2023-2024学年人教PEP版英语六年级下册小升初英语专项复习：形容词讲义（无答案）

形容词、副词
一、形容词与副词的区别：
形容词是用来修饰或描述名词（或代词），表示人或物的性质、状态和特征的词；
副词是用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义或说明其他形容词或副词程度的词。
考点一：形容词可作定语、表语和宾补
如：Li Lei is a good student.(形容词good修饰名词student，作定语）
The coat is black.（形容词black表示coat的特征，作表语）
考点二：有些形容词只能作表语
常见的表语形容词有：afraid害怕， alone独自的，asleep睡着的，awake醒着的，well健康的，ill生病的，等。
如：He is asleep. The man is ill.
考点三：“动词+宾语+形容词”作宾补
动词think，find，make，feel，believe，consider+宾语+宾补 这种结构里，宾补不可以用副词，而要用形容词。
如： They find the story interesting.
考点四：副词通常用作状语，修饰动词、形容词、副词
如：We are playing happily.(修饰动词playing)
He runs quite slowly.(修饰副词slowly)
考点五：形容词+ly可以变成副词，但以ly结尾的单词不一定是副词。
形容词+ly变副词的规律
许多副词都是在形容词后直接加ly构成的 quick-quickly
以-le结尾的形容词需要去掉e再加y comfortable-comfortably
以-y结尾的形容词把y变i,再加-ly. easy-easily happy-happily
-ly结尾的词有些却是形容词，如：lovely 可爱的 friendly友好的 lonely孤独的
形容词在句中的位置
考点一：单一形容词通常用于名词的前面作定语，系动词后作表语
作定语：She is a famous actress.
作表语：He is a warm-hearted man.
考点二：形容词用来修饰不定代词，要放在这些词的后面
形容词修饰somebody，something，nothing等复合不定代词的时候，则必须放在不定代词之后。
如： I would like something cheaper.
注意：else（别的）要放在疑问代词或复合不定代词之后。
如：What else do you want to buy
考点三：多个形容词作定语时排列的先后顺序
①冠词或人称代词，②数词，③性质，④大小，⑤形状，⑥表示老少，新旧，⑦颜色，⑧质地，国籍用途。
如：The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。
考点四：enough可作形容词或副词，位置不同
enough用作形容词作定语时，可修饰可数名词或不可数名词，一般放在被修饰的名词之前。
如： There are enough seats in this room.
I don’t have enough money to buy this computer.
Enough用作副词时，充当形容词或副词的修饰语，必须后置。
如：He is careful enough to look after little Betty.
副词在句中的位置
考点一：副词作状语的位置
时间副词：一般放在句首或句尾。early, late, before, later等一般放在句尾；already，just一般放在动词的前面。
如： We will visit the Great Wall tomorrow.
They have already been to the UK twice.
频度副词：一般放在be动词之后，行为动词之前。但sometimes, often等还可以放在句首或句末。
如：He is often the first to get to school.
Sometimes I get up early.
地点副词：一般放在句尾。但here，there还可放在句首。
如： The wolf ran away.
疑问副词：用于对句子的状语进行提问，位置总是在句首。
如：When and where were you born
形容词和副词的比较等级变化规则
规则变化
(1)a.单音节和部分双音节的形容词或副词一般在词尾加-er, -est.
long-longer-longest
b.以字母e结尾的，直接加-r,-st.
nice-nicer-nicest cute-cuter-cutest fine-finer-finest
c.以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节形容词、副词，变y为i再加-er, -est.
heavy-heavier-heaviest friendly-friendlier-friendliest
d.重度闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er,-est.
big-bigger-biggest thin-thinner-thinnest
多音节和部分双音节形容词、副词，在原级前加more, most.
popular-more popular-most popularquickly-more quickly-most quickly
由“动词+ed或-ing”构成的形容词，在该形容词前加more, most.
interesting-more interesting-most interesting
excited-more excited-most excited
由“形容词+后缀-ly”构成的副词，在该副词前加more，most.
cheaply-more cheaply-most cheaply
不规则变化
good/well-better-bestbad/ill/badly-worse-worstmany/much-more-most
little-less-leastold-older/elder-oldest/eldest far-farther/further-farthest/furthest
形容词和副词的比较等级的用法
原级用法：
用 “as+形容词/副词原级+as” 表示 “前者和后者一样.....”
