2024年中考英语真题分类训练-题型一单项选择 分类训练2 动词和动词短语（含解析）

分类训练2动词和动词短语
命题点1实义动词词义辨析
　　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　
1(2022福建)—May I 　　　　your pen I can't find mine.
—Sure. Here you are.
A. repair B. make C. borrow
2(2022广西北部湾经济区)—Miss Yao, may I 　　　　your computer to search for information
—Of course.
A. use B. count C. draw
3(2022天津)My aunt offered me a dictionary and I 　　　　it happily.
A. accepted B. invited C. mixed D. grew
4(2022安徽)—You can 　　　　between joining the dancing club and going to the chess club.
—I consider going to the chess club, for I like playing chess better.
A. decide B. guess C. hide D. wait
5(2022武汉)—Laura spoke very slowly to people to 　　　　what she would say.
—She just wanted to think about what others were feeling.
A. survey B. weigh C. support D. repeat
6(2022武汉)—Jack, tell me how to 　　　　this information.
—All right, Grandma. You can type it on this keyboard.
A. delete B. enter C. collect D. receive
7(2022无锡)—Does the colour red represent good things in Chinese culture
—Yes. But writing one's name in red is not good, and we usually 　　　　it.
A. avoid B. advise C. allow D. accept
8(2022扬州)People in cold areas 　　　　warm colours to calm colours in their homes.
A. protect B. prefer C. pronounce D. practise
9(2022泰州)Schools should 　　　　students to form good working habits through labor (劳动) education.
A. force B. encourage C. warn D. promise
10(2022徐州)People usually 　　　　in the kitchen.
A. Sleep B. chat C. cook D. study
11(2022黄冈)—Dad, how about planting some trees in our yard
—Good idea! Trees can　　　　the water from washing the earth away.
A. accept B. prevent C. discover D. choose
12(2022荆州)—Why are you taking a basket with you for shopping
—The store doesn't 　　　　shopping bags for shoppers to protect the environment.
A. Lend B. count C. provide D. collect
13(2022包头)—How can we go to the station
—I 　　　　going in my car.
A. practise B. suggest C. invite D. introduce
14(2022抚顺)Developing good reading habits can 　　　　our reading speed.
A. review B. receive C. spread D. increase
命题点2系动词词义辨析
1(2022海南)—How do you like this cup of Xinglong Coffee
—It 　　　　really great. I'd like another cup.
A. looks B. feels C. tastes
2(2022广西北部湾经济区)—Hmm, something 　　　　so good. What is it
—Hand-made e and try some.
A. tastes B. sounds C. smells
3(2022无锡)—Dad, what's for dinner It 　　　　nice!
—I'm cooking chicken soup.
A. tastes B. smells C. looks D. feels
4(2022葫芦岛)The soup 　　　　a little salty. There is no need to add more salt.
A. looks B. smells C. sounds D. tastes
5(2022宿迁)—Good news! The Shenzhou XIV manned spacecraft has been sent into space successfully.
—That 　　　　exciting and encouraging!
A. turns B. tastes C. sounds D. smells
6(2022鄂州)—Dinner is ready. Help yourself, please!
—Wow! It 　　　　delicious.
A. tastes B. sounds C. turns D. gets
命题点3情态动词
1(2022吉林)—Look! Mark is reading a book in the library.
—It 　　　　be him. He is in the classroom.
A. can't B. wouldn't C. needn't
2(2022海南)The boy 　　　　be Tom. I saw him reading in the library just now.
A. shouldn't B. can't C. needn't
3(2022哈尔滨)—Do you like poems
—Yes.I　　　　 read poems when I was 5.
A. must B. can C. could
4(2022成都)—There is a new art museum in our city. You 　　　　miss it.
—Thank you. I won't.
A. can't B. must C. needn't
5(2022北京)—　　　　 I take photos here
—Sorry, you can't. It's not allowed in the museum.
A. Must B. Need C. Can D. Will
6(2022天津)The book 　　　　be Mary's. We can see her name on it.
A. need B. must C. can't D. needn't
7(2022河北)—Do I have to hand in my report now
—Of course, you 　　　　. We're going to discuss it.
