人教版选择性必修第三册
UNIT 1 Section B课文原文及解析
【Part 1：教材电子原文】
ANCIENT CHINESE ART ON SHOW
The Richfeld Museum of Fine Art is proud to present our new exhibition, “From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages." Join us as we explore more than 3,000 years of wonderful art from the Middle Kingdom. From bronze bowls to ceramic vases, and jade sculptures to ink wash paintings, our goal is to display the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times.
The highlight of this exhibition is the painting Clearing After Snow on a Mountain Pass, one of the great works of Tang Yin (1470-1524). Born during the Ming Dynasty, Tang sought and failed to gain entry into the civil service so he turned to painting instead. In time, he gained recognition as one of the greatest artists China has ever known. This painting, showing high mountains, trees, and houses covered in snow, was made with extraordinary skill. Though it is over 500 years old, it looks as fresh and full of life as the day it was created.
Also of primary note is a collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty (1600 BCE-1046 BCE). While the artists who made these great works are not known, they showed great skill in creating these beautiful pieces. Some of the items on display are thought to have come from the collection of Emperor Qianlong (1711-1799), a great admirer of Shang Dynasty bronze.
Finally, we have many fine examples of Tang Dynasty (618-907) sculptures. Most of these are of Buddhist origin. Even though Buddhism entered China much earlier, it did not really begin to show expansion until the seventh century. During this same period, trade along the Silk Road also boomed. Chinese sculpture thus found itself highly influenced by Buddhist art brought from India and Central Asia through the Silk Road. These works were intended to spread Buddhism and they are of exceptional beauty and quality. Looking at the faces of the figures in these sculptures, one sees the faces of the past. History is brought to life.
This is just a small taste of what is in store for you in this exhibition. We guarantee that “From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages” will transport you to another time with its amazing collection of works.
“From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages" will run until November 25. Opening hours are from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., from Tuesday to Sunday (the museum is closed on Mondays). No one will be admitted into the exhibition after 4:30 p.m.
Admission: $10 for adults; $8 for students; $5 for children under 12; free for children under 5.
No photos or food and drink are allowed in the museum.
【Part 2：教材原文翻译】
古代中国艺术展示
Richfeld美术馆自豪地呈现我们的新展览：“从商至清：中国艺术穿越时代。”加入我们，一起探索自中央王国起的三千多年精彩艺术。从青铜碗到陶瓷花瓶，从玉雕到水墨画，我们的目标是展示古代中国艺术的天才。
此次展览的亮点是《过雪山关》这幅画，是唐寅（1470-1524）的杰作之一。唐寅出生于明朝，曾尝试并未能进入官场，于是转而从事绘画。随着时间的推移，他被认为是中国有史以来最伟大的艺术家之一。这幅画展示了高山、树木和被雪覆盖的房屋，用了非凡的技巧创作而成。尽管已经有500多年的历史，它看起来仍然像当初创作时一样新鲜生动。
另一个主要亮点是商朝（公元前1600年-公元前1046年）近100件青铜器的收藏。虽然制作这些伟大作品的艺术家并不为人所知，但他们在创作这些美丽作品时展现了极高的技艺。展示的一些物品据信来自乾隆皇帝（1711-1799）的收藏，他是商代青铜的热爱者。
最后，我们展示了许多唐代（618-907）雕塑的精美范例。其中大部分是佛教题材。尽管佛教早在更早时期就传入中国，但直到七世纪才真正开始扩张。在同一时期，沿着丝绸之路的贸易也蓬勃发展。因此，中国雕塑受到了通过丝绸之路从印度和中亚带来的佛教艺术的极大影响。这些作品旨在传播佛教，它们具有异常美丽和高质量。观察这些雕塑中人物的面容，你会看到过去的面孔。历史得以重现。
这只是本次展览中展示内容的一小部分。我们保证，“从商至清：中国艺术穿越时代”将通过其惊人的作品集将您带回另一个时代。
“从商至清：中国艺术穿越时代”将持续至11月25日。开放时间为上午9:00至下午5:00，周二至周日开放（周一闭馆）。展览结束后将不再允许进入。
门票：成人10美元；学生8美元；12岁以下儿童5美元；5岁以下儿童免费。
禁止在博物馆内拍照或进食。
【Part 3：文章优秀高级搭配总结】
序号 搭配 释义
1 Middle Kingdom 中央王国
2 ink wash paintings 水墨画
3 artistic genius 艺术天才
4 Clearing After Snow 过雪山关
5 civil service 公务员
6 Shang Dynasty 商朝
7 bronze objects 青铜器
8 primary note 主要亮点
9 Buddhist origin 佛教题材
10 Silk Road 丝绸之路
11 exceptional beauty and quality 异常美丽和高质量
12 bring history to life 让历史重现
13 in store 即将到来的，存储中
14 transport 运送，使……转移到
15 amazing collection of works 令人惊叹的作品收藏
16 run until 持续至……
17 admission 入场费
18 children under 以下儿童
19 food and drink 食物和饮料
20 not allowed 不允许
窗体顶端
【Part 4：长难句分析】
1. "Born during the Ming Dynasty, Tang sought and failed to gain entry into the civil service so he turned to painting instead."
