2024届高考英语核心词汇复习拓展 Part twenty-seven（词根词缀排序）清单

高考英语核心词汇复习拓展 Part twenty-seven（词根词缀排序）
1. spect (看):
respect (v./n.): 尊敬，尊重；方面
拓展:
give/send one's respects to sb.: 向…致意，问候
have respect for: 尊敬
with respect to: 关于，就…方面
in respect of: 关于，在…方面
respectable (adj.): 可敬的，受尊敬的
respectful (adj.): 恭敬的，尊敬的；有礼貌的
例句:
The teacher is respectable and we are all respectful to him. 这位老师令人尊敬，我们所有的人都尊敬他。
辨析: respect vs. admire
respect 强调对他人品质、能力等的敬重；admire 则强调对他人优秀品质、才能等的钦佩和赞赏。
串记: With respect to the devotion he made, he is respectable, so we are all respectful to him. 就他的奉献而言，他值得尊重，因此我们所有的人都尊敬他。
expect (v.): 期待，预期
拓展:
be expected to do sth.: 被期望做某事
expectation (n.): 期望，预期
例句:
I expect to graduate from college next year. 我期望明年大学毕业。
辨析: expect vs. hope
expect 指有根据的预期；hope 指没有把握的愿望。
串记: He is expected to achieve good results in the coming exam, which is also his expectation. 他被期望在即将到来的考试中取得好成绩，这也是他的期望。
2. spon/spons (保证，承担):
respond (v.): 回答，回应；作出反应
拓展:
respond to: 回答，回应；对…作出反应
respond by: 以…方式回应
response (n.): 回答，回应；反应
in response to: 响应…的号召
例句:
How did they respond to the news 他们对这则消息有什么反应？
辨析: respond vs. react
respond 侧重经过考虑后作出的回应；react 则侧重指自然而然或本能的反应。
串记: The students responded actively to the teacher's questions, demonstrating their quick response and deep understanding. 学生们积极地回答老师的问题，展现了他们快速的反应能力和深刻的理解。
responsible (adj.): 负责的，可靠的；有责任的
拓展:
be responsible for: 对…负责；是…的原因
be responsible to sb.: 对某人负责
responsibility (n.): 责任，职责
take responsibility for: 对…负责
例句:
As the team leader, he is responsible for the project's success. 作为团队领导，他对项目的成功负责。
辨析: responsible vs. reliable
responsible 强调负责任的态度和行为；reliable 则强调可以信赖和依靠。
串记: The responsible researcher is responsible for the entire research. 负责任的研究者负责整个研究。
3. serve (服务，保存):
reserve (v./n.): 保留，储备；预定
拓展:
reserve sth. for sb.: 为某人保留某物
reserve a room/table/seat: 预订房间/桌子/座位
reservation (n.): 预定，预约；保留
in reserve: 备用的
without reserve: 毫无保留地
例句:
I have reserved a table for two at the restaurant. 我在餐厅预订了双人桌。
辨析: reserve vs. book
reserve 和 book 都可以表示“预订”，但 reserve 更正式一些。
串记: These seats are reserved for special guests who are eager to see the film about natural reserves. 这些座位是留给渴望看关于自然保护区的电影的客人的。
4. claim/clam (喊):
exclaim (v.): 呼喊，惊叫
拓展:
exclaim in surprise: 惊讶地叫喊
例句:
She exclaimed in surprise when she saw the gift. 她看到礼物时惊讶地叫喊起来。
辨析: exclaim vs. shout
exclaim 强调因惊讶、愤怒等情绪而喊叫；shout 则强调大声喊叫。
串记: Upon seeing the magnificent scenery, he couldn't help exclaiming, "What a breathtaking view!" 看到壮丽的景色，他忍不住惊呼：“多么令人叹为观止的景色啊！”
proclaim (v.): 宣称，宣布
拓展:
proclaim oneself: 宣布自己是…
例句:
The king proclaimed himself the ruler of the land. 国王宣布自己是这片土地的统治者。
辨析: proclaim vs. announce
proclaim 强调正式、公开地宣布；announce 则指一般的宣布。
串记: The chairman proclaimed the meeting open, and then announced the agenda for the day. 主席宣布会议开始，然后宣布了当天的议程。
reclaim (v.): 收回，开垦
拓展:
reclaim land from the sea: 从海中 reclamation
(n.): 填海造地
例句:
They reclaimed the desert and turned it into farmland. 他们开垦沙漠，把它变成了农田。
辨析: reclaim vs. recover
reclaim 强调收回失去的东西；recover 则强调重新获得失去的东西或恢复健康等。
串记: The government has initiated a project to reclaim land from the sea, aiming to expand the city's territory. 政府启动了一个填海造地项目，旨在扩大城市的领土。
5. tain/ten/tin (拿，握):
contain (v.): 包含，容纳
拓展:
container (n.): 容器
例句:
This box contains all my childhood toys. 这个盒子装着我所有的童年玩具。
辨析: contain vs. include