Jim draws as well as Sue.
用 “not+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as” 表示 “前者不如后者......”
Jim doesn’t draw as well as Tom.= Tom draws better than Jim.
比较级用法：
“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+乙”或 “甲+实义动词+副词比较级+than+乙”意为 “甲比乙......”
Tom is taller than Kate.
I got up earlier than my mother this morning.
“甲+be+倍数+形容词比较级+than+乙”或 “甲+实义动词+倍数+副词比较级+than+乙”意为 “甲......是乙的几倍”
This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间的面积是那个的三倍大。
“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+......”意为 “甲是两者中教......的”
Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two.
“比较级+and +比较级”或 “more and more+原级(多音节或部分双音节词)”意为 “越来越......”
The day is getting cooler and cooler.
The flowers are more and more beautiful.
“the+比较级，the+比较级”意为 “越......,越......”
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.你越认真，犯的错误就越少。
疑问词+be+形容词比较级，甲or乙？
Which is bigger, Jenny or Danny
疑问词+实义动词+副词比较级，甲or乙？
Who draws better, Jenny or Danny
注意：常见的修饰形容词比较级的前置词
much/a lot/far+形容词比较级，意为 “......得多”
He is feeling a lot better today.他今天感觉好多了。
a bit/ a little+形容词比较级，意为 “稍微......”
Can you come to school a little earlier tomorrow 明天你能早点儿到校吗？
even+形容词比较级，意为 “甚至......”
This book is even more useful than that one.这本书甚至比那本更有用。
最高级的常用句型
“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+in/of短语”意为 “......是......中最......的”。
Tom is the tallest in his class/of the students.Tom是他班上/所有学生当中最高的。
注意：在表示最高级的句子中常含有表示比较范围的in或of.of后一般接表示一群人或事物的代词或名词；in后一般接表示单位或场所的名词。
“主语+实义动词(+the)+副词最高级+in/of短语”意为 “......是......中最......的”。
I jumped (the) farthest in my class/of all the students.
我是我班/所有学生当中跳得最远的。
注意：在表示最高级的句子中，形容词前要加定冠词the，副词前的the可省略。
“主语+be+one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数+in/of短语”意为 “.....是......中最......的......之一”。
Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大的城市之一。
“疑问词+be+the+形容词最高级+甲,乙, or 丙 ”用于三者或三者以上的比较。
Which country is the largest, China, Brazil or Canada
哪一个国家最大，中国，巴西还是加拿大？
“疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形(+the)+副词最高级+甲，乙，or丙 ”
Which season do you like (the) best, spring, summer or autumn
你最喜欢哪一个季节，春季，夏季
形容词、副词篇练习题
一、写出下列单词的相应形式。
1. careful（副词）___________ 2. full (反义词)________
3. thin (反义词)_______ 4. quick(副词)_______
5. beautiful (副词) ___________ 6. good(比较级)________
7. much/many(比较级) ________ 8. little(比较级) ________
9. nice (比较级)________ 10. big(比较级) ________
11. bad(比较级)________ 12. early(比较级) ________
13.expensive(比较级)_________________ 14.weak (最高级)_________
15. interesting(比较级)_________________
二、反义词练一练。
big ---( )old---( ) cold---( )
good---( ) fat---( ) happy---( )
left---( ) tall---( ) light---( ) wrong---( )
三、选出下列不同类的单词。
( ) 1. A. sunny B. snowC. cloudy D. windy
( ) 2. A. good B. strict C. heavy D. early
( ) 3. A. bigger B. thinner C. runner D. fatter
( ) 4. A.beautiful B.careful C.more careful D.most careful
( ) 5. A. slowly B. friendly C. happily D. quickly
四、根据所给首字母提示完成句子。
1. My brother is 2 years o____ than me.
2.Sam runs very fast, Jim runs faster,but Jerry runs the f______of the three.
3.-How are you feeling today, Lucy
-Thank you, doctor. I feel much b_____.
4. This big watermelon is h______ than that small one. It’s 5kg.
5. ---Jack, look at that kite in the sky. It’s so big!