- 这个句子是由一个主句和两个并列的从句组成的：
- 主句："Tang sought and failed to gain entry into the civil service so he turned to painting instead."
- "Tang" 是主语，"sought" 和 "failed" 是并列的谓语动词，"to gain entry into the civil service" 是目的状语，表示唐寅的目标，"so he turned to painting instead" 是结果状语从句，解释了他转而从事绘画的原因。
- 从句："Born during the Ming Dynasty"
- "Born" 是动词，修饰 "Tang"，表明他出生于明朝。
- 翻译：唐寅出生于明朝，他尝试但未能进入官场，因此转而从事绘画。
2. "Even though Buddhism entered China much earlier, it did not really begin to show expansion until the seventh century."
- 这个句子是由一个主句和一个虽然...但是...的复合句组成的：
- 主句："it did not really begin to show expansion until the seventh century."
- "it" 是主语，"did not really begin to show expansion" 是谓语动词短语，表示佛教并未真正开始扩张，"until the seventh century" 是时间状语，指明时间。
- 虽然...但是...从句："Even though Buddhism entered China much earlier"
- "Buddhism" 是主语，"entered" 是谓语动词，"China" 是宾语，"much earlier" 是时间状语，指明佛教进入中国的时间。
- 翻译：尽管佛教早在中国传入，但直到七世纪之前并未真正开始扩张。
3. "Chinese sculpture thus found itself highly influenced by Buddhist art brought from India and Central Asia through the Silk Road."
- 这个句子是由一个主句和一个由介词短语修饰的复合句组成的：
- 主句："Chinese sculpture thus found itself highly influenced by Buddhist art."
- "Chinese sculpture" 是主语，"found" 是谓语动词，"highly influenced by Buddhist art" 是被动语态的谓语动词短语，表示中国雕塑受到佛教艺术的高度影响。
- 介词短语："brought from India and Central Asia through the Silk Road"
- "brought" 是谓语动词，"from India and Central Asia" 是来源地的介词短语，"through the Silk Road" 是经由丝绸之路的介词短语，修饰 "brought"。
- 翻译：因此，中国雕塑受到了通过丝绸之路从印度和中亚带来的佛教艺术的高度影响。
4. "Most of these are of Buddhist origin. Even though Buddhism entered China much earlier, it did not really begin to show expansion until the seventh century."
- 这个句子是由两个并列的主句组成的：
- 第一个主句："Most of these are of Buddhist origin."
- "Most of these" 是主语，"are" 是谓语动词，"of Buddhist origin" 是形容词短语，表示这些雕塑大多是佛教题材的。
- 第二个主句："Even though Buddhism entered China much earlier, it did not really begin to show expansion until the seventh century."
