2024年高考英语考前20天冲刺攻略（新高考专用）学案（含答案）

目 录 contents
（一）
阅读理解（细节理解题）……………………………………………………………03
阅读理解（推理判断题）……………………………………………………………23
阅读理解（主旨大意题）……………………………………………………………54
阅读理解（词义猜测题）……………………………………………………………77
阅读理解（七选五）……………………………………………………………… 93
一 阅读理解（细节理解题）
考 纲 引导学生德智体美劳全面发展，加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义先进文化的考查，发挥文化铸魂的育人功能。 强化体美劳教育引导，夯实全面发展基础。 关注时代发展与生活实践，引导学生培养核心素养。
题 型 解 读 细节理解题：考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。 推理判断题：要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。 主旨大意题：包括归纳标题、概括文章大意和段落大意题。主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，能否在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结的能力。 词句猜测题：考查考生在阅读文章时通过各种方法或技巧猜测生词的含义、理解语块的意思以及明确代词指代含义的能力，是考查考生语言运用能力以及思维品质的重要途径。
选 材 体裁：多样化分布，以记叙文、议论文、说明文为主。 取材：广泛、体裁多样。包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容。 话题：近三年围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用能力，试题取材广泛、体裁多样，进一步体现考试对五育（德、智、体、美、劳）全面发展的引导作用，加强对中华优秀传统文化、和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂育人功能。落实立德树人，彰显德育本色 。
2020-2023年高考英语阅读理解考情分析
项目 年份 卷别 语篇类型 题型
应用文 记叙文 说明文 议论文 细节理解 推理判断 主旨要义 词义猜测
2023 新高考I卷 A B C/D 6 7 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 8 3 3 1
2022 新高考I卷 A C D B 10 3 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 7 5 1 2
2021 新高考I卷 A B C/D 6 6 2 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 9 4 1 1
2020 新高考I卷 A B/C D 7 5 1 2
阅读理解题选项特征预测
正确选项 同义替换、 正话反说语言简化
错误选项 张冠李戴 偷梁换柱、正误参半、颠倒是非、无中生有、扩缩范围
预测2024细节理解题倾向于考查直接信息题、间接信息题为主，数字计算题为辅。占有较大比例，而且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题，转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查对英语语言的理解能力，因此难度比往年有所增加。
预测2024年在A篇应用文中出现2题直接信息题。1题间接信息题或数字计算题。
在文中下列地方常命题。1.举例处常考 2.指示代词出现处常考 3.引用人物观点处常考 4.特殊标点符号后的内容常考 5.转折词后常考
细节理解题命题方式
This article is particularly written for ...
When the writer says … he really means ...
The author’s attitude to… is that ...
What kind of atmosphere does the writer want to create in this passage
The writer regards… as ...
The writer’s purpose in writing this story is...
题型归纳01 直接信息题
典例1 【2024·浙江1月高考A篇片段】
Tom Sawyer Play Is an Adventure
A 35-minute hand-clapping, foot-stomping musical version of a Mark Twain favorite returns with this Tall Stacks festival.
“Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure” has all the good stuff, including the fence painting, the graveyard, the island and the cave. It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor. That’s the local stage writing team that creates many of the Children’s Theatre of Cincinnati’s original musicals, along with the holiday family musicals at Ensemble Theatre.
21. Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”
A. David Kisor. B. Joe McDonough.
C. Nathan Turner. D. Robbie McMath.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It is adapted by Joe McDonough, with music by David Kisor.(本剧由乔·麦克多诺改编，大卫·基索作曲。)”可知，本剧是由大卫·基索作曲的。故选A项。
典例2 【2023年全国乙卷A篇片段】
PRACTITIONERS
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
23. Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A Jacqueline Felice de Almania. B. Tan Yunxian.
James Barry. D. Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
【答案】D
【解析】文章最后一个人物介绍的第二句原词出现the first African American woman，可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一个拥有医学学位的非裔美国人。
典例3 【2023年新高考I卷A 篇片段】
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
3. Where does the guided city tour start
A. The Gooyer, Windmill. B. The Skinny Bridge.
C. Heineken Brewery. D. Dam Square.
【答案】 D
【解析】直接信息细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. (旅游团每小时从大坝广场出发，每天下午1点开始)”可知，导游城市之旅从大坝广场开始。故选D。
预测1（2024·湖南长郡中学模拟）
Growing up in Kenya, Lesein Mutunkei, together with his family, always celebrated significant occasions by planting trees, which motivated him to protect the environment. It’s what the now 18-year-old soccer player treasures, especially since Kenya has an ongoing problem with deforestation.
Mutunkei follows in the footsteps of the late Kenyan Nobel Peace Prize winner Wangari Maathai who founded the Green Belt Movement in 1977. This initiative has resulted in the planting of over 51 million trees to date.
In 2018, Lesein decided to start a movement of his own. He started by planting one tree for every goal he
scored during a football match. He called it Trees4Goals, and it has grown so much that he now plants 11 trees, one for each member of his team, every time he scores. Through this, he wants to inspire young people, specifically his fellow athletes, to follow in his footsteps, take nature conservation seriously, and promise to plant trees every time they score. As a result, some of them have adapted this practice for their sports. “Seeing that they’re taking that responsibility because of the project I started, for me, that is the biggest achievement,” he said.
1．What made Lesein get interested in environmental protection
A．The influence of his family.
B．Wangari Maathai’s huge assistances.
C．The demand of the football team.
D．His fellow athletes’ encouragement.
2．Why did Lesein found Trees4Goals
A．To gain Kenya’s support.
B．To set an example for others.
C．To catch Arsenal’s attention.
D．To show his achievements.
