02-1重点语法之构词法
以下真题，如果你做起来略感费劲或错误率比较高，说明你在词性转换方面存在比较大的漏洞。
1.(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ___56___(taste)soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
56.【答案】tasty
【解析】所给的提示词为名词或动词，考查词性转换(转换成形容词)。分析句子结构可知，这里需用形容词修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。
2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the ___59___(recognize)home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace.
59.【答案】recognized
【解析】所给提示词为动词，考查词性转换(转换成过去分词作形容词)(此题也可以归类为考查非谓语动词)。分析句子结构可知，空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语，故填recognized。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。
3.(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ___64___(rare)enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
64.【答案】rarely
【解析】所给的提示词为形容词，考查词性转换(转换成副词)。分析句子结构可知，这里修饰形容词要用副词，故填rarely。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。
4.(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017, right before the ___56___(arrive)of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___57___(confidence)
speaking English.
56.【答案】arrival
【解析】所给的提示词为动词，考查词性转换(转换成名词)。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是
介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词，故填arrival。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。
57.【答案】confident
【解析】所给的提示词为名词，考查词性转换(转换成形容词)。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的comfortable并列，作并列表语，应用形容词形式，confidence的形容词形式是confident，故填confident。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。
5.(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___60____(visit)Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
60.【答案】visiting
【解析】所给的提示词为动词，考查词性转换(转换成现在分词作形容词)(此题也可以归类为考查非谓语动词)。分析句子结构可知，空格后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”，故填visiting。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。
6.(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)So, what are they learning ___63___(basic), how to describe a panda's life.
63.【答案】Basically
【解析】所给的提示词为形容词，考查词性转换(转换成副词)。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，basic的副词形式是basically位于句首，首字母应大写，故填Basically。句意：基本上，如何描述熊猫的生活。
7.(2023全国甲卷)___67___(difference)from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
67.【答案】Different
【解析】所给的提示词为名词，考查词性转换(转换成形容词)。be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语，故填Different。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。
8.(2023全国甲卷)The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___69___(warn)about environmental destruction.
69.【答案】warning
【解析】所给的提示词为动词，考查词性转换(转换成名词)。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式，故填warning。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。
9.(2023全国乙卷)The ___69___(remark)development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be
photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
69.【答案】remarkable
【解析】所给的提示词为名词，考查词性转换(转换成形容词)。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”，故填remarkable。句意：这个城市的显著发展，是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界，这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现，我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。
10.(2023浙江1月卷)The term “hutong”, ___57___(original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
57.【答案】originally
【解析】所给的提示词为形容词，考查词性转换(转换成副词)。空格处修饰动词meaning需要填副词形式，故填originally。句意：胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思，首次出现在元朝。
11.(2023浙江1月卷)The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ___61___(space)homes and walled gardens.
61.【答案】spacious
【解析】所给的提示词为名词，考查词性转换(转换成形容词)。空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes，故填spacious。句意：他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。
12.(2024浙江1月卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ___50___(criticize)that they lead to waste.
50.【答案】criticism
【解析】所给的提示词为动词，考查词性转换(转换成名词)。根据“that they lead to waste”可知，此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语，故填criticism。句意：许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动，因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。
纵观译林牛津2020版教材，考生可以发现教材并没有专门涉及词性转换这方面的语法知识，故得补一补。
词性转换的常用手段(派生法)
高考语法填空词性转换的考查重点有：
1.动词转换成名词(可数名词还要注意单复数的情况)、转换成形容词、转换成反义词等；
2.名词转换成动词、转换成形容词、转换成反义词等；
3.形容词转换成名词、转换成副词、转换成反义词等。特别要注意由分词转换而来的形容词变成副词的
问题(如：undoubtedly, tiredly, surprisingly等)。
派生法就是加后缀或前缀推导出与原词相关的其他词的方法。
1.动词转换成名词重要的后缀
后缀 例 词
-ation accelerate(使)加速，增加 accommodate容纳(乘客等)，向……提供住处 acceleration加速，增加 accommodation食宿
-sion permit允许 admit承认，(入场，入学) decide决定 express表达 permission许可 admission许可，准入 decision决定 expression表达，表情
-ment accomplish完成(任务等)，取得(成功) achieve取得(成就) accomplishment完成 achievement成就，功绩
-al approve赞成，支持 arrive到达 survive幸存，幸免于难 approval赞成，赞许 arrival到来，到达 survival幸存
注意：.动词变形容词：主要是由现在分词、过去分词转化为形容词。
excite使兴奋→excited adj.感到兴奋的(指人或动物的心理感受)→exciting令人兴奋的(指事情所具有的性质和特征)
2.名词转换成形容词重要的后缀
后缀 例 词
-ible access(进入……的)权利或机会 accessible可进入的，可使用的
-able agree同意 agreeable同意的，接受的
-ful care照料，小心 careful小心的，仔细的
-ly friend朋友 friendly友好的
-al music音乐 musical音乐的
-ish child孩子 childish幼稚的，孩子气的
3.形容词转换成名词重要的后缀
后缀 例 词
-ness dark黑暗的 darkness黑暗
-th warm温暖的 warmth温暖
-y difficult难的，困难的 difficulty困难
-ity real真实的，真正地 reality现实
4.形容词转换成副词主要是加后缀-ly，但是要注意形容词加ly变副词的规律
情况 例 词
直接+ly casual随便的，非正式的 casually随便地，非正式地
以le结尾的去e后+ly simple简单的 simply简单地
以y结尾的变y为i后+ly happy高兴的 happily幸福地
5.形容词转换成动词重要的前后缀
前缀或后缀 例 词
en+形容词 rich富有的 enrich使富裕，使富有
形容词+en sharp锋利的，尖的 sharpen(使)变锐利，(使)尖锐
形容词+ize real真实的，真正的 realize意识到，实现
以e结尾的去e后+ify simple简单的 simplify使简单化
6.表示相反意义或做相反动作的重要前缀
前缀 例 词
dis- appear出现 obey服从 disappear消失 disobey不服从
in/il/im/ir- visible看得见的 legal合法的 possible可能的 regular有规律的，常规的 invisible 看不见的 illegal非法的 impossible不可能的 irregular异常的
mis– understand明白，理解 misunderstand误解
un– fit合适的 fair公平的 known知道的 load装载，装入 cover遮盖，掩蔽 unfit不适合 unfair不公平 unknown未知的 unload卸载 uncover揭开……的盖子，揭露
non– stop停留，停止 non–stop不停留的
注：高考英语语法填空常见词性转换的词见本专题的附录。
词性转换题所填词形的判别
在语法填空中，对词性转换的考查是给提示词类的考点之一，其解题需要注意的是：首先根据空格在句子中的位置及其在句子中的功能来判断该空格所需的词性；其次根据句意，运用构词法的有关规则等方法来确定答案词的正确形式。另外运用以下解题技巧可以帮助你缩小正确答案的范围：
一、提示词为形容词的情况
1.后面跟着动词、形容词或副词时，应填其副词形式
Entrance to the museum is free on Sundays, but it would ________(normal)cost $3.25 to go in and see the film.
【答案】normally
【解析】根据空格位置可知，此处修饰动词cost，故填提示词的副词形式normally。句意：星期天博物馆免费入场。但是进去看电影通常要花费3.25美元。
2.前有冠词、形容词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，以及空格在介词后面时，通常填其名词形式
①Since the TV adaption has been a slow release, many viewers have bought a copy of the________(origin)book to get ahead.
【答案】original
【解析】此处需用形容词修饰名词book，指原版书，故填original。句意：因为根据原著改编的电视剧的改编播放进度一直很缓慢，所以许多观众买来原著继续往前推进。
②Too deep worry began to destroy my ________(confident).
【答案】confidence
【解析】根据空格位置及my一词可以判断此处填写名词，confident变名词的规则为把t变ce。句意：过度的担忧开始摧毁我的信心。
③A television series is fast gaining its wordofmouth ________(popular)among not only Chinese households but also some foreigners.
【答案】popularity
【解析】根据空格位置，前面有形容词性物主代词its和wordofmouth，后面应该为名词。popular为形容词，它的名词变化为后面加ity，故填popularity。句意：一部电视连续剧迅速爆红荧屏，不仅是中国人爱看这部剧，许多老外也被圈粉。
3.空格位于动词前，可能作主语，应填名词；空格位于动词后考虑是否作宾语，如果是，应填名词
①Many teenagers think that ________(happy)comes from a good exam result or praise from other people.
【答案】happiness
【解析】空格位置位于谓语动词“comes from”前，作主语，所以填happy的名词形式，句意为：很多青少年认为幸福来自于一次好的考试结果或是受到他人的表扬。
②Red is used in many American expressions. It can be used to show ________(happy), as in “a red-letter day”.
【答案】happiness
【解析】空格位置位于动词后，这里应该作动词“show”的宾语，应填其名词形式。句意：红色在许多美国习语中使用。红色可以用来表示快乐。
4.空格位于句首，后面有逗号，应填副词，修饰整个句子
①________(obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destination.
【答案】Obviously
【解析】此空处于句首，通常为副词作状语修饰整个句子，故填Obviously。句意：很显然，一个好习惯可以帮助我们加速达到我们的最终目的。
②________(luck), native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of
English.
【答案】Luckily
【解析】根据空格位置，提示词在句首，并且是形容词，因此使用副词，修饰整个句子，故答案为Luckily。
句意：庆幸的是，英语为母语者能够彼此理解,即使他们不讲同一种类的英语。
5.前面有介词，应填其名词形式
The letter wasn’t addressed to me but I opened it out of ________(curious).
【答案】curiosity
【解析】根据提示词前面的介词with可知，后面使用名词形式。curious的名词形式为curiosity。句意：那封信不是写给我的，然而我却出于好奇把它拆开了。
6.根据语境，填其反义词
Being ________(happy)is like an infectious disease. It causes people to stay away from the sufferer.
【答案】unhappy
【解析】根据此空后面的like an infectious disease.像一个传染病，可知此处应用happy的反义词。句意：不快乐就像传染病一样，会使得人们对于不快乐的人退避三舍。
二、提示词为名词的情况
1.后面跟着名词或代词以及作表语时，应填其形容词形式
①Late last year the Thompsons took part in a television documentary(纪录片)to prove that not all gifted children are the result of extremely ________(ambition)parents.
【答案】ambitious
【解析】根据空格位置，后面是名词parents，应该使用形容词作后面名词的定语，故填ambitious。句意：去年年底，汤姆森一家参加了一部电视纪录片录制，以此证明并非所有有天赋的孩子都是雄心勃勃的父母的结果。
②What makes qigong special is that it can be done lying, sitting, or standing; thus it is ________(access)to disabled persons, seniors, and people recovering from injuries.
【答案】accessible
【解析】根据提示词位于系动词is的后面，说明此处使用形容词作表语。access的形容词形式在其后加ible, 故填accessible。句意：气功的特殊之处在于它可以躺着、坐着或站着去做。所以残疾人、老年人和伤后恢复的人都可以做。
2.根据语境，填其反义词
She carried her left arm at an awkward angle, as if it were causing her ________(comfort).
【答案】discomfort
【解析】根据上文，说明她“不舒服”。句意“她的左胳膊很不自然地抬着，好像它让她不舒服似的。
三、提示词为动词的情况
1.是用其现在分词还是用其过去分词
①It was ________(amaze)that our class won the second place. Our efforts paid off! 10.
【答案】amazing
【解析】指“我们班赢得了第二名”这件事是“令人惊呀的”，应用现在分词。句意：令人惊讶的是我们班赢得了第二名。我们的努力得到了回报。
②Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside to take a close look at the menu. He was ________(amaze)at what he saw.
【答案】amazed
【解析】be amazed at对……感到吃惊。句意：好奇心驱使王鹏进去看菜谱。他对他所看到的感到吃惊。
2.空格前有限定词(形容词性物主代词、形容词、冠词、指示代词等)，应填其名词形式
①Jane knew from past experience that her ________(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
【答案】choice
【解析】形容词性物主代词后通常接名词，choose的名词形式是choice。另由此处that引导的宾语从句中缺主语也可判断此处填名词。句意：珍妮从过去的经验中知道她对领带的选择几乎从来没有让她满意过。
②It’s available in a ________(choose)of colours.
【答案】choice
【解析】前面有冠词a。句意：有多种颜色可供选择。
③They had little ________(choose)but to agree to what he suggested.
【答案】choice
【解析】前面有形容词little。句意：他们别无选择，只好接受他的提议。
3.根据语境，填其反义词
It is our belief to further expand markets and ________(satisfy)with existing achievements.
【答案】dissatisfy
【解析】根据上文“开拓市场”，说明“不满足于现有成绩”。句意：进一步开拓市场，不满足于现有成绩是我们的信念。
说明：为了突出训练的针对性，笔者对原题进行了适当的改编。
1
(2024届安徽省池州市普通高中高三下学期教学质量统一监测二模)The saying ‘All roads lead to Xianyang’ may not be widely known, but it is the ___56___(true)in history. After Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, unified the country in 221 BCE, he began building state-level roads, Xianyang ___57___the center.
Several long roads were therefore completed, covering a ___58___(distant)of about 750 kilometers, running through plains, mountains, grasslands, deserts, and finally leading to Xianyang, the capital city.
Like the Great Wall, these roads, ___59___(call)Qin Zhidao, literally the Qin Direct Paths or Qin Highways, are considered another miracle in Qin Dynasty. Generally, the roads were 20 to 60 meters wide and 50 cars could run side by side at the same time on their ___60___(wide)sections. The ___61___(firm)made surface was shaped like a turtle back above the ground to avoid standing water at that time. Another amazing fact is that grass ___62___(rare)grow on the road and many parts are still in good condition even today.