A. can B. can't C. must D. mustn't
8(2022无锡)We should learn some basic life skills since we 　　　　depend on ourselves some day.
A. can B. can't C. must D. mustn't
9(2022扬州)Protect your hearing. Don't wait until you 　　　　hear a thing.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. shouldn't D. can't
10(2022常州)To achieve our dream, we 　　　　rest on what we have done.
A. may not B. should not C. need not D. could not
11(2022包头)—You 　　　　be excited — you have tickets for your favourite band!
—Yes. It's unbelievable that I can see the band play live!
A. need B. have to C. must D. might
12(2022徐州)—Can we play games here
—Better not. If you 　　　　, please go to the open space there.
A. must B. can C. may D. will
13(2022温州)—Thomas, where are my postcards I 　　　　find them.
—They're on the bookshelf.
A. can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
14(2022荆州)—Mike, I can't stop playing computer games.
—For your eyes, my dear friend, I'm afraid you 　　　　.
A. could B. may C. would D. have to
15(2022广元)—Whose dictionary is this
—It 　　　　be Jack's. Look, his name is on page 1.
A. must B. need C. can't D. could
16(2022宿迁)—All of us 　　　　follow the traffic rules when going out.
—Exactly! Safety comes first.
A. might B. must C. may D. could
17(2022鄂州)—Whose is this toy truck
—It 　　　　belong to Dick. He was the only little kid at the picnic.
A. can't B. must C. could D. need
18(2022盘锦)—I can't find my dictionary. 　　　　I use yours
—Sure, here you are.
A. Need B. May C. Must D. Should
命题点4动词短语辨析
★同一动词型
1(2022福建)Please 　　　　the lights when you leave the room. Be a greener person.
A. turn off 　　　　B. turn on C. turn up
2(2022云南)—How was your camping in the countryside last weekend
—It was great. We 　　　　a tent by the lake and had much fun.
A. put up B. put off C. put on D. put in
3(2022昆明)Doing chores helps to improve children's independence and teaches them how to 　　　　themselves.
A. look for B. look after C. look like D. look through
4(2022扬州)In such cheerful conversation, time 　　　　all too quickly.
A. went up B. went down C. went by D. went back
5(2022泰州)The government is 　　　　elevators(电梯) in the old buildings of some communities so that people, especially the elderly can go up and down easily.
A. putting away B. putting out C. putting in D. putting through
6(2022徐州)I have the habit of 　　　　the unknown words in the dictionary or on the Internet.
A. looking up B. looking for C. looking at D. looking after
7(2022恩施州)It's good to help the people in need to 　　　　the bus if necessary.
A. get up B. get off C. get well
8(2022凉山州)—Mom, I want to buy some novels.
—Before choosing a book, you'd better 　　　　some pages to know whether it's easy or hard for you.
A. look through B. look for C. look at
★同一介词/副词型
1(2022吉林)The sign on the wall said "　　　　 the lights as you go out".
A. Turn off 　B. Take off C. Put off
2(2022哈尔滨)—Many of us　　　　our parents too much.
—Yes.We'd better learn to look after ourselves.
A. depend on 　B. put on C. get on
3(2022温州)In China, people usually 　　　　their houses to sweep away bad luck before Spring Festival.
A. clean up B. look up C. make up D. put up
4(2022十堰)It is too dark. Why don't you 　　　　the light
A. put on B. get on C. turn on D. keep on
5(2022广元)—Tina, I want to make some soup. Can you 　　　　some tomatoes for me
—Sure, no problem.
A. make up B. fix up C. put up D. cut up
6(2022自贡)—How can we save electricity in daily life
—By 　　　　the lights when we leave a room, for example.
A. turning off B. putting off C. taking off
7(2022朝阳)—What are you going to do this weekend
—I am going to visit the sick kids in the hospital and 　　　　them 　　　　as a volunteer.
A. wake; up B. cheer; up C. give; up D. pick; up
★混合型
1(2022海南)—It's said that the Shenzhou-14 astronauts will say hello to us on the Mid-Autumn Festival.
—Wonderful! I'm 　　　　it.
A. getting along with 　　　　
B. staying away from
C. looking forward to
2(2022广西北部湾经济区)—Eric, I found a watch on the playground.
