中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练34最热话题
主要内容
任务型阅读 在线学习的注意事项
语法填空 洛杉矶的一个堆肥项目
完形填空 有的人不热衷于庆祝生日的原因
阅读理解 一本自我提升类的书籍《被讨厌的勇气》
介绍了一项研究，证明了道德课会对学生行为产生影响
研究表明，人体内的成纤维细胞在夜间会关闭，夜间的伤口愈合过程比白天慢
纽约巨人足球队进行的四场比赛
No Mow May"运动起源于英国，并在北美迅速扩展开来
一、任务型阅读
（2024·浙江） 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. 1． But are all online courses created equal How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you 2．
We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. 3． "I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule, " says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you're a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. 4． He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
5． A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts.
A. But that doesn't mean there aren't deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
【答案】1．G；2．F；3．A；4．D；5．E
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在线学习的注意事项。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇教育类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
1．根据空前"In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience."在过去的几年里，在线学习已经成为大学生活的重要组成部分。可知，在线学习对大学生活很重要，本空要说跟"这种现象的具体表现"有关的话题， G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. "一项调查发现，29%的大学生注册了在线课程。"承接上文，符合语境，故选G。
2．根据空前"But are all online courses created equal How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you "但是所有的在线课程都是平等的吗？你如何确定数字化学习适合你？可知，上文对在线课程提出疑问，本空可以继续提出疑问，F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade "如果你参加了在线课程，你能做些什么来确保尽可能好的成绩？"承接上文，符合语境，故选F。
3．根据空前"The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. "在线学习最明显的优势是你可以随时随地学习。可知，在线学习具备的优势是可以让你随时随地学习，本空要说跟"学习时间"有关的话题， A. But that doesn't mean there aren't deadlines. "但这并不意味着没有最后期限。"与上文构成转折关系，that指代上一句话，符合语境，故选A。
4．根据空后"He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades."他指出，他的在线学生最终的成绩通常较低。可知，本空要说跟"在线老师"有关的话题， D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. "Alex Davidson教授亲自授课和在线授课"引起下文，下文中的He指代D项中的"Alex Davidson教授"，符合语境。故选D。
5．根据空后"A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts."社会关系通常是学习的重要组成部分。你可以做一些事情来缓解这个问题。本科生杰西卡·平克建议和朋友一起参加在线课程，这样你们就可以互相激励，坚持下去。你也可以在课堂讨论板上找到学生，组织一个学习小组，或者安排与教授面对面的会议，讨论课程概念。可知，本空要说跟"人们之间的互动"有关的话题， E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction. " 对在线课程的主要抱怨是它们缺乏人与人之间的互动。"引起下文，符合语境。故选E。
二、语法填空
（2024·云南模拟）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A composting (堆肥) program at The Wesley School in Los Angeles is helping students get hands-on experience and ways 6． (handle) human-driven climate change. For the past year, all the leftover food waste from the school has gone into composting containers rather than a landfill 7． it would be buried and would produce planet-warming gases.
The school's composting program 8． (come) into being in 2022, and this year, the school held a 9． （celebrate) to reveal what happened inside a series of five-foot-tall containers. Steven Wynbrandt, a local farmer 10． composting consultant who has helped the school with its program, broke the ties that held the container closed. Rich black compost spilled out from the container.
The school will use the compost on plants around campus. Some will 11． (offer) to families that want to use it at home, and whatever is left will be donated.
It takes two hours for the container to be emptied and prepared to receive 12． next day's lunch leftovers. The other containers remain full of food waste that is in the process of 13． (break) down. Decorated 14． (poster) on the outside of each container indicate when they can be opened so that the next generation of plants on campus can benefit 15． the rich soil.
【答案】6．to handle；7．where；8．came；9．celebration；10．and；11．be offered；12．the；13．breaking；14．posters；15．from
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了洛杉矶的一个堆肥项目。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及非谓语动词，定语从句，时态，名词，连词，语态，冠词，介词以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
6．句意：洛杉矶韦斯利学校的一个堆肥项目正在帮助学生获得实践经验，并找到应对人为气候变化的方法。ways to do sth.固定短语，"做某事的方法"，此处不定式作定语。故填to handle。
7．句意：在过去的一年里，学校所有剩下的食物垃圾都被放进了堆肥容器，而不是填埋，填埋会产生导致地球变暖的气体。 it would be buried and would produce planet-warming gases. 是限制性定语从句，先行词是landfill，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。
8．句意：这所学校的堆肥项目于2022年开始，今年，学校举行了一场庆祝活动，展示了一系列5英尺高的集装箱里发生的事情。此处是谓语动词，根据in 2022可知，应用一般过去时，故填came。
9．句意：这所学校的堆肥项目于2022年开始，今年，学校举行了一场庆祝活动，展示了一系列5英尺高的集装箱里发生的事情。此处名词作宾语，结合不定冠词a，应用单数形式。故填celebration。
10．句意：当地农民兼堆肥顾问史蒂文·温布兰特帮助学校开展了这个项目，他打破了固定集装箱的纽带。空格前面是local farmer"当地农民"和后面的composting consultant"堆肥顾问"是并列的，都是前面这个人的身份，表示他是一个当地农民和堆肥顾问，用连词and连接。故填and。
11．句意：一些将提供给那些想在家里使用它的家庭，剩下的将被捐赠。主语Some指的是前句的the compost中的一些，与offer"提供"是被动关系，句子是被动语态，用be offered，结合空前的will可知，句子用一般将来时的被动语态。故填be offered。
12．句意：将容器清空并准备接收第二天的午餐剩饭需要两个小时。next"下一个的"，修饰名词时，前面通常有定冠词the，此处表示:第二天的午饭剩饭。故填the。
13．句意：其他容器仍然装满了正在分解的食物垃圾。in the process of "在……的过程中"，介词of后接宾语，应用动名词，故填breaking。
14．句意：每个容器外面都有装饰海报，标明何时可以打开，这样校园里的下一代植物就能从肥沃的土壤中受益。此处名词作主语。poster"海报"，可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用复数。故填 posters。
15．句意：每个容器外面都有装饰海报，标明何时可以打开，这样校园里的下一代植物就能从肥沃的土壤中受益。benefit from 固定短语，"从……受益"，此处表示:校园里植物的后代能从富饶的土壤中受益。故填from。
三、完形填空
（2024·昆明模拟）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Generally, most people feel delighted when birthday comes, especially children. They count the days and can't wait to send 16． to their friends, in hope of getting together and enjoying a birthday cake. 17． , not everyone is excited about birthday. There are many people out there who never 18． to celebrate it. They find the day as 19． as any other day. Nothing in their routine changes in the name of 20． .