The mysterious ancient roads, ___63___ date back over 2,200 years and predate the Roman Roads by over 200 years, are known to be ___64___ natural museum in the history of road construction. Historians evaluate it this way: if the Great Wall is compared to a defensive shield(盾牌), then Qin Zhidao is the weapon to guard the ___65___(stable)and prosperity of the Qin Empire.
【答案】
56. truth 57. as 58. distance 59. called 60. widest
61. firmly 62. rarely 63. which 64. a 65. stability
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了秦朝的另一个奇迹：秦直道。
56.考査不可数名词。句意：“条条大路通咸阳”这句话可能并不广为人知，但这是历史上的真理。前面有定冠词the，所以用名词truth作表语，为不可数名词，故填truth。
57.考查介词。句意：公元前221年，中国第一位皇帝秦始皇统一中国后，他开始修建以咸阳为中心的国家级公路。根据句意可知，此处表示“作为”，后跟名词，所以用介词as，故填as。
58.考查名词。句意：因此，几条长路建成，全长约750公里，穿过平原、山脉、草原、沙漠，最终通往都城咸阳。前面有冠词a，后面有介词短语修饰，应该填名词，故填distance。
59.考查非谓语动词。句意：和长城一样，这些被称为“秦直道”的道路被认为是秦朝的另一个奇迹。call和它所修饰的词these roads之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语，故填called。
60.考查形容词最高级。句意：一般来说，道路宽度为20 ~ 60米，最宽的路段可以同时行驶50辆汽车。根据句意可知此处表示“最宽的”，所以用形容词最高级作定语，故填widest。
61.考查副词。句意：坚固的表面被塑造成乌龟的形状，露出地面，以避免积水。修饰动词made，应用副词，故填firmly。
62.考查副词。句意：另一个令人惊奇的事实是，道路上很少长草，许多地方直到今天仍然状况良好。修饰动词，所以用副词，故填rarely。
63.考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这条神秘的古路的历史可以追湖到2200多年前，比罗马道路早200多年，是道路建设史上的一座天然博物馆。此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为The mysterious ancient roads，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，所以用which引导，故填which。
64.考查冠词。句意：这条神秘的古路的历史可以追湖到2200多年前，比罗马道路星200多年，是道路建设史上的一座天然博物馆。此处泛指一个，所以用不定冠词，natural是以辅音音素开头的，故填a。
65.考查名词。句意：历史学家是这样评价它的：如果把长城比作防御的盾牌，那么秦直道就是保卫秦朝稳
定整荣的武器。跟prosperity是并列关系，应该填名词，故填stability。
2
(2024届广东省湛江市高三下学期二模)No structure is as symbolically significant or ___56___(cultural)
important to China as the Great Wall. Architectural ___57___(engineer)are part of a huge project to repair this centuries-old structure.
Jiankou ___58___(believe)to be one of the most rugged stretches of the relic. Some of the most dangerous work includes laborers hanging from towering heights. With ropes tied around ___59___(they)waists, repair workers spread cement on the wall’s steep sides, while others hold the ropes for support. Surviving a fall from the steep sides would be ___60___(likely). A laborer explains ___61___ he risks his life to make repairs to the ancient structure, saying that it is an honor to be part of such a great cause, and it is very ___62___(meaning)to do so.
Getting supplies to this part of the wall is also a demanding effort. Because the path is so steep, donkeys and mules must be used to transport bricks, ___63___ can weigh as much as 150 kg each. The repair team goes to great ___64___(long)to keepthe principle of minimal intervention. “We have to stick ___65___ the original format, the original material and the original craftsmanship, so that we can better preserve the historical and cultural values, ” said Cheng Yongmao, the engineer leading Jiankou’s restoration work.
【答案】
56. culturally 57. engineers 58. is believed 59. their 60. unlikely
61. why 62. meaningful 63. which 64. lengths 65. to
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。对中国来说，没有一座建筑像长城那样具有象征意义或文化意义。本文主要介绍了长城最崎岖的部分之一——箭扣。
56.考查副词。句意：对中国来说，没有一座建筑像长城那样具有象征意义或文化意义。分析句子可知，此处修饰形容词，所以要用副词，故填culturally。
57.考查名词的数。句意：建筑工程师是修复这座有数百年历史的建筑的庞大项目的一部分。根据空后的are可知，此处的名词要用复数形式，故填engineers。
58.考查时态和语态。句意：箭扣被认为是最崎岖的遗迹之一。分析句子可知，believe与主语是动宾关系，所以要用 被动语态；根据句意和下文动词的时态可知，本句要用一般现在时。所以此处要用一般现在时的被动语态，故填is believed。
59.考查代词。句意：维修工人把绳子系在腰上，在墙壁陡峭的一侧铺上水泥，其他人则拿着绳子支撑。分析句子可知，此处修饰名词，所以要用形容词性物主代词，故填their。
60.考查反义词。句意：从陡峭的山坡上摔下来是不可能存活下来的。根据语境及，应该填提示词的反义词，故填unlikely。
61.考查名词性从句。句意：一名工人解释了他为什么冒着生命危险来修复这座古老的建筑，他说能成为这样一项伟大事业的一部分是一种荣誉，这样做非常有意义。分析句子可知，本句是宾语从句；句子用来说明原因，所以此处要填 why，故填why。
62.考查形容词。句意：同上。根据空前的very可知，此处要用形容词作表语，故填meaningful。
63.考查定语从句。句意：因为这条路太陡了，必须用驴子和骡子来运送砖块，每块砖块重达150公斤。分析句子可知，本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，所以此处要填which，故填which。
64.考查名词。句意：维修团队竭尽全力保持最小干预的原则。 go to great lengths to do sth 意为“竭尽全力做某事”，故填lengths。
65.考查介词。句意：“我们必须坚持原始的形式、原始的材料和原始的工艺，这样我们才能更好地保存历史和文化价值，”负责箭扣修复工作的工程师程永茂说。stick to sth 意为“坚持某事”，故填to。
3
(2024届河北省承德市部分高中高三下学期二模)The Chinese character zhen(振), meaning “vitalize”, ___56___(name)the nation’s most popular character related to domestic affairs this year, while the character wei, whose ___57___(mean)is “risk” or “crisis”, was chosen as ___58___(hot)for international topics. The characters are among a list of popular words, as well as phrases, collected in an annual ___59___(assess)organized by agencies including the Ministry of Education’s National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Center and the Commercial Press publishing house.
Organizers explained that “vitalize” represents ___60___ upward trend and a gesture of trying to make an effort, and that’s the spirit one should have ___61___ the face of challenges and obstacles, ___62___ it’s a country or an individual. Meanwhile, it pointed out that internationally, the world’s path has come to a crossroads amid wars and conflicts, sluggish economies, a ___63___(wide)gap of development and a worsening environment. Organizers called for looking for opportunities hidden in these crises and using dialogue and ___64___(cooperate) to handle differences in order to build a fair, better world.
In addition to characters, gaozhiliang fazhan, or high-quality development, was chosen ___65___(be)the key domestic phrase of the year, while ChatGPT was named the annual phrase in international topics.
【答案】
56. was named 57. meaning 58. the hottest 59. assessment 60. an
61. in 62. whether 63. widening 64. cooperation 65. to be
【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了2023年中国国内和国际上最受欢迎的汉字和词汇。
56.考查时态语态。句意：“振兴”的汉字“振”被评为今年国内最受欢迎的汉字，而“危”的汉字则被选为最热门的国际话题。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少谓语动词，主语The character zhen与name之间为被动关系，结合下文时态可知，这里要使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数谓语使用相应的第三人称单数，故填was named。
57.考查名词。句意：“振兴”的汉字“振”被评为今年国内最受欢迎的汉字，而“危”的汉字则被选为最热门的国际话题。受whose修饰，应该用名词，故填meaning。
58.考查形容词最高级。句意：“振兴”的汉字“振”被评为今年国内最受欢迎的汉字，而“危”的汉字则被选为最热门的国际话题。结合上文语境可知，此处要使用形容词最高级作，故填the hottest。
59.考查名词。句意：这些字符是由教育部国家语言资源监测与研究中心和商务印书馆等机构组织的年度评估中收集的流行单词和短语列表之一。受形容词annual修饰，应该用名词，故填assessment。
60.考查冠词。句意：组织者解释说，“振兴”代表着一种上升趋势和努力的姿态，这是一个人在面对挑战和障碍时应该具备的精神，无论它是一个国家还是个人。分析句子结构可知，trend“趋势”可数名词表泛指，前缺少不定冠词，upward以元音音素开头，要用an，故填an。
61.考查介词。句意：组织者解释说，“振兴”代表着一种上升趋势和努力的姿态，这是一个人在面对挑战和障碍时应该具备的精神，无论它是一个国家还是个人。短语in the face of“面对”符合句意，故填in。
62.考查状语从句。句意：组织者解释说，“振兴”代表着一种上升趋势和努力的姿态，这是一个人在面对挑战和障碍时应该具备的精神，无论它是一个国家还是个人。结合句意可知，此处使用whether …or….“无论……还是……”引导让步状语从句，故填whether。
63.考查形容词(现在分词)。句意：同时，报告指出，在国际上，世界道路已在战争和冲突、经济低迷、发展差距扩大和环境恶化中走到十字路口。分析句子结构可知，此处使用形容词（也可理解成现在分词）作定语修饰名词 gap，widening“不断加宽的”符合句意，故填widening。
64.考查名词。句意：组织者呼吁寻找隐藏在这些危机中的机会，并利用对话与合作来处理分歧，以建设一个公平、更美好的世界。跟dialogue为并列关系，应该填名词，故填cooperation。
65.考查非谓语动词。句意：除了文字，“高质量发展”被选为年度国内重点短语，而ChatGPT被评为年度国际主题短语。短语 be chosen to be“被选作……”，故填to be。
4
(2024届湖北省圆创联考高三下学期3月联合一模)Have you ever heard someone say “You can tell a lot about someone by how they dress” and wondered if that was true What you wear can inform ___56___(passer-by)
of your type of employment, as well as your ambitions, emotions and spending habits.
In early ___57___(civilize), the key purpose of clothing was to keep us warm. Today, central heating warms our homes, reducing our ___58___(depend)on clothes alone to help us to survive. Clothes ___59___(develop)from previous practical belongings to today’s social markers: they affect the way we see ___60___(us). They help us to be seen in the light that we wish to be, and also bring ___61___ our personalities and social status.
In many societies, dress sense represents personal wealth and taste. For example, Economist George Taylor demonstrated this most ___62___(vivid)with the Hemline Index(裙摆指数). Taylor noted that as a country enters recession(衰退)and adopts simply spending habits, women often show a ___63___(prefer)towards longer dresses, while during times of prosperity ___64___ opposite result can be seen-hemlines often become shorter.
Whether you are male or female, your fashion choices can affect both your self-image, the impression ___65___ you convey to others and in turn, the way in which people behave towards you.
YOU ARE WHAT YOU WEAR!
【答案】
56. passers-by 57. civilizations 58. dependence 59. have developed 60. ourselves
61. out 62. vividly 63. preference 64. the 65. that/which
【语篇导读】本文为说明文。本文主要讲述你的穿着可以让路人知道你的职业类型、你的理想、情绪以及消费习惯。无论是男性还是女性，你的时尚选择都会影响你的自我形象，你给别人留下的印象，进而影响别人对你的态度。
56.考查名词的复数。句意：你的穿着可以告诉路人你的职业类型，以及你的野心、情绪和消费习惯？passer-by“过路人”此处数量大于一应用其复数形式为passers-by，故填passers-by。
57.考查名词及其复数。句意：在早期文明中，衣服的主要目的是保暖。受形容词early修饰，应该填名词，且civilization为可数名词，故填civilizations。
58.考查名词。句意：今天，中央供暖系统为我们的家庭供暖，减少了我们对衣服的依赖，帮助我们生存。被our修饰，应该填名词，故填dependence。
59.考查时态。句意：衣服已经从以前的实用物品发展成为今天的社会标志：它们影响着我们看待自己的方式。此处表示过去对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，主语为Clothes，助动词用have，故填have developed。
60.考查代词。句意：衣服已经从以前的实用物品发展成为今天的社会标志：它们影响着我们看待自己的方式。当句子的主语和宾语是指相同的人或物时，句子的宾语应为主语的反身代词，故填ourselves。
61.考查动词短语中的副词。句意：它们帮助我们以我们所希望的方式被看到，也显示出我们的个性和社会地位。短语bring out表示“凸现”符合句意，故填out。
62.考查副词。句意：例如，经济学家George Taylor用裙摆指数最生动地证明了这一点。作状语，修饰动词 demonstrated应用副词vividly，故填vividly。
63.考查名词。句意：泰勒指出，当一个国家进入经济衰退并养成简单的消费习惯时，女性往往会偏爱较长的裙子，而在经济繁荣时期，结果却恰恰相反——裙摆往往会变短。show a preference towards对……偏爱，故填preference。
64.考查定冠词。句意：泰勒指出，当一个国家进入经济衰退并养成简单的消费习惯时，女性往往会偏爱较长的裙子，而在经济繁荣时期，结果却恰恰相反——裙摆往往会变短。此处result为特指，应用定冠词the，故填the。
65.考查定语从句。句意：无论你是男性还是女性，你的时尚选择都会影响你的自我形象，你给别人的印象，反过来，人们对你的行为方式。定语从句修饰先行词impression，指物，作宾语，故填that/which。
5
(2024届湖南省娄底市高三下学期高考一模)When we tell people that we opened a company that teaches people about traditional Chinese culture, and allows them to experience things like calligraphy, painting and tai chi, the ___56___(react)we often get is “Why You are British! You should teach British culture!” I would always say simply that I love traditional Chinese culture, and want to share that ___57___ others.