—You'd better go to the Lost and Found Office and 　　　　.
A. hand it in B. turn it down C. look it up
3(2022天津)He thanked me for 　　　　the mistakes in his homework.
A. going out B. pointing out C. turning on D. putting on
4(2022武汉)—Please 　　　　these donations for kids.
—OK, let me see. Perfect! Kids here are in great need of toys and books.
A. check out B. cut down C. sell out D. turn down
5(2022荆州)—The old man 　　　　all his money to the children in poor areas.
—How kind he is!
A. helped out B. gave away C. sold out D. kept away
6(2022安徽)—Do you know the spacewoman Wang Yaping
—Sure. She is called the mother who 　　　　the stars.
A. gave out B. put away C. looked after D. reached for
7(2022河北)—Michael, 　　　　this shirt.
—Oh, it looks nice on me!
A. try on B. put down C. take off D. throw away
8(2022黄冈)—Maria, don't forget to　　　　the sports shoes. You have a P.E. class today.
—Thanks, Mom. I won't.
A. get up B. put on C. take off D. cut down
9(2022包头)—What a lovely garden!
—Yeah, let's 　　　　a walk in it.
A. call out B. go for C. come across D. give away
10(2022葫芦岛)Please 　　　　the tall buildings if the wind blows hard.
A. run out of
B. catch up with
C. get on with
D. keep away from
11(2022遂宁)Many Chinese people usually 　　　　some paper cuttings on windows, doors and walls as symbols of wishes for good luck.
A. put up B. put off C. cut up D. cut off
12(2022贵港)—What are they doing
—They are discussing what to 　　　　to the school in the village.
A. give away B. throw away C. clean up D. cut up
13(2022天水)Let's 　　　　the chicken and make some soup.
A. look at B. cut up C. put off D. knock against
分类训练2　动词和动词短语
命题点1 实义动词词义辨析
1.C　【解析】　本题考查动词词义辨析。repair修理;make制作;borrow借用。——我可以借用你的钢笔吗 我找不到我的了。——当然可以。给你。故选C。
2.A　【解析】　本题考查动词词义辨析。根据题干中的"to search for information"可知,上句说话人想使用Miss Yao的电脑,故所缺的词是use。count"数数";draw"画"。
3.A　【解析】　本题考查动词的词义辨析。句意:我的姑姑给了我一本字典,我高兴地接受了它。accept"接受";invite"邀请";mix"混合";grow"种植"。根据句意可知A项符合语境。
4.A　【解析】　本题考查动词的词义理解。根据答语中的"我考虑去国际象棋社团"可知,上句是说,你可以在参加舞蹈社团和去国际象棋社团之间决定取舍,故decide"决定"符合题意。
5.B　【解析】　本题考查动词的词义辨析。survey调查;weigh认真考虑,权衡;support支持;repeat重复。根据语境可知,劳拉跟人说话时说得很慢,她在认真考虑自己要说什么,故weigh符合题意。
一词多义——weigh
(1)作动词,意为"有……重;重"。用法示例:
How much do you weigh 你体重多少
(2)作动词,意为"称重量,量体重"。用法示例:
She weighed the stone in her hand.她用手掂了掂那块石头的重量。
(3)作动词,意为"认真考虑;权衡;斟酌"。用法示例:
You must weigh up the pros and cons.你必须权衡利弊。
6.B　【解析】　本题考查动词的词义辨析。delete删除;enter输入;collect收集;receive收到。根据答语中的"You can type it on this keyboard"可知,上句意为"杰克,告诉我怎样输入这个信息",故enter符合题意。
7.A　【解析】　本题考查动词的词义辨析。avoid避免;advise建议;allow允许;accept接受。根据题干中的"But writing one's name in red is not good"可知,此处是说,我们通常会避免用红笔写名字。故选A。