This may be common in those who are in their 50's or older. For some people in this age, life becomes a 21． that is going on and on and at a 22． pace. They feel like losing control of their time and every passing year 23． the fear of dying soon. This is not good as it stimulates negativity. But some people do so and they can't 24． it. Their birthday is nothing more than 25． news for them.
Some people do not like to come to the notice of others due to any possible reason on this earth. They just don't want to be the 26． of others. You may feel surprised about this nature but they like to remain as part of the crowd. Birthdays are 27． to this feeling as they bring sudden 28． to people.
There is also another part of the population that thinks it is a 29． of money. Their logic is, why lose the hard-earned 30． for the pleasure of three to four hours
16．A． blessings B． greetings C． invitation D． gratitude
17．A． Anyway B． Besides
C． Therefore D． Nevertheless
18．A． long B． refuse C． remember D． manage
19．A． normal B． active C． exciting D． busy
20．A． leisure B． celebration C． sympathy D． admiration
21．A． reality B． dream C． story D． journey
22．A． consistent B． slower C． faster D． steadier
23．A． cuts up B． builds up C． takes up D． breaks up
24．A． help B． get C． make D． put
25．A． wonderful B． awful C． unexpected D． rare
26．A． pride B． example C． focus D． burden
27．A． familiar B． fundamental C． similar D． contrary
28．A． shelter B． attention C． sign D． appearance
29．A． budget B． collection C． waste D． lack
30．A． reputation B． rest C． time D． salary
【答案】16．C；17．D；18．A；19．A；20．B；21．D；22．C；23．B；24．A；25．B；26．C；27．D；28．B；29．C；30．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了有的人不热衷于庆祝生日的原因。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
16．句意：他们数着日子，迫不及待地向朋友发 出邀请，希望能聚在一起享受生日蛋糕。A. blessings"祝福"；B. greetings"问候"；C. invitation"邀请"；D. gratitude "感激"。根据空后"in hope of getting together and enjoying a birthday cake."可知，他们迫不及待的想邀请朋友一起过生日。故选C。
17．句意：然而，并不是每个人都对生日感到兴奋。A. Anyway"无论如何"；B. Besides"此外"；C. Therefore"因此"；D. Nevertheless"然而"。根据上文"Generally, most people feel delighted when birthday comes, especially children."；以及空后"not everyone is excited about birthday."可知，前后句为转折关系。故选D。
18．句意：外面有许多人从不渴望庆祝它。A. long"渴望"；B. refuse "拒绝"；C. remember"记住"；D. manage"设法完成"。根据上文"not everyone is excited about birthday."可知，外面有许多人从不渴望庆祝生日。故选A。
19．句意：他们发现这一天和其他任何一 天一样平常。A. normal"正常的，平常的"；B. active"积极的"；C. exciting"令人兴奋的"；D. busy"忙的"。根据下文"Nothing in their routine changes in the name of 5 ."可知，这一天和其他任何一天一样平常。故选A。
20．句意：他们的日常生活中没有任何以庆祝为名的改变。A. leisure"休闲"；B. celebration"庆祝"；C. sympathy"同情"；D. admiration"羡慕"。根据上文"There are many people out there who never 3 to celebrate it. "可知，他们没有以庆祝的名义进行任何改变。故选B。
21．句意：对于这个年龄段的一些人来说，生活变成了一段不断前进、节奏更快的旅程。A. reality"事实"；B. dream"梦"；C. story"故事"；D. journey"旅行"。根据空后"that is going on and on and at a 7 pace"可知，对于这些人来说，生活变成了一段不断前进、节奏更快的旅程。故选D。
22．句意：对于这个年龄段的一些人来说，生活变成了一段不断前进、节奏更快的旅程。A. consistent "一致的"；B. slower"更慢的"；C. faster"更快的"；D. steadier"更稳定的"。根据下文"They feel like losing control of their time and every passing year 8 the fear of dying soon."可知，生活变成了一场不停地以更快的速度进行的旅行。故选C。
23．句意：他们觉得自己失去了对时间的控制，每过一年对死亡的恐惧就增加一点。A. cuts up"切碎"；B. builds up"建立，逐渐的增长"；C. takes up"开始从事"；D. breaks up"分手"。根据空后"the fear of dying soon"可知，每过一年对死亡的恐惧就增加一点。故选B。
24．句意：但有些人就是这样做的，他们也没法控制。A. help"帮助"；B. get"得到"；C. make"制作"；D. put"放置"。根据上文"They feel like losing control of their time and every passing year 8 the fear of dying soon."可知，尽管这些人对生日有恐惧，但生日该来还是来，他们也没法控制。故选A。
25．句意：他们的生日对他们来说只不过是个糟糕的消息。A. wonderful"美好的"；B. awful"糟糕的"；C. unexpected"难以预料的"；D. rare"罕见的"。根据上文"They feel like losing control of their time and every passing year 8 the fear of dying soon."可知，他们的生日对他们来说只不过 是个糟糕的消息。故选B。
26．句意：他们只是不想成为别人的焦点。A. pride"自豪"；B. example"例子"；C. focus"焦点"；D. burden"负担"。根据上文"Some people do not like to come to the notice of others due to any possible reason on this earth."可知，他们不想成为别人的焦点。故选C。
27．句意：生日与这种感觉相反，它会突然引起人们的注意。A. familiar"熟悉的"；B. fundamental "基础的"；C. similar"相似的"；D. contrary"相反的"。根据上文"They just don't want to be the 11 of others."可知，生日与这种感觉相反。故选D。
28．句意：生日与这种感觉相反，它会突然引起人们的注意。A. shelter"避难所"；B. attention"注意力"；C. sign"标志"；D. appearance"出 现"。根据空前"Birthdays are 12 to this feeling as they bring sudden"可知，生日会引起他人的注意。故选B。
29．句意：还有另一部分人认为这是浪费钱。A. budget"预算"；B. collection"收藏品"；C. waste "浪费"；D. lack"缺乏"。根据下文"Their logic is, why lose the hard-earned 15 for the pleasure of three to four hours "可知，有人认为过生日是浪费钱。故选C。
30．句意：他们的逻辑是，为什么要为了三到四个小时的快感而失去辛苦挣来的薪水呢？A. reputation "名声"；B. rest"休息"；C. time"时间"；D. salary"工资，薪水"。根据空前"the hard-earned"可知，此处指辛苦挣来的薪水。故选D。
四、阅读理解
（2024高三上·攀枝花模拟） 阅读理解
Recently I've been drawn to books which motivate me to look at myself, and hopefully make me a better "me". The Courage to Be Disliked, by Ichiro Kishimi and Fumitake Koya, has a title I just can't go past.
