2024届高考英语二轮复习长难句分析2--非谓语动词学案-（无答案）

长难句分析（二）----非谓语动词
非谓语动词作主语
非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句
动词不定式 保持对称性。 抽象的行为多用doing，具体的某次行为时多用 to do. 有些情况doing, to do可以替换 To see is to believe. = Seeing is believing. He said,"Do come."It was impossible to refuse .(Refusing invitations is not always easy.) It is dangerous playing/to play with fire .
it作形式主语，to do sth作真正的主语 形容词作表语（important, difficult, easy hard possible等 ） 动作作谓语（take, require, cost,amuse, delight, annoy等） 名词作表语 It is foolish to act in this way. It sounds reasonable to do it this way. It appears likely for them to arrive. It took much time to do this. It makes us excited to think about that. It does no good to say like that. It needed hard work to finish the job. It seems a pity to waste them. It is a great pleasure to do this It is a good idea to think this way.
疑问词+to do 复合结构 When to hold the meeting has not decided.
动名词 动名词表求比较抽象（一般）和经常性的意义，有时可同不定式互换 Collecting stamps is a good hobby. Swimming is a best sport in summer
it 作形式主语,doing作真主语 形容词作表语(常见的形容词有：enjoyable, good, hard, worthwhile) 名词作表语 It is nice talking to you. It is foolish behaving like that. It is useless doing that. It’s a waste of time doing this. It is no good/no use doing that. It is not an easy task doing this work.
There is no+doing sth=It is impossible to do sth. There is no accounting for tastes. 2 . There is no persuading her. 3. There is no turning back.
复合结构 Sb’s doing（有生命；单个名词） 有生命的名词词组以及s结尾的名词用sb doing 其他为：逻辑主语+doing Your swimming in this river is dangerous. Her daughter winning a gold medal surprised her. Yesterday being Sunday postponed the match.
非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句
动词不定式 接 to do 作宾语：want、would like、wish、help、hope、learn、manage、offer、plan、afford、agree、arrange、ask、beg、care、choose、decide、demand、determine、expect、fear、prepare、pretend、promise、refuse I want to read a novel. Why would she agree to do this How did she manage to struggle free Do you promise to do whatever I tell you Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.
V+it+宾补+to do（作真语）:believe, consider,feel, find, make, report, take(think), think等 I find it hard to learn English well. I make it a rule to get up early. I think it necessary to learn English well. I consider it important to ask him for advice
疑问词+to do I wonder how to solve this problem. I wonder what to do next.
动名词 接doing作语：practice；consider、enjoy、finish、give up、imagine、keep、put off、risk、suggest、admit、advise、allow、appreciate、avoid、delay、deny、discuss、dislike、escape、excuse、fancy、forbid、mention、 mind、miss、permit、prohibit 等 We enjoyed staying there. I advise leaving early. You should avoid being late. You should often practise speaking English.
V+it+宾补+doing(作真宾语） We found it troublesome solving/to solve this problem. We consider it worthwhile spending/to spend some time on this.
V+to do/doing 含义近：start, like, hate, love, continue, prefer,attempt, intend, propose, decline, endure, neglect,recall, bear等 含义不同：remember;forget; regret; try; mean; stop; go on; can’t help; 含义不同; remember/forget/regret to do/doing 要去做.../做了... go on/stop to do/doing 做另外一件事/手头的事情 mean to do/doing 打算做/意味着做... try to do/doing 尽力做/尝试做 can’t help doing/to do 情不自禁做.../不能帮助做...
动名词 sb/sb’s doing(有生命的单个名词）（介词后的宾语以及s结尾的名词用sb doing） 其他：名词+doing She is afraid of you/your ruining yourself. She is ashamed of her son being a prisoner.（多个词） She was angry at me/my forgetting to lock the door. I am astonished at Mary suddenly becoming rich.I介词后） The glory of the marshal counts on many soldiers dying on the battlefield.(s结尾）
2.非谓语动词作宾语
非谓语动词作表语
非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句
不定式 表目的 To leave is to do something worthwhile. The purpose of education is to develop a fine personality in children.
表预期的结果、不幸或预言 To become a slave is to give up one’s freedom. To do it is to ruin yourself.
表命令、安排、决定、劝告、意愿、禁止 They are to marry next week.(安排） 2. He is to give up drinking.(命令式劝告） Children are not to smoke.(禁止） Nobody is to know.(禁止） The man is guilty and is to undergo ten months’ imprisonment.(决定） You must be patient and persistent if you are to succeed.(意愿）
动名词 相当于名词(主语和表语可以互换，有时也可以和动词不定式互换） My job is teaching.=My job is to teach them to learn English.=Teaching is my job. Our duty is serving the people.=Our duty is to serve the people.=Serving the people is our duty.
现在分词 相当于形容词，-ing形式表示令人.... It is annoying that the meeting has to be put off.
过去分词 相当于形容词，-ed形式表示感到... 1.I am annoyed that he didn't tell me. 2. I am disappointed about my failure.