【答案】1．A 2．B
【解析】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Growing up in Kenya, Lesein Mutunkei, together with his family, always celebrated significant occasions by planting trees, which motivated him to protect the environment. (在肯尼亚长大的Lesein Mutunkei和他的家人总是通过植树来庆祝重要的节日，这促使他保护环境)”可知，在Lesein成长的过程中，他和他的家人总是以种树的方式来庆祝重要的节日，这激励他去保护环境。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Through this, he wants to inspire young people, specifically his fellow athletes, to follow in his footsteps, take nature conservation seriously, and promise to plant trees every time they score. (他希望借此激励年轻人，特别是他的运动员同伴，跟随他的脚步，认真对待自然保护，并承诺每次得分都要植树)”可知，Lesein发起“一球一树运动”是作出表率来激励他人保护环境。故选B。
预测2（2024·江苏扬州中学测试）
Irish Writers Centre Novel Fair 2024
The Novel Fair is an annual competition initiated by the Irish Writers Centre (IWC). Described by The Irish Times as “A Dragons’ Cave for writers”, each year the Fair aims to introduce up-and-coming writers to top publishers and literary agents.
The Prize
The twelve winners will have the opportunity to present the summary of their novel directly to industry professionals. Leading publishers and agents will be invited by the IWC to meet these writers in person or through a series of online meetings. To get fully prepared for the meeting with publishers and agents, the winners will receive a place in a workshop on “How to Promote Your Novel”, two weeks in advance. Also, applicants who are
longlisted (初选) but do not make it to the shortlist of twelve will have their works evaluated and criticized by the judging panel.
How to Enter
Entry fee for application is 55 (Members of IWC can enter for a discounted fee of 45). This competition only accepts manuscripts (原稿) for novels. Applicants are required to send a summary within 300 words and up to five chapters of their novel, which should be 10,000 words (+/-10％). Manuscripts should be submitted online. There is a limit of one entry per applicant.
1．What’s the purpose of the Fair
A．To advertise local stories.
B．To encourage literary reading.
C．To serve as a platform for writers.
D．To arouse enthusiasm for writing.
2．Which of the following meets the requirement of the Fair
A．A summary of 200 words.
B．A novel published in 2023.
C．A paper manuscript by post.
D．A submission of seven chapters.
【答案】1．C 2．A
【解析】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Described by The Irish Times as “A Dragons’ Cave for writers”, each year the Fair aims to introduce up-and-coming writers to top publishers and literary agents. (被《爱尔兰时报》描述为“作家的龙洞”，每年的书展旨在向顶级出版商和文学代理商介绍崭露头角的作家)”可知，书展的目的在于为作家提供平台，让他们被出版商和文学代理商认识。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据How to Enter中“Applicants are required to send a summary within 300 words and up to five chapters of their novel (申请人必须提交一篇300字以内的摘要，以及小说五个章节以内的内容)”可知，一篇200字的摘要符合书展的要求。故选A项。
预测3 （2024·湖南沙市中学模拟）
Imagine if there were a robotic fish that filtered (过滤) microplastic out of the water as it swam. Well, now there is one, and it’s the physical version of the winning concept in the first-ever Natural Robotics Contest.
Announced this May, the University of Surrey’s Natural Robots Contest invited members of the public to submit their ideas for animal-or plant-inspired robots capable of performing activities that would help the world.
22．How do the participants attend the Natural Robotics Contest
A．By submitting the concepts of robots. B．By selecting the best concept of robots.
C．By developing the technology of robots. D．By making the physical version of robots.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Announced this May, the University of Surrey’s Natural Robots Contest invited members of the public to submit their ideas for animal-or plant-inspired robots capable of performing activities that would help the world.(今年5月，萨里大学的自然机器人大赛宣布，邀请公众提交灵感来自动物或植物的机器人的想法，这些机器人能够从事帮助世界的活动)”可知，参与者提交机器人创意参加竞赛。故选A。
题型归纳02 间接信息题
典例1 【2024·浙江1月高考B篇片段】
As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.
25. Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006
A. To place an urgent call. B. To put up a notice.
C. To shelter from the rain. D. To hold an audition.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.(所以，我打电话给电话查号台，接通了女房东的经纪人，他们给了我一把备用钥匙，刚好来得及在演员们到来之前回去。)”可知，作者在2006年使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话。故选A。
典例2 【2023年新高考I卷B篇】
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
4. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
【答案】 C
【解析】 细节理解题。对原文多处信息整合。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A ditry stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质？)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强。故选C。
预测1（2024·湖南长郡中学模拟）The initiative has caught the attention of English football club Arsenal and
Kenya’s Ministry of Environment and Forestry, which he now works with regularly and gets advice from.
Like Green Belt Movement, Trees4Goals, which has planted 5,500 trees so far, has made it. While Lesein has received some recognition for his initiative, he sets his sights on making it a worldwide phenomenon. “Football is a universal game, and climate change is a universal problem,” he explains. “It has the power to unite, educate and inspire my generation to create a safer and greener future.” This is why he wants to work with the world’s biggest football federation FIFA．
As for what others can do to fight deforestation or other environmental concerns, the teenager says it’s important to just get involved in some way, no matter how small.
3．What is Lesein’s hope for the future of Trees4Goals
A．Promoting football’s development.
B．Going global with the help of FIFA．
C．Beating climate change completely.
D．Getting beyond Green Belt Movement.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“While Lesein has received some recognition for his initiative, he sets his sights on making it a worldwide phenomenon.(虽然莱辛的倡议得到了一些认可，但他的目标是让它成为一种全球现象)”及“This is why he wants to work with the world’s biggest football federation FIFA.(这就是为什么他想与世界上最大的足球联盟国际足联合作)”可知，在FIFA的帮助下，Lesein 希望“一球一树运动”走向全球。故选B。
预测2 （2024·浙江学军中学·模拟预测）
A BAKING DEGREE/DIPLOMA ONLINE
Offered by Auguste Escoffier School of Culinary Arts.