---Yeah! But look at that dragon kite. It’s b_____!
五、单项选择。
( ) 1. In summer, eating an ice cream and you will feel_____
A. cold B. cooler C. hotter D. warm
( ) 2. Lily speaks English as___as I do.A. better B. good C. well D. best
( ) 3. Are you ____ Go to bed now. A. sleepy B. happy C. thirsty D. awake
( ) 4. We live in _____cities, but we often meet each other.
A. same B. different C. met D. the same
( ) 5. My bedroom is ______ than my sister’s.
A.many bigger B.much bigger C.more bigger D. biggest
( ) 6. This book is ______ one of the three.
A.the most interesting B.most interesting
C.more interesting D.interestinger
( ) 7. The bell tower looks_____in the evening. I often go to see it.
A. beautiful B. famous C. well D. best
( ) 8. Tom failed the exam. He looks very___.A. happy B. happily C. sad D. tired
( ) 9. This computer is ______
A.most expensive B.expensive C.the most expensive D.expensively
( ) 10. Please listen to me ______.
A.careful B.carefully C.more carefully D.careless
( ) 11. Peter is_____than you.A. funny B. funnier C. fun D. more fun
( ) 12. Her hair is_____than his.A. longer B. as long C. long D. the longest
( ) 13. Our school is ______ bigger than theirs.
A. more B. very C. much D. most
( )14. Your maths is____than before.A. good B. better C. well D. best
( )15. I jump _____ than some of the boys in my class.
A. far B. farther C. more far D. fartherest
六、根据句意选出恰当的单词。
1. I think Lucy is _____(nice/nicer) than Lily.
2. I can sing this song very _____(good/well).
3. Let me help you! It’s much _____(heavy/heavier) than that one.
4. Now Peter is __________(much careful/more careful) than he was.
5. People here are very ________(friendly/ friendily).
6. My father is __________( busy, the busiest) man in the world.
7. August is _________(hotter, the hottest) month in a year.
8. Some people think maths is easy, but English is________(difficult, more difficult).
9. Alex is _______(clever, the cleverest) girl of the three.
10. My dress isn’t as ________(beautifully, beautiful) as yours.
11.I am two years than my younger sister. ( old, older )
12. Jane studies hard. She is a student. ( good, better )
13.This river is than that river. ( higher, longer )
14.I am than my sister. ( thin, thinner )
15.The children are playing in the park. ( happy, happily )
16.We go to work than before. ( earlier, early )
17.Run or you will be the last one. ( quick, quickly )
18.He is aboy and he always does his homework( carefully, careful )
七、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. This film is ___________(interest).
2. I am ______(tall) than my sister.
3. John is a _________(carefully) driver.
4. Lily’s sister is as _______(old) as me.
5. She is a ______(China) girl.
6. He is _________(short) boy in our class.
7. This picture is ______________(beautiful) than that one.
8. I feel ______(sad).
9. This bag is _____________(heavy) of the three.
10. It is _______(sun) today.
11. You are too _______(slowly).
12. My dress is ________(cheap) than yours.
13. We played ________(happy) yesterday.
14. Tom runs _______(fast) than Bob.
15. Which is _______(easy), fishing or swimming
八、用所给动词的反义词填空。
(1) My father is a________ ( short ) man.
(2) Look at that bag. It’s_______ ( big ).
(3) This pig is 300 kilos. It’s very________ ( light ).
(4) The woman isn’t_______( young ).
(5) May I look at your _______( old ) sweater
九、 找出错误项并改正。
( ) 1.My deskmates studies hardly. __________
A B C
( ) 2.Paul’s T-shirt is nice than mine. ___________
A B C
( )3. I like playing soccer. I can play it good. __________
A B C
( ) 4.My mother gets up earlier every day. ___________
A B C
( ) 5.This kind of cloth feels very softly. ___________
A B C
十、请在冬天的描述前写 “W”，在夏天的描述前写 “S”。
( ) The days get longer.
( ) The days get shorter.
( ) It gets dark early in the evening.
( ) It gets dark late in the evening.
( ) It’s very cold outside.
( ) It’s very hot outside.