2024届高考英语二轮复习：长难句分析3--定语从句学案（无答案）

长难句分析（三）-----定语从句
定语从句：在复合句中作定语的从句
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词
关系词：引导定语从句的词
that 先行词为人或物 代替从句的主语或宾语 不用于介词后 不用于非限制性定语从句 1.She is the girl who/that/省略 I teach in China.（代替宾语） 2. There is a bird which/that stands in the building.（代替主语）
which 先行词为物，代替从句的主语或宾语 先行词为整个主句，代替从句的主语或者宾语 先行词为物，介词后，只用which，代替介词后的宾语 先行词为物，非限制性定语从句，只用which, 代替从句的主语或宾语 两个定语从句，第一个用that引导，第二个宜用which There is a bird which/that stands in the building.（代替主语） That is the book which/that/省略 I want.(代替宾语) I am looking for a container in which/where I can put all these peaches. She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit.(先行词为主句，非限制性定语从句） Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly opened.
先行词为物，不用which的情况： 当先行词是all, much,anything,something,few, everything,nothing,little,none等不定代词时。 当先行词被all,no,few, any,little,some,much, last, only,very等词修饰时。 当先行词为序数词或被序数词修饰时。 当先行词即有人，又有物时。 当先行词在主句中作表语，且关系代词本省也在定语从句中作表语时。 There, Here开头，且先行词指物 主语是以which开头的特殊疑问句时，一般用that引导 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault. Please send me all the information that/省略 you have about the candidate for the position. This is the most exciting football game that/省略 I have even seen. I can remember well the persons and some pictures that/省略 I saw in the room. He is no longer the star that he was. There is a book on the desk that belongs to Frank. Which is the book that you lost
who 先行词为人 代替从句的主语或宾语 She is the girl who/that/whom/省略 I teach in China.(代替宾语） That is the man who teaches us English.（代替主语） It is dangerous to let the children who/that aren’t old enough swim alone in the river.（代替主语） Later, Esteban, who won the bronze medal, tried to give his medal to Navarro.（非限制性定语从句；代替主语）
先行词为人，不用that的情况： 先行词指人，如he,one,anyone, none, all, nobody, anybody, none 等。 先行词为those或者被those修饰且 指人 There be 句型中，先行词为人 The students benefitting most from college are those who are totally engaged in academic life，taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources. He who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man. There is a young man who wants to see you.
whom 先行词为人 代替从句的宾语 She is the girl who/whom/省略 I teach in China.(代替宾语） That is the man who/that teaches us English.（代替主语）
whose 先行词为人或物 代替从句里的定语 whose+n=the+n+of which/whom The building whose roof(=the roof of which=of which the roof) we can see from here is a hotel. Dr. Rowan, whose secretary(=the secretary of whom) resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
when 先行词为时间名词 代替时间状语（=介词+which） Do you still remember the day when(=on which) we first met. Don’t forget the time when(=during which) we visited Xi’an.
where 先行词为地点名词 代替地点状语（=介词+which） case，situation，position，point，stage等表抽象地点的名词作先行词，从句中缺少抽象地点状语，用where或者介词+which引导 Their child is at the stage where(=at which) she can say individual words but not full sentences. Self-driving is an area where/in which China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
why 先行词为reason 相当于for which That is the reason why/for which he was late for school.（代替原因状语）
The way作为先行词 从句中缺方式状语，用that,in which或者省略引导 从句缺主语，宾语，用which或者that I don’t like the way that/in which/省略 he speaks to me. This is the way that/which/省略 he told me.
as 先行词为人或物 代替从句里的主语或者宾语 置于句首，正如之意 such...as; so...as, the same...as As is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior school is increasing. This is such an interesting book as we all like. This is the same wallet as I lost.(同款）
主谓一致 定语从句的谓语动词和先行词保持一致 He is one of the players who were presented with the medal. He is the only one of the players who was presented with the medal.
介词的选择 根据句子的含义，选择合适的介词 固定搭配短语不可拆: care for; deal with; get through; hear from; look after; send for; see to In the dark street, there was a single person to whom she could turn for help.(turn to sb for help) He brought the result with which the boss was satisfied.( be satisfied with...)
Quiz:
Part 1-----单句语法填空
Papermaking, gunpower, printing and the compass are four great inventions by ancient Chinese people _____have had a huge effect on entire people.
Since she was eight, _______she completed her first challenge, crossing the Kokola Track in Papua New Guinea, adventure has been a major part of Ms. Azar’s life.
Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free
In ancient China lived an artist______ paintings were almost lifelike.
We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
One afternoon ______ I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield，______ she opened with her late husband Les.
They were well trained by their masters ______ had great experience with caring for these animals.
In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment _______ is created for them.
What students do at college seems to matter much more than_____ they go.
The students benefiting most from college are those ____ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.
13. She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit.
Kae, _________sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
Self-driving is an area _______China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ______showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
They also had a small pond ______ they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.
In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, _____ I was the first Western TV reporter.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.
But Sarah, ________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program ________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.
Part 2----改写成定语从句
There is a meeting to be held in the hall tomorrow.
→There is a meeting_____________________________________________________.
The meeting being held now is very important.
→The meeting_______________________________________is very important.
The car belonging to my uncle was stolen last week.
→The car________________________________________was stolen last week.
China is a country with a long history.
→China is a country_____________________________________________________.
I like the book with a red cover.
→I like the book_________________________________________.
People aware of their shortcomings are easy to get along well with.
→People________________________________________are easy to get along well with.
He is the man suitable for the job.
→He is the man___________________________________.
Those interested in English are welcome to take part in it.
→Those____________________________________are welcome to take part in it.
This is a problem worthy of careful study.
→This is a problem______________________________________.
I want to find a house to live in.
→I want to find a house______________________________________________.
They had only 100 dollars to spare.
→They had only 100 dollars________________________________.
All the people present agreed to our plan.
→All the people___________________agreed to our plan.
Please cover the food left from dinner.
→Please cover the food_________________________________.
This is a polluted river.
→This is a river______________________________.