General introduction
Our programs combine flexible online classes (24/7 access to hundreds of technique videos) with a hands-on baking externship (校外实习) experience that lets you apply what you learn from our experienced instructors in a real-world setting. Also, you can attend an in-person graduation at Escoffier in Boulder.
How culinary school online works
Our proven approach blends online content with one-on-one interaction from experienced chef instructors to help ensure your learning, in addition to a hands-on industry externship at the end of your program.
8．What can we learn from the passage
A．Escoffier experts can come to your home for instruction.
B．Reading is not required for the learning steps.
C．You can discuss with instructors in person.
D．Photos are not a must during the practical process.
【答案】8．C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Our proven approach blends online content with one-on-one interaction from experienced chef instructors to help ensure your learning, in addition to a hands-on industry externship at the end of your program.(我们经过验证的方法将在线内容与经验丰富的厨师教师的一对一互动相结合，以帮助确保您的学习，此外，在您的课程结束时，您还可以亲身体验行业实习)”可知，你可以亲自和老师讨论。故选C。
预测3 （2024·湖南沙市中学模拟）
The winning entry turned out to be the plastic-collecting Robo-fish, designed by chemistry undergrad Eleanor Mackintosh — who is a University of Surrey student. Mackintosh said, “Fish’s gills are an incredible mechanism in nature that are specialized to filter oxygen into the bloodstream-so I adapted my design from that, with the purpose of addressing the plastic pollution in the water.”
23．What inspired Mackintosh to design the robot
A．The body shape of the fish. B．The function of fish’s gills.
C．The enthusiasm for robots. D．The plastic pollution in the water.
【答案】 B
【解析】细节理解题。根据“Mackintosh said, “Fish’s gills are an incredible mechanism in nature that are specialized to filter oxygen into the bloodstream-so I adapted my design from that, with the purpose of addressing the plastic pollution in the water.”(Mackintosh说：“鱼的鳃是自然界中一种令人难以置信的机制，专门用于将氧气过滤到血液中，所以我以此为基础进行了设计，目的是解决水中的塑料污染问题。”)”可知，Mackintosh受到鱼鳃功能的启示而创造了塑料收集机器鱼。故选B。
题型归纳03 数字计算题
典例1 【【2023全国乙卷C篇片段】
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession (痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
30. Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A. 20%. B. 24%. C. 25%. D. 33%.
【答案】 D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients (配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
典例2 【2023年新高考II卷】
Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. The following are descriptions of the ranger programs this summer.
Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2)
Whether you’re hiking a backcountry trail (小径), camping, or just enjoying the park’s amazing wildlife from the road, this quick workshop is for you and your family. Learn where to look for animals and how to safely enjoy your wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyon Village Store.
Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21)
Kids can test their skills and compare their abilities to the animals of Yellowstone. Stay for as little or as long as your plans allow. Meet in front of the Visitor Education Center.
Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2)
From a classic viewpoint, enjoy Lower Falls, the Yellowstone River, and the breathtaking colors of the canyon (峡谷) while learning about the area’s natural and human history. Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place. Meet on the lower platform at Artist Point on the South Rim Drive for this short talk.
Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10)
Enhance your photography skills — join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19 — Waterfalls &Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
1. Which of the four programs begins the earliest
A. Photography Workshops. B. Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics.
C. Canyon Talks at Artist Point. D. Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone.
【答案】1. D
【解析】 细节理解题。根据每个项目后的时间“Experiencing Wildlife in Yellowstone (May 26 to September 2) (在黄石体验野生动物（5月26日至9月2日）)”和“Junior Ranger Wildlife Olympics (June 5 to August 21) (少年游骑兵野生动物奥林匹克运动会（6月5日至8月21日）)”与“Canyon Talks at Artist Point (June 9 to September 2) (在Artist Point的峡谷会谈（6月9日至9月2日）)”以及“Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10) (摄影研讨会（6月19日和7月10日）)”可知，四个项目中在黄石体验野生动物开始的时间最早。故选D。
典例3 （2022·新高考I卷）
A
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’ lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
22. How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of
A. Two. B. Three. C. Four. D. Five.
【解析】细节理解题 根据三个小标题 Essays (60%) 、Group Assignments (30%)和 Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)中括号内的分数所占百分比可知，这三项加起来正好是 100%，因此学生的期末成绩是由这三项考核内容组成的。
预测1（2023年江苏省苏北七市阅读理解A篇）
Value for money
Yes. It’s not cheap but it’s a special experience that easily fills a day. Plus, it’s a valuable cause worth supporting. Adults ￡14, children 5-17 and students ￡6.50, under-4s free, family ￡38 (two adults and two children) or ￡25 (one adult and three children).
How much would a couple with their 5-year-old twin sons pay for admission
A．￡25. B．￡34.5. C．￡38. D．￡41.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据Value for money 部分中“family ￡38 (two adults and two children) or ￡25 (one adult and three children). (家庭 38英镑(两名成人和两名儿童)或25英镑(一名成人和三名儿童))”可知，一对夫妇和他们两个5岁的双胞胎儿子的门票是38英镑。故选C项。
押题1 直接信息题
Sweat slips down my cheek as I glide (滑动) my fingers through the cool water. I’ve reached the turnaround point of the day’s kayaking (皮划艇) trip. I attempt a shoulder stretch and look around. It’s just me, a couple of seabirds, and shining freshwater to the horizon. This, I whisper to myself, is awesome.
Solo (独自的) outings had never crossed my mind before because I always had a friend with me. But three years ago, I moved to Cleveland. Meeting friends in a new city was tough.
In October 2020, I decided to take adventure on a solo hiking trip. I went to Cuyahoga Valley National Park (CVNP) to admire the autumn leaves. Four miles in, I couldn’t remember the last time I’d felt so alive. I was more
aware of my surroundings than I’d ever been while hiking that day. I studied the markings of trees, focused my ears on each forest sound and did something I almost never made time for: I listened to my own thoughts. Every word bubble in my mind pointed to a newfound truth-solo hiking is my happy place.