contain 强调包含在内，不超出范围；include 强调包含在内，但可以超出范围。
串记: The report contains detailed information about the recent scientific discoveries, including the groundbreaking research on artificial intelligence. 这份报告包含了关于近期科学发现的详细信息，包括人工智能领域的突破性研究。
maintain (v.): 维持，保持
拓展:
maintenance (n.): 维护，保养
例句:
It is important to maintain a healthy lifestyle. 保持健康的生活方式很重要。
辨析: maintain vs. keep
maintain 强调保持某种状态或水平；keep 则强调持续拥有或保持某种状态。
串记: Regular exercise and a balanced diet are essential to maintain good health, and also help keep a positive attitude. 经常锻炼和均衡的饮食对保持良好的健康至关重要，也有助于保持积极的态度。
obtain (v.): 获得，得到
拓展:
obtainable (adj.): 可得到的
例句:
He obtained a scholarship to study abroad. 他获得了出国留学的奖学金。
辨析: obtain vs. get
obtain 较正式，强调通过努力获得；get 较口语化，强调获得的方式不重要。
串记: After years of hard work, he finally obtained his PhD degree, which is a significant achievement and not easily obtainable. 经过多年的努力，他终于获得了博士学位，这是一项重大成就，来之不易。
sustain (v.): 维持，支撑
拓展:
sustainable (adj.): 可持续的
例句:
The bridge sustained heavy damage in the earthquake. 这座桥在地震中遭受了严重破坏。
辨析: sustain vs. support
sustain 强调承受压力或伤害并继续存在；support 强调给予帮助或支撑。
串记: The pillars of the ancient temple have sustained the weight of the structure for centuries, demonstrating their remarkable strength and durability. 这座古老寺庙的柱子几个世纪以来一直支撑着建筑的重量，显示出它们非凡的力量和耐久性。
6. gress (走):
progress (n./v.): 进步，进展
拓展:
make progress: 取得进步
例句:
She has made significant progress in her studies. 她在学习上取得了显著的进步。
辨析: progress vs. development
progress 强调向前发展或改进；development 强调事物逐渐成长或演变的过程。
串记: The company has made remarkable progress in developing new technologies, contributing to the advancement of the industry. 这家公司在开发新技术方面取得了显著的进展，为行业进步做出了贡献。
regress (v.): 退步，倒退
拓展:
regression (n.): 退步，倒退
例句:
His health regressed after the surgery. 他术后健康状况有所倒退。
辨析: regress vs. decline
regress 强调退回到较早的状态；decline 则强调逐渐变弱或减少。
串记: Without continuous effort, one's skills may regress over time, leading to a decline in performance. 如果不持续努力，一个人的技能可能会随着时间的推移而退步，导致表现下降。
7.
regard (v./n.): 把…看作；认为；尊重；关注
拓展:
regard...as: 把…看作
with regard to: 关于…，在这点上
in this regard: 在这点上
regardless of: 不管，不顾
例句:
I regard reading as a form of recreation. 我把看书当作一种消遣的形式。
辨析: regard vs. consider
regard 指把…看作，侧重主观看法；consider 则指考虑，侧重思考和判断。
串记: With regard to the status of teachers, they are regarded as gardeners who cultivate the minds of young people. 关于教师的地位，他们被认为是培养年轻人思想的园丁。
regret (n./v.): 后/懊悔；抱歉，遗憾
拓展:
regret doing sth.: 后悔做过某事
regret to do sth.: 遗憾地要做某事
with great/deep regret: 非常遗憾地
to one's regret: 令某人遗憾的是
regretful (adj.): 后悔的，遗憾的
例句:
I regret not studying harder when I was younger. 我后悔年轻的时候没有更努力地学习。
辨析: regret vs. sorry
regret 指对过去的事情感到懊悔；sorry 指对造成的不便或伤害感到抱歉。
串记: To our regret, he bitterly regretted helping us, as his good intentions were misunderstood. 令我们遗憾的是，他非常懊悔帮助了我们，因为他的好意被误解了。
regular (adj.): 规则/律的，定期的；经常的；正常的
拓展:
regularly (adv.): 有规则地；经常地
regular customer: 常客，老顾客
例句:
Do you take regular exercise 你经常锻炼吗？
辨析: regular vs. normal
regular 强调有规律、符合规则；normal 强调符合标准或一般情况。
串记: Attending a regular school, students lead a regular life with a regular schedule. 上普通学校，学生过着有规律的生活，有规律的时间表。
relate (v.): 叙述；使…有联系；涉及；认同
拓展:
relate to: 与…协调,与…相处得好,与…相适应
relate...to...: 把…和…联系起来
related (adj.): 有关的；相关的
be related to: 有关系的；有关联的
relation (n.): 关系；联系；亲属
relationship (n.): 关系
relative (n.): 亲戚；(adj.): 相对的；有关系的