When talking about traditional Chinese culture, we are referring to the language, philosophies, food, arts and crafts, and customs from thousands of years ago up to the 21st century, ___58___ have been passed down through the generations. And as anyone who has heard anything about China ___59___(know), with a history of an
estimated 5,000 years, that covers a lot of culture! Traditional culture is still ___60___(high)popular in China, and the philosophies of thousands of years ago are still visible and influencing the culture today, even if not ___61___(recognise)by name.
The culture of China, both modern and traditional, can appear quite ___62___(difference)and at times even difficult to understand, which often leads to misunderstanding. But the more you learn and understand, the
___63___(well)you know about China. Of course, that means more than taking one calligraphy class ___64___ trying out tai chi one afternoon, but each experience you have brings you closer to answering any questions you have and closing the gap between your perception and ___65___(real).
【答案】
56. reaction 57. with 58. which 59. knows 60. highly
61. recognized 62. different 63. better 64. or 65. reality
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国传统文化在中国仍然很受欢迎，几千年前的哲学思想仍然可见，并影响着今天的文化。
56.考查名词。句意：当我们告诉人们，我们开了一家公司，教授人们中国传统文化，并让他们体验书法、绘画和太极等东西时，我们经常得到的反应是：为什么？根据空前the冠词可知，此处为名词形式，故填reaction。
57.考查动词短语中的介词。句意：我总是简单地说，我喜欢中国传统文化，并希望与他人分享。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语share sth with sb“与某人分享某物”，满足句意要求，故填with。
58.考查定语从句。句意：我们所说的中国传统文化，是指从几千年前到21世纪的语言、哲学、饮食、工艺美术和风俗习惯，这些都是代代相传的。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词the language, philosophies, food, arts and crafts, and customs，关系词在从句中作主语成分，故填which。
59.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：任何对中国有所了解的人都知道，中国有大约5000年的历史，涵盖了很多文化！分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据句意可知，该句为陈述客观事实，主语为不定代词anyone，所以为动词三单形式，故填knows。
60.考查副词。句意：传统文化在中国仍然很受欢迎，几千年前的哲学思想仍然可见，并影响着今天的文化，即使不知道名字。由副词修饰形容词可知，此处为副词highly作状语修饰形容词popular，故填highly。
61.考查状语从句的省略用法。句意：统文化在中国仍然很受欢迎，几千年前的哲学思想仍然可见，并影响着今天的文化，即使不知道名字。分析句子可知，此处为状语从句的省略用法，当主从句主语一致时，可省略从句的主语和be动词，此处省略主语the philosophies和be动词are，recognise和the philosophies为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式，故填recognized。
62.考查形容词。句意：中国的文化，无论是现代文化还是传统文化，都显得非常不同，有时甚至难以理解，这往往会导致误解。受副词quite修饰，应该用形容词，故填different。
63.考查固定句型。句意：但你学得越多，了解得越多，你就越了解中国。分析句子可知，此处为the+比较级…the+比较级…“越……就越……”，故填better。
64.考查连词。句意：当然，这不仅仅意味着去上一堂书法课，或者一个下午去练太极，而是每一次经历都会让你更接近于回答你的问题，缩小你的感知和现实之间的差距。分析句子可知，此处为连词or连接前后两个动名词taking和trying out，表示选择，故填or。
65.考查名词。句意：当然，这不仅仅意味着去上一堂书法课，或者一个下午去练太极，而是每一次经历都会让你更接近于回答你的问题，缩小你的感知和现实之间的差距。与perception为并列关系，应该用名词，故填reality。
6
(2024届山东省枣庄市高三下学期3月二调)Between 2016 and 2019, the 58-year-old Swiss artist Catherine Gfeller embarked on a journey to ___56___number of Chinese cities, focusing her lens on women. This led to a solo exhibition in Beijing, which displays some of the 30 results, ___57___(include)photographs, texts, and videos. Through her lens, Gfeller ___58___(skillful)establishes a dialogue and builds a bridge between the narratives of the women and the vibrancy(活力)of the cities in which they live.
Gfeller’s focus is on the intersection between Chinese women and the big cities they inhabit. In each city, she met around 10 women of ___59___(vary)professional backgrounds to talk ___60___ depth before taking photos and filming them. Each took her to places where they have childhood memories, or ___61___ their present life takes them every day. This personal link created a special atmosphere. With her camera, she tried to capture ___62___(they)thoughts, feelings, memories, desires, living presences and fantasies.
In her photos and videos, viewers often encounter women gazing thoughtfully at the city, shot from behind. “I want their stories ___63___(interpret)in a poetic, sensory manner in a play of fixed images and images in movement, urban noise, natural sounds, voices and the ___64___(combine)of words and silence. I’m trying to find beauty and transform anonymity and loneliness into something ___65___(joy).” she says.
【答案】
56. a 57. including 58. skillfully 59. various 60. in
61. where 62. their 63. to be interpreted bination 65. joyful
【语篇导读】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲的是2016年至2019年期间，58岁的瑞士艺术家凯瑟琳 格费勒开始了前往中国众多城市的旅程，她的镜头聚焦于女性，这促成了在北京举行的一个个展，它展示了30个结果中的一些，包括照片、文本和视频。
56.考查冠词。句意：2016年至2019年期间，58岁的瑞士艺术家凯瑟琳·格费勒开始了前往中国众多城市的旅程，她的镜头聚焦于女性。由句意空处应填不定冠词a，a number of“一些；许多”，固定搭配，故填a。
57.考查介词。句意：这促成了在北京举行的一场个展，它展示了30个结果中的一些，包括照片、文本和视频。由句意及空后的photographs, texts, and videos可知此处应填介词including“包括”，介词短语作状语，故填including。
58.考查副词。句意：通过她的镜头，Gfeller巧妙地建立了一种对话，并在女性的叙述和她们所生活的城市的活力之间架起了一座桥梁。由句意及establishes可知应填副词skillfully作状语，修饰动词establishes，
故填skillfully。
59.考查形容词。句意：在每个城市，她会见了大约10名不同专业背景的女性，在拍照和拍摄之前进行了深入的交谈。修饰professional backgrounds，应该用形容词，故填various。
60.考查介词。句意：在每个城市，她会见了大约10名不同专业背景的女性，在拍照和拍摄之前进行了深入地交谈。in depth“深入地；全面地”，固定搭配，故填in。
61.考查定语从句。句意：每个人都带她去她们有童年记忆的地方，或者她们现在的生活每天带他们去的地方。由句意及空前的Each took her to places where they have childhood memories可知此处为定语从句，先行词为places，从句缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where。此处两个where引导的定语从句并列，故填where。
62.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：她试图用相机捕捉她们的想法、感受、记忆、欲望、生活和幻想。由句意及空后的thoughts, feelings, memories, desires, living presences and fantasies可知应填形容词性物主代词their，作定语，故填their。
63.考查非谓语动词。句意：我希望她们的故事能够以一种诗意的、感性的方式，在固定的形象和运动中的形象、城市噪音、自然声音、声音以及话语与沉默的结合中得到诠释。空处应填非谓语动词，want sb/sth to do sth.“想要某人/物做某事”，their stories与interpret之间为被动关系，所以应用不定式的被动形式，作宾语补足语，故填to be interpreted。
64.考查名词。句意：我希望她们的故事能够以一种诗意的、感性的方式，在固定的形象和运动中的形象、城市噪音、自然声音、声音以及话语与沉默的结合中得到诠释。被定冠词the修饰，后面还有介词短语，应该用名词，故填combination。
65.考查形容词。句意：我试图找到美，把匿名和孤独变成快乐的东西。由句意及空前的不定代词something可知应填形容词joyful，作定语，故填joyful。
7
(2024届云南省高三下学期333高考备考诊断性联考二)The annual Yuyuan Garden lantern show in Shanghai, which is ___36___(original)from the Han Dynasty, has been listed as one of China’s forms of intangible cultural heritage. It is one of the country’s oldest lantern fairs, ___57___locals go to enjoy the festive atmosphere and wish each other well. Now, the beloved Yuyuan Garden lantern show ___58___(take)place outside of China for the very first time,___59___60 large-sized structures and more than 2,000 lanterns lighting the oldest amusement park in Paris.
From dragon-shaped lanterns to patterns ___60___(inspire)by the legendary world of “The Classic of Mountains and Seas”, a Chinese literary classic, the Yuyuan Garden lantern show in Paris has built a world of lights and imagination for visitors, showcasing the charm of traditional Chinese culture. Highlighting various cultural and ___61___(spirit)symbols, the lantern displays include mythical creatures such as Kunpeng and Yinglong, representing ___62___(ambitious)and strength.
Beyond the lanterns, visitors can also admire traditional Chinese costumes and ___63___(accessory), and enjoy Chinese cuisine. With a ___64___(mix)of dancing, acrobatics(杂技)and martial arts performances, the
lantern show promises to be ___65___ immersive experience in the world of Chinese folklore and lanterns.
More than just a lantern show, it also serves as an opening activity to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and France in 1964.
【答案】
56. originally 57. where 58. is taking/takes 59. with 60. inspired
61. spiritual 62. ambition 63. accessories 64. mixture 65. an
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。介绍了作为中国非物质文化遗产之一的豫园灯会首次在巴黎举行，它不仅仅是一场灯展，也是庆祝1964年中法建交60周年的开幕活动。
56.考查副词。句意：上海一年一度的豫园灯会起源于汉代，已被列为中国非物质文化遗产之一。分析句子可知，空处修饰谓语，用original的副词originally作状语，故填originally。
57.考查定语从句。句意：豫园灯会是中国最古老的灯会之一，人们在这里享受节日气氛并互相祝福。此句为定语从句，先行词是lantern fairs，为抽象地点，作从句的地点状语，用关系副词where，故填where。
58.考查时态。句意：现在，备受喜爱的豫园灯会第一次在中国以外的地方举行，60个大型灯具和2000多个灯笼照亮了巴黎最古老的游乐园。now提示此处应使用现在进行时或一般现在时，表示现在正在进行或者客观事实。主语show为单数，故填is taking/takes。
59.考查介词。句意：现在，备受喜爱的豫园灯会第一次在中国以外的地方举行，60个大型灯具和2000多个灯笼照亮了巴黎最古老的游乐园。空处为介词，60 large-sized structures and more than 2,000 lanterns为宾语，lighting为现在分词，为宾补，为with复合结构，故填with。
60.考查非谓语动词。句意：从龙形灯笼到受中国文学经典《山海经》启发的图案，巴黎豫园灯会为游客打造了一个想象中的灯光世界，展示了中国传统文化的魅力。分析句子可知，空处为非谓语动词，inspire和patterns之间是动宾结构，空处表示被动，应使用过去分词形式作后置定语，故填inspired。
61.考查形容词。句意：灯会突出了各种文化和精神的象征，包括神话生物，如鲲鹏和应龙，代表着雄心和力量。symbols为名词，应由形容词修饰作定语，故填spiritual。
62.考查名词。句意：灯会突出了各种文化和精神的象征，包括神话生物，如鲲鹏和应龙，代表着雄心和力量。与strength为并列关系，应该用名词，故填ambition
63.考查名词。句意：除了灯笼，游客还可以欣赏到中国的传统服饰和配饰，并品尝中国美食。accessory为可数名词，此处用复数表示泛指，故填accessories。
64.考查名词。句意：灯会融合了舞蹈、杂技和武术表演，有望给大家带来一次关于中国民间传说和灯笼的沉浸式体验。受不定冠词a修饰，后面还有介词短语，应该用名词，故填mixture。
65.考查冠词。句意：灯会融合了舞蹈、杂技和武术表演，有望给大家带来一次关于中国民间传说和灯笼的沉浸式体验。根据句意可知，表示“一次体验”，为泛指，immersive以元音音素开始发音，不定冠词用an，故填an。
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(2024届重庆市高三下学期二模)Since its first appearance in Paris in mid-December, the Yuyuan Garden
Lantern Show ___56___(attract)huge crowds to admire its fine designs and ___57___(color)lights during the cold winter nights at the 163-year-old Jardin d’Acclimatation amusement park.
It is the first time that the lantern show, ___58___ national intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产)item in Shanghai, has been held outside China.
The show, which opened on Dec.15 in Paris at the same time as the one that opened in Shanghai’s Yuyuan Garden, ___59___(be)among events celebrating the ___60___(sixty)anniversary of the establishment of
China-France diplomatic relations. It also welcomes the China-France Year of Culture and Tourism. The show will run through Feb. 25.
According to the event’s organizer Yuyuan Inc., 3,000 online tickets were bought up in a day, with ___61___(add)ones being sold in-person.
At the brightly lit double dragon-shaped gate, long lines ___62___ visitors can be seen at the entrance.
___63___(theme)on “Classic of Mountains and Seas”, ___64___ shares the name of the ancient Chinese mythology(神话)Shan Hai Jing, the event comprises 60 large Chinese lantern sets and 2,000 ___65___(tradition) lanterns, allowing visitors to appreciate the breathtaking art of Chinese lanterns and broader Chinese culture.