When spring arrived, I decided to check off another solo sport: kayaking. My chest, initially tightened by nerves, was bursting with happiness when I finally reached the middle of the river that I’d long admired back on shore.
Since that first solo hiking, adventuring alone has become like medicine for me. It has also pushed me to go beyond my comfort zone and to meet new people. Through meetups and social media, my adventure-friend circle has ballooned. But at least once per month, I schedule time to hit nature with my favorite friend: me.
1．What pushed the author to start going on solo outings
A．A longing for a peaceful life.
B．A desire to challenge herself.
C．Living close to a national park.
D．Difficulty in finding companions.
2．What did the author do during her first solo hiking trip in CVNP
A．She explored a new route for hiking.
B．She paid attention to her inner voice.
C．She collected a variety of autumn leaves.
D．She recorded the forest sounds on her phone.
3．How did the author feel after her first kayaking trip
A．Surprised. B．Delighted. C．Nervous. D．Lonely.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．B
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者以前从未尝试过独自出门旅行，因为总有人陪伴她。后来作者决定独自去徒步旅行。第一次独自徒步旅行给作者带来了极大的快乐，她学会了享受个人时光，并且从中获得勇气去结识新朋友。
细节理解题。由第二段“Solo (独自的) outings had never crossed my mind before because I always had a friend with me. But three years ago, I moved to Cleveland. Meeting friends in a new city was tough. (我以前从来没有想过独自出游，因为我总是有一个朋友和我在一起。但三年前，我搬到了克利夫兰。在一个新城市与朋友见面很艰难)”可知，作者以前从未尝试过独自出游，因为总有人陪伴她，搬家后，因为难以找到（一起出游的）同伴，作者决定独自出游。故选D项。
细节理解题。由第三段中“I studied the markings of trees, focused my ears on each forest sound and did something I almost never made time for: I listened to my own thoughts. (我研究了树木的标记，把耳朵集中在每
一个森林的声音上，做了一件我几乎从来没有抽出时间的事情：我倾听自己的想法)”可知，作者在CVNP的第一次独自徒步旅行中，注意（或倾听）了自己内心的声音。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。由第四段中“My chest, initially tightened by nerves, was bursting with happiness when I finally reached the middle of the river that I’d long admired back on shore. (当我终于到达河中央时，最初因紧张而绷紧的胸部此刻充满了幸福，我在岸边欣赏了很久)”可知，作者在第一次皮划艇旅行后感觉幸福、高兴。故选B项。
押题2 直接信息题
Adolescence (青春期) is a stressful time. From friends to families, from home to school, stressful situations become common. Now, a new study shows an unexpected factor (因素) might cause teens to respond strongly to stress.
Jonas Miller, a psychologist at Stanford University, wanted to know whether air pollution might affect teens’ response to stress. his team recruited (招募) 144 tweens and teens for the study, most of whom lived in or near San Francisco, which ranks among the ten U.S. cities having the worst air quality. The researchers used data on air pollution collected by the city to see how polluted the air was near each recruit’s home. They then collected physical. and social information about the students and invited them to participate in a stressfuf.test.
Before the test, the researchers used sensors to record participants’ heart rate and sweat levels for five minutes-as they rested. Then the test began. A researcher read aloud the beginning of a story and told each participant to make up an exciting ending, which they would have to memorize and present aloud to a judge. After finishing this task, the judge had the participant do math problems. If they made a mistake, they had to start over. The whole time, sensors recorded heart rate and sweat levels.
At rest, all the students had similar heart rates and sweat levels, Miller found. But as the test got tough, kids from neighborhoods with more air pollution reacted more strongly to stress. Their heartbeats became irregular. They sweated more than teens who lived in cleaner places.
Miller looked at other possible causes of those strong reactions in the students. including their height and weight, stage of adolescence, family income and neighborhood. None of them explained the stronger stress response. Such responses are linked to negative feelings, Miller notes. Over time, these responses can “contribute to problems with both physical and mental health”.
“This is an interesting study,” says Anjum Hajat, an epidemiologist who studies the causes of disease. Miller’s study “provides unique evidence of the negative health impacts of air pollution among adolescents,” Hajat says.
4．What were participants asked to do in the stressful test
A．Retell an exciting story. B．Invent an ending to a story.
C．Make up an amusing story. D．Find the mistakes in a story.
5．What did Miller take into consideration when analyzing his research results
A．Parents’ income. B．Parents’ education.
C．Children’ s mental health. D．Child-parent relationship.
【答案】 4．B 5. A
4. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“A researcher read aloud the beginning of a story and told each participant to make up an exciting ending, which they would have to memorize and present aloud to a judge”可知，在压力测试中，一位研究人员会大声朗读故事的开头，然后让每个参与者编出故事的结尾，并大声叙述给评委。故选B。
5. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Miller looked at other possible causes of those strong reactions in the students, including their height and weight, stage of adolescence, family income and neighborhood”可知，Miller还研究了其他可能导致青少年强烈反应的因素，包括他们的身高和体重、处于青春期的哪个阶段、家庭收入和邻里关系。A项“Parents’ income.(父母收入)”属于家庭收入。故选A。
押题3 间接信息题
I’m a walker, logging an average of 9000 steps a day several times a week around my neighborhood. On recent trips to Copenhagen and Stockholm, I noticed tall, fit Scandinavians (斯堪法尼亚人) walking along on city streets with poles, as if they were cross-country skiing without any snow.
It was a surprise to learn that the addition of the poles makes it a more vigorous, full-body exercise than simply walking – and, as a 76-year-old looking to stay healthy while enjoying the outdoors, I decided to give it a try.
There’s plenty of help online for the new Nordic (北 欧的 ) walker: stand tall, swing your arms out as if to shake hands, and plant your poles with vigour. Then there’s the little matter of the strap (带子) on the pole. This allows the walker to grip the pole when thrusting forward and then relax that hand as the other hand pushes forward – a skill of coordination that builds stronger muscles.