The book has taken Japan by storm, using the theories of philosopher Alfred Adler to create conversations between a fictional philosopher and a young man. The conversations cover many broad, interesting and sensitive topics. The philosopher character sticks by the theories of Adler, and explains how we are competent to determine our own lives, and be free of the influence of past experiences and others' expectations. It's a way of thinking that allows us to develop the courage to change and to ignore the limitations placed on us.
These often complex topics are played out in a conversational style between the two men. While it's easy to follow the conversations, the topics will knock around in your own head as you work out whether you sit on the side of the philosopher, the young man, or somewhere in between. The book is well-received by readers primarily owing to the fact that it presents two well-balanced viewpoints in the arguments. You'll find yourself doing household chores, or at your keyboard, unpacking all the information in your mind and coming to your own conclusions.
You will wholeheartedly agree on some points and want to throw the book at the wall at others. Its content is polarizing (两极分化) and I certainly don't agree with everything the philosopher or the young man says, but I think that's the point. The Courage to Be Disliked is there to start a conversation with yourself and do some slightly uncomfortable soul-searching.
31．Which category does the book belong to
A．Self-improvement. B．Philosophy theory.
C．Collection of experiences. D．Biography of Alfred Adler.
32．Which statement might the fictional philosopher agree with
A．People are free of their past influence.
B．People can take charge of their life course.
C．People should live up to others' expectations.
D．People ought to take their limitations seriously.
33．How does the book develop
A．By listing sufficient data. B．By making comparisons.
C．By following the time line. D．By presenting dialogues.
34．Why is the book popular with readers
A．It shows ideas in plain language.
B．It displays the scientific statistics.
C．It offers balanced sides to the topics.
D．It avoids the use of philosophic terms.
【答案】31．A
32．B
33．D
34．C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，推荐了一本自我提升类的书籍《被讨厌的勇气》
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇书评，首先要仔细阅读短文，掌握大意，然后结合具体的题目，再读短文，从中找出相关信息，就可以确定正确答案。
31．考查推理判断。根据第一段"Recently I've been drawn to books which motivate me to look at myself, and hopefully make me a better ‘me'. The Courage to Be Disliked, by Ichiro Kishimi and Fumitake Koya, has a title I just can't go past."最近，我被一些书所吸引，它们能激励我审视自己，并希望能让我成为一个更好的"我"。Ichiro Kishimi和Fumitake Koya合著的《被讨厌的勇气》的书名让我无法忘怀；以及最后一段中的"The Courage to Be Disliked is there to start a conversation with yourself and do some slightly uncomfortable soul-searching."《被讨厌的勇气》可以激发你和自己的对话，做一些稍微不舒服的自我反省。可推知，《被讨厌的勇气》属于自我提升类书籍。故选A。
32．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"The philosopher character sticks by the theories of Adler, and explains how we are competent to determine our own lives, and be free of the influence of past experiences and others' expectations."哲学家的角色坚持Adler的理论，并解释了我们如何有能力决定自己的生活，不受过去经验和他人期望的影响。可知，书中的哲学家认为人有能力决定自己的生活。因此，他应该会赞同的观点是"人们可以主导自己的人生道路"。故选B。
33．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"These often complex topics are played out in a conversational style between the two men."这些通常很复杂的话题在两人之间以对话的方式展开。可知，这本书是通过呈现对话的方式展开的。故选D。
34．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"The book is well-received by readers primarily owing to the fact that it presents two well-balanced viewpoints in the arguments."这本书受到读者的广泛欢迎，主要是因为它在论证中呈现了两个平衡的观点。可知，这本书受欢迎是因为它为话题提供了平衡的观点。故选C。
（2024高三下·模拟）阅读理解
Applied Ethics
Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior; evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.
The researchers investigated one class session's impact on eating meat. According to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel, a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside: students' attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat, optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then, unbeknownst to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester — nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students. "It's an awesome data set," says Nina Strohminger, a psychologist who teaches business ethics at the University of Pennsylvania and was not involved in the study.
Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors, including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent — and this effect held steady for the study's duration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent.
"That's actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention." Schwitzgebel says. Strohminger agrees: "The thing that still blows my mind is that the only thing that's different between these two cases is just that one day in class." She says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real. Strohminger notes, it might be reversible by another nudge: "Easy come, easy go."
Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence — classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role. Now the researchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants' eating habits and students' video exposure. Meanwhile Schwitzgebel who had predicted no effect — will be eating his words.
35． Paragraph 2 is mainly about ____.
A．Research reasons and process
B．Research subjects and findings
C．Research topic and significance
D．Research data collection and analysis
36． Which of the following doesn't lead to the researchers' investigation into meat-eating among students
A．Students' knowledge of the topic.
B．Students' easily-measured behaviors.
C．Students' changeable and unsteady attitudes.
D．Students' unawareness of ethics lessons' impact.
37． What does the underlined phrase "blows my mind" in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Convinces me. B．Upsets me.
C．Alarms me. D．Amazes me.
38． What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To prove Schwitzgebel's prediction is wrong.
B．To show teaching works in behavior changing.
C．To explain students are easy to make a change.
D．To justify investigation into ethics is worthwhile.