【答案】
56. has attracted/has been attracting 57. colorful//colored 58. a 59. is 60. sixtieth
61. additional 62. of 63. Themed 64. which 65. traditional
【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。为了纪念中法建交六十周年，上海豫园灯会在巴黎展出。
56.考查时态。句意：自12月中旬首次亮相巴黎以来，豫园灯会吸引了大批观众，在有163年历史的巴黎动植物驯化园欣赏其精美的设计和五颜六色的灯光。根据时间状语“Since its first appearance in Paris in mid-December”可知，此处要使用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去一直持续到现在，而且可能还会持续下去，主语为第三人称单数，谓语要使用相应的第三人称单数，故填has attracted/has been attracting。
57.考查形容词。句意：自12月中旬首次亮相巴黎以来，豫园灯会吸引了大批观众，在有163年历史的Jardin d‘Acclimate游乐园欣赏其精美的设计和五颜六色的灯光。分析句子结构可知，此处要使用形容词colorful/colored作定语，故填colorful/colored。
58.考查冠词。句意：这是上海国家级非物质文化遗产灯笼展首次在中国境外举办。item是发音以辅音音素开头的可数名词单数表泛指，故填a。
59.考查主谓一致。句意：该展览于12月15日在巴黎开幕，与在上海豫园开幕的展览同时开幕，是庆祝中法建交60周年的活动之一。陈述现阶段所发生的事情要使用一般现在时，主语The show为第三人称单数，故填is。
60.考查序数词。句意：该展览于12月15日在巴黎开幕，与在上海豫园开幕的展览同时开幕，是庆祝中法建交60周年的活动之一。结合句意可知，此处要使用序数词表示第六十周年，故填sixtieth。
61.考查形容词。句意：据活动组织者豫园股份有限公司介绍，一天内有3000张在线门票被抢购一空，另外还有一些是线下售出的。修饰不定代词ones，应该用形容词，故填additional。
62.考查介词。句意：在灯光明亮的双龙形大门处，可以看到入口处排着长队的游客。结合句意可知，long lines of长串的，符合题意，故填of。
63.考查非谓语动词。句意：该活动以“山海经”为主题，与中国古代神话山海经同名，包括60个大型中国灯笼组和2000个传统灯笼，让游客欣赏到中国灯笼的惊人艺术和更广泛的中国文化。分析句子结构可知，此处需要使用非谓语动词作状语，the event与theme之间为被动关系，使用过去分词，位于句首注意首字母要大写，故填Themed。
64.考查定语从句。句意：该活动以“山海经”为主题，与中国古代神话山海经同名，包括60个大型中国灯笼组和2000个传统灯笼，让游客欣赏到中国灯笼的惊人艺术和更广泛的中国文化。分析句子结构可知此处使用非限制性定语从句，先行词为Classic of Mountains and Seas指物在从句中作主语，故填which。
65.考查形容词。句意：该活动以“山海经”为主题，与中国古代神话山海经同名，包括60个大型中国灯笼组和2000个传统灯笼，让游客欣赏到中国灯笼的惊人艺术和更广泛的中国文化。修饰名词lanterns，应该用形容词，故填traditional。
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(海南省2023-2024学年高三下学期学业水平诊断四)Any visitor to the Chinese Culture Week at the University of Tehran would be amazed by the tea, food, Chinese knots(中国结)and traditional paper-cutting artworks ___56___ display, all produced by Iranian students of Chinese language.
“Chinese knots ___57___(believe)to bring good luck and act as charms(护身符)that protect people against evil spirits,” said Zeinab Ghafourian, a 19-year-old student ___58___(study)Chinese at the Confucius Institute of the University of Tehran, on Nov. 28.
Chinese Culture Week, ___59___was held at the hall of the institute from Nov. 25 to 29, seeks ___60___ (introduce)Chinese culture to more Iranians. Ghafourian said that one of the reasons why she chose to study Chinese was that she had been interested in East Asian cultures since childhood. “In ___61___(add), Chinese films have become more popular. The people of both countries enjoy many cultural commonalities, as they were culturally and ___62___(economic)connected via the Silk Road in the past,” she said.
More importantly, given Iran’s good ties with China, mastering Chinese offers relatively ___63___(compete)
employment prospects on the Iranian job market compared with other languages.
“Each of the students here is ___64___ window onto China, helping the Iranians have a more realistic picture of the country and improving ___65___(relate)between the two countries,” said Hamed Vafaei, the Iranian director of the Confucius Institute at the University of Tehran.
【答案】
56. on 57. are believed 58. studying 59. which 60. to introduce
61. addition 62. economically petitive 64. a 65. relations
【语篇导读】这是一篇新闻报道，文章报道了伊朗德黑兰大学举办的中国文化周活动。
56.考查介词。句意：参加德黑兰大学中国文化周的任何游客都会对展出的茶、食物、中国结和传统剪纸艺术品感到惊讶，这些都是由学中文的伊朗学生制作的。on display是固定短语，意为“展出；正在展览中”，
故填on。
57.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：11月28日，在德黑兰大学孔子学院学习中文的19岁学生Zeinab Ghafourian说：“中国结被认为能带来好运，还能辟邪。”分析句子可知，believe(认为，相信)是句中谓语动词，与主语Chinese knots(中国结)之间是被动关系，描述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的被动语态，复数形式，故填are believed。
58.考查非谓语动词。句意：11月28日，在德黑兰大学孔子学院学习中文的19岁学生Zeinab Ghafourian说：“中国结被认为能带来好运，还能辟邪。”分析句子可知，“(study)Chinese at the Confucius Institute of the University of Tehran”作后置定语，study(学习)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语a 19-year-old student之间是主动关系，用现在分词表主动，故填studying。
59.考查定语从句。句意：中国文化周于11月25日至29日在伊朗文化学院大厅举行，旨在向更多伊朗人介绍中国文化。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Chinese Culture Week，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句，故填which。
60.考查非谓语动词。句意：中国文化周于11月25日至29日在伊朗文化学院大厅举行，旨在向更多伊朗人介绍中国文化。seek to do...是固定搭配，用不定式to introduce作宾语，故填to introduce。
61.考查介词短语。句意：“此外，中国电影也越来越受欢迎。两国人民享有许多文化共同点，因为他们过去通过丝绸之路在文化和经济上联系在一起，”她说。in addition是固定短语，意为“此外”，故填addition。
62.考查副词。句意：“此外，中国电影也越来越受欢迎。两国人民享有许多文化共同点，因为他们过去通过丝绸之路在文化和经济上联系在一起，”她说。提示词修饰动词connected，用副词economically作状语，意为“经济地；在经济上”，故填economically。
63.考查形容词。句意：更重要的是，鉴于伊朗与中国的良好关系，与其他语言相比，掌握中文在伊朗就业市场上具有相对竞争力的就业前景。受副词relatively修饰，应该用形容词，故填competetive。
64.考查冠词。句意：这里的每一个学生都是了解中国的一扇窗户，帮助伊朗人更现实地了解这个国家，改善两国关系。可数名词window在句中表示“一扇窗户”，泛指，window发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰，故填a。
65.考查名词及其复数。句意：这里的每一个学生都是了解中国的一扇窗户，帮助伊朗人更现实地了解这个国家，改善两国关系。作improving的宾语，应该用名词，又指两国之间的关系，relation为可数名词，故填relations。
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(河北省石家庄市2023-2024学年高三年级下学期二轮复习新高考卷测试一)Yangko, a rural Chinese folk dance with a history ___56___(date)back thousands of years, originates from farming life in ancient times. The dance relates to sacrifices to the farmland god when people prayed for a good harvest. As time passed, the ___57___(origin)dance developed, taking in various artistic forms and skills, including opera, acrobatics and
martial arts, and eventually turned into the type of Yangko___58___is seen today.
To preserve this Chinese folk culture, it was included in the inaugural(首批的)items of national intangible ___59___(culture)heritage in 2006. It is ___60___(common)performed in northern China during festivals, especially for Chinese New Year and the Lantern Festival. Performances or ___61___(compete)are organized in towns and villages to express people’s joy and their hope for a better life.
Yangko employs drumming, Suona, dancing and singing. Content is based ___62___folk stories and legends. Costumes are richly-colored and opera-styled, enabling ___63___(character)to be easily identified. During a performance, the actors will dance and sing, following lively rhythms. Highly. skilled and interesting acts such as stilt(高跷)walking ___64___carrying a wedding sedan chair(花轿)are also included. As a part of traditional Chinese culture, Yangko concentrates the group ___65___(conscious)of the Chinese people, and has outstanding historical and cultural value.
【答案】
56. dating 57. original 58. that/which 59. cultural monly
61. competitions 62. on/upon 63. characters 64. and 65. consciousness
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍一种乡村民间舞蹈——秧歌。
56.考查非谓语动词。句意：秧歌是一种乡村民间舞蹈，有数千年的历史，起源于古代农耕文明时期。句中已有谓语动词originates，此处为非谓语的形式，history与date之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式，作后置定语，故填dating。
57.考查形容词。句意：随着时间的推移，原始舞蹈不断演变，呈现出各种艺术形式和技巧。形容词作定语，修饰名词，故填original。
58.考查定语从句。句意：随着时间的推移，原始舞蹈不断演变，融入各种艺术形式和技巧，最终发展成今天所见的类型的秧歌。指代先行词Yangko且在从句中作主语，应用that/which引导定语从句，故填that/which。
59.考查形容词。句意：为保护这一民间文化，秧歌于2006年被列入首批国家级非物质文化遗产名录。修饰名词heritage，应该用形容词，故填cultural。
60.考查副词。句意：人们经常在节日期间表演这种舞蹈，尤其是在春节和农历正月的元宵节。副词作状语修饰动词，故填commonly。
61.考查名词。句意：在城镇和乡村组织表演或比赛，以表达人们的喜悦和对美好生活的希望。与Performances，为选择关系，应该用复数名词，故填competitions。
63.考查名词复数。句意：服装色彩丰富，富有歌剧风格，使人物易于辨认。此处character指人物角色，根据句意可知，为复数意义，故填characters。
64.考查连词。句意：高跷、抬花轿等高技能、有趣的表演也包括在内。根据动词are included可知，句子主语是stilt walking和carrying a wedding sedan chair。为并列关系，连词为and，故填and。
65.考查名词。句意：作为中国传统文化的一部分，秧歌集中了中国人的群体意识。受the group修饰，后面还有介词短语，应该用名词，故填consciousness。
附录：高考英语语法填空常见词性转换的词(与专题01-1高频必记词汇不重复)
able adj.有能力的 ability n.能力 disable v.使伤残 disabled adj.残疾的 disability n.残疾，伤残 unable adj.没有所需技能的(或力量、时间、知识等)，未能的 enable v.使能够，使成为可能
abundant adj.丰富的，充裕的 abundance n.丰富，充裕
accelerate v.(使)加速/增加 acceleration n.加速，增加
accept v.接受 accepted adj.可接受的 (un)acceptable adj.(不)可接受的 acceptance n.接受
accomplish v.完成(任务等)，取得(成功) accomplishment n.完成
accumulate v.积累 accumulation n.积累
act(v)表演，行动 actor n.男演员 actress n.女演员 action n.行动
active adj.积极的，主动的 actively adv.积极地 activity n.活动
adolescent n.青少年 adolescence n.青春期
advantage n.优点，长处 disadvantage n.缺点，弊端
advice n.建议 advise v.建议
advocate v.提倡，拥护，支持 advocation n.拥护，支持
agent n.代理人 agency n.代理处
aggressive adj.侵略性的，好斗的 aggression n.侵略
agree v.同意 agreeable adj.同意的，接受的 agreement n.同意
agriculture n.农业 agricultural adj.农业的
allow v.允许 allowable adj.(法律、规章等)允许的，承认的，容许的 注：allowance n.津贴，补助，限额，零花钱
angry adj.生气的，愤怒的 anger n.愤怒，生气
apology n.道歉 apologise/ze v.道歉
apparent adj.显而易见的 apparently adv.显而易见地
appear v.出现 appearance n.出现，露面，外貌 disappear v.消失 disappearance n.消失
appreciate v.欣赏，感激 appreciation n.欣赏，感激
approximate adj.大概的，近似的 approximately adj.大约
arrive v.到达 arrival n.到来，到达
art n.艺术 artist n.艺术家 artistic adj.艺术的
assess v.评价，评估 assessment n.评价，评估
astronaut n.宇航员 astronomy n.天文学 astronomer n.天文学家
athlete n.运动员 athletic adj.运动的
athletics n.田径，竞技
bake v.烤，烘(面包等) bakery n.面包房
bear v.忍受 bearable adj.可忍受的 unbearable adj.难以忍受的
bore v.使厌烦 boring adj.令人厌烦的 bored adj.感到厌烦的，厌倦的
brave adj.勇敢的 bravely adv.勇敢地 bravery n.勇敢
care n.照料，小心 careful adj.小心的，仔细的 carefully adv.仔细地，小心地 careless adj.粗心的 carelessly adj.粗心地 carefulness n.仔细，细心 carelessness n.粗心
carry v.携带 carrier n.搬运工
casual adj.随便的，非正式的 casually adv.随便地，非正式地
caution n.小心，谨慎，警告 cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的
celebrate v.庆祝 celebration n.庆祝
center n.中心 central adj.中心的
certain adj.确定的，肯定的 certainly adv.必然地，肯定地 certainty n.肯定，确定 uncertain adj.不确定的 uncertainty n.不确定
change v.改变 changeable adj.多变化的，变化无常的
character n.特点，特征 characteristic adj.典型的，独特的 characterize v.描绘，刻画，具有……的特征
cheer v.欢呼，喝彩 cheerful adj.兴高采烈的 cheers(int.)干杯!