For a warm-up, I started slow: Nordic walking down the hall that extends from my front door to the deck. Keeping balance wasn’t my only problem. The novel use of my arms and upper body was surprisingly demanding. After half an hour, my heart was pounding and I was sweating, but I still wasn’t much good.
6．What inspired the writer to try Nordic walking
A．Enjoying the outdoor skiing. B．Observing Scandinavians walking.
C．Getting tired of simple walking. D．Fancying a healthy lifestyle.
7．What was the main challenge for the author during the initial stages of Nordic walking
A．Building strong muscle in the arms.
B．Using arms and upper body harmoniously.
C．Sweating with heart pounding.
D．Feeling discouraged for lack of progress.
【答案】6．B 7．B
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者尝试新健身活动——北欧式健走的体验以及其益处。
6.细节理解题。由文章一段中“On recent trips to Copenhagen and Stockholm, I noticed tall, fit Scandinavians (斯堪法尼亚人) walking along on city streets with poles, as if they were cross-country skiing without any snow. (在最近的哥本哈根和斯德哥尔摩之行中，我注意到高大、健康的斯堪法尼亚人拄着杆子走在城市的街道上，就好像他们在进行没有雪的越野滑雪。)”以及第二段“It was a surprise to learn that the addition of the poles makes it a more vigorous, full-body exercise than simply walking – and, as a 76-year-old looking to stay healthy while enjoying the outdoors, I decided to give it a try.(令人惊讶的是，杆的加入使它成为一种比简单步行更有力的全身运动——作为一个76岁的老人，我希望在享受户外活动的同时保持健康，我决定试一试。)”可知，观察斯堪法尼亚人拄着两根手杖行走激发了作者尝试这种新健身活动的灵感。故选B。
7．细节理解题。由文章第四段中“The novel use of my arms and upper body was surprisingly demanding. (我的手臂和上半身的新颖运用要求很高。)”可知，在行走的最初阶段，作者面临的主要挑战是手臂与上身协调使用。故选B。
押题4 间接信息题
Camping tips: Which overnight wilderness experience is right for you
If you’re an experienced backpacker, read no further. This article is for camping rookies, those who have never slept beneath the stars or haven’t pitched (搭建) a tent since their youth but are seriously thinking about overnighting in the wilderness.
Car camping
At its most basic, car camping involves packing a tent, sleeping bag, fold-up chair, cooler and camp stove into your vehicle and staying at a drive-up campground. Nearly every national park, and many state and county parks and private facilities, offer drive-up campgrounds with restrooms, potable water, fire rings or pits, and maybe even hot showers. So there are lots of choices.
The downside of car camping is the fact that these campgrounds are often packed with other campers. Not a lot of privacy, they can be noisy, and possibly hinder (阻碍) your quest of communing with nature.
Backpacking
No vehicle required; just your feet and a good pair of hiking boots or shoes to get you to the next overnight spot. A multi-day hiking trip is without doubt the most immersive way to experience the great outdoors.
Different from maybe car camping, it requires the least expense and equipment. All you really need are a backpack, sleeping bag, water bottle, small first-aid kit, enough food to last the entire travel. It can be done just about anywhere on the planet.
Boat Camping
While this does involve owning or renting a watercraft or using a ferry or water taxi service to reach the overnight site, camping via canoe, kayak, raft or boat offers a similar get-away-from-it-all adventure as backpacking.
Experienced paddlers and boaters usually prefer to camp on their own along a quiet shoreline. But many adventure or wilderness outfitters offer guided trips that can last anywhere from a couple of days to two or three weeks. With a boat, you can sometimes camp places that not even backpackers can reach.
8．What can you learn from the passage
A．Boat camping offers the same adventures as backpacking.
B．Backpacking allows you to communicate with nature deeply.
C．Car camping is the most economical way to experience nature.
D．The drive-up campgrounds provide people with private environment.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据“Backpacking”下文介绍第一段中的“A multi-day hiking trip is without doubt the most immersive way to experience the great outdoors. (多日徒步旅行无疑是体验户外美景的最身临其境的方式。)”可知，背包旅行可以让你以身临其境的方式去体验户外美景；由此可知，背包旅行可以亲身体验户外美景，与大自然进行深入的交流。故选B项。
押题5 数字计算题
Savannah Family Vacation Package
Bring your whole family to Savannah for a vacation adventure that combines sightseeing with a show at Savannah’s most historic theatre and three nights’ lodging in the exciting Savannah Family Vacation Package!
Prices Starting at:
Ages 19 and Up: $150.00
Ages 13—19: $50.00
Ages 4—12: $20.00
Ages 0—3: Free
9．How much should a couple with their five-year-old twins pay for this tour
A．$170.00. B．$190.00. C．$340.00. D．$400.00.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据Prices Starting at部分中“Ages 19 and Up:$150.00(19岁及以上：150美元)”和“Ages 4—12: $20.00(4到12岁：20美元)”可知，一对夫妻和他们5岁的双胞胎孩子来此旅游一共需要花费150×2+20×2=340美元。故选C。
押题6 数字计算题
The London Eye remains temporarily closed but in line with the Government's roadmap out of lockdown we plan to reopen from 17th May.You can pre-book now. Further information can be found here.
What to Expect
The London Eye soars 443 fee into the sky and views stretching25 miles every direction.Since opening in 2000,it has been used as a backdrop in countless films and is loved by Britons and visitors alike.This is the UK's most popular visitor attraction,visited by over 3.5 million people a year.
Each London Eye capsule holds up to 25 passengers comfortably. All capsules are fully air-conditioned and rotate (旋转)on a special device designed to keep everyone upright as the wheel makes a slow but progressive rotation.The full rotation lasts 30 minutes of an ever changing view of this dynamic city.