relatively (adv.): 相对地，比较地
例句:
He related the story of his childhood. 他讲述了他的童年故事。
辨析: relate vs. tell
relate 强调讲述事件的来龙去脉；tell 则指一般的讲述。
串记: He related the facts of the case which is related to the murder. 他叙述了与谋杀案有关的案件的事实。
relax (v.): (使)放松；使休息；使松弛
拓展:
relaxation (n.): 放松; 缓和; 消遣
relaxed (adj.): 放松的；自在的
relaxing (adj.): 令人轻松/放松的
例句:
It’s important to relax after a long day of work. 经过漫长的一天工作后，放松一下很重要。
辨析: relax vs. rest
relax 强调身心放松；rest 强调休息，恢复体力或精力。
串记: Even relaxing shows can’t make him feel relaxed. Proper relaxation is necessary. 即使是轻松的节目也不能让他感到放松。适当的放松是必要的。
relieve (v.): 解除，减轻；使放心
拓展:
relieve sb. from: 使某人摆脱…
relieve sb. of: 解除某人…方面的负担
relief (n.): 减轻；宽慰；救济物
to one's relief: 令人感到欣慰的是
with relief: 宽慰地
in relief: 如释重负；松了口气
例句:
The medicine relieved her pain. 这药减轻了她的疼痛。
辨析: relieve vs. reduce
relieve 强调减轻痛苦、负担等；reduce 则强调减少数量或程度。
串记: To the parents' relief, the children were sent to the hospital safely and took the medicine that relieved them of their pain. We all sighed with relief when we heard the good news. 使父母感到宽慰的是，孩子们已被安全地送到了医院，并且吃下了缓解他们疼痛的药。当我们大家得知这个好消息后，都宽慰地松了口气。
ely (v.): 信赖；依靠
拓展:
rely on/upon: 信赖；依靠
rely on sb. doing/to do sth.: 指望某人做某事
rely on/upon it that...: 指望…；相信…
rely on/upon sb./sth. for sth.: 在某事上依赖/指望某人/物
reliable (adj.): 可依靠的；可依赖的
reliability (n.): 可靠性/度，信度
例句:
You can rely on me to help you. 你可以依靠我帮助你。
辨析: rely vs. depend
rely 和 depend 都有“依靠”的意思，但 rely 强调信任和信心，depend 则强调依赖性。
串记: The fact relying on your memory sometimes is unreliable. 依赖你的记忆有时是不可靠的。
remain (v.): 停/逗留；余/剩/留下；保持，仍是
拓展:
remain + adj./n.: 仍然是，依旧是
remain of: 剩下…,留下…
remain to be seen: 有待观察
remain under: 仍处于…下
remains (n.): 残余, 遗迹；遗骸
remaining (adj.): 剩下的，剩余的
例句:
She remained silent throughout the meeting. 在整个会议期间她都保持沉默。
辨析: remain vs. stay
remain 指别人已经走了，而某人仍在原地；stay 通常指在某地呆一段时间而不离开。
串记: It remains to be seen whether the remaining historical remains can remain unchanged. 剩下的历史遗迹能否保持不变，还有待观察。
remark (v./n.): 谈到，说起；注意到；评论
拓展:
remark on/upon: 谈论，评论，就…发表意见
remark that...: 谈起，说起…
make a remark/remarks on/about...: 就…发表评论，就…评头论足
remarkable (adj.): 显著的，非凡的，值得注意的
be remarkable for: 以…著称/引人瞩目
例句:
He remarked that the weather was getting colder. 他说天气越来越冷了。
辨析: remark ment
remark 指简短的评论；comment 指更详细的评论或解释。
串记: As we all know, the West Lake is remarkable for her beautiful scenery, which has been remarked on by poets and artists for centuries. 众所周知，西湖以她美丽的自然景色而著称，几个世纪以来一直被诗人和艺术家们所称颂。
remember (v.): 记得；想起；记住，铭记
拓展:
remember doing sth.: 记得做过某事
remember to do sth.: 记得要做某事
remember A to B: 代A向B问好
例句:
I don't remember what I had for breakfast this morning. 我不记得今天早上早餐吃了什么。
辨析: remember vs. recall
remember 指一般的记忆；recall 则指努力回忆起忘记的事情。
串记: Please remember to give my best regards to your family when you see them. 当你见到你的家人时，请代我向他们致以最诚挚的问候。
remind (v.): 提醒，使记/想起
拓展:
remind sb. about/of: 提醒；使想起
remind sb. to do sth.: 提醒某人做某事
remind (sb.) that/how/what...: 提醒(某人)…
reminder (n.): 暗示；提醒的人/物
例句:
Can you remind me to call my mother later 你能提醒我稍后给妈妈打电话吗？
辨析: remind vs. inform
remind 指提醒别人已经知道的事情；inform 指告诉别人不知道的事情。
串记: The reminder reminds me what I should do next 提醒提醒我下一步该做什么
remove (v.): 移动，拿走；脱/摘掉；消除，去掉
拓展:
remove...from...: 把…从…移开
remove from...to...: 从…搬到…
be removed from school: 开除；被勒令退学
removal (n.): 免职；移动；排除；搬迁
例句:
Please remove your shoes before entering the house. 进屋前请脱鞋。