- "Buddhism" 是主语，"entered" 是谓语动词，"China" 是宾语，"much earlier" 是时间状语，"until the seventh century" 是时间状语，"Even though" 引导一个虽然...但是...的复合句，说明佛教早在中国传入，但直到七世纪之前并未真正开始扩张。
- 翻译：这些大多是佛教题材的。尽管佛教早在中国传入，但直到七世纪之前并未真正开始扩张。
5. "Chinese sculpture thus found itself highly influenced by Buddhist art brought from India and Central Asia through the Silk Road."
- 这个句子由一个主句和一个由介词短语修饰的复合句组成：
- 主句："Chinese sculpture thus found itself highly influenced by Buddhist art."
- "Chinese sculpture" 是主语，"found" 是谓语动词，"highly influenced by Buddhist art" 是被动语态的谓语动词短语，表示中国雕塑受到佛教艺术的高度影响。
- 介词短语："brought from India and Central Asia through the Silk Road"
- "brought" 是谓语动词，"from India and Central Asia" 是来源地的介词短语，"through the Silk Road" 是经由丝绸之路的介词短语，修饰 "brought"。
- 翻译：因此，中国雕塑受到了通过丝绸之路从印度和中亚带来的佛教艺术的高度影响。
6. "This is just a small taste of what is in store for you in this exhibition."
- 这个句子是一个简单的主句，描述了本次展览的内容：
- 主句："This is just a small taste of what is in store for you in this exhibition."
- "This" 是主语，"is" 是谓语动词，"just a small taste" 是描述性的主语补足语，表示这只是一个小小的预览，"of what is in store for you in this exhibition" 是介词短语，修饰 "taste"，说明在展览中还有更多内容等待观众。
- 翻译：这只是本次展览中为您准备的一小部分内容的预览。人教版选择性必修第三册
UNIT 1 Section A课文原文及解析
【Part 1：教材电子原文】
A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING
What is Western art It is hard to give a precise definition. As there have been so many different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries.
The Middle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century) During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes. Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional, and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337). While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment. In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact.
The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th century) New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. As a result, painters concentrated less on religious themes. They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio (1401-1428). Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Michelangelo (1475-1564), and Raphael (1483-1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccio's innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen.
Another innovation was the use of oil paints. With their deep colors and realism, some of the best oil paintings look like photographs. While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oils, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606-1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light.
In subject matter, the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people and the world around us. Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved. Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology. Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at.
Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century. After that, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like. Hence, painters had to find a new way of looking at their art. From this, Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet (1840-1926) called Impression, Sunrise. In this work, Monet's aim was to convey the light and movement in the scene—the subjective impression the scene gave him—but not a detailed record of the scene itself.
While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir (1841-1919), focused on people. Unlike the cold, black-and-white photographs of that time period, Renoir's paintings are full of light, shadow, color, and life. He sought to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well.