Opening Times
■September to May 10:00am—8:00pm daily
■June 10:00am—9:00pm daily
■July 10:00am—9:30pm daily
■August 10:00am—-8:30pm daily
■Not open on Christmas Day or during maintenance period.
Ticket Prices
Adult: January to March 15.00 April to December 15.50
Child (5-15 years): January to March 7.50 April to December 7.75
Child under 5 years: free
Senior (60 plus): 12.00
Booking line
■9:00am to 5:00pm Monday to Sunday
■Telephone: 0870 5000 600
10．Which of the following does the London Eye ride offer
A．A 30-minute fast rotation.
B．An insight into its long history.
C．A 360°moving view of the city.
D．A non-chargeable admission.
11．When is the London Eye open in January
A．10:00am—-8:00pm.
B．100am-9:00pm.
C．10:00am-—9:30pm.
D．10:00am—8:30pm.
12．What's the charge for a young couple with a 5-year-old boy who visit on the reopening
A． 30 B． 31 C． 37.5 D． 38.75
【答案】10．C 11．A 12．D
【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了伦敦眼计划从5月17日开始重新开放，包括值得期待的活动，开放时间和门票价格等相关信息。
细节理解题。根据What to Expect部分的“The London Eye soars 443 fee into the sky and views stretching 25 miles every direction.(伦敦眼高达443米，视野遍布25英里。) ”可知伦敦眼可展示360度视角下的城市。故选C项。
细节理解题。根据Opening Times部分的第一行“September to May 10:00am—-8:00pm（九月份至五月份，每天早上十点到晚上八点。）”可知，它在一月份的早上十点到晚上八点开放。故选A项。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“we plan to reopen from 17th May.(我们打算从五月十七号开始重新开放）”，以及Ticket Prices部分的第一个方框“Adult(成年人），April to December 15.50(四月至十二月，十五点五英镑)”，以及第二个方框“Child(5-15years) (孩子5至15岁），April to December 7.75(四月至十二月，7.75英镑）”，合计票价为2*15.50+7.75=38.75英镑，可知，他们的费用是38.75英镑，故选D项。
倒计时19天
二 阅读理解（推理判断题）
考 纲 引导学生德智体美劳全面发展，加强对中华优秀传统文化和社会主义先进文化的考查，发挥文化铸魂的育人功能。 强化体美劳教育引导，夯实全面发展基础。 关注时代发展与生活实践，引导学生培养核心素养。
题 型 解 读 细节理解题：考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。 推理判断题：要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属于深层理解题。 主旨大意题：包括归纳标题、概括文章大意和段落大意题。主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细节，能否在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结的能力。 词句猜测题：考查考生在阅读文章时通过各种方法或技巧猜测生词的含义、理解语块的意思以及明确代词指代含义的能力，是考查考生语言运用能力以及思维品质的重要途径。
选 材 体裁：多样化分布，以记叙文、议论文、说明文为主。 取材：广泛、体裁多样。包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容。 话题：近三年围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题全面考查英语综合运用能力，试题取材广泛、体裁多样，进一步体现考试对五育（德、智、体、美、劳）全面发展的引导作用，加强对中华优秀传统文化、和社会主义先进文化的考查，充分发挥文化铸魂育人功能。落实立德树人，彰显德育本色 。
2020-2023年高考英语阅读理解考情分析
项目 年份 卷别 语篇类型 题型
应用文 记叙文 说明文 议论文 细节理解 推理判断 主旨要义 词义猜测
2023 新高考I卷 A B C/D 6 7 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 8 3 3 1
2022 新高考I卷 A C D B 10 3 1 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 7 5 1 2
2021 新高考I卷 A B C/D 6 6 2 1
新高考Ⅱ卷 A B C/D 9 4 1 1
2020 新高考I卷 A B/C D 7 5 1 2
阅读理解题选项特征预测
正 确 选 项 “立足原文，只推一步”，即根据原文内容，一步即可推得。 选项中一般不出现绝对概念，如only，never，all， absolutely等，正确答案的表述一般有一点模糊，会用一些相对能够留有一些余地的词汇，如often，usually，sometimes，some， may，might，can，could，possibly，probably等。
错 误 选 项 1.只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出来的结论，把直接表达当作间接推理； 2.主观臆断：没有基于原文进行推断，而是根据常识推断； 3.过度解读：作者只是客观地叙述事实，并未做出评论，而一些选项却主观地进行推断。如提到一样东西贵，并不意味着就买不起。 4.曲解文意：某些细节看似从原问推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符，或断章取义，或因果倒置和手段变目的等；
预测：2024推理判断题主要考查考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。推测的内容会涉及文章的一句话或几句话、可能是一个或者两三个段落、甚至可能是整篇文章。这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。倾向于考查隐含推断题、写作意图推断题、观点态度题、文章出处题。在文中下列地方常命题。1.指示代词出现处常考 2.引用人物观点处常考 3.特殊标点符号后的内容常考 4.转折词如but, however, yet等后常考。
预测：：题干主要动词：infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示），conclude（作出结论）和assume（假定，设想）。
推理判断题命题方式
It can be inferred/concluded/seen from the text that _______.
Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage
In which of the following publications would this passage most likely be printed
The attitude of the author towards somebody/sonething is _______.
What’s the author’s attitude toward…
The main purpose of this text is_____.
From the passage we can conclude that_______.
题型归纳01 隐含推断题
典例1 【2024·浙江1月高考C篇片段】
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One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice,
doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
11. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
【答案】 D
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.(考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，“停止人工降雨是明智的。”在实践中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行)”可推知，从最后一段我们能推断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。故选D项。
典例2 【2023年新高考I卷B篇）
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
27. What is the basis for John’s work
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.(你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复。故选A。
典例3 【2022年新高考I卷C篇】
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
9. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.
11. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
【答案】 9. B 11. A
【解析】 9.推理判断题。根据文章第五段““It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感。故选B。 11.推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说:
我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反响很好。故选A。
预测1（2024·江苏南京·盐城中学模拟）
Emest Owusu was 13 in 1980 when he was given the opportunity to appear in the audience of a BBC show, and ask Thatcher how she felt about being called the Iron Lady. This encounter re-emerged in a BBC’s programme recently.
At the time of their meeting, Owusu was on free school meals, living on a public estate in Brixton, south London, where he and his sister were being raised by their mother Rose, a struggling hairdresser....
1．What do we know about Owusu when he was 13
A．He met with Thatcher twice.
B．He joined a famous golf club.
C．He hosted a BBC’s programme.
D．He lived at the bottom of society.
【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“At the time of their meeting, Owusu was on free school meals, living on a public estate in Brixton, south London, where he and his sister were being raised by their mother Rose, a struggling hairdresser.(在他们相遇的时候，Owusu在学校吃免费午餐，住在伦敦南部布里克斯顿的一处公共住宅里，他和妹妹由母亲罗斯抚养，她是一名苦苦挣扎的美发师。)”可知，Owusu13岁时生活在社会的底层。故选D。
预测2（2024·江苏南京·二模）
.......
From time to time, we find ourselves at the end of our rope. Our responsibilities pile up, our resources break down, and we feel uncomfortably anxious—what we’re experiencing is called stress. Simply put, the demands placed upon us outweigh our available resources, just like a set of scales (天平) going out of balance. Focusing on work and pretending everything is OK only leads to disastrous results. Medical treatment for stress may function for a while, but it tends to make things worse in the long run. The only solution to deal with stress is to do the mathematics to balance the scales.
12．According to the last paragraph, how can we deal with stress
A．Devote more energy to our work.
B．Increase resources available to us.
C．Seek professional medical treatment.
D．Master advanced mathematical skills.
【答案】 B
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Simply put, the demands placed upon us outweigh our available resources, just like a set of scales (天平) going out of balance.(简单地说，对我们的要求超过了我们现有的资源，就像一组天平失去平衡一样。)”和“The only solution to deal with stress is to do the mathematics to balance the scales.(处理压力的唯一解决方案是通过数学来平衡天平。)”可知，对我们的要求超过了我们现有的资源，所以天平失去了平衡，而唯一的方法是通过数学来平衡天平，由此可推测出，要增加可用的资源，以便达到平衡。故选B。
预测3（23-24高三下·江苏扬州·开学考试）
Are you frequently overwhelmed by the feeling that life is leaving you behind, particularly when you look through social media sites and see all the exciting things your friends are up to If so, you are not alone.
FOMO, or Fear of Missing Out, refers to the perception that other people’s lives are superior to our own, whether this concerns socializing, accomplishing professional goals or generally having a more deeply fulfilling life. It shows itself as a deep sense of envy, and constant exposure to it can have a weakening effect on our self-respect. The feeling that we are always being left out of fundamentally important events, or that our lives are not living up to the image pictured by others, can have long-term damaging psychological consequences.
While feelings of envy and inadequacy seem to be naturally human, social media seems to have added fuel to the fire in several ways. The reason why social media has such a triggering effect is tied to the appeal of social media in the first place: these are platforms which allow us to share only the most glowing presentations of our accomplishments, while leaving out the boring aspects of life. While this kind of misrepresentation could be characterized as dishonest, it is what the polished atmosphere of social media seems to demand.
......
26．What does the author suggest in the third paragraph
A．The primary reason for FOMO is deeply rooted in social media.
B．Our own social media posts help us feel much more confident.
C．People who don’t share posts on social media are more bored.
D．Social media’s nature enhances envious feelings and self-doubt.
【答案】 D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“While feelings of envy and inadequacy seem to be naturally human, social media seems to have added fuel to the fire in several ways.(虽然嫉妒和缺乏信心的感觉似乎是人类的天性，但社交媒体似乎在几个方面给这种情绪火上浇油)”可知，作者在第三段表明媒体的本质增强了嫉妒感和自我怀疑。故选D。
题型归纳02 写作意图推断题
典例1 【2024年浙江1月高考C篇】
On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (花暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years “Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail,” Mr. Stienwan d says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot
be cousing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
10. Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999
A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D. To show the link between storms and moisture.
【答案】 C
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”(查克·多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。“1999年，我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了由种子风暴细胞形成的重大龙卷风，”多斯韦尔博士说。“人工降雨会制造致命风暴还是减少顺风处的水分？当然，没有人真正知道，但是播种还在继续。”)”可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选C项。
典例2 【2023年新高考II卷B篇】
Over the years John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
26. What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.(这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用。故选B。
典例3 【2022年新高考I卷C篇】
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
......
8. What is the purpose of the project
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
【答案】8. D
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。
预测1（2024·江苏省姜堰中学模拟）
Omar Vazquez grew up in poverty on Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula. He watched his single mother struggle to put food on the table, and today the memory inspires him to help those in need. When an invasive (入侵的) seaweed called sargassum showed up on Mexico’s Caribbean beaches, Omar looked past the matter of it all and saw an opportunity to help others.
Sargassum is not dangerous, but it has an unpleasant smell and can become so thick that it keeps people from entering the water. Mexico has experienced record-setting amounts of the seaweed in recent years, and it has made
its way to Florida’s beaches as well. Experts say there could be as much as 100 tons of sargassum blocking Mexican shorelines in 2023.
With tourism dollars at risk, officials and locals alike were eager to remove the seaweed, but only Omar saw its true potential. The professional gardener organized a beach cleanup that provided jobs for about 300 local families, but he knew there was more to do. Since people’s attitude towards the seaweed reminded him of his own life experiences, he decided to become an agent (推动者) for change.
When sargassum started arriving, everyone was complaining. “I wanted to make something good out of something everyone saw as bad,” Omar explained.