辨析: remove vs. take away
remove 强调从原来的位置移走；take away 强调拿走并带到别处。
串记: The tumour having been removed, he remained working for three days to remove the problem. Feeling tired, he removed his eyes from the task and removed his glasses and rubbed his eyes. 肿瘤切除后，他继续工作了三天解决这个问题。当他觉得累了，就把眼睛从工作中移开，摘掉眼镜，揉了揉眼睛。
replace (v.): 取代，更换
拓展:
replace...with/by: 用…替换…，以…接替…
take one's place = take the place of: 代替
in place of = in one's place: 代替；取代
replacement (n.): 更换；替换的人(物)
例句:
The old bridge was replaced with a new one. 旧桥被新桥取代了。
辨析: replace vs. substitute
replace 强调永久性地替换；substitute 则强调暂时性地替换。
串记: It is not a good idea to miss main meals and replace them with snacks. They are irreplaceable. 不吃正餐，改吃点心，这不是什么好主意。他们是不可替代的。
report (n./v.): 报道/告；汇报；举报，告发
拓展:
give a report: 作报告
it is reported that: 据报导，据传闻
reported speech: 间接引语
report on sb/sth (to sb): 报道…,就…作报告
report out: 汇报
report to: 向…汇报〔报告〕
reporter (n.): 记者
例句:
The news reported a major accident on the highway. 新闻报道了高速公路上发生的一起重大交通事故。
辨析: report vs. news
report 指关于某事的报道，可以是新闻报道，也可以是调查报告等；news 指新闻，侧重新近发生的事情。
串记: The reporter gave a weather report that it will remain high temperature in the following five days. 记者报告说，未来五天天气仍将高温。
represent (v.): 代表；表示，象征
拓展:
represent sb as: 把…说成…
represent oneself as: 自称是……
represent sth to: 对…来说等于
represent sth to oneself: 心中想象到某物
representative (n.): 代表；典型；(adj.): 典型的，有代表性的
a representative for…: 的代理人
be representative of: 是…的代表，代表
例句:
The flag represents our country. 这面旗帜代表我们的国家。
辨析: represent vs. symbolize
represent 强调代表某人或某事物；symbolize 强调用象征手法表达某种意义。
串记: The look on the representative’s face represented he hated the gift and everything it represented. 代表脸上的表情表明他讨厌这份礼物和它所代表的一切。
request (n./v.): 请/要求
拓展:
make a request for: 请求，要求…
at sb.'s request = at the request of sb.: 应某人之要求
on/upon request: 一经要求
request sb. to do sth.: 请求/要求某人做某事
request that ...(should) do sth.: 请求…做某事
例句:
She made a request to see the manager. 她要求见经理。
辨析: request vs. ask
request 较正式，强调请求对方做某事；ask 则指一般的询问或请求。
串记: It is reported that at the request of the public, the singer was requested to apologize in public. 据报道，应公众的要求，这位歌手被要求公开道歉。
require (v.): 需求；要求
拓展:
require sb. to do sth.: 需要某人做某事
require that sb. (should) do sth.: 要求某人做某事
require doing/to be done: 需要被做
requirement (n.): 要求，需要；必需品
meet/satisfy one's requirements: 满足某人的要求
例句:
This job requires a lot of patience. 这份工作需要很大的耐心。
辨析: require vs. need
require 较正式，强调必要条件；need 则指一般的需要。
串记: Regulations require that students should attend at least 90% of the lectures and meet other requirements. 规定要求学生至少要达到90%的听课率且满足其他的要求。
research (n./v.): 研究，调查
拓展:
do research on/into sth.: 对某事物进行研究
research into: 就…研究
research on: 研究; 探讨…
researcher (n.): 研究者/员
例句:
He is doing research on the causes of cancer. 他正在研究癌症的病因。
辨析: research vs. study
research 强调系统深入的调查研究；study 则指一般的学习或研究。
串记: The researcher were required to do further research on cancer. 研究人员被要求对癌症做进一步的研究。
rescue (v./n.): 营救，拯救，救援
拓展:
rescue sb./sth. from ...: 从…中拯救某人/某物
come to one's rescue = come to the rescue of sb.: 救援/帮助某人
make a rescue: 实施救援
例句:
The firefighters rescued the family from the burning building. 消防员从着火的建筑物中救出了这家人。
辨析: rescue vs. save
rescue 强调从危险中救出；save 则强调使免于危险或死亡。
串记: It's kind of you to have rescued me from an embarrassing situation.