1. 固定搭配：be filled with； be dressed in；be compared with/to；be faced with; be confronted with; be engaged in; be involved in; be accustomed to; be tired of(对...厌烦）； be situated/located in; be known as等 2. 已经完成的状态： gone 过去了，消失了；retired 退休了的；locked 锁着的； broken 破的 1. Our work can be compared to a battle. 2. I did not want to be confronted with that situation. 3. But she will never be tired of caring about you. 4. Don't be involved in their quarrel. 5. I like to be engaged in fitness! 6. Where will the new school be situated 7. A species once extinct is gone forever. 8. My mother is retired now. 9. The front door is locked. 10. The handle of the suitcase is broken.
非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句
动词不定式 表目的 1.He went home to see his mother. 2.He got up early to catch the early bus.
表结果 1.too..to; not+adj enough to do; 2. (only) to do..表意外地结果 1.He is not old enough to go to school. 2.He is too excited to say anything. 3.In doing so they are lifting a rock only to drop it on their own feet.
表原因 I am glad to see you. I am sorry for you to think like that.
现在分词 1.原因，条件，让步，时间状语前置 伴随，结果（意料之中）后置 2.doing, 表主动，与谓语动作同时 3.having done 表主动，先于谓语动作 1. Seeing her mother, the baby stopped crying.(时间） 2. Having watered the flowers, he had a rest.（时间） 3. The dog often takes a walk, following its owner.（伴随） 4. Having lived in the city for many years, he knows it well.(原因） 5. Working so hard, he failed again.（让步） 6. Her husband died, leaving her with two sons.（结果） 7. Listening to English every day, you will learn it well.（条件） 8. The boy went to school, taking a bus.(方式）
过去分词 1.原因，条件，让步，时间状语前置 伴随，结果（意料之中）后置 2.done, 表被动，与谓语动作同时 3. having been done表被动，先于谓语动作 1. Seen from the top of the hill, the park is beautiful.（时间/条件） Having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it.（原因） She came in the room, followed by her husband.（伴随） Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake.（让步） Heated, water can be changed into vapor.（条件）
形容词及形容词短语 1. 参看-ed分词作表语中的固定短语搭配，去be，单独作状语 2. 单个的形容词作状语 1. She bounded in through the gate，flushed and breathless.(伴随，她满脸通红的从大门口跑了进来） 2. Afraid of being scolded, for a moment, he thought of truant.(原因） 3. Ripe, these apples are sweat.(条件/时间） 4. They stayed in the snow for several days, cold and hungry.
With复合结构 With+宾语+adj/adv/介短/-ing/-ed/-to do 1.With time passing by, he almost forgot everything. 2. He sat on the chair, with his eyes closed. 3. With a lot of work to do, the manager has been busy recently. 4. The teacher came in, with a book in his hand. 5. With everything done, she went home.
独立主格结构 逻辑主语+分词，适用于分词主语与主句主语不一致 1. Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed quickly. 2. The meeting being over, they all left the room and drove home. 3. The test finished, we began our holiday.
非谓语动词作定语
非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句
to do 将要做的事情，所修饰词和to do是逻辑上的动宾关系（不及物动词需加介词） I have something to say. I’ll give you a magazine to read. I want to find a house to live in.
chance,ability, time, reason,way, effort, right, movement等后加to do Thank you for giving me the chance to make the speech. We now have the ability to gather huge amounts of data.
The first, the last, the second, the best等常与动词不定式作定语 He is always the first to come. She would be the last to agree to our plan. You are the second to ask me that question.
to go, to spare, 剩下的 He had only five minutes to go before time was up. They had only 100 dollars to spare.
to be done(将要被...) There is a meeting to be held in the hall tomorrow.
动名词 表目的和用途 A washing machine=a machine for washing A swimming pool=a pool for swimming= a pool used for swimming
现在分词 表主动，进行 boiling water; a developing country
表主动 The car belonging to my uncle was stolen last week.
being done(正在被...) All the members of the team have attended the meeting being held.
过去分词 表完成 the fallen leaves; the risen sun( fall, rise为不及物动词，无被动关系）
表被动和完成 a polluted river The watered flowers
短语后置，left， concerned，present(在场的）后置 The food left The people concerned The people present
With复合结构 用于修饰名词或者代词 China is a country with a long history. I like the book with a red cover. The girl with long hair is my sister.
形容词短语 用于修饰名词或者代词 He is a man suitable for the job. This is a problem worthy of careful study Those interested in English are welcome to take part in it. A man full of confidence are easier to succeed. People aware of their shortcomings are easier to get along well with.
非谓语动词作补语
非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句
With复合结构 With sb/sth to do/-ing/-ed With a lot of difficult problems to settle, he newly elected president is having a hard time. John received an invitation to dinner and with his work finished, he gladly accepted it. With so many college students coming out at a time, many graduates have difficulties in finding suitable jobs.
