2024届高考英语二轮复习：长难句分析1--句子类型&名词性从句 学案（无答案）

长难句分析（一）
句子结构
根据用途句子分为陈述句，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句。
陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述说话人的看法 Between the two buildings lies a garden.
一般疑问句 将陈述句中的（be动词，助动词，情态动词）提到主语之前，通常用yes/no回答，或者其他可代替的表达方式 -Can you help me with my English -With pleasure.
特殊疑问句 用来对句子的特殊部分进行提问的疑问句 -Why did the teacher praise you -He praised me because I have made great progress in English.
选择疑问句 提供两种及两种以上的可能性，供对方选择的疑问句 -Shall we go there by bus or by train -By train.
反问疑问句 陈述句+一个简略形式的疑问句 Reading aloud is very important in learning English, isn’t it
祈使句 表示请求、命令、叮嘱、号召等的句子 Do remember to close the door and windows before you go out!
感叹句 表示说话时的惊异、喜悦、气氛等情绪 What useful information you gave us! What a pity it is you didn’t pass the College Entrance Examination.
根据结构分可为简单句、并列复合句和主从复合句。
简单句概述: 只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语) 即只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。也就是说，各个句子成分均由单词或短语充当的句子叫简单句。
More and more Chinese people are learning English now.
My father and mother go to work at 7am and come back home at 6pm.
简单句的六种基本句型结构
主语+系动词+表语 All the students are on the playground. I am happy.
主语+谓语（不及物动词） We work hard at English. He doesn’t work here any longer.
主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语 Of all the subjects, I like English and maths most. Xiao Li has made great progress in his study of physics.
主语+谓语（及物动词）+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） He promised me to buy me a bike as a present on my birthday.
主语+谓语（及物动词）+复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语） On arriving there, I found the meeting over. The students often keep their classroom clean and tidy.
There be句型（可用不同的时态和情态动词） There have been major changes in advertising in the past sixty years. There must have been great achievements made.
并列复合句概述: 一个句子包含有两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，这些主谓结构各构成一个分句，由并列连词连接在一起，就是并列复合句。
主从复合句概述: 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫主从复合句。主句为句子的主体，从句从属于主句并充当主句的一个成分。根据从句在句中的句法功能，从句可分为：名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句。
名词性从句概述：　名词性从句的功能相当于名词。根据其在句中充当的成分，可分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
并列关系 and not only…but also… neither...nor The sun came out and the grass dried. Not only does Xiao Zhang often write to me, but also he often comes to see me. Neither I would consult him nor he would ask me for advice.
转折关系 but yet Fortune often knocks at the door, but the fool does not invite her in. He is poor, yet he is clever and warm-hearted.
因果关系 so/and so It’s foggy today, so we can’t see the distant hills.
对比关系 while/whereas He likes sports, while I’d rather collect stamps. Wise men seek after truth while/whereas fools despise(鄙视）knowledge.
选择关系 or Wear your coat or you’ll catch cold. Do it yourself or ask somebody else to do it.
这时突然 when I was about to leave when it rained. I was doing my homework when my classmate came. I had just gone to bed when the phone rang.
that 无意义，连接功能，不代替任何成分 注意：部分宾语从句中可以省略 That the 2022 Winter Olympic Games will be held in Chengde is known to us all. （主从） It is known to us all that the 2022Winter Olympic Games will be held in Chengde.（主从） What is known to us all is that the 2022 Winter Olympic Games will be held in Chengde.（表从） The news that he won the English Competition surprised us most.（同位语从句）
Whether/if 是否，连接功能，不代替任何成分 注意： if只用于宾语从句 If不用于介词后，to do前，以及和or not 直接连用 I wonder if you can go with me.（宾从） Whether he will come is not decided.（主从） It remains to be seen whether you are right.（主语从句）
who 谁， （主格） Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（主语从句） The question who was to blame has never been settled.