child n.孩子 childhood n.童年 childish adj.幼稚的，孩子气的
choose v.选择 choice n.选择
circulate n.(液体或气体)环流，循环 circulation n.流通，循环
clarify v.澄清，阐明 clarification n.澄清，说明
classify v.分类，归类 classification n.分类
close adj.亲密的，亲切的 closely adv.紧紧地 closed adj.紧密的
cloud n.云 cloudy adj.多云的 cloudless adj.晴朗的
coast n.海岸 coastal adj.沿海的，海岸的
color n.颜色 colorful/colored adj.多彩的 colorfully adv.多彩地 colorless adj.无色的
comfort(n & v.)安慰，慰问 comfortable adj.舒服的 uncomfortable adj.不舒服的 comfort n.不安，不舒适，不舒服，不方便，苦恼 v.使……不舒服，使……不安，使苦恼
communicate v.沟通，交流 communication n.沟通，交流
complete adj.完全的 completely adv.完全地
condition n.条件，状况 conditional adj.有条件的 unconditional adj.无条件的
connect v.连接 connected adj.连接的，相连的 connection n.联系，关联
conscious adj.意识到的，察觉的 unconscious adj.无意识的，未察觉到的 conscience n.良心 consciousness n.意识
consider v.认为 considerate adj.体贴的 consideration n.考虑 considering prep.鉴于，考虑到
continue v.继续 continuous adj.adj. 继续的，连续的，持续的
controversy n.争论 controversial adj.有争议的
correct adj.正确的 v.改正 correction n.改正，纠正 incorrect adj.不正确的
cover遮盖，掩蔽 uncover揭开……的盖子，揭露
culture n.文化 cultural adj.文化的 multicultural adj.多元文化的
custom n.风俗，习惯 customer n.顾客
customs n.海关
danger n.危险 dangerous adj.危险的 endanger v.使遭受危险 endangered adj.濒危的
dark adj.黑暗的 darkness n.黑暗
decide v.决定 decision n.决定
deep adj&adv.深的&深地 deeply adv.深地 depth n.深度 deepen v.使加深
deliberate adj.深思熟虑的 deliberately adv.故意地
delight n.高兴，愉快 delighted adj.高兴的 delightful adj.令人愉快的
depend v.依赖，依靠 dependence n.依赖，依靠 independent adj.独立的 independence n.独立
desert v.舍弃，遗弃 deserted adj.荒芜的，被遗弃的
design v.设计 designer n.设计者
desperate adj.绝望的 desperately adv.绝望地 desperation n.绝望
destroy v.破坏，毁坏 destructive adj.破坏性的，毁灭性的 destruction n.破坏，毁坏
develop v.发展 developing adj.发展中的 developed adj.发达的 development n.发展
devote v.贡献，奉献 devoted adj.忠诚的 devotion n.贡献，奉献
dictate v.听写 dictation n.听写
die v.死亡 dead adj.死的 deadly adj.致命的，极度的 death n.死亡
difficult adj.难的，困难的 difficulty n.困难
direct v.指挥 director n.指挥 direction n.方向
disagree v.不同意 disagreement n.不同意
disappoint v.使失望 disappointed adj.感到失望的 disappointing adj.令人失望的 disappointment n.失望
discover v.发现 discovery n.发现
discuss v.讨论 discussion n.讨论
distribute v.分发，分配 distribution n.分发，分配
disturb v.打扰 disturbing adj.令人不安的，令人烦恼的
diverse adj.多种多样的 diversity n.多样性
doubt n.怀疑 doubtful adj.怀疑的
drama n.戏剧 dramatic adj.戏剧的，戏剧性的
drink v.喝 drunk adj.醉酒的
dust n.灰尘 dusty adj.满是灰尘的
east n.东方，东部 eastern adj.东方的
encourage v.鼓励 encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的 encouragement n.鼓励，激励 discourage v.使泄气 courage n.勇气
end v.结束 ending n.结尾，结局 endless adj.无止境的，无穷尽的
energy n.精力，能源 energetic adj.精力充沛的
engine n.发动机 engineer n.工程师
enjoy v.享受 enjoyable adj.令人愉快的 enjoyment n.享受，欢乐
enter v.进入 entry n.进入 entrance n.入口处
environment n.环境 environmental adj.环境的
erase v.擦去，抹去 eraser n.橡皮
evaluate v.评价，评估 evaluation n.评价
evidence n.证据 evident adj.显然的
excellent adj.优秀的 excellence n.优秀
except prep.除了 exception n.例外
excite v.使兴奋 excited adj.感到兴奋的
exciting adj.令人兴奋的 excitement n.兴奋，激动
exhibit v.展览 exhibition n.展览
exist v.存在 existence n.存在
expect v.期待，预料 expectation n.期待，预料
expense n.消费，支出，费用 expensive adj.昂贵的
experience n.经验 experienced adj.有经验的
explain v.解释 explanation n.解释
explore v.探索 explorer n.探险者 exploration n.探索
express v.表达 expression n.表达，表情
extreme adj.极端的，极度的 extremely adv.极其，非常
face n.脸 facial adj.面部的
fail v.失败 failure n.失败
fair adj.公平的 fairly adv.公正地，正当地 fairness n.公平，公正 unfair adj.不公平的
faith n.信仰，信念 faithful adj.忠诚的，忠实的 faithfully adv.忠诚地，忠实地
fantasy n.幻想，想象 fantastic adj.极好的，美妙的
favor n.恩惠，好意，喜爱 favorite adj.赞成的，讨人喜欢的
feel v.感觉 feeling n.感觉
fierce adj.猛烈的，凶猛的 fiercely adv.猛烈地
finance n.财政，金融 financial adj.金融的，财政的 financially adv.财政上地
fluent adj.(外语)流利的，流畅的 fluency n.(外语)流利，流畅
fly v.飞行 flight n.航班
fog n.雾 foggy adj.有浓雾的
fold v.折叠 unfold v.打开
fool n.傻瓜，傻子 foolish adj.愚蠢的
foreign adj.外国的 foreigner n.外国人
forget v.忘记 forgetful adj.健忘的 unforgetful adj.难忘的
forgive v.原谅，宽恕 forgiveness n.原谅
form n.形式 formal adj.正式的 informal adj.非正式的
fortunate adj.幸运的 fortunately adv.幸运地 unfortunate adj.不幸的 unfortunately adv.不幸地 fortune n.运气，财富
frequent adj.频繁的 frequently adv.经常地，频繁地 frequency n.频繁
friend n.朋友 friendly adj.友好的 friendship n.友谊
fright n.害怕 frighten v.使害怕 frightened adj.感到害怕的 frightening adj.令人害怕的
fry v.用油煎，用油炸 fried adj.油炸的，油煎的
fun n.有趣的事 funny adj.有趣的
furnish v.装备，配备 furnished adj.有家具的 furniture n.家具
gentle adj.温柔的 gentleman n.绅士
govern v.统治，治理 government n.政府
gradual adj.逐渐的 gradually adv.逐渐地
greet v.打招呼 greeting n.问候
guide v.引导，指导 guidance n.引导，指导
gym=gymnasium n.体育馆 gymnastics n.体操 gymnast n.体操运动员
hand n.手 handful adj.一把之量
happy adj.高兴的 happily adv.幸福地 happiness n.幸福
hard adj.艰难的 hardship n.困难
harm v.伤害 harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的 harmfulness n.伤害
hate v.憎恨 hatred n.憎恨
health n.健康 healthy adj.健康的 unhealthy adj.不健康的
heat n.热，热度 heated adj.热烈的
heavy adj.重的 heavily adv.重地，沉重地
help n.帮助 helpful adj.有帮助的
high adj.高的 height n.高度
home n.家 homeless adj.无家可归的
honest adj.诚实的 honesty n.诚实
hope(v. & n.)希望 hopeful adj.有希望的 hopefully adv.有希望地 hopeless adj.无希望的，无可救药的
humor n.幽默 humorous adj.幽默的，诙谐的
hunger n.饥饿 hungry adj.饥饿的
imagine v.想象 imaginative adj.有想象力的 imaginable adj.可想象的 imagination n.想象力
immediately adv.立刻，马上 immediate adj.立刻的，立即的
import v.进口 export v.出口
important adj.重要的 importance n.重要性
include v.包含 inclusion n.包含
instruct v.指示，指导 instruction n.指示，说明
insure v.给……投保 insurance n.保险
interview(n./v.)采访，面试 interviewer n.(面试时)主考官 interviewee n.参加面试者，接受采访者
introduce v.介绍 introduction n.介绍
invent v.发明 invention n.发明 inventor n.发明者
invite v.邀请 invitation n.邀请
jog v.慢跑 jogging n.慢跑
lack n.&v.缺乏 lacking adj.缺乏的
large adj.大的，巨大的 enlarge v.扩大
laugh v.大笑 laughter n.笑声
lead v.领导 leading adj.主要的
leader n.领导人
library n.图书馆 librarian n.图书管理员
lie v.撒谎 liar n.说谎者
like v.喜欢 prep.像，如同 adj.相似的 dislike v.不喜欢 likely adj.可能的 unlikely adj.不可能的 unlike adj.不像，与……不同，不同的，相异的，不相似的 prep.不像，和……不同
long adj.长的 length n.长度 lengthen v.加长
lose v.丢失 lost adj.迷失的 loss n.损失
love v.喜爱 lovely adj.可爱的
luck n.运气 lucky adj.幸运的 luckily adv.幸运地 unlucky adj.不幸的 unluckily adv.不幸地
magic n.魔法，魔术 magical adj.有魔力的 magician n.魔术师
manage v.管理，经营 management n.管理 manager n.经理
marry v.结婚，嫁，娶 married adj.结婚的 marriage n.婚姻
mean v.意味着 meaning n.意思 meaningful adj.有意义的
medicine n.药 medical adj.医学的，医疗的 medication n.药，药物
mercy n.怜悯 merciful adj.仁慈的，同情的
mess n.混乱局面，凌乱状态 messy adj.乱七八糟的，混乱的
minor adj.少数的 minority n.少数，少数民族
mistake n.错误 mistaken adj.错误的
mix v.混合 mixture n.混合物
modern adj.现代的，近代的，新式的，当代风格的 modernize v.使现代化 modernization n.现代化，现代化的事物
mountain n.山 mountainous adj.多山的
music n.音乐 musical adj.音乐的 musician n.音乐家
nature n.自然 natural adj.自然的 naturally adv.自然地
necessary adj.必需的，必要的 necessarily adv.必要地，必需地 necessity n.必然性，必需品
neighbour n.邻居 neighbourhood n.四邻，邻近地区
noise n.噪音 noisy adj.喧闹的，嘈杂的 noisiness n.吵闹，喧闹
normal adj.正常的 abnormal adj.不正常的
north n.北方 northern adj.北方的，北部的 northwest adj.西北的 northeast adj.东北的
nurse n.护士 nursing n.(职业性的)保育，护理 nursery n.托儿所
obvious adj.显然的 obviously adv.显然地
occupy v.占领 occupation n.占领，职业 occupied adj.已占用的
occur v.发生 occurrence n.发生
organ n.(人、动物)器官 organic adj.器官的，有机的 organism n.有机体，有机组织
own v.拥有 owner n.物主，所有人 ownership n.所有权，所有，所有制，物主身份
pain n.疼痛 pains n.辛苦，辛劳 painful adj.疼痛的
paint v.绘画 painting n.绘画，油画 painter n.画家 painting n.绘画，油画
pass v.通过 passer-by n.过路人(pl:passers-by)
peace n.和平，宁静 peaceful adj.和平的，安宁的
percent n.百分之…… percentage n.百分率，百分数
perfect adj.完美的 perfectly adv.完美地 perfection n.完美
physical adj.身体的 mental adj.精神的 physically adv.身体上地 mentally adv.精神上地
physical adj.物理的 physics n.物理 physician n.物理学家 physicist n.物理学家
polite adj.礼貌的 politeness n.礼貌 impolite adj.不礼貌的，失礼的
pollute v.污染 polluted adj.受到污染的 pollution n.污染
poor adj.贫穷的 poverty n.贫穷
popular adj.流行的 popularity n.流行
possible adj.可能的 possibly adv.可能地 possibility n.可能性 impossible adj.不可能的
prepare v.准备 preparation n.准备
prescribe v.开处方/药方 prescription n.处方
price n.价格 priceless adj.无价的
print v.印刷 printing n.印刷术
prison n.监狱 prisoner n.囚犯
private adj.私人的 privately adv.私下地
produce v.生产 production n.生产 product n.产品 producer n.生产者
pronounce v.发音 pronunciation n.发音
proper adj.恰当的，适当的 properly adv.恰当地，适当地
protect v.保护 protective adj.防护的 protection n.保护
punish v.惩罚 punishment n.惩罚
purpose n.目的，意图 purposeful adj.有意图的，有目的的
purposely adv.故意地，特意地
puzzle v.使困惑 puzzled adj.感到困惑的 puzzling adj.令人困惑的 puzzlement n.困惑
radiation n.放射，放射物 radioactive adj.放射性的
rain n.雨 rainy adj.多雨的
rapid adj.快速的 rapidly adv.快速地
rare adj.稀少的，罕见的 rarely adv.稀少地，罕见地
real adj.真实的，真正的 really adv.真实地 reality n.现实
receive v.接受 receiver n.(电话)听筒
reception n.接待，招待 receptionist n.接待员
refuse v.拒绝 refusal n.拒绝，谢绝
regret v.后悔 regretful adj.后悔的，遗憾的
relax v.使轻松，使放松 relaxed adj.轻松的，放松的 relaxing adj.令人放松的 relaxation n.放松，轻松
rely v.依靠 reliable adj.可依靠的，可依赖的
remain v.遗留，保留 remains n.剩饭菜，遗迹，遗体
report v.报道 reporter n.记者
require v.需要 requirement n.需要
rescue v.营救，援救 rescuer n.救援人员
resist v.抵抗 resistant adj.反抗的，顽固的 resistance n.抵抗，反抗
rest v.休息 unrest n.不安，骚动
review v.复习，温习 revision n.复习，温习
rich adj.富有的 enrich v.使富裕，使富有
ripe adj.成熟的 ripen v.使成熟
rob v.抢劫 robber n.抢劫犯 robbery n.抢劫案
rule v.统治 ruler n.统治者
sad adj.难过的，悲伤的 sadly adv.悲哀地，悲痛地 sadness n.悲痛，悲伤
safe adj.安全的 safety n.安全
sail v.航行 sailing n.航海 sailor n.水手
sale n.出售 salesgirl n.女售货员 saleswoman n.女售货员 salesman n.男售货员
say v.说 saying n.谚语，格言
self n.自己，自我 selfish adj.自私的 selfishness n.自私
separate v.使分开，使分离(adj).单独的，分开的 separation n.分离，隔离，分居
serve v.服务 service n.服务
set v.以……为背景 setting n.(小说、戏剧、电影的)背景
shame n.羞耻，羞愧 shameful adj.可耻的 shameless adj.无耻的
sharp adj.锋利的，尖的 sharply adv.急剧地 sharpen v.(使)变锐利，(使)尖锐 sharpener n.卷笔刀
shave v.刮(脸，胡子) shaver n.电动剃须刀
shock v.使震惊 shocked adj.感到震惊的 shocking adj.令人震惊的
shop n.商店 shopkeeper n.店主 shopping n.购物
short adj.短的，缺乏的 shortly立刻，马上，简单地，扼要地 shorten v.缩短 shortage(n. )缺乏
sick adj.有病的，患病的 sickness n.疾病
sight n.风景 sightseeing n.观光，旅游
sign v.签署 signature n.签名
silent adj.沉默的，寂静的 silence n.安静，沉默
similar adj.同样的，类似的 similarly adv.同样地，类似地 similarity n.相似之处
simple adj.简单的 simply simplify v.使简单化
situation n.形势，境况 situated adj.坐落(某处)的，位于(某处)的
skate v.滑冰 skating n.滑冰
ski v.滑雪 skiing n.滑雪
skill n.技巧 skilled adj.有技巧的，熟练的 skillful adj.有技巧的
slave n.奴隶 slavery n.奴隶制
sleep v.睡觉 sleepy adj.想睡的，瞌睡的 sleepless adj.失眠的
slow adj.慢慢的 slowly adv.慢慢地
smell n.气味 smelly adj.有臭味的，发出臭味的
smooth adj.光滑的 smoothly adv.光滑地
snow v.下雪 snowy adj.下雪的，多(积)雪的
soft adj.柔软的 softly柔和地，柔软地，温和地 soften v.使柔软，使02-1重点语法之构词法
以下真题，如果你做起来略感费劲或错误率比较高，说明你在词性转换方面存在比较大的漏洞。
1.(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ___56___(taste)soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the ___59___(recognize)home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace.