8.B　【解析】　本题考查动词词义辨析。句意:寒冷地区的人们更喜欢在家里用暖色调而不是冷色调。protect保护;prefer更喜欢;pronounce发音;practise练习。故选B。
9.B　【解析】　本题考查动词的词义辨析。force"强迫";encourage"鼓励";warn"警告";promise"许诺"。句意:学校应该通过劳动教育鼓励学生养成良好的劳动习惯。故选B。
10.C　【解析】　本题考查动词的词义辨析。sleep"睡觉";chat"聊天";cook"烹饪";study"学习"。结合常识可知,人们通常在厨房做饭,故选C。
11.B　【解析】　本题考查动词的词义辨析。accept接受;prevent阻止;discover发现;choose选择。结合常识可知,树木可以阻止水把土冲走,故选B。
12.C　【解析】　本题考查动词词义辨析。此处是说,为了保护环境,商店不给购物者提供购物袋,故provide符合题意。lend借出;count数数;collect收集。
13.B　【解析】　本题考查动词的词义辨析。practise练习;suggest建议;invite邀请;introduce介绍。根据问句可知此处是说,我建议坐我的车去。故选B。
14.D　【解析】　本题考查动词的词义理解。句意:养成良好的阅读习惯能增快我们的阅读速度。根据句意可知,所缺的词是increase"(使)增长,增加"。
命题点2 系动词词义辨析
1.C　【解析】　本题考查系动词的用法。根据设空后的"I'd like another cup"可推知,此处表示"它尝起来真不错",故所缺的词是tastes。
2.C　【解析】　本题考查系动词的用法。根据题干中的"What is it"及"Come and try some"可推知,上句说话人闻到了香味,故所缺的词是smells。
3.B　【解析】　本题考查系动词的词义辨析。taste尝起来;smell闻起来;look看起来;feel摸起来。根据题干中的"I'm cooking chicken soup"可知,此处表示"它闻起来很香"。故选B。
4.D　【解析】　本题考查系动词的辨析。根据题干中的"There is no need to add more salt"可知,此处是说,汤尝起来有点儿咸,故用tastes。
5.C　【解析】　本题考查系动词的用法。根据语境可知,此处是说,那则新闻"听起来"令人兴奋而且鼓舞人心,故sounds符合题意。
6.A　【解析】　本题考查系动词的辨析。——晚餐准备好了。请自便吧!——哇!它尝起来很美味。tastes表示"尝起来",符合语境。
命题点3 情态动词
1.A　【解析】　本题考查情态动词的用法。根据上句中的"Mark...in the library"及下句中的"He is in the classroom"可推知,那个人不可能是马克,故can't符合题意。
2.B　【解析】　本题考查情态动词的用法。根据设空后的"I saw him reading in the library just now"可推知,这个男孩不可能是汤姆,故选B。
3.C　【解析】　本题考查情态动词的用法。结合语境可知,此处表示"我5岁时就会读诗了"。此处表示能力,再结合题干中的"when I was 5"可知,此处应用can的过去式could。
4.A　【解析】　本题考查情态动词的用法。根据本题语境可知,此处是说,我们市有一家新的美术博物馆,你不能错过它。can't意为"不能",符合题意。must必须;needn't不必。
5.C　【解析】　本题考查情态动词的用法。根据答语可知,此处表示"我能在这儿拍照吗"。can可表示"可以",用于请求允许,符合题意。
6.B　【解析】　本题考查情态动词的用法。根据题干中的"We can see her name on it"可知,此处表示"这本书一定是玛丽的"。表示有把握的肯定推测应用must。
7.C　【解析】　本题考查情态动词的用法。根据设空后的"We're going to discuss it"可知,上句说话人现在必须上交报告,故must符合题意。
8.C　【解析】　本题考查情态动词的辨析。can可以;can't不可能;must必须;mustn't禁止。此处是说,我们应该学一些基本的生活技能,因为有一天我们必须依靠我们自己,故选C。
9.D　【解析】　本题考查情态动词的辨析。句意:保护好你的听力,不要等到你什么声音都听不到了。needn't不必;mustn't禁止;shouldn't不应该;can't不能。故选D。
10.B　【解析】　本题考查情态动词的辨析。句意:要实现梦想,我们就不该依赖已有的成绩。根据句意可知应选B。
11.C　【解析】　本题考查情态动词的用法。need需要;have to不得不;must一定;might可能。根据设空后的"you have tickets for your favourite band"可知,此处是说,你一定很兴奋。故选C。
12.A　【解析】　本题考查情态动词的用法。——我们可以在这里玩游戏吗 ——最好不要。你们如果一定要玩,请去那边的开阔地(玩)。must表示"必须,一定",符合题意。
13.A　【解析】　本题考查情态动词的用法。根据题干中的"我的明信片在哪里"可推断,我找不到它们了,故can't"不能"符合题意。
14.D　【解析】　本题考查情态动词的用法。根据设空前的"For your eyes"可知,此处是说,我恐怕你不得不(停止玩电脑游戏),故have to符合题意。
15.A　【解析】　本题考查情态动词的辨析。根据题干中的"Look, his name is on page 1"可知此处是说,这本字典"肯定"是杰克的。must在此表示肯定推测。
(2021吉林)—Whose dictionary is this
—It 　　　　be Jeff's.Look! His name is on page one.