whom 谁，（宾格） My father didn't mind whom I married, so long as I could stand on my own two feet and wasn't dependent on my husband.(宾语从句）
what What，什么..东西，事情， China is no longer what it used to be.(表语从句） I really wondered what it was that made him so angry.（宾语从句）
which 哪个 I don’t know which building they lived in.(宾语从句）
whoever 无论是谁（主格） Whoever is elected should do what he can to help the people.（主语从句）
whomever 无论是谁（宾格） He was free to marry whomever he chose.(宾语从句）
whatever 无论是什么 He does whatever he pleases.(宾语从句）
where 哪里 This is where I live.(表语从句)
when 什么时候 I have no idea when he will be back.(同位语从句）
how 怎么样 I wonder how I can solve the problem.(宾语从句）
why 为什么 He was caught in the heavy rain last night. This is why he was ill. I wonder why he was absent from the meeting.
because 因为，只用于表语从句 He was ill.This is because he was caught in the heavy rain last night.
as if 好像，似乎，只用于表语从句 His white hair was so hard that it looked as if it had been electrified.
Quiz：
One end of the needle points north______the other points south.
It seems_____as my trust in Nature has grown more and more over the years worry and fear have ______(large) left me.
It’s our job as adults to show kids the possibilities of _____they can make and create.
She had worked all year, _____ just before the exams she was working so hard that her sister Barbara was ______(worry) about her.
As a little girl, when someone would ask me _____I wanted to be when I grew up, I’d just say, “I’m going to college.”
I believe that’s ______ he put all his hopes and dreams into his children. He hoped our generation would do better.
Finally, a woman with a tray full of food sat down opposite him and informed him______a cafeteria worked.”Start out at that end,”she said.”Just go along the line and pick out ______you want”
You can even get success, _____you will never get it if you wait someone to bring it to you.
A few days later, when I asked her ____she helped those people, she told me that we were fortunate and that their family wasn’t as lucky.
I guess now I just want to encourage others---if there is something that you want to do, and it is important to you, then regardless of_____people say about you and think about you, you have to live with you, so be good to yourself.
After my ride on the dogsled, I went to see an igloo, _____is a house____(make) of snow.
________the experiences were unforgettable, they weren’t the focus of the trip.
The following week was our school book fair and she had no money to buy any book, _____she told me she didn’t regret _____(do) that, as the water was very important.
I was worrying how to explain this to my girlfriend ______the pretty girl again turned to me, “Will you give me your cellphone number so that we can keep contacts later ”
He was busy doing his work______heavy rain began to pour down.
But he called us “a breath of fresh air” and kept thanking us because he really would have been stuck ____ we hadn’t come along.
But now we know _____we did it. It was to help you.
During the test, the girl _____(sit) next to me whispered something, ____I don’t understand.
She talked about _____important it was to stand on your own feet and be responsible for your own acts.
Though she sang off-key, _____made me excited that she was here.
I appreciate that my mom has a positive attitude and lives her life with a joyous heart, which encourages me to do my work well,______there may be many difficulties.
The new ban extends a previous law made in 2010_____meant students could not use their devices in lessons.
The next stop is to eat some, ____don’t eat too much---leave it a few hours and see___you get stomach pains.
Mushrooms are good food in the wild. If you know exactly_____they are and they can be eaten, it is OK.
Today the caves are just as international as they were at a time____people travelled the Silk Road.
The learning platform, which includes several channels, _____(provide) a huge amount of text and video material including news, periodicals, books, open courses, songs and movies for the public to browse and study ______ free.
The learning platform was _____(official) opened to the public on Jan.1, ____it has become popular among the public within a short time.
____ technology has certainly fostered more rapid and instant communication, the consequence from this has the potential ______ catastrophic over the next several generations.
The samples, _____ are expected to weigh about 2 kilograms, will be sealed into a container in the spacecraft.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got ______(sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, ______it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted through it.
_____ seemed that the handsome actor was not a bit worried, but in fact, he was not a little______ (concern) about the result of the investigation, _______ may destroy his bright future.
It is reported ______ by the end of 2020, Chongqing Disney Theme Park will have been open to the _______ ( tourism) from all over the world _______ (formal).
The merry aged couple got married in 1949 and up till now they __________(marry) for 6 decades,_______ was admired by many young couples.
The ________ ( retire) minister who likes hiking lives alone in a mountain village,______ he doesn’t feel lonely because he has made friends with his digital camera.
Last year, my total income, with my reward ______(add) to, added up to 15,000 Yuan, ______ didn’t deserve ______ I did.