Modern Art (from the 20th century to today) After Impressionism, subsequent artists began to ask, "What do we do next " Painters such as Picasso (1881-1973) tried to analyze the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way, with Cubism. Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality. Still others turned to abstract art. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, "what is art "
【Part 2：教材原文翻译】
西方绘画简史
西方艺术是什么？很难给出精确的定义。由于西方艺术的风格如此之多，所以在短文中描述所有风格是不可能的。也许理解西方艺术的最好方法是看看几个世纪以来西方绘画的发展。
中世纪（从公元5世纪到15世纪）在中世纪，西方艺术的目的是教导人们基督教信仰。因此，艺术家们对绘制真实场景并不感兴趣。他们的作品常常是原始的、二维的，主要角色经常比其他人大得多，以显示他们的重要性。这种情况在13世纪开始有所改变，有了乔托·迪·邦多内（1267-1337）。虽然他的画作仍然有宗教主题，但他展示了真实环境中的真实人物。特别是，他的画作以真实的人类面孔和深刻的情感冲击力著称于其他画作之上。
文艺复兴时期（从14世纪到17世纪）新的思想和价值逐渐取代了中世纪的旧思想。因此，画家们不再专注于宗教主题。他们开始采用更加人文主义的生活态度。这一时期的重要突破是由马萨奇奥（1401-1428）使用透视法。诸如莱昂纳多·达·芬奇（1452-1519）、米开朗基罗（1475-1564）和拉斐尔（1483-1520）等有影响力的画家在乔托和马萨奇奥的创新基础上进行了建设，创作出了欧洲历史上一些最伟大的艺术作品。
另一个创新是油画的使用。由于其深邃的色彩和逼真，一些最好的油画看起来就像照片一样。虽然早在达·芬奇时代就有画家使用油画，但这一技术在伦勃朗（1606-1669）的时代达到了顶峰，他以掌握阴影和光线而闻名。
在题材方面，重点越来越多地从宗教主题转向了人物和我们周围的世界。国王、贵族和高级人士想要购买他们自己和他们所爱的人的真实画像。其他人想要展示重要的历史事件或神话故事的绘画作品。最后，大多数客户想要的是美丽且有趣的画作。
印象派（19世纪末至20世纪初）西方艺术的发展在19世纪中叶摄影的发明之前减缓了。之后，绘画不再需要保存人们和世界的外观。因此，画家们必须找到一种新的看待他们艺术的方式。从此，印象派在法国诞生。这一新运动的名称来源于克劳德·莫奈（1840-1926）的一幅名为《印象、日出》的画作。在这幅作品中，莫奈的目的是传达场景中的光线和运动，即他所感受到的主观印象，而不是场景本身的详细记录。
尽管许多印象派画家绘制了自然或日常生活场景，但另一些人，如雷诺阿（1841-1919），则专注于人物。与那个时期冷酷的黑白照片不同，雷诺阿的画作充满了光线、阴影、色彩和生命。他试图展示的不仅仅是他的主题的外在形象，还有他们内在的温暖和人性。
现代艺术（从20世纪到今天）在印象派之后，后来的艺术家们开始思考：“我们下一步该怎么办？”像毕加索（1881-1973）这样的画家试图以一种新的方式分析存在于自然界中的形状，以立体主义的形式。其他人赋予他们的绘画现实但梦幻般的质感。还有一些人转向抽象艺术。他们尝试的不再是展示现实，而是提出问题：“艺术是什么？”
【Part 3：文章优秀高级搭配总结】
序号 搭配 释义
1 Deep emotional impact 深远的情感影响
2 Realistic human faces 真实的人物面孔
3 Shifted from religious themes to 从宗教主题转向
4 Gained a reputation as 赢得了声誉
5 Convey the light and movement in the scene 传达场景中的光与动感
6 An important breakthrough 一个重要的突破
7 A realistic but dream-like quality 现实而梦幻般的质感
8 Turned to abstract art 转向抽象艺术
9 Show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well 不仅展示受描绘对象的外在形象，还展现其内在温暖和人性
10 A new way of looking at their art 以新视角看待他们的艺术
11 Influential painters 有影响力的画家
12 A more humanistic attitude to life 更加人文主义的生活态度
13 Oil paints reached its height 油画达到顶峰
14 Important historical events 重要历史事件
15 Stories from mythology 来自神话的故事
16 The subjective impression 主观印象
17 Full of light, shadow, colour, and life 充满光影、色彩和生命
18 A master of shadow and light 光影大师
19 Subsequent artists 后续艺术家
20 Abstract art 抽象艺术
21 Detailed description 详细描述
22 Economic development 经济发展
23 Primitive society 原始社会
24 Two-dimensional image 二维图像
25 Technological breakthrough 技术突破
26 Accurate pictures 准确的图片
27 Emotional impact 情感冲击
28 Renaissance art 文艺复兴艺术
29 Daily life 日常生活
30 Humanistic attitude 人文主义态度
窗体顶端
【Part 4：长难句分析】
1. "Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional, and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance."
- 这个句子是由两个并列的分句组成的：
- "Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional."
- "Their works" 是主语，"were" 是谓语动词，"often primitive and two-dimensional" 是描述性的状语。
- "the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance."
- "the main characters" 是主语，"were made" 是谓语动词，"much larger than everyone else" 是比较级的状语，用来描述 "the main characters" 的大小，"to show their importance" 是目的状语从句，解释了为什么他们会被做得更大。
- 翻译：他们的作品通常是原始的和二维的，而且主要人物经常被做得比其他人大得多，以显示他们的重要性。
2. "While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oils, this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606-1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light."