A.must　 　　　B.need 　　　　C.can't
16.B　【解析】　本题考查情态动词的用法。根据语境可知,此处是说,我们所有人外出时都"必须"遵守交通规则,故must符合题意。
17.B　【解析】　本题考查情态动词的用法。can't不可能;must一定;could可能;need需要。根据答语中的"He was the only little kid at the picnic"可推知,这个玩具卡车一定是Dick的。故选B。
18.B　【解析】　本题考查情态动词的用法。根据语境可知此处应用May来礼貌地提出请求,意为"可以",故答案为B。
命题点4 动词短语辨析
★同一动词型
1.A　【解析】　本题考查动词短语辨析。turn off关掉;turn on打开;turn up调大。句意:当你离开房间时请关灯。做一个更环保的人。故选A。
2.A　【解析】　本题考查动词短语辨析。此处是说,我们在湖边搭了一个帐篷,玩得很开心。故put up"搭建"符合语境。put off推迟;put on穿上;put in插话。
3.B　【解析】　本题考查动词短语辨析。look for寻找;look after照顾;look like看起来像;look through浏览。结合备选项及常识可知,此处表示"做家务有助于提高孩子的独立性,还能教他们如何照顾自己",故选B。
4.C　【解析】　本题考查动词短语辨析。句意:在这样欢快的交谈中,时间过得太快了。go up上升;go down下降;go by(时间)流逝,过去;go back返回。故选C。
5.C　【解析】　本题考查动词短语辨析。put away"把……收拾起来";put out"熄灭";put in"安装(设备)";put through"为……接通电话"。句意:政府正在给一些社区的老旧建筑安装电梯,这样人们尤其是老年人上下楼就方便了。根据句意可知选C。
6.A　【解析】　本题考查动词短语的辨析。look up"查阅";look for"寻找";look at"看";look after"照顾"。句意:我有在字典里或者网上查不认识的单词的习惯。此处表示"查阅",故选A。
7.B　【解析】　本题考查动词短语的用法。结合语境及备选项可知,此处表示"帮助有需要的人下公共汽车",故get off"下(火车、飞机等)"符合题意。
8.A　【解析】　本题考查动词短语的辨析。look through浏览;look for寻找;look at看。此处表示"在选择一本书之前,你最好先浏览几页,看看它对你来说是容易还是难",故选A。
★同一介词/副词型
1.A　【解析】　本题考查动词短语辨析。根据设空后的"the lights"可知,turn off"关掉,截断(电流、煤气、水等)"符合题意。take off"起飞,脱掉";put off"推迟"。
2.A　【解析】　本题考查动词短语的辨析。depend on"依靠";put on"穿上,发胖";get on"进展,开始做"。根据题干中的"We'd better learn to look after ourselves"可知,此处表示"我们中很多人太依赖父母了",故选A。
3.A　【解析】　本题考查动词短语辨析。句意:在中国,人们春节前通常把房子打扫干净,为的是扫除霉运。clean up意为"打扫干净",故A项符合语境。
"动词+up"短语小结
clean up打扫干净;look up查阅,向上看;make up编造,形成,组成;put up张贴,搭建;wake up醒来;grow up长大;give up放弃;stay up熬夜;eat up吃完;use up用完。
4.C　【解析】　本题考查动词短语辨析。句意:太黑了。你为什么不开灯 A项:穿上;B项:进展,进步;C项:打开;D项:继续。故选C。
5.D　【解析】　本题考查动词短语的辨析。make up编造;fix up修理;put up张贴;cut up切碎。根据题干中提到的"我想做些汤"可知此处表示"你能为我切一些西红柿吗",故选D。
6.A　【解析】　本题考查动词短语的辨析。此处表示"(我们可以)通过在离开房间时关灯的方式(来节约电能)",故所缺的短语是turning off"关掉"。put off推迟,延迟;take off脱掉,起飞。