【答案】35．A
36．D
37．D
38．D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项研究，证明了道德课会对学生行为产生影响。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和段落大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
35．考查段落大意。根据第二段中的"The researchers investigated one class session's impact on eating meat. "研究人员调查了一节课对吃肉的影响；以及"Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat, optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then, unbeknownst to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester — nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students."四个大型哲学班的一半学生阅读了一篇关于工厂化养殖肉类伦理的文章，有选择地观看了一段11分钟的视频，并参加了50分钟的讨论。另一半则专注于慈善捐赠。然后，在学生们不知情的情况下，研究人员研究了他们在该学期购买的匿名餐卡——近500名学生的近14000张收据。可知，第二段主要讲为了调查一节课对吃肉的影响而实施的研究过程，即研究原因和过程。故选A。
36．考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"students' attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. "学生对这个话题的态度是多变和不稳定的，行为很容易衡量，伦理文献基本上同意少吃肉类是好的，因为它可以减少对环境的伤害和动物的痛苦。可知，学生对该主题的了解（相关伦理文献）、学生易于衡量的行为和学生多变和不稳定的态度都是导致了研究人员对学生吃肉的调查，"学生不知道道德课的影响"未提及。故选D。
37．考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的"‘That's actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention.' Schwitzgebel says. Strohminger agrees: ‘The thing that still blows my mind is that the only thing that's different between these two cases is just that one day in class.'""对于一个很小的干预来说，这实际上是一个相当大的影响。"Schwitzgebel说。Strohminger对此表示赞同："blows my mind的东西是，这两种情况之间唯一不同的地方就是上课的那一天。"可知，很小的干预有很大影响，这反差令人震惊，Strohminger也表示同意。可推知，划线短语blows my mind应该是"令我震惊"，故选D。
38．考查推理判断。根据第一段"Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior; evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects. "尽管伦理学课程在世界各地都很常见，但科学家们不确定他们的课程是否真的能改变行为；无论哪种方式的证据都很薄弱，依赖于人为的实验室测试或有时不可靠的自我报告。但发表在《认知》杂志上的一项新研究发现，至少在一种现实世界中，一堂伦理课可能会产生持久的影响；第四段中的"‘That's actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention.' Schwitzgebel says. ""对于一个很小的干预来说，这实际上是一个相当大的影响。"Schwitzgebel说；以及最后一段中的"Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence — classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role. Now the researchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants' eating habits and students' video exposure."(Schwitzgebel怀疑最大的影响来自社会影响——领导讨论的同学或助教可能分享了他们自己的素食主义，这表明素食主义是可以实现的或更普遍。其次，视频可能产生了情感影响。他认为，最不令人振奋的是理性的论点，尽管他的合著者说理性可能会发挥更大的作用。现在，研究人员正在探索教学风格、助教的饮食习惯和学生的视频曝光的具体影响。可知，研究的主要目的是讲述道德课对行为会产生影响，即证明对道德的调查是值得的。故选D。
（2024·红河模拟） 阅读理解
When we are tired or injured, we often go to bed earlier to recharge and mend our bodies. That's because we often think that night is a golden time to deal with stress or injuries. But is it true
Nathaniel Hoyle, a scientist of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, UK, has been leading a study into this topic. The team discovered that fibroblast cells(成纤维细胞) in the body switch off at night. These cells help close up a wound after the skin is broken and lay a foundation for new skin to grow. Why exactly are these cells less active at night
It's all to do with your body's circadian (昼夜节律的) rhythm—a 24-hour internal clock that helps your cells do their jobs on time. New Scientist reported that a group of 30 genes that control the fibroblasts worked only daytime shifts, causing the slower healing process at night.
To test its theory, the Cambridge-based team examined data from the International Burn Injury Database, which records details of burn victims around the world. This analysis revealed that nighttime burns, on average, took 11 more days to heal than burns during the day.
A similar result occurred while experimenting using live mice. Those that were cut during night-time hours recovered more slowly than those during the day. "You can see by eyes, when the cell is wounded only 8 hours apart from each other, in a different circadian periods, the daytime wounded ones take off, and the nighttime ones drag," research team member John O'Neill told Science Alert.
He added, "The time-varying response may be an evolutionary adaptation. As people are more likely to sustain injuries when awake than when sleeping, perhaps our bodies are prepared to respond more quickly in the daytime." He went on to say that it could be beneficial to schedule surgeries in time with people's circadian rhythms, earlier for early birds and later for night owls, in order to lessen recovery time. However, in any case, it might be best not to use anything sharp once the sun goes down.
39．What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To explain how we recharge our bodies.
B．To arouse the interest of the readers in the topic.
C．To prove that everyone suffers stress and injuries.
D．To introduce a new discovery for dealing with stress.
40．What do the researchers find during their research
A．Burns take the same time to heal regardless of their cut time.
B．Fibroblast cells boost the healing by working nighttime shift.
C．Mice respond differently in the healing process from humans.
D．A body's circadian rhythm matters in waking up fibroblast cells.
41．What can we learn according to John O'Neill
A．People tend to bear pain more when they are asleep.
B．Sharp knives are not suggested in the middle of the day.
C．Night owls operated on in the nighttime may recover sooner.
D．Evolution adaptation causes people's time-varying responses.