- 这个句子也是由两个并列的分句组成的：
- "While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oils."
- "While painters" 是主语，"had used" 是谓语动词，"as early as Da Vinci" 是时间状语从句，修饰 "had used oils"。
- "this technique reached its height with Rembrandt (1606-1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light."
- "this technique" 是主语，"reached" 是谓语动词，"its height" 是宾语补语，修饰 "reached"，"with Rembrandt" 是介词短语，修饰 "reached its height"，"who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light" 是定语从句，修饰 "Rembrandt"。
- 翻译：尽管早在达·芬奇时代，画家们就已经开始使用油画了，但这项技术在伦勃朗（1606-1669）手中达到了巅峰，他以掌握阴影和光线的大师而闻名。
3. "In particular, his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact."
- 这个句子由一个主句和一个由介词短语引导的状语从句构成：
- "his paintings are set apart from other paintings."
- "his paintings" 是主语，"are set apart" 是谓语动词，"from other paintings" 是介词短语作处所状语，修饰 "are set apart"。
- "by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact."
- "by" 引导介词短语，表示方法，修饰 "are set apart"，"their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact" 是介词短语的宾语，描述 "his paintings" 的特点。
- 翻译：特别是，他的画以其逼真的人物面孔和深远的情感影响而与其他画作区分开来。
4. "As a result, painters concentrated less on religious themes."
- 这是一个由副词短语 "As a result" 引导的结果状语从句：
- "painters concentrated less on religious themes."
- "painters" 是主语，"concentrated" 是谓语动词，"less on religious themes" 是介词短语作方式状语，修饰 "concentrated"。
- 翻译：结果，画家们对宗教主题的关注减少了。
5. "Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved."
- 这个句子是一个由并列连词 "and" 连接的复合句：
- "Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves."
- "Kings, nobles, and people of high rank" 是主语，"wanted to purchase" 是谓语动词，"accurate pictures of themselves" 是宾语，"themselves" 是反身代词，指代主语。
- "and the people they loved" 是并列成分，连接到前面的 "pictures"，表示他们想要购买准确的图片，而不仅仅是他们自己的。
- 翻译：国王、贵族和高级人士想购买准确的自己和他们所爱的人的图片。
6. "Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology."
- 这是一个简单的复合句：
- "Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology."
- "Others" 是主语，"wanted" 是谓语动词，"paintings" 是宾语，"showing important historical events or stories from mythology" 是动词 "showing" 的宾语补语，修饰 "paintings"。
- 翻译：其他人想要展示重要历史事件或神话故事的画作。
7. "While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir (1841-1919), focused on people."
- 这个句子由一个副词短语 "While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life" 引导的时间状语从句和一个主句组成：
- "While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life."
- "many Impressionists" 是主语，"painted" 是谓语动词，"scenes of nature or daily life" 是宾语，"of nature or daily life" 是后置定语，修饰 "scenes"。
- "others, such as Renoir (1841-1919), focused on people."
- "others" 是主语，"focused" 是谓语动词，"on people" 是状语，修饰 "focused"，"such as Renoir (1841-1919)" 是插入语，解释 "others"。
- 翻译：虽然许多印象派画家画了自然或日常生活场景，但其他人，如雷诺阿（1841-1919年），则专注于人物。
8. "What they attempted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, 'what is art '"
- 这个句子包含一个宾语从句 "What they attempted to do" 和一个并列连词 "but instead" 连接的并列结构：
- "What they attempted to do was no longer show reality."
- "What they attempted to do" 是主语从句，"was" 是谓语动词，"no longer show reality" 是主语从句的谓语动词的宾语补语。
- "but instead to ask the question, 'what is art '"
- "but instead" 是并列连词，连接到前面的句子，表示转折关系，"to ask the question, 'what is art '" 是宾语从句，修饰 "attempted to do"，表示他们试图做的事情。
- 翻译：他们试图做的不再是展示现实，而是提出问题，“什么是艺术？”