使役动词 have sb/sth do/doing/done(get sb to do除外） Sb be made/got/let/had to do sth.(被动还原） 1.I have had my bicycle repaired. 2. Have him call Max Green at six. 3.He had the fire burning all night long.
感官动词 see sb/sth do/doing/done Sb be seen to do sth I heard her sing an English song just now. I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.
Keep/leave keep sb/sth doing/done We kept him waiting outside. Please keep me informed of everything about you. Don’t leave the water running all the time.
find find sb doing/done We found him tied to the tree.
2. We found him coming in.
其他 V+sb/sth+to do admit，advise，allow, ask, beg, bribe(行贿),cause（导致），compel(迫使), command，encourage，expect, forbid, force，get，hate，help，implore（恳求），induce（劝说），instruct(吩咐), invite，like，oblige(强迫), order，permit, persuade, remind, report, request, show, teach, tell，tempt, urge, want，warn，wish He advised me to buy a computer. 2..We expected him to arrive in time.(无hope sb to do） 3. I usually help Mum do the housework on Saturdays.
4. Please tell her not to make so much noise.
V+sb/sth doing bring, catch, discover,send, set, start, surprise The explosion brought the whole building crashing to the ground. 爆炸将整座建筑夷为平地。 If she catches you reading her diary, she'll be furious. 如果她撞见你正在偷看她的日记，她一定会发火的。 The boss discovered him stealing money from the till. 老板发现他从钱柜里偷钱。 A single slip could send them plummeting down the mountainside.一失足就可能让他们摔下山。 His behaviour set people talking. 他的行为引起人议论。 The smoke started her coughing. 烟使她咳嗽起来。 A teacher surprised the boys smoking. 一位老师意外发现这些男孩子在抽烟。
Quiz:
(encourage) by the advances in technology, many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.
(approach) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
____(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
The manager was satisfied to see many new products____(develop) after great effort.
I have a lot of readings (complete) before the end of this term.
It rained heavily in the south， (cause) serious flooding in several provinces.
A great number of students (question) said they were forced to practise the piano.
With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank (buy) presents for my dad.
(see) from the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
With the government’s aid, those (affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
(complete) the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.
(bite) twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.
(remind) not to miss the flight at 15:20, the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.
(give) the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow the international stars.
The children all turned (look) at the famous actress as she entered the classroom.
Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, (compare) with his old one.
— Did the book give the information you needed — Yes. But (find) it，I had to read the entire book.
(throw) their hats into the air，the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.
We finished the run in less than half the time (allow).
The trees (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.
(complete) the project as planned，we’ll have to work two more hours a day.
I’m tired out．I stayed up the whole night, (study) for my midterm math exam．
(import) from other countries, sand painting is now being recognized in China for its uniqueness and creativity.
(live) in the country, we had few social activities．
She seems to prefer (watch) American TV Shows to talking to me．
(control) her emotion, she buried her face in her hands．
The reporter apologized for any misunderstandings (cause) by his article on that film star.
(lower) the housing price, several measures have been adopted in the last two years.
Programmes, (design) to bring the old and the young together, are growing in popularity all over the world．
(gain) valuable experience, he asked to be sent to remote areas.
The seats (reserve) for children and seniors are right at the front of the buses.
Many things such as going abroad and owning a car, (consider) impossible in the past, are now very common．
After a long absence, I went back to college, (hope) to pick up where I’d left off.
Was it (hold) the international conference that made the city the focus of this area
I’m sorry I was late. (make) up for it, let me treat you to a meal.
(save) power, turn off the hot water after you are done showering.
A person, when (challenge), can often do what is normally beyond his ability.
(offer) a better position at IBM, he became more and more confident of his ability.
Today, people are paying more and more attention to their health, (make) books on keeping healthy extremely hot．
More than a quarter of the energy (use) in the United States goes to moving people and goods from one place to another.
The reporter apologized for any misunderstandings (cause) by his article on that film star.
Some seemingly harmless blogs might become harmful when (read) on the Internet by millions of people.
Not (impress) with the quality of your goods, I will certainly not advise others to buy them．
We got a little ____(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing that we didn't mind.
Anxiously，she took the dress out of the package and tried it on，only____(find) it didn't fit.
Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ____(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
____(catch) the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
The park was full of people，____(enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.
____(absorb) in painting，John didn't notice evening approaching.
____(work) for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress，Anne Benedict went on ____(thank) all the people who had helped in her career.
Back from his two－year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother ____(take) good care of at home.
Listening to music at home is one thing；going to hear it ____(perform) live is quite another.
When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，____(wonder) whether to stay or leave.
Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students ___(talk) over what is bothering them.
Like ancient sailors，birds can find their way ____(use) the sun and the stars.
____(learn) more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared，___(combine) the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”．
Much time____(spend) sitting at a desk，office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
When there was no place in the whole field ____(leave) to dig, the rabbit dug a tunnel right to where the dog had been lying all the time.
Henry can't attend the party ____(hold) at Tom's house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party ____(hold) at Marie's house tomorrow.