42．What can be a suitable title for this passage
A．Why We Heal Injuries Better in the Daytime
B．A Research Offers Clues to Treating Injuries
C．How We Heal Wounds and Injuries Effectively
D．Scientists Unlock the Secret to Avoiding Injuries
【答案】39．B
40．D
41．D
42．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了我们常常认为夜间是应付压力或受伤的黄金时间，但研究表明，人体内的成纤维细胞在夜间会关闭，夜间的伤口愈合过程比白天慢。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和标题归纳两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
39．考查推理判断。根据第一段"When we are tired or injured, we often go to bed earlier to recharge and mend our bodies. That's because we often think that night is a golden time to deal with stress or injuries. But is it true "当我们累了或受伤时，我们经常早点上床睡觉，为我们的身体充电和修复。这是因为我们经常认为晚上是应对压力或受伤的黄金时段。但这是真的吗？可知，第一段列举了生活中经常发生的情况，人们在劳累或受伤时往往会选择早睡，因为人们认为晚上是应对压力或受伤的黄金时段，并在结尾用"But is it true "进行反问，引出接下来的讨论，可推测出，作者通过第一段来吸引读者对"夜间是否适合应对压力或受伤"这一话题的兴趣。故选B。
40．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"The team discovered that fibroblast cells(成纤维细胞) in the body switch off at night."研究小组发现，人体内的成纤维细胞在夜间会关闭；"Why exactly are these cells less active at night ("为什么这些细胞在晚上的活性会降低？；以及第三段中的"It's all to do with your body's circadian (昼夜节律的) rhythm—a 24-hour internal clock that helps your cells do their jobs on time."这一切都与你身体的昼夜节律有关——一个24小时的内部时钟，帮助你的细胞按时完成工作。可推知，成纤维细胞受身体的昼夜节律影响，昼夜节律帮助细胞按时工作，因此在唤醒成纤维细胞方面有重要作用。故选D。
41．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"The time-varying response may be an evolutionary adaptation. As people are more likely to sustain injuries when awake than when sleeping, perhaps our bodies are prepared to respond more quickly in the daytime. "时变反应可能是一种进化适应。由于人们在清醒时比在睡觉时更容易受伤，也许我们的身体已经做好了在白天更快反应的准备。可推测，进化适应使得人产生时变反应。故选D。
42．考查标题归纳。根据第二段中的"The team discovered that fibroblast cells(成纤维细胞) in the body switch off at night. These cells help close up a wound after the skin is broken and lay a foundation for new skin to grow. Why exactly are these cells less active at night "研究小组发现，人体内的成纤维细胞在夜间会关闭。这些细胞有助于在皮肤破裂后闭合伤口，并为新皮肤的生长奠定基础。为什么这些细胞在晚上的活性会降低？可知，本文主要讲述了夜间的伤口愈合过程比白天慢的原理，"为什么我们在白天伤口愈合更好"适合作本文标题。故选A。
（2023高三上·河北模拟） 阅读理解
NY Giants game-by-game predictions for the 2023 NFL season
Week 1:vs Cowboys
Sunday, Sept. 10, 8:20 p. m.
At some point, the Giants are going to have to break through and prove they can play atthe level of Dallas and Philadelphia in the NFC East. Dak Prescott has had their number for awhile now, too. But let's just say Big Blue rides the momentum(势头)of being at home in the opener
Prediction:Win
Week 2:at Cardinals
Sunday, Sept. 17, 8:05 p. m.
It's unlikely that Kyler Murray is on the field to face the Giants this early in his ACL recovery. That's a positive for the defense, and I can see the Cardinals being out manned(数量优势的) here as Daniel Jones tests this defense being put together by new head coach Jonathan Gannon.
Prediction:Win
Week 3:at 49ers
Thursday, Sept. 21, 8:15 p. m.
This is a tough spot, even if the Giants stay out west and practice in Phoenix in order to cut down on the short-week travel to California for this one. The 49ers are loaded defensively and Christian Mc Caffrey is going to test the Giants' rebuilt run defense, putting pressure on the revamped(改进过的)middle featuring Bobby Okereke. It's uncertain which quarterback will be available for San Francisco, and it could be Sam Darnold.
Prediction:Loss
Week 4:vs Seahawks
Monday, Oct. 2, 8:20 p. m.
The Giants return home to Met Life for"Monday Night Football"against Geno Smith and his team the Seahawks, who beat Big Blue in their building last year. Let's say for argument's sake that the Giants return the favor.
Prediction:Win
43．Which event may see the Giants' failure
A．Week 1:vs Cowboys B．Week 2:at Cardinals
C．Week 3:at 49ers D．Week 4:vs Seahawks
44．What is Geno Smith
A．A player in the Giants. B．A coach in Cowboys.
C．Manager of Big Blue. D．An athlete in the Seahawks.
45．The events mentioned above will be held
A．in the evening. B．in September.
C．in the same place. D．by different hosts.
【答案】43．C
44．D
45．A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了纽约巨人足球队进行的四场比赛。
【点评】考查阅读理解，包含细节理解题，是一篇介绍类阅读，注意先略读文章，掌握文章大意，再分析题干及选项，到文中找到相关内容并进行理解。
43．考查细节理解。根据Week 3:at 49ers部分中的"Prediction: Loss"预测：失败。可知，第三周巨人队有可能输掉比赛。故选C。
44．考查细节理解。根据Week 4:vs Seahawks 部分中的"The Giants return home to Met Life for "Monday Night Football" against Geno Smith and his team the Seahawks, who beat Big Blue in their building last year."巨人队回到大都会生活中心参加"周一晚间橄榄球赛"，对手是去年在主场击败蓝色巨人队的吉诺·史密斯和他的球队海鹰队。可知，Geno Smith是海鹰队的球员。故选D。
45．考查细节理解。根据四周的时间"Sunday, Sept.10, 8:20 p.m." 9月10日，星期日，晚上8点20分；"Sunday, Sept.17, 8:05 p.m." 9月17日，星期日，晚上8点05分；"Thursday, Sept.21, 8:15 p.m." 9月21日星期四晚8点15分；以及"Monday, Oct.2, 8:20 p.m."10月2日星期一晚上8点20分。可知，它们都是在晚上举行。故选A。
（2023高三下·邯郸模拟）阅读理解Bee protection is a big issue these days in America, with people planting native pollinator(传粉者) gardens, setting up bee houses, and taking part in scientific activities to monitor local bee populations. And this is for good reason—in North America, a quarter of native bee species are at risk of extinction. Bees pollinate 35 percent of our global food supply and many of the wild plants our ecosystems depend on.
No Mow May, a movement that began in the UK, is now rapidly spreading throughout the US. Its popularity lies in its being simple: Just give bees a help during the crucial spring-time by removing a chore from your list and letting your lawn(草坪) grow for the month of May. This lets "lawn flowers" such as dandelions(蒲公英) grow at a time when bee foods rare.
Dandelions, despite being pretty and useful, are non-native. Then why do we promote a movement that encourages their growth Here's the basic answer-don't let "perfect" be the enemy of "good". Sure, it'd be great to turn your entire neighborhood into a bee kingdom of native plants, but that can take lots of time and money.
While dandelions have become the poster child for No Mow May, other plants—including native species—may also appear in your lawn. "Besides dandelions, there are many other plants that are going to be there," says Dr. Claudio Gratton at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
In Massachusetts, scientists found 63 species of plants in lawns, 30 percent of which were native to the state. Most of the Americans probably loved dandelions as children but have tended to hate them as adults because of American lawn culture, which allows no flowers. "No Mow May forces us to think about our relationship with nature. We should reflect on the way we have made nature suit our needs, and realize flowers play really important roles," says Dr. Claudio Cratton.