3.(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ___64___(rare)enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
4.(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017, right before the ___56___(arrive)of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___57___(confidence)
speaking English.
5.(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___60____(visit)Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
6.(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)So, what are they learning ___63___(basic), how to describe a panda's life.
7.(2023全国甲卷)___67___(difference)from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
8.(2023全国甲卷)The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___69___(warn)about environmental destruction.
9.(2023全国乙卷)The ___69___(remark)development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
10.(2023浙江1月卷)The term “hutong”, ___57___(original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
11.(2023浙江1月卷)The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by ___61___(space)homes and walled gardens.
12.(2024浙江1月卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ___50___(criticize)that they lead to waste.
纵观译林牛津2020版教材，考生可以发现教材并没有专门涉及词性转换这方面的语法知识，故得补一补。
词性转换的常用手段(派生法)
高考语法填空词性转换的考查重点有：
1.动词转换成名词(可数名词还要注意单复数的情况)、转换成形容词、转换成反义词等；
2.名词转换成动词、转换成形容词、转换成反义词等；
3.形容词转换成名词、转换成副词、转换成反义词等。特别要注意由分词转换而来的形容词变成副词的问题(如：undoubtedly, tiredly, surprisingly等)。
派生法就是加后缀或前缀推导出与原词相关的其他词的方法。
1.动词转换成名词重要的后缀
后缀 例 词
-ation accelerate(使)加速，增加 accommodate容纳(乘客等)，向……提供住处 acceleration加速，增加 accommodation食宿
-sion permit允许 admit承认，(入场，入学) decide决定 express表达 permission许可 admission许可，准入 decision决定 expression表达，表情
-ment accomplish完成(任务等)，取得(成功) achieve取得(成就) accomplishment完成 achievement成就，功绩
-al approve赞成，支持 arrive到达 survive幸存，幸免于难 approval赞成，赞许 arrival到来，到达 survival幸存
注意：.动词变形容词：主要是由现在分词、过去分词转化为形容词。
excite使兴奋→excited adj.感到兴奋的(指人或动物的心理感受)→exciting令人兴奋的(指事情所具有的性质和特征)
2.名词转换成形容词重要的后缀
后缀 例 词
-ible access(进入……的)权利或机会 accessible可进入的，可使用的
-able agree同意 agreeable同意的，接受的
-ful care照料，小心 careful小心的，仔细的
-ly friend朋友 friendly友好的
-al music音乐 musical音乐的
-ish child孩子 childish幼稚的，孩子气的
3.形容词转换成名词重要的后缀
后缀 例 词
-ness dark黑暗的 darkness黑暗
-th warm温暖的 warmth温暖
-y difficult难的，困难的 difficulty困难
-ity real真实的，真正地 reality现实
4.形容词转换成副词主要是加后缀-ly，但是要注意形容词加ly变副词的规律
情况 例 词
直接+ly casual随便的，非正式的 casually随便地，非正式地
以le结尾的去e后+ly simple简单的 simply简单地
以y结尾的变y为i后+ly happy高兴的 happily幸福地
5.形容词转换成动词重要的前后缀
前缀或后缀 例 词
en+形容词 rich富有的 enrich使富裕，使富有
形容词+en sharp锋利的，尖的 sharpen(使)变锐利，(使)尖锐
形容词+ize real真实的，真正的 realize意识到，实现
以e结尾的去e后+ify simple简单的 simplify使简单化
6.表示相反意义或做相反动作的重要前缀
前缀 例 词
dis- appear出现 obey服从 disappear消失 disobey不服从
in/il/im/ir- visible看得见的 legal合法的 possible可能的 regular有规律的，常规的 invisible 看不见的 illegal非法的 impossible不可能的 irregular异常的
mis– understand明白，理解 misunderstand误解
un– fit合适的 unfit不适合
fair公平的 known知道的 load装载，装入 cover遮盖，掩蔽 unfair不公平 unknown未知的 unload卸载 uncover揭开……的盖子，揭露
non– stop停留，停止 non–stop不停留的
注：高考英语语法填空常见词性转换的词见本专题的附录。
词性转换题所填词形的判别
在语法填空中，对词性转换的考查是给提示词类的考点之一，其解题需要注意的是：首先根据空格在句子中的位置及其在句子中的功能来判断该空格所需的词性；其次根据句意，运用构词法的有关规则等方法来确定答案词的正确形式。另外运用以下解题技巧可以帮助你缩小正确答案的范围：
一、提示词为形容词的情况
1.后面跟着动词、形容词或副词时，应填其副词形式
Entrance to the museum is free on Sundays, but it would ________(normal)cost $3.25 to go in and see the film.
2.前有冠词、形容词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格，以及空格在介词后面时，通常填其名词形式
①Since the TV adaption has been a slow release, many viewers have bought a copy of the________(origin)book to get ahead.
②Too deep worry began to destroy my ________(confident).
③A television series is fast gaining its wordofmouth ________(popular)among not only Chinese households but also some foreigners.
3.空格位于动词前，可能作主语，应填名词；空格位于动词后考虑是否作宾语，如果是，应填名词
①Many teenagers think that ________(happy)comes from a good exam result or praise from other people.
②Red is used in many American expressions. It can be used to show ________(happy), as in “a red-letter day”.
4.空格位于句首，后面有逗号，应填副词，修饰整个句子
①________(obvious), a good habit can help us to speed up to reach our destination.
②________(luck), native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.
5.前面有介词，应填其名词形式
The letter wasn’t addressed to me but I opened it out of ________(curious).
6.根据语境，填其反义词
Being ________(happy)is like an infectious disease. It causes people to stay away from the sufferer.
二、提示词为名词的情况
1.后面跟着名词或代词以及作表语时，应填其形容词形式
①Late last year the Thompsons took part in a television documentary(纪录片)to prove that not all gifted children are the result of extremely ________(ambition)parents.
②What makes qigong special is that it can be done lying, sitting, or standing; thus it is ________(access)to
disabled persons, seniors, and people recovering from injuries.
2.根据语境，填其反义词
She carried her left arm at an awkward angle, as if it were causing her ________(comfort).
三、提示词为动词的情况
1.是用其现在分词还是用其过去分词
①It was ________(amaze)that our class won the second place. Our efforts paid off! 10.
②Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside to take a close look at the menu. He was ________(amaze)at what he saw.
2.空格前有限定词(形容词性物主代词、形容词、冠词、指示代词等)，应填其名词形式
①Jane knew from past experience that her ________(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
②It’s available in a ________(choose)of colours.
③They had little ________(choose)but to agree to what he suggested.
3.根据语境，填其反义词
It is our belief to further expand markets and ________(satisfy)with existing achievements.
1
(2024届安徽省池州市普通高中高三下学期教学质量统一监测二模)The saying ‘All roads lead to Xianyang’ may not be widely known, but it is the ___56___(true)in history. After Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of China, unified the country in 221 BCE, he began building state-level roads, Xianyang ___57___the center. Several long roads were therefore completed, covering a ___58___(distant)of about 750 kilometers, running through plains, mountains, grasslands, deserts, and finally leading to Xianyang, the capital city.
Like the Great Wall, these roads, ___59___(call)Qin Zhidao, literally the Qin Direct Paths or Qin Highways, are considered another miracle in Qin Dynasty. Generally, the roads were 20 to 60 meters wide and 50 cars could run side by side at the same time on their ___60___(wide)sections. The ___61___(firm)made surface was shaped like a turtle back above the ground to avoid standing water at that time. Another amazing fact is that grass ___62___(rare)grow on the road and many parts are still in good condition even today.
The mysterious ancient roads, ___63___ date back over 2,200 years and predate the Roman Roads by over 200 years, are known to be ___64___ natural museum in the history of road construction. Historians evaluate it this way: if the Great Wall is compared to a defensive shield(盾牌), then Qin Zhidao is the weapon to guard the ___65___(stable)and prosperity of the Qin Empire.
2
(2024届广东省湛江市高三下学期二模)No structure is as symbolically significant or ___56___(cultural)
important to China as the Great Wall. Architectural ___57___(engineer)are part of a huge project to repair this
centuries-old structure.
Jiankou ___58___(believe)to be one of the most rugged stretches of the relic. Some of the most dangerous work includes laborers hanging from towering heights. With ropes tied around ___59___(they)waists, repair workers spread cement on the wall’s steep sides, while others hold the ropes for support. Surviving a fall from the steep sides would be ___60___(likely). A laborer explains ___61___ he risks his life to make repairs to the ancient structure, saying that it is an honor to be part of such a great cause, and it is very ___62___(meaning)to do so.
Getting supplies to this part of the wall is also a demanding effort. Because the path is so steep, donkeys and mules must be used to transport bricks, ___63___ can weigh as much as 150 kg each. The repair team goes to great ___64___(long)to keepthe principle of minimal intervention. “We have to stick ___65___ the original format, the original material and the original craftsmanship, so that we can better preserve the historical and cultural values, ” said Cheng Yongmao, the engineer leading Jiankou’s restoration work.
3
(2024届河北省承德市部分高中高三下学期二模)The Chinese character zhen(振), meaning “vitalize”, ___56___(name)the nation’s most popular character related to domestic affairs this year, while the character wei, whose ___57___(mean)is “risk” or “crisis”, was chosen as ___58___(hot)for international topics. The characters are among a list of popular words, as well as phrases, collected in an annual ___59___(assess)organized by agencies including the Ministry of Education’s National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Center and the Commercial Press publishing house.
Organizers explained that “vitalize” represents ___60___ upward trend and a gesture of trying to make an effort, and that’s the spirit one should have ___61___ the face of challenges and obstacles, ___62___ it’s a country or an individual. Meanwhile, it pointed out that internationally, the world’s path has come to a crossroads amid wars and conflicts, sluggish economies, a ___63___(wide)gap of development and a worsening environment. Organizers called for looking for opportunities hidden in these crises and using dialogue and ___64___(cooperate) to handle differences in order to build a fair, better world.
In addition to characters, gaozhiliang fazhan, or high-quality development, was chosen ___65___(be)the key domestic phrase of the year, while ChatGPT was named the annual phrase in international topics.
4
(2024届湖北省圆创联考高三下学期3月联合一模)Have you ever heard someone say “You can tell a lot about someone by how they dress” and wondered if that was true What you wear can inform ___56___(passer-by)
of your type of employment, as well as your ambitions, emotions and spending habits.
In early ___57___(civilize), the key purpose of clothing was to keep us warm. Today, central heating warms our homes, reducing our ___58___(depend)on clothes alone to help us to survive. Clothes ___59___(develop)from previous practical belongings to today’s social markers: they affect the way we see ___60___(us). They help us to be seen in the light that we wish to be, and also bring ___61___ our personalities and social status.
In many societies, dress sense represents personal wealth and taste. For example, Economist George Taylor demonstrated this most ___62___(vivid)with the Hemline Index(裙摆指数). Taylor noted that as a country enters recession(衰退)and adopts simply spending habits, women often show a ___63___(prefer)towards longer dresses,
while during times of prosperity ___64___ opposite result can be seen-hemlines often become shorter.