Although he was occupied, he came to my rescue when I was trapped in the hill hole. 你把我从尴尬的境地中解救出来真是太好啊。 虽然他很忙，但当我被困山洞时，他来救我了。
resist (v.): 抵抗，抵制
拓展:
resist doing sth.: 反对做某事
can't resist (doing) sth.: 无法抗拒(做)某事的诱惑
resistant (adj.): 有抵抗力的，抵抗的
be resistant to: 对…有抵抗力
resistance (n.): 抗拒，反对，阻力
例句:
The soldiers resisted the enemy's attack. 士兵们抵抗了敌人的进攻。
辨析: resist vs. oppose
resist 强调抵挡或反抗；oppose 强调反对或对抗。
串记: Among them are special windows that are resistant (resist) to dirt and water. 其中包括特殊的窗户，它们能够抵抗污垢和水。
练习：
一、语法填空。
The scientist is conducting extensive ________ (research) on the effects of climate change.
The company ________ (representative) will arrive tomorrow to discuss the contract.
It's important to ________ (relax) and take breaks to avoid burnout.
Only a few ________ (remain) tickets are available for the concert.
Cacti ________ (require) very little water to survive in the desert.
You can always ________ (rely) on her to be on time.
To my ________ (relieve), the test was easier than I expected.
Please give my ________ (respect) to your grandparents.
Drivers are required ________ (obey) traffic laws.
We all have a ________ (responsible) to protect the environment.
二、单句改错。
She reminded to me to buy some milk on my way home.
He replaced the broken window by a new one.
The government has reclaimed a lot of land from sea.
The bag contained a variety of fruits, including apples and oranges.
It is important to maintain good relationships with your colleagues.
He obtained a good grade in the exam, which made him very happy.
The old building couldn't sustain the strong wind and collapsed.
We have made great progress in improve the quality of our products.
The company regressed after the CEO resigned.
I respect him with his honesty and kindness.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
这项新技术有望彻底改变医疗保健行业。(revolutionize)
老师要求我们明天交作业。(require)
由于天气恶劣，航班被取消了。(cancel)
他讲述了他在非洲的冒险经历。(relate)
警察从河里救起了这个孩子。(rescue)
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
作为班长，我有责任维持课堂纪律。(be responsible for)
应广大观众的要求，我们将加演一场。(at the request of)
我已经预订了去北京的机票。(book)
这本书包含了大量关于中国历史的信息。(contain)
我们必须保持环境清洁。(maintain)
参考答案：
一、语法填空。
research (n.): 研究
representative (n.): 代表
to relax (v.): 放松 (不定式作目的状语)
remaining (adj.): 剩下的
require (v.): 需要
rely (v.): 依靠
relief (n.): 宽慰
respects (n.): 敬意
to obey (v.): 遵守 (不定式作状语，表结果)
responsibility (n.): 责任
二、单句改错。
reminded to me → reminded me (remind sb. to do sth.)
by → with (replace...with...)
from sea → from the sea
√
√
√
√
improve → improving (progress in doing sth.)
√
with → for (respect sb. for sth.)
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
This new technology is expected to revolutionize the healthcare industry.
The teacher requires us to hand in our homework tomorrow.
The flight was canceled due to bad weather.
He related his adventures in Africa.
The police rescued the child from the river.
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
As the monitor, I am responsible for maintaining discipline in class.
At the request of the audience, we will have an extra performance.
I have booked a flight to Beijing.
This book contains a lot of information about Chinese history.
We must maintain a clean environment.