46．What is the background to No Mow May in the US
A．Native bee species are increasing.
B．There is a tendency to protect bees.
C．Bees mainly depend on garden plants.
D．More people have no time to cut lawns.
47．What do we know about the No Mow May
A．It needs almost no cost.
B．Few Americans support it.
C．It is aimed at growing dandelions.
D．It appeals for careful attention to the lawns.
48．What does the underlined part "poster child" in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Slight element. B．Rare exception.
C．Typical example. D．Difficult problem.
49．Which of the following agrees with American lawn culture
A．A bee-friendly lawn. B．A regularly cut lawn.
C．A lawn growing naturally. D．A lawn with native flowers.
【答案】46．B
47．A
48．C
49．B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。"No Mow May"运动起源于英国，并在北美迅速扩展开来。通过这项活动，人们可以为草坪留下自由生长的花，以此让蜜蜂授粉。这一活动不仅有利于生态环境，而且可以让人反思自己与自然的关系。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。
46．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"Bee protection is a big issue these days in America, with people planting native pollinator gardens, setting up bee houses, and taking part in scientific activities to monitor local bee populations. And this is for good reason—in North America, a quarter of native bee species are at risk of extinction. Bees pollinate 35 percent of our global food supply and many of the wild plants our ecosystems depend on."如今，蜜蜂保护在美国是一个大问题，人们在当地种植授粉花园，建立蜜蜂屋，并参加科学活动来监测当地的蜜蜂数量。这是有充分理由的——在北美，四分之一的本土蜜蜂物种正面临灭绝的危险。蜜蜂为全球35%的食物供应和我们生态系统所依赖的许多野生植物授粉。可知，No Mow May在美国的背景是有一种保护蜜蜂的趋势。故选B。
47．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"No Mow May, a movement that began in the UK, is now rapidly spreading throughout the US. Its popularity lies in its being simple: Just give bees a help during the crucial springtime by removing a chore from your list and letting your lawn grow for the month of May. This lets‘lawn flowers' such as dandelions grow at a time when bee food is rare."始于英国的"No Mow May"运动正在全美迅速蔓延。它的流行在于它很简单:只要在关键的春天给蜜蜂一个帮助，从你的清单上删除一件杂务，让你的草坪在5月份生长。这使得蒲公英等"草坪花朵"在蜜蜂食物稀少的时候生长。可推知，这项运动几乎不用任何费用。故选A。
48．考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的"other plants-including native species — may also appear in your lawn"可知，蒲公英是"No Mow May"运动扩展后常见的花，而这项运动也会让草坪上长出其他种类的花。即蒲公英是"No Mow May"运动的典型例子。可推断，画线词poster child 意为"典型例子"。故选C。
49．考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"Its popularity lies in its being simple: Just give bees a help during the crucial springtime by removing a chore from your list and letting your lawn grow for the month of May."它的流行在于它很简单：只要在关键的春天给蜜蜂一个帮助，从你的清单上删除一件杂务，让你的草坪在5月份生长；以及最后一段中的"Most of the Americans probably loved dandelions as children but have tended to hate them as adults because of American lawn culture, which allows no flowers."大多数美国人可能从小就喜欢蒲公英，但长大后却开始讨厌蒲公英，因为美国的草坪文化不允许花。可知，一块定期修剪的草坪才是符合美国草坪文化的。故选B。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
热点时事话题专练34最热话题
主要内容
任务型阅读 在线学习的注意事项
语法填空 洛杉矶的一个堆肥项目
完形填空 有的人不热衷于庆祝生日的原因
阅读理解 一本自我提升类的书籍《被讨厌的勇气》
介绍了一项研究，证明了道德课会对学生行为产生影响
研究表明，人体内的成纤维细胞在夜间会关闭，夜间的伤口愈合过程比白天慢
纽约巨人足球队进行的四场比赛
No Mow May"运动起源于英国，并在北美迅速扩展开来
一、任务型阅读
（2024·浙江） 根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience. 1． But are all online courses created equal How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you 2．
We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obvious advantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. 3． "I think a point that many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule, " says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you're a self-motivated learner and if the material seems interesting enough to keep you going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in person courses. 4． He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
5． A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this problem. Jessica Pink an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts.
A. But that doesn't mean there aren't deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
二、语法填空
（2024·云南模拟）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A composting (堆肥) program at The Wesley School in Los Angeles is helping students get hands-on experience and ways 6． (handle) human-driven climate change. For the past year, all the leftover food waste from the school has gone into composting containers rather than a landfill 7． it would be buried and would produce planet-warming gases.
The school's composting program 8． (come) into being in 2022, and this year, the school held a 9． （celebrate) to reveal what happened inside a series of five-foot-tall containers. Steven Wynbrandt, a local farmer 10． composting consultant who has helped the school with its program, broke the ties that held the container closed. Rich black compost spilled out from the container.
The school will use the compost on plants around campus. Some will 11． (offer) to families that want to use it at home, and whatever is left will be donated.
It takes two hours for the container to be emptied and prepared to receive 12． next day's lunch leftovers. The other containers remain full of food waste that is in the process of 13． (break) down. Decorated 14． (poster) on the outside of each container indicate when they can be opened so that the next generation of plants on campus can benefit 15． the rich soil.
三、完形填空
（2024·昆明模拟）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Generally, most people feel delighted when birthday comes, especially children. They count the days and can't wait to send 16． to their friends, in hope of getting together and enjoying a birthday cake. 17． , not everyone is excited about birthday. There are many people out there who never 18． to celebrate it. They find the day as 19． as any other day. Nothing in their routine changes in the name of 20． .
This may be common in those who are in their 50's or older. For some people in this age, life becomes a 21． that is going on and on and at a 22． pace. They feel like losing control of their time and every passing year 23． the fear of dying soon. This is not good as it stimulates negativity. But some people do so and they can't 24． it. Their birthday is nothing more than 25． news for them.
Some people do not like to come to the notice of others due to any possible reason on this earth. They just don't want to be the 26． of others. You may feel surprised about this nature but they like to remain as part of the crowd. Birthdays are 27． to this feeling as they bring sudden 28． to people.