Whether you are male or female, your fashion choices can affect both your self-image, the impression ___65___ you convey to others and in turn, the way in which people behave towards you.
YOU ARE WHAT YOU WEAR!
5
(2024届湖南省娄底市高三下学期高考一模)When we tell people that we opened a company that teaches people about traditional Chinese culture, and allows them to experience things like calligraphy, painting and tai chi, the ___56___(react)we often get is “Why You are British! You should teach British culture!” I would always say simply that I love traditional Chinese culture, and want to share that ___57___ others.
When talking about traditional Chinese culture, we are referring to the language, philosophies, food, arts and crafts, and customs from thousands of years ago up to the 21st century, ___58___ have been passed down through the generations. And as anyone who has heard anything about China ___59___(know), with a history of an estimated 5,000 years, that covers a lot of culture! Traditional culture is still ___60___(high)popular in China, and the philosophies of thousands of years ago are still visible and influencing the culture today, even if not ___61___(recognise)by name.
The culture of China, both modern and traditional, can appear quite ___62___(difference)and at times even difficult to understand, which often leads to misunderstanding. But the more you learn and understand, the
___63___(well)you know about China. Of course, that means more than taking one calligraphy class ___64___ trying out tai chi one afternoon, but each experience you have brings you closer to answering any questions you have and closing the gap between your perception and ___65___(real).
6
(2024届山东省枣庄市高三下学期3月二调)Between 2016 and 2019, the 58-year-old Swiss artist Catherine Gfeller embarked on a journey to ___56___number of Chinese cities, focusing her lens on women. This led to a solo exhibition in Beijing, which displays some of the 30 results, ___57___(include)photographs, texts, and videos. Through her lens, Gfeller ___58___(skillful)establishes a dialogue and builds a bridge between the narratives of the women and the vibrancy(活力)of the cities in which they live.
Gfeller’s focus is on the intersection between Chinese women and the big cities they inhabit. In each city, she met around 10 women of ___59___(vary)professional backgrounds to talk ___60___ depth before taking photos and filming them. Each took her to places where they have childhood memories, or ___61___ their present life takes them every day. This personal link created a special atmosphere. With her camera, she tried to capture ___62___(they)thoughts, feelings, memories, desires, living presences and fantasies.
In her photos and videos, viewers often encounter women gazing thoughtfully at the city, shot from behind. “I want their stories ___63___(interpret)in a poetic, sensory manner in a play of fixed images and images in movement, urban noise, natural sounds, voices and the ___64___(combine)of words and silence. I’m trying to find beauty and transform anonymity and loneliness into something ___65___(joy).” she says.
7
(2024届云南省高三下学期333高考备考诊断性联考二)The annual Yuyuan Garden lantern show in Shanghai, which is ___36___(original)from the Han Dynasty, has been listed as one of China’s forms of intangible cultural heritage. It is one of the country’s oldest lantern fairs, ___57___locals go to enjoy the festive atmosphere and wish each other well. Now, the beloved Yuyuan Garden lantern show ___58___(take)place outside of China for the very first time,___59___60 large-sized structures and more than 2,000 lanterns lighting the oldest amusement park in Paris.
From dragon-shaped lanterns to patterns ___60___(inspire)by the legendary world of “The Classic of Mountains and Seas”, a Chinese literary classic, the Yuyuan Garden lantern show in Paris has built a world of lights and imagination for visitors, showcasing the charm of traditional Chinese culture. Highlighting various cultural and ___61___(spirit)symbols, the lantern displays include mythical creatures such as Kunpeng and Yinglong, representing ___62___(ambitious)and strength.
Beyond the lanterns, visitors can also admire traditional Chinese costumes and ___63___(accessory), and enjoy Chinese cuisine. With a ___64___(mix)of dancing, acrobatics(杂技)and martial arts performances, the lantern show promises to be ___65___ immersive experience in the world of Chinese folklore and lanterns.
More than just a lantern show, it also serves as an opening activity to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and France in 1964.
8
(2024届重庆市高三下学期二模)Since its first appearance in Paris in mid-December, the Yuyuan Garden Lantern Show ___56___(attract)huge crowds to admire its fine designs and ___57___(color)lights during the cold winter nights at the 163-year-old Jardin d’Acclimatation amusement park.
It is the first time that the lantern show, ___58___ national intangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产)item in Shanghai, has been held outside China.
The show, which opened on Dec.15 in Paris at the same time as the one that opened in Shanghai’s Yuyuan Garden, ___59___(be)among events celebrating the ___60___(sixty)anniversary of the establishment of
China-France diplomatic relations. It also welcomes the China-France Year of Culture and Tourism. The show will run through Feb. 25.
According to the event’s organizer Yuyuan Inc., 3,000 online tickets were bought up in a day, with ___61___(add)ones being sold in-person.
At the brightly lit double dragon-shaped gate, long lines ___62___ visitors can be seen at the entrance.
___63___(theme)on “Classic of Mountains and Seas”, ___64___ shares the name of the ancient Chinese mythology(神话)Shan Hai Jing, the event comprises 60 large Chinese lantern sets and 2,000 ___65___(tradition) lanterns, allowing visitors to appreciate the breathtaking art of Chinese lanterns and broader Chinese culture.
9
(海南省2023-2024学年高三下学期学业水平诊断四)Any visitor to the Chinese Culture Week at the University of Tehran would be amazed by the tea, food, Chinese knots(中国结)and traditional paper-cutting artworks ___56___ display, all produced by Iranian students of Chinese language.
“Chinese knots ___57___(believe)to bring good luck and act as charms(护身符)that protect people against evil spirits,” said Zeinab Ghafourian, a 19-year-old student ___58___(study)Chinese at the Confucius Institute of the University of Tehran, on Nov. 28.
Chinese Culture Week, ___59___was held at the hall of the institute from Nov. 25 to 29, seeks ___60___ (introduce)Chinese culture to more Iranians. Ghafourian said that one of the reasons why she chose to study Chinese was that she had been interested in East Asian cultures since childhood. “In ___61___(add), Chinese films have become more popular. The people of both countries enjoy many cultural commonalities, as they were culturally and ___62___(economic)connected via the Silk Road in the past,” she said.
More importantly, given Iran’s good ties with China, mastering Chinese offers relatively ___63___(compete)
employment prospects on the Iranian job market compared with other languages.
“Each of the students here is ___64___ window onto China, helping the Iranians have a more realistic picture of the country and improving ___65___(relate)between the two countries,” said Hamed Vafaei, the Iranian director of the Confucius Institute at the University of Tehran.
10
(河北省石家庄市2023-2024学年高三年级下学期二轮复习新高考卷测试一)Yangko, a rural Chinese folk dance with a history ___56___(date)back thousands of years, originates from farming life in ancient times. The dance relates to sacrifices to the farmland god when people prayed for a good harvest. As time passed, the ___57___(origin)dance developed, taking in various artistic forms and skills, including opera, acrobatics and martial arts, and eventually turned into the type of Yangko___58___is seen today.
To preserve this Chinese folk culture, it was included in the inaugural(首批的)items of national intangible ___59___(culture)heritage in 2006. It is ___60___(common)performed in northern China during festivals, especially for Chinese New Year and the Lantern Festival. Performances or ___61___(compete)are organized in towns and villages to express people’s joy and their hope for a better life.
Yangko employs drumming, Suona, dancing and singing. Content is based ___62___folk stories and legends. Costumes are richly-colored and opera-styled, enabling ___63___(character)to be easily identified. During a performance, the actors will dance and sing, following lively rhythms. Highly. skilled and interesting acts such as stilt(高跷)walking ___64___carrying a wedding sedan chair(花轿)are also included. As a part of traditional Chinese culture, Yangko concentrates the group ___65___(conscious)of the Chinese people, and has outstanding historical and cultural value.
附录：高考英语语法填空常见词性转换的词(与专题01-1高频必记词汇不重复)
able adj.有能力的 ability n.能力 disable v.使伤残 disabled adj.残疾的 disability n.残疾，伤残 unable adj.没有所需技能的(或力量、时间、知识等)，未能的 enable v.使能够，使成为可能
abundant adj.丰富的，充裕的 abundance n.丰富，充裕
accelerate v.(使)加速/增加 acceleration n.加速，增加
accept v.接受 accepted adj.可接受的 (un)acceptable adj.(不)可接受的 acceptance n.接受
accomplish v.完成(任务等)，取得(成功) accomplishment n.完成
accumulate v.积累 accumulation n.积累
act(v)表演，行动 actor n.男演员 actress n.女演员 action n.行动
active adj.积极的，主动的 actively adv.积极地 activity n.活动
adolescent n.青少年 adolescence n.青春期
advantage n.优点，长处 disadvantage n.缺点，弊端
advice n.建议 advise v.建议
advocate v.提倡，拥护，支持 advocation n.拥护，支持
agent n.代理人 agency n.代理处
aggressive adj.侵略性的，好斗的 aggression n.侵略
agree v.同意 agreeable adj.同意的，接受的 agreement n.同意
agriculture n.农业 agricultural adj.农业的
allow v.允许 allowable adj.(法律、规章等)允许的，承认的，容许的 注：allowance n.津贴，补助，限额，零花钱
angry adj.生气的，愤怒的 anger n.愤怒，生气
apology n.道歉 apologise/ze v.道歉
apparent adj.显而易见的 apparently adv.显而易见地
appear v.出现 appearance n.出现，露面，外貌 disappear v.消失 disappearance n.消失
appreciate v.欣赏，感激 appreciation n.欣赏，感激
approximate adj.大概的，近似的 approximately adj.大约
arrive v.到达 arrival n.到来，到达
art n.艺术 artist n.艺术家 artistic adj.艺术的
assess v.评价，评估 assessment n.评价，评估
astronaut n.宇航员 astronomy n.天文学 astronomer n.天文学家
athlete n.运动员 athletic adj.运动的 athletics n.田径，竞技
bake v.烤，烘(面包等) bakery n.面包房
bear v.忍受 bearable adj.可忍受的 unbearable adj.难以忍受的
bore v.使厌烦 boring adj.令人厌烦的 bored adj.感到厌烦的，厌倦的
brave adj.勇敢的 bravely adv.勇敢地 bravery n.勇敢
care n.照料，小心 careful adj.小心的，仔细的 carefully adv.仔细地，小心地 careless adj.粗心的 carelessly adj.粗心地 carefulness n.仔细，细心 carelessness n.粗心
carry v.携带 carrier n.搬运工
casual adj.随便的，非正式的 casually adv.随便地，非正式地
caution n.小心，谨慎，警告 cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的
celebrate v.庆祝 celebration n.庆祝
center n.中心 central adj.中心的
certain adj.确定的，肯定的 certainly adv.必然地，肯定地 certainty n.肯定，确定 uncertain adj.不确定的 uncertainty n.不确定
change v.改变 changeable adj.多变化的，变化无常的
character n.特点，特征 characteristic adj.典型的，独特的 characterize v.描绘，刻画，具有……的特征
cheer v.欢呼，喝彩 cheerful adj.兴高采烈的 cheers(int.)干杯!
