双重所有格
of ＋ 名词's a friend of my mother's, a picture of Lily's
of ＋ 名词性物主代词 two classmates of mine, three cousins of hers
(　A　)6．My parents took me to the amusement park on Day．There were so many exciting things to do there.
A．Children's B．Children C．Child's
7．A friend of mine(我的) will come to visit my family this weekend.
8．We offered to look after our neighbor's(邻居的) dog when she was away．
名词辨析
1．语境辨析
这类考题要求考生运用自己的知识积累和生活经验，根据上下文语境及含义，推测出考题要表达的意思，从而得出正确的答案。
2．近义词辨析
对于含义相近的名词，主要从语法角度区分其不同之处。
(1)sport，game，match与race
①sport指以锻炼为主的“户外运动”。
②game指以胜负为主的“运动；比赛”。
③match意为“竞赛；比赛”，多指正式比赛。
④race意为“赛跑；赛马；赛车”。
(2)festival，holiday与vacation
①festival“节日”，指喜庆的日子。
②holiday“假日；休息日；假期”，指法定假日。
③vacation美式英语“假期”，指一段长时间的休息。
(3)journey，tour，trip与travel
①journey指长途旅行，含辛苦之意。
②tour指短期逗留的旅行、游览、观光等。
③trip指往返定时的短途旅行，如出差、度假等。
④travel指长期或长途的观光旅行。
(4)sound，noise与voice
①sound指各种声音。
②noise主要指“噪音”，特指不悦耳、不和谐的声音。
③voice多指人的“嗓音”，也指鸟鸣声。
(5)message，news与information
①message作可数名词，指通过书写或电话等通信手段留言或发送的消息。
②news作不可数名词，指通过报纸、广播和电视传播的新闻，也可指好消息、坏消息等。
③information作不可数名词，泛指资料、情报、知识信息。
(6)idea，suggestion与advice
①idea“主意”，作可数名词。如：a good idea。
②suggestion“建议”，作可数名词。如：two suggestions。
③advice“建议”，作不可数名词。如：a piece of advice。
(　D　)9．—What's your secret of writing so well
—I read a lot, and the works of Lu Xun had a strong on me as a child.
A．difference B．attention
C．situation D．influence
(　D　)10．Put first and be careful while riding on the road!
A．interest B．money
C．knowledge D．safety
(　A　)11．All in all, with friends is the best medicine for your mental health(心理健康)．Hope my advice can help you.
A．communication B．information
C．instruction
强化训练
名词在语法选择中的运用
★1．名词单复数作主语和宾语——判断名词单数或复数
(2021广东)People could enjoy the scenery(风景) and watch 36 there.
36．A．bird B．birds
C．bird's D．birds'
【思路点拨】根据语境及句意可知，人们可以在那里欣赏风景和观看鸟儿，设空前是动词“watch”，此处表泛指，应用名词复数。故选B。
★2．名词所有格作定语修饰后面的名词
(2022广东)She was her music 33 favorite student.
33．A．teacher B．teachers C．teacher's
【思路点拨】 根据语境可知，她是她的音乐老师最喜欢的学生。设空后是名词短语“favorite student”，所以此处应用名词所有格。故选C。
名词在完形填空中的运用
★1．前后词汇的逻辑关系(含词汇复现)
(2023广东)Little Dora always wanted a sister...．“How can I make 42 go faster I can't wait to see the 43 ．” Dora said to herself while she was sitting in her grandparents' yard one day.
42．A．air B．time
C．light D．water
43．A．yard B．tree
C．baby D．apple
【思路点拨】 根据语境及句意可知，朵拉等不及想看看她那要出生的弟弟或妹妹了。此处指如何让时间过快点？“我”等不及要去看那个婴儿了。“time”与下文的“I can't wait to see”有逻辑关系，“baby”是上文“sister”的词汇复现。故42和43题分别选B和C。
★2．语境推断(根据上下文的语境提示或暗示来推敲答案，切勿脱离文章以自己的主观判断进行选择)
(2023广东)She had a good 44 when she saw the apple tree in the yard．She decided to ...a picture of the tree each day.
44．A．job B．idea
C．life D．trip
【思路点拨】根据下文“She decided to …”可知，她决定做些什么。所以此处指她有了一个好主意。故选B。
名词在短文填空中的运用
★1．熟记常见的不可数名词
(2023广东)The 74 of toothbrushes was not as famous as that of paper－making, but it was very useful in daily life．
【思路点拨】根据句意及下文“paper－making”可知，此处表示牙刷的发明，应用invent的名词形式invention，invention在此处是不可数名词。故填invention。
★2．寻找名词单数的标志词(a，an，one，either，each，every，this，that等)
(2023广东)Today we have a good 75 of brushing teeth．We should thank the ancient Chinese for it.