There is also another part of the population that thinks it is a 29． of money. Their logic is, why lose the hard-earned 30． for the pleasure of three to four hours
16．A． blessings B． greetings C． invitation D． gratitude
17．A． Anyway B． Besides
C． Therefore D． Nevertheless
18．A． long B． refuse C． remember D． manage
19．A． normal B． active C． exciting D． busy
20．A． leisure B． celebration C． sympathy D． admiration
21．A． reality B． dream C． story D． journey
22．A． consistent B． slower C． faster D． steadier
23．A． cuts up B． builds up C． takes up D． breaks up
24．A． help B． get C． make D． put
25．A． wonderful B． awful C． unexpected D． rare
26．A． pride B． example C． focus D． burden
27．A． familiar B． fundamental C． similar D． contrary
28．A． shelter B． attention C． sign D． appearance
29．A． budget B． collection C． waste D． lack
30．A． reputation B． rest C． time D． salary
四、阅读理解
（2024高三上·攀枝花模拟） 阅读理解
Recently I've been drawn to books which motivate me to look at myself, and hopefully make me a better "me". The Courage to Be Disliked, by Ichiro Kishimi and Fumitake Koya, has a title I just can't go past.
The book has taken Japan by storm, using the theories of philosopher Alfred Adler to create conversations between a fictional philosopher and a young man. The conversations cover many broad, interesting and sensitive topics. The philosopher character sticks by the theories of Adler, and explains how we are competent to determine our own lives, and be free of the influence of past experiences and others' expectations. It's a way of thinking that allows us to develop the courage to change and to ignore the limitations placed on us.
These often complex topics are played out in a conversational style between the two men. While it's easy to follow the conversations, the topics will knock around in your own head as you work out whether you sit on the side of the philosopher, the young man, or somewhere in between. The book is well-received by readers primarily owing to the fact that it presents two well-balanced viewpoints in the arguments. You'll find yourself doing household chores, or at your keyboard, unpacking all the information in your mind and coming to your own conclusions.
You will wholeheartedly agree on some points and want to throw the book at the wall at others. Its content is polarizing (两极分化) and I certainly don't agree with everything the philosopher or the young man says, but I think that's the point. The Courage to Be Disliked is there to start a conversation with yourself and do some slightly uncomfortable soul-searching.
31．Which category does the book belong to
A．Self-improvement. B．Philosophy theory.
C．Collection of experiences. D．Biography of Alfred Adler.
32．Which statement might the fictional philosopher agree with
A．People are free of their past influence.
B．People can take charge of their life course.
C．People should live up to others' expectations.
D．People ought to take their limitations seriously.
33．How does the book develop
A．By listing sufficient data. B．By making comparisons.
C．By following the time line. D．By presenting dialogues.
34．Why is the book popular with readers
A．It shows ideas in plain language.
B．It displays the scientific statistics.
C．It offers balanced sides to the topics.
D．It avoids the use of philosophic terms.
（2024高三下·模拟）阅读理解
Applied Ethics
Although ethics classes are common around the world, scientists are unsure if their lessons can actually change behavior; evidence either way is weak, relying on contrived laboratory tests or sometimes unreliable self-reports. But a new study published in Cognition found that, in at least one real-world situation, a single ethics lesson may have had lasting effects.
The researchers investigated one class session's impact on eating meat. According to study co-author Eric Schwitzgebel, a philosopher at the University of California, Riverside: students' attitudes on the topic are variable and unstable, behavior is easily measurable, and ethics literature largely agrees that eating less meat is good because it reduces environmental harm and animal suffering. Half of the students in four large philosophy classes read an article on the ethics of factory-farmed meat, optionally watched an 11-minute video on the topic and joined a 50-minute discussion. The other half focused on charitable giving instead. Then, unbeknownst to the students, the researchers studied their anonymized meal-card purchases for that semester — nearly 14,000 receipts for almost 500 students. "It's an awesome data set," says Nina Strohminger, a psychologist who teaches business ethics at the University of Pennsylvania and was not involved in the study.
Schwitzgebel predicted the intervention would have no effect; he had previously found that ethics professors do not differ from other professors on a range of behaviors, including voting rates, blood donation and returning library books. But among student subjects who discussed meat ethics, meal purchases containing meat decreased from 52 to 45 percent — and this effect held steady for the study's duration of several weeks. Purchases from the other group remained at 52 percent.
"That's actually a pretty large effect for a pretty small intervention." Schwitzgebel says. Strohminger agrees: "The thing that still blows my mind is that the only thing that's different between these two cases is just that one day in class." She says she wants the effect to be real but cannot rule out some unknown confounding variable. And if real. Strohminger notes, it might be reversible by another nudge: "Easy come, easy go."
Schwitzgebel suspects the greatest impact came from social influence — classmates or teaching assistants leading the discussions may have shared their own vegetarianism, showing it as achievable or more common. Second, the video may have had an emotional impact. Least rousing, he thinks, was rational argument, although his co-authors say reason might play a bigger role. Now the researchers are probing the specific effects of teaching style, teaching assistants' eating habits and students' video exposure. Meanwhile Schwitzgebel who had predicted no effect — will be eating his words.
35． Paragraph 2 is mainly about ____.
A．Research reasons and process
B．Research subjects and findings
C．Research topic and significance
D．Research data collection and analysis
36． Which of the following doesn't lead to the researchers' investigation into meat-eating among students
A．Students' knowledge of the topic.
B．Students' easily-measured behaviors.
C．Students' changeable and unsteady attitudes.
D．Students' unawareness of ethics lessons' impact.
37． What does the underlined phrase "blows my mind" in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Convinces me. B．Upsets me.
C．Alarms me. D．Amazes me.
38． What is the main purpose of the passage
A．To prove Schwitzgebel's prediction is wrong.
B．To show teaching works in behavior changing.
C．To explain students are easy to make a change.
D．To justify investigation into ethics is worthwhile.
（2024·红河模拟） 阅读理解
When we are tired or injured, we often go to bed earlier to recharge and mend our bodies. That's because we often think that night is a golden time to deal with stress or injuries. But is it true
Nathaniel Hoyle, a scientist of the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, UK, has been leading a study into this topic. The team discovered that fibroblast cells(成纤维细胞) in the body switch off at night. These cells help close up a wound after the skin is broken and lay a foundation for new skin to grow. Why exactly are these cells less active at night
It's all to do with your body's circadian (昼夜节律的) rhythm—a 24-hour internal clock that helps your cells do their jobs on time. New Scientist reported that a group of 30 genes that control the fibroblasts worked only daytime shifts, causing the slower healing process at night.