7.B　【解析】　本题考查动词短语的辨析。wake sb.up叫醒某人;cheer sb. up使某人高兴起来;give sb. up对某人不再抱有希望;pick sb. up(开车)接某人。此处表示"我要做志愿者,去医院看望生病的孩子们,让他们高兴起来",故选B。
★混合型
1.C　【解析】　本题考查动词短语辨析。根据题干中的"the Shenzhou-14 astronauts will say hello to us on the Mid-Autumn Festival"可推知,答话人说的是"太棒了!我很期待",look forward to意为"盼望,期待",符合题意,故选C。get along with"和睦相处,关系良好";stay away from"远离"。
2.A　【解析】　本题考查动词短语辨析。根据语境可知,埃里克建议对方把手表交到失物招领处,hand in意为"提交,呈交,上交(尤指书面材料或失物)",符合题意,故选A。turn down"调低;拒绝";look up"查阅"。
3.B　【解析】　本题考查动词短语的辨析。句意:他感谢我指出了他的家庭作业中的错误。go out"熄灭";point out"指出";turn on"打开";put on"穿上"。故选B。
4.A　【解析】　本题考查动词短语辨析。check out调查,检查,核实,查证;cut down削减,缩小(尺寸、数量或数目),砍倒;sell out售完,卖光;turn down关小,调低,拒绝。根据答语可知上句意为"请核查一下这些给孩子们的捐赠物",故check out符合题意。
5.B　【解析】　本题考查动词短语辨析。help out帮助某人摆脱(困境);give away捐赠;sell out卖光;keep away远离。根据题干中的"他真善良啊"可知,这位老人把自己所有的钱都捐给了贫困地区的孩子,故gave away符合题意。
常见的give短语小结
give away捐赠,赠送;give up放弃;give out分发,散发;give off发出,放出(气味、热、光等);give in屈服,让步;give back归还;give sb. a hand帮助某人。
6.D　【解析】　本题考查动词短语的辨析。give out分发,散发;put away把……收拾起来;look after照顾;reach for伸手去够。此处是说,她(王亚平)被称为"摘星星的妈妈",故reached for符合题意。
7.A　【解析】　本题考查动词短语辨析。根据下句中的"it looks nice on me"可知,上句表示"迈克尔,试试这件衬衫吧",故try on符合题意。put down放下,写下;take off脱下(衣服),起飞;throw away扔掉,丢弃。
8.B　【解析】　本题考查动词短语的辨析。get up起床;put on穿上;take off脱掉;cut down减少,砍倒。根据题干中的"You have a P.E. class today "可知,此处说话人是在提醒玛丽亚不要忘记"穿上"运动鞋,故选B。
9.B　【解析】　本题考查动词短语的辨析。call out召唤出动(尤指处理紧急情况);go for外出活动;come across偶然遇到;give away捐赠。go for a walk意为"去散步",符合题意。
10.D　【解析】　本题考查动词短语的辨析。run out of"用完";catch up with"赶上";get on with"和……相处融洽";keep away from"远离"。结合常识可知,如果风很大,应该远离高大的建筑物,故选D。
11.A　【解析】　本题考查动词短语的辨析。结合语境及常识可知此处表示"许多中国人通常会在门、窗和墙壁上张贴一些剪纸",故所缺的动词短语是put up"张贴"。
12.A　【解析】　本题考查动词短语的辨析。give away捐赠;throw away扔掉;clean up清理;cut up切碎。结合语境可知,此处表示"他们正在讨论给村里的学校捐些什么"。故选A。
13.B　【解析】　本题考查动词短语的辨析。句意:我们把鸡肉切碎然后煮些汤吧。look at看;cut up切碎;put off推迟;knock against碰,撞。根据句意可知选B。