In 2018, Omar found a way to turn sargassum into building blocks that he calls Sargablock. He creates these blocks by mixing 40% sargassum with other materials like clay, then putting them in a block-forming machine and baking them in the sun for days. The end result is an organic, sustainable, and ecologically friendly building material that experts say could last for 120 years.
To date, Omar’s company, Bluegreen Mexico, has used 700 tons of sargassum to build low-income housing for those in need. Omar said he would take on more projects, and donate more houses to single mothers like his own mom.
8．What does the author mainly want to tell us through Omar’s success
A．It’s never too old to learn. B．Love shines every dark corner.
C．Solutions can be obtained from problems. D．Heroes arise from humble beginnings.
【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题之写作意图题。文章主要讲述了一种叫做马尾藻的入侵海藻对当地人们的生活产生了不好的影响，奥马尔·巴斯克斯确看到了这种海藻的潜力，在帮助清理海藻的同时，决定把所有人都认为不好的东西变成好东西，最终的结果是一种有机的、可持续的、生态友好的建筑材料诞生了并建立了公司，为有需要的人建造了低收入住房。由此推知，作者想要通过奥马尔的成功告诉我们解决方案可以从问题中获得。故选C。
预测2 （23-24高三·江苏连云港·名校联考）
A narrow region of the eastern Pacific Ocean has been getting colder for the past 30 years, challenging global trends and confusing many scientists. Over at least three decades, the region has cooled by roughly half a degree, which has been causing scientists to wonder how long that will hold.
The unusual phenomenon, known as the “cold tongue” is affecting a vast area of ocean west of South America. Scientists are not entirely certain what is keeping the “cold tongue” cool. Richard Seager, from the Earth Observatory at Columbia University, said one factor appears to be trade winds in the equatorial (赤道) region, which carry warm water away from the surface, stimulating cooler water to rise. “The trade winds blow from east to west across the tropical Pacific Ocean,” Seager said. “As the waters are driven away from the surface, water flows up from below. And since the waters below the surface are cold, this creates the ‘cold tongue’.”
Yet despite the effect of these winds, the “cold tongue” has puzzled scientists, because advanced climate
computer models suggest that the waters should have been warming for decades at a faster rate than the rest of the Pacific due to rising greenhouse gas emissions (排放).
Pedro DiNezio of the University of Colorado Boulder, considers “It’s the most important unanswered question in climate science”. Scientists can’t predict when it will end or start warming since the cause is unknown. According to New Scientist, this has huge worldwide implications, including determining California’s permanent drought and Australia’s wildfires. More profoundly still, “it could even alter the extent of climate change globally”, the site said, “by understanding how sensitive Earth’s atmosphere is to rising greenhouse gas production”.
Despite this, the overall ocean temperatures are rising. Solving the puzzle of the “cold tongue” isn’t about proving climate models wrong. Rather, the “cold tongue” is the last big piece of the puzzle. Fit that in and we can build a more accurate picture of how life will change in a warming world-and how best to prepare for that future.
16．What is the purpose of the text
A．To stress the effect of climate change.
B．To introduce an unusual phenomenon.
C．To explain reasons for strange natural disasters.
D．To appeal to people to pay more attention to the ocean.
【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。通读全文，并根据第一段“A narrow region of the eastern Pacific Ocean has been getting colder for the past 30 years, challenging global trends and confusing many scientists. Over at least three decades, the region has cooled by roughly half a degree, which has been causing scientists to wonder how long that will hold.(东太平洋的一个狭窄区域在过去30年里一直在变冷，这挑战了全球趋势，也让许多科学家感到困惑。在至少30年的时间里，该地区已经冷却了大约半度，这让科学家们想知道这种情况还能持续多久)”可知，本文主要介绍了“cold tongue”这个未解之谜，科学家对其成因的猜测，以及解决该问题对人类的意义。由此推知，本文的目的是给读者介绍一种不同寻常的现象——cold tongue。故选B。
预测3（23-24高三·江苏扬州中学·高三模拟）
A recent study, led by Professor Andrew Barron, Dr. HaDi MaBouDi, and Professor James Marshall, illustrates how evolution has fine-tuned honey bees to make quick judgments while minimizing danger.
“Animal lives are full of decisions,” says Professor Barron. “A honey bee has a brain smaller than a sesame (芝麻) seed. And yet it can make decisions faster and more accurately than’ we can. A robot programmed to do a bee’s job would need the backup of a supercomputer.”
......
21．Why does Professor Andrew Barron mention “a supercomputer”
A．To illustrate how a honey bee’s brain resemble each other.
B．To explain how animals arrive at informed decisions fast.
C．To demonstrate how a robot could finish a honey bee’s job.
D．To emphasize how honey bees make decisions remarkably.
【答案】 D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中安德鲁·巴伦教授的话“A honey bee has a brain smaller than a sesame (芝麻) seed. And yet it can make decisions faster and more accurately than’ we can. A robot programmed to do a bee’s job would need the backup of a supercomputer.(蜜蜂的大脑比芝麻还小。然而，它可以比我们更快、更准确地做出决定。一个被编程来做蜜蜂工作的机器人需要超级计算机的支持)”可知，被编程来做蜜蜂工作的机器人需要超级计算机的支持才能完成工作。由此推知，安德鲁·巴伦教授提到“超级计算机”是为了通过比较来强调蜜蜂卓越的决策能力。故选D项。
题型归纳03 观点态度推断题
推理判断题必备单词
积极 support支持， supportive支持的， approve赞成， approving赞同的， for支持， in favor of支持， optimistic乐观的， positive积极的， objective客观的， helpful有帮助的， admiring赞赏的， serious（严肃的），
enthusiastic热情的， pleasant愉快的， polite礼貌的， concerned关切的， humorous幽默的， unbiased无偏见的， confident自信的， impressi