To test its theory, the Cambridge-based team examined data from the International Burn Injury Database, which records details of burn victims around the world. This analysis revealed that nighttime burns, on average, took 11 more days to heal than burns during the day.
A similar result occurred while experimenting using live mice. Those that were cut during night-time hours recovered more slowly than those during the day. "You can see by eyes, when the cell is wounded only 8 hours apart from each other, in a different circadian periods, the daytime wounded ones take off, and the nighttime ones drag," research team member John O'Neill told Science Alert.
He added, "The time-varying response may be an evolutionary adaptation. As people are more likely to sustain injuries when awake than when sleeping, perhaps our bodies are prepared to respond more quickly in the daytime." He went on to say that it could be beneficial to schedule surgeries in time with people's circadian rhythms, earlier for early birds and later for night owls, in order to lessen recovery time. However, in any case, it might be best not to use anything sharp once the sun goes down.
39．What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A．To explain how we recharge our bodies.
B．To arouse the interest of the readers in the topic.
C．To prove that everyone suffers stress and injuries.
D．To introduce a new discovery for dealing with stress.
40．What do the researchers find during their research
A．Burns take the same time to heal regardless of their cut time.
B．Fibroblast cells boost the healing by working nighttime shift.
C．Mice respond differently in the healing process from humans.
D．A body's circadian rhythm matters in waking up fibroblast cells.
41．What can we learn according to John O'Neill
A．People tend to bear pain more when they are asleep.
B．Sharp knives are not suggested in the middle of the day.
C．Night owls operated on in the nighttime may recover sooner.
D．Evolution adaptation causes people's time-varying responses.
42．What can be a suitable title for this passage
A．Why We Heal Injuries Better in the Daytime
B．A Research Offers Clues to Treating Injuries
C．How We Heal Wounds and Injuries Effectively
D．Scientists Unlock the Secret to Avoiding Injuries
（2023高三上·河北模拟） 阅读理解
NY Giants game-by-game predictions for the 2023 NFL season
Week 1:vs Cowboys
Sunday, Sept. 10, 8:20 p. m.
At some point, the Giants are going to have to break through and prove they can play atthe level of Dallas and Philadelphia in the NFC East. Dak Prescott has had their number for awhile now, too. But let's just say Big Blue rides the momentum(势头)of being at home in the opener
Prediction:Win
Week 2:at Cardinals
Sunday, Sept. 17, 8:05 p. m.
It's unlikely that Kyler Murray is on the field to face the Giants this early in his ACL recovery. That's a positive for the defense, and I can see the Cardinals being out manned(数量优势的) here as Daniel Jones tests this defense being put together by new head coach Jonathan Gannon.
Prediction:Win
Week 3:at 49ers
Thursday, Sept. 21, 8:15 p. m.
This is a tough spot, even if the Giants stay out west and practice in Phoenix in order to cut down on the short-week travel to California for this one. The 49ers are loaded defensively and Christian Mc Caffrey is going to test the Giants' rebuilt run defense, putting pressure on the revamped(改进过的)middle featuring Bobby Okereke. It's uncertain which quarterback will be available for San Francisco, and it could be Sam Darnold.
Prediction:Loss
Week 4:vs Seahawks
Monday, Oct. 2, 8:20 p. m.
The Giants return home to Met Life for"Monday Night Football"against Geno Smith and his team the Seahawks, who beat Big Blue in their building last year. Let's say for argument's sake that the Giants return the favor.
Prediction:Win
43．Which event may see the Giants' failure
A．Week 1:vs Cowboys B．Week 2:at Cardinals
C．Week 3:at 49ers D．Week 4:vs Seahawks
44．What is Geno Smith
A．A player in the Giants. B．A coach in Cowboys.
C．Manager of Big Blue. D．An athlete in the Seahawks.
45．The events mentioned above will be held
A．in the evening. B．in September.
C．in the same place. D．by different hosts.
（2023高三下·邯郸模拟）阅读理解Bee protection is a big issue these days in America, with people planting native pollinator(传粉者) gardens, setting up bee houses, and taking part in scientific activities to monitor local bee populations. And this is for good reason—in North America, a quarter of native bee species are at risk of extinction. Bees pollinate 35 percent of our global food supply and many of the wild plants our ecosystems depend on.
No Mow May, a movement that began in the UK, is now rapidly spreading throughout the US. Its popularity lies in its being simple: Just give bees a help during the crucial spring-time by removing a chore from your list and letting your lawn(草坪) grow for the month of May. This lets "lawn flowers" such as dandelions(蒲公英) grow at a time when bee foods rare.
Dandelions, despite being pretty and useful, are non-native. Then why do we promote a movement that encourages their growth Here's the basic answer-don't let "perfect" be the enemy of "good". Sure, it'd be great to turn your entire neighborhood into a bee kingdom of native plants, but that can take lots of time and money.
While dandelions have become the poster child for No Mow May, other plants—including native species—may also appear in your lawn. "Besides dandelions, there are many other plants that are going to be there," says Dr. Claudio Gratton at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
In Massachusetts, scientists found 63 species of plants in lawns, 30 percent of which were native to the state. Most of the Americans probably loved dandelions as children but have tended to hate them as adults because of American lawn culture, which allows no flowers. "No Mow May forces us to think about our relationship with nature. We should reflect on the way we have made nature suit our needs, and realize flowers play really important roles," says Dr. Claudio Cratton.
46．What is the background to No Mow May in the US
A．Native bee species are increasing.
B．There is a tendency to protect bees.
C．Bees mainly depend on garden plants.
D．More people have no time to cut lawns.
47．What do we know about the No Mow May
A．It needs almost no cost.
B．Few Americans support it.
C．It is aimed at growing dandelions.
D．It appeals for careful attention to the lawns.
48．What does the underlined part "poster child" in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Slight element. B．Rare exception.
C．Typical example. D．Difficult problem.
49．Which of the following agrees with American lawn culture
A．A bee-friendly lawn. B．A regularly cut lawn.
C．A lawn growing naturally. D．A lawn with native flowers.
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