【思路点拨】根据语境可知，此处指现在我们有了刷牙的好习惯。空前的冠词a提示，此处应填可数名词的单数形式，have a habit of表示“有个……的习惯”。故填habit。
※拓展：名词填空
课后练习
一、单项填空
(　D　)1．(2023天津)People all over the world love pandas, and the panda has become a of China.
A.festival B．poem
C．guest D．symbol
(　C　)2．(2023长春一模)There are paper on the desk．You two can share them.
A．four B．many
C．four pieces of D．a few
(　C　)3．—How far is it from your home to school
—It's about from my home to school.
A．15 minutes walk B．15 minute's walk
C．15 minutes' walk D．15－minutes walk
(　B　)4．—What would you like to buy
— ．
A．Chicken, vegetable and two kilos of rice
B．Chicken, vegetables and two kilos of rice
C．Chickens, vegetable and two kilo of rice
D．Chickens, vegetables and two kilos of rices
(　B　)5．—This room is very big and tidy!
—The room is ．
A．Jim and Tom B．Jim and Tom's
C．Jim's and Tom's D．Jim's and Tom
二、用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空
1．(2023兰州一模)These whales are 43 feet(foot) long, 50 to 70 tons.
2．(2023上海三模) I had hit my head so hard that I began to see stars(star).
3．His parents are Canadians(Canada)．But they need to live and work in the USA.
4．These sheep(sheep) are fed well by the old man．All of them look fat.
5．Why are lots of policemen(policeman) standing over there
三、小语篇特训
(一)语法选择
People in my home town are friendly to each other．They may shake 1 with or smile at each other when they meet for the first 2 ．When they are introduced to someone older, they use nin to show their respect(尊重)．People will serve their visitors at home with 3 ， fruit and snacks．The Spring Festival is the biggest one of all the 4 in my home town．And people celebrate it by having a big meal around a dining table with their 5 ．They'll have lots of meat．Children will enjoy the delicious snacks.
(　C　)1．A．hand B．hands' C．hands
(　A　)2．A．time B．times C．time's
(　A　)3．A．tea B．teas C．tea's
(　B　)4．A．festival B．festivals C．festivals'
(　A　)5．A．family B．family's C．families'
(二)完形填空
(2023合肥一模改编)I planted four small branches before．Over the 1 ， three of them died, only one stayed there．It grew very slowly, so it was short．Then I noticed that it was beginning to die, too．The lower branches were becoming bare(光秃秃的)．The leaves on the main branches had turned brown, and only the 2 of the tree was still green．Last summer, I tried my best to save it, but it was useless.
(　D　)1．A．days B．weeks
C．months D．years
(　B　)2．A．middle B．top
C．bottom D．back
This morning I decided to cut it down．However, when I went over to have a closer 3 ， I noticed something moving in the branches．It was a little 4 ， patiently building its nest in a branch at the top of the tree．I smiled as I looked at it, thinking that maybe the old tree still had some 5 and it was still useful．It may not be healthy or pretty, but it still provides a 6 for birds.
(　A　)3．A．look B．attention
C．road D．space
(　C　)4．A．snake B．dog
C．bird D．bee
(　B　)5．A．time B．life
C．friends D．air
(　D　)6．A．family B．bed
C．room D．home
(三)短文填空(五育之德育)
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词， 每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
name　help　student　picture　story　write　important
If you could meet your past self, what advice would you give to the younger you
In the book Wormhole Letters, Chinese 1．writer Wang Yijia writes 74 letters to himself in the past．Interestingly, he uses “M” and “W” as the 2．names of the two people writing to each other．It's like looking into the mirror to see the reflection of oneself.
The topics of the letters go from pursuing(追求) dreams and accepting failure to the 3．importance of reading and learning．There are many 4．stories of the great minds in human history that are very encouraging．If you feel at a loss about life or the future, you can find strength from those stories.
As a junior high school 5．student， I also find the book to be useful．The life stories of famous people can be used in our writing, which can better support our argument.
四、短文填空
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词， 每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。
have　and　it　water　tourist　when　food　usually　cold　lowest　third　feel
(2023吉安一模改编)Hi! I'm Amanda．I want to introduce some cold places in the world to you．
Verkhoyansk is in the northeast of Russia．There are about 1，430 people there．In January, the average(平均的) temperature there is －13℃ 1．and it stays like that from October to April．2．Its lowest temperature was －32℃ in 1892．So people there 3．usually wear warm hats and coats．They seldom stay outside 4．when it gets really cold．
The 5．lowest temperature in Oymyakon，Russia was －32℃ on February 6, 1933．This village 6．has a population of 500 to 800．It is named after a hot spring．People can get warm 7．water from it after they break the thick ice．People there think it is a great place for people to 8．feel the cold weather．
Because of its low temperature, Hell in Norway has only 1，400 people．But more and more 9．tourists have traveled to Hell recently．They took photos of themselves at the town's train station．Usually people there can see ice anywhere during one 10．third of a year from December to March.