child n.孩子 childhood n.童年 childish adj.幼稚的，孩子气的
choose v.选择 choice n.选择
circulate n.(液体或气体)环流，循环 circulation n.流通，循环
clarify v.澄清，阐明 clarification n.澄清，说明
classify v.分类，归类 classification n.分类
close adj.亲密的，亲切的 closely adv.紧紧地 closed adj.紧密的
cloud n.云 cloudy adj.多云的 cloudless adj.晴朗的
coast n.海岸 coastal adj.沿海的，海岸的
color n.颜色 colorful/colored adj.多彩的 colorfully adv.多彩地 colorless adj.无色的
comfort(n & v.)安慰，慰问 comfortable adj.舒服的 uncomfortable adj.不舒服的 comfort n.不安，不舒适，不舒服，不方便，苦恼 v.使……不舒服，使……不安，使苦恼
communicate v.沟通，交流 communication n.沟通，交流
complete adj.完全的 completely adv.完全地
condition n.条件，状况 conditional adj.有条件的 unconditional adj.无条件的
connect v.连接 connected adj.连接的，相连的 connection n.联系，关联
conscious adj.意识到的，察觉的 unconscious adj.无意识的，未察觉到的 conscience n.良心 consciousness n.意识
consider v.认为 considerate adj.体贴的 consideration n.考虑 considering prep.鉴于，考虑到
continue v.继续 continuous adj.adj. 继续的，连续的，持续的
controversy n.争论 controversial adj.有争议的
correct adj.正确的 v.改正 correction n.改正，纠正 incorrect adj.不正确的
cover遮盖，掩蔽 uncover揭开……的盖子，揭露
culture n.文化 cultural adj.文化的 multicultural adj.多元文化的
custom n.风俗，习惯 customer n.顾客 customs n.海关
danger n.危险 dangerous adj.危险的 endanger v.使遭受危险 endangered adj.濒危的
dark adj.黑暗的 darkness n.黑暗
decide v.决定 decision n.决定
deep adj&adv.深的&深地 deeply adv.深地 depth n.深度 deepen v.使加深
deliberate adj.深思熟虑的 deliberately adv.故意地
delight n.高兴，愉快 delighted adj.高兴的 delightful adj.令人愉快的
depend v.依赖，依靠 dependence n.依赖，依靠 independent adj.独立的 independence n.独立
desert v.舍弃，遗弃 deserted adj.荒芜的，被遗弃的
design v.设计 designer n.设计者
desperate adj.绝望的 desperately adv.绝望地 desperation n.绝望
destroy v.破坏，毁坏 destructive adj.破坏性的，毁灭性的 destruction n.破坏，毁坏
develop v.发展 developing adj.发展中的 developed adj.发达的 development n.发展
devote v.贡献，奉献 devoted adj.忠诚的 devotion n.贡献，奉献
dictate v.听写 dictation n.听写
die v.死亡 dead adj.死的 deadly adj.致命的，极度的 death n.死亡
difficult adj.难的，困难的 difficulty n.困难
direct v.指挥 director n.指挥 direction n.方向
disagree v.不同意 disagreement n.不同意
disappoint v.使失望 disappointed adj.感到失望的 disappointing adj.令人失望的 disappointment n.失望
discover v.发现 discovery n.发现
discuss v.讨论 discussion n.讨论
distribute v.分发，分配 distribution n.分发，分配
disturb v.打扰 disturbing adj.令人不安的，令人烦恼的
diverse adj.多种多样的 diversity n.多样性
doubt n.怀疑 doubtful adj.怀疑的
drama n.戏剧 dramatic adj.戏剧的，戏剧性的
drink v.喝 drunk adj.醉酒的
dust n.灰尘 dusty adj.满是灰尘的
east n.东方，东部 eastern adj.东方的
encourage v.鼓励 encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的 encouragement n.鼓励，激励 discourage v.使泄气 courage n.勇气
end v.结束 ending n.结尾，结局 endless adj.无止境的，无穷尽的
energy n.精力，能源 energetic adj.精力充沛的
engine n.发动机 engineer n.工程师
enjoy v.享受 enjoyable adj.令人愉快的 enjoyment n.享受，欢乐
enter v.进入 entry n.进入 entrance n.入口处
environment n.环境 environmental adj.环境的
erase v.擦去，抹去 eraser n.橡皮
evaluate v.评价，评估 evaluation n.评价
evidence n.证据 evident adj.显然的
excellent adj.优秀的 excellence n.优秀
except prep.除了 exception n.例外
excite v.使兴奋 excited adj.感到兴奋的 exciting adj.令人兴奋的
excitement n.兴奋，激动
exhibit v.展览 exhibition n.展览
exist v.存在 existence n.存在
expect v.期待，预料 expectation n.期待，预料
expense n.消费，支出，费用 expensive adj.昂贵的
experience n.经验 experienced adj.有经验的
explain v.解释 explanation n.解释
explore v.探索 explorer n.探险者 exploration n.探索
express v.表达 expression n.表达，表情
extreme adj.极端的，极度的 extremely adv.极其，非常
face n.脸 facial adj.面部的
fail v.失败 failure n.失败
fair adj.公平的 fairly adv.公正地，正当地 fairness n.公平，公正 unfair adj.不公平的
faith n.信仰，信念 faithful adj.忠诚的，忠实的 faithfully adv.忠诚地，忠实地
fantasy n.幻想，想象 fantastic adj.极好的，美妙的
favor n.恩惠，好意，喜爱 favorite adj.赞成的，讨人喜欢的
feel v.感觉 feeling n.感觉
fierce adj.猛烈的，凶猛的 fiercely adv.猛烈地
finance n.财政，金融 financial adj.金融的，财政的 financially adv.财政上地
fluent adj.(外语)流利的，流畅的 fluency n.(外语)流利，流畅
fly v.飞行 flight n.航班
fog n.雾 foggy adj.有浓雾的
fold v.折叠 unfold v.打开
fool n.傻瓜，傻子 foolish adj.愚蠢的
foreign adj.外国的 foreigner n.外国人
forget v.忘记 forgetful adj.健忘的 unforgetful adj.难忘的
forgive v.原谅，宽恕 forgiveness n.原谅
form n.形式 formal adj.正式的 informal adj.非正式的
fortunate adj.幸运的 fortunately adv.幸运地 unfortunate adj.不幸的 unfortunately adv.不幸地 fortune n.运气，财富
frequent adj.频繁的 frequently adv.经常地，频繁地 frequency n.频繁
friend n.朋友 friendly adj.友好的 friendship n.友谊
fright n.害怕 frighten v.使害怕 frightened adj.感到害怕的 frightening adj.令人害怕的
fry v.用油煎，用油炸 fried adj.油炸的，油煎的
fun n.有趣的事 funny adj.有趣的
furnish v.装备，配备 furnished adj.有家具的 furniture n.家具
gentle adj.温柔的 gentleman n.绅士
govern v.统治，治理 government n.政府
gradual adj.逐渐的 gradually adv.逐渐地
greet v.打招呼 greeting n.问候
guide v.引导，指导 guidance n.引导，指导
gym=gymnasium n.体育馆 gymnastics n.体操 gymnast n.体操运动员
hand n.手 handful adj.一把之量
happy adj.高兴的 happily adv.幸福地 happiness n.幸福
hard adj.艰难的 hardship n.困难
harm v.伤害 harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的 harmfulness n.伤害
hate v.憎恨 hatred n.憎恨
health n.健康 healthy adj.健康的
unhealthy adj.不健康的
heat n.热，热度 heated adj.热烈的
heavy adj.重的 heavily adv.重地，沉重地
help n.帮助 helpful adj.有帮助的
high adj.高的 height n.高度
home n.家 homeless adj.无家可归的
honest adj.诚实的 honesty n.诚实
hope(v. & n.)希望 hopeful adj.有希望的 hopefully adv.有希望地 hopeless adj.无希望的，无可救药的
humor n.幽默 humorous adj.幽默的，诙谐的
hunger n.饥饿 hungry adj.饥饿的
imagine v.想象 imaginative adj.有想象力的 imaginable adj.可想象的 imagination n.想象力
immediately adv.立刻，马上 immediate adj.立刻的，立即的
import v.进口 export v.出口
important adj.重要的 importance n.重要性
include v.包含 inclusion n.包含
instruct v.指示，指导 instruction n.指示，说明
insure v.给……投保 insurance n.保险
interview(n./v.)采访，面试 interviewer n.(面试时)主考官 interviewee n.参加面试者，接受采访者
introduce v.介绍 introduction n.介绍
invent v.发明 invention n.发明 inventor n.发明者
invite v.邀请 invitation n.邀请
jog v.慢跑 jogging n.慢跑
lack n.&v.缺乏 lacking adj.缺乏的
large adj.大的，巨大的 enlarge v.扩大
laugh v.大笑 laughter n.笑声
lead v.领导 leading adj.主要的 leader n.领导人
library n.图书馆 librarian n.图书管理员
lie v.撒谎 liar n.说谎者
like v.喜欢 prep.像，如同 adj.相似的 dislike v.不喜欢 likely adj.可能的 unlikely adj.不可能的 unlike adj.不像，与……不同，不同的，相异的，不相似的 prep.不像，和……不同
long adj.长的 length n.长度 lengthen v.加长
lose v.丢失 lost adj.迷失的 loss n.损失
love v.喜爱 lovely adj.可爱的
luck n.运气 lucky adj.幸运的 luckily adv.幸运地 unlucky adj.不幸的 unluckily adv.不幸地
magic n.魔法，魔术 magical adj.有魔力的 magician n.魔术师
manage v.管理，经营 management n.管理 manager n.经理
marry v.结婚，嫁，娶 married adj.结婚的 marriage n.婚姻
mean v.意味着 meaning n.意思 meaningful adj.有意义的
medicine n.药 medical adj.医学的，医疗的 medication n.药，药物
mercy n.怜悯 merciful adj.仁慈的，同情的
mess n.混乱局面，凌乱状态 messy adj.乱七八糟的，混乱的
minor adj.少数的 minority n.少数，少数民族
mistake n.错误 mistaken adj.错误的
mix v.混合 mixture n.混合物
modern adj.现代的，近代的，新式的，当代风格的 modernize v.使现代化
modernization n.现代化，现代化的事物
mountain n.山 mountainous adj.多山的
music n.音乐 musical adj.音乐的 musician n.音乐家
nature n.自然 natural adj.自然的 naturally adv.自然地
necessary adj.必需的，必要的 necessarily adv.必要地，必需地 necessity n.必然性，必需品
neighbour n.邻居 neighbourhood n.四邻，邻近地区
noise n.噪音 noisy adj.喧闹的，嘈杂的 noisiness n.吵闹，喧闹
normal adj.正常的 abnormal adj.不正常的
north n.北方 northern adj.北方的，北部的 northwest adj.西北的 northeast adj.东北的
nurse n.护士 nursing n.(职业性的)保育，护理 nursery n.托儿所
obvious adj.显然的 obviously adv.显然地
occupy v.占领 occupation n.占领，职业 occupied adj.已占用的
occur v.发生 occurrence n.发生
organ n.(人、动物)器官 organic adj.器官的，有机的 organism n.有机体，有机组织
own v.拥有 owner n.物主，所有人 ownership n.所有权，所有，所有制，物主身份
pain n.疼痛 pains n.辛苦，辛劳 painful adj.疼痛的
paint v.绘画 painting n.绘画，油画 painter n.画家 painting n.绘画，油画
pass v.通过 passer-by n.过路人(pl:passers-by)
peace n.和平，宁静 peaceful adj.和平的，安宁的
percent n.百分之…… percentage n.百分率，百分数
perfect adj.完美的 perfectly adv.完美地 perfection n.完美
physical adj.身体的 mental adj.精神的 physically adv.身体上地 mentally adv.精神上地
physical adj.物理的 physics n.物理 physician n.物理学家 physicist n.物理学家
polite adj.礼貌的 politeness n.礼貌 impolite adj.不礼貌的，失礼的
pollute v.污染 polluted adj.受到污染的 pollution n.污染
poor adj.贫穷的 poverty n.贫穷
popular adj.流行的 popularity n.流行
possible adj.可能的 possibly adv.可能地 possibility n.可能性 impossible adj.不可能的
prepare v.准备 preparation n.准备
prescribe v.开处方/药方 prescription n.处方
price n.价格 priceless adj.无价的
print v.印刷 printing n.印刷术
prison n.监狱 prisoner n.囚犯
private adj.私人的 privately adv.私下地
produce v.生产 production n.生产 product n.产品 producer n.生产者
pronounce v.发音 pronunciation n.发音
proper adj.恰当的，适当的 properly adv.恰当地，适当地
protect v.保护 protective adj.防护的 protection n.保护
punish v.惩罚 punishment n.惩罚
purpose n.目的，意图 purposeful adj.有意图的，有目的的 purposely adv.故意地，特意地
puzzle v.使困惑 puzzled adj.感到困惑的 puzzling adj.令人困惑的 puzzlement n.困惑
radiation n.放射，放射物 radioactive adj.放射性的
rain n.雨 rainy adj.多雨的
rapid adj.快速的 rapidly adv.快速地
rare adj.稀少的，罕见的 rarely adv.稀少地，罕见地
real adj.真实的，真正的 really adv.真实地 reality n.现实
receive v.接受 receiver n.(电话)听筒
reception n.接待，招待 receptionist n.接待员
refuse v.拒绝 refusal n.拒绝，谢绝
regret v.后悔 regretful adj.后悔的，遗憾的
relax v.使轻松，使放松 relaxed adj.轻松的，放松的 relaxing adj.令人放松的 relaxation n.放松，轻松
rely v.依靠 reliable adj.可依靠的，可依赖的
remain v.遗留，保留 remains n.剩饭菜，遗迹，遗体
report v.报道 reporter n.记者
require v.需要 requirement n.需要
rescue v.营救，援救 rescuer n.救援人员
resist v.抵抗 resistant adj.反抗的，顽固的 resistance n.抵抗，反抗
rest v.休息 unrest n.不安，骚动
review v.复习，温习 revision n.复习，温习
rich adj.富有的 enrich v.使富裕，使富有
ripe adj.成熟的 ripen v.使成熟
rob v.抢劫 robber n.抢劫犯 robbery n.抢劫案
rule v.统治 ruler n.统治者
sad adj.难过的，悲伤的 sadly adv.悲哀地，悲痛地 sadness n.悲痛，悲伤
safe adj.安全的 safety n.安全
sail v.航行 sailing n.航海 sailor n.水手
sale n.出售 salesgirl n.女售货员 saleswoman n.女售货员 salesman n.男售货员
say v.说 saying n.谚语，格言
self n.自己，自我 selfish adj.自私的 selfishness n.自私
separate v.使分开，使分离(adj).单独的，分开的 separation n.分离，隔离，分居
serve v.服务 service n.服务
set v.以……为背景 setting n.(小说、戏剧、电影的)背景
shame n.羞耻，羞愧 shameful adj.可耻的 shameless adj.无耻的
sharp adj.锋利的，尖的 sharply adv.急剧地 sharpen v.(使)变锐利，(使)尖锐 sharpener n.卷笔刀
shave v.刮(脸，胡子) shaver n.电动剃须刀
shock v.使震惊 shocked adj.感到震惊的 shocking adj.令人震惊的
shop n.商店 shopkeeper n.店主 shopping n.购物
short adj.短的，缺乏的 shortly立刻，马上，简单地，扼要地 shorten v.缩短 shortage(n. )缺乏
sick adj.有病的，患病的 sickness n.疾病
sight n.风景 sightseeing n.观光，旅游
sign v.签署 signature n.签名
silent adj.沉默的，寂静的 silence n.安静，沉默
similar adj.同样的，类似的 similarly adv.同样地，类似地 similarity n.相似之处
simple adj.简单的 simply simplify v.使简单化
situation n.形势，境况 situated adj.坐落(某处)的，位于(某处)的
skate v.滑冰 skating n.滑冰
ski v.滑雪 skiing n.滑雪
skill n.技巧 skilled adj.有技巧的，熟练的 skillful adj.有技巧的
slave n.奴隶 slavery n.奴隶制
sleep v.睡觉 sleepy adj.想睡的，瞌睡的 sleepless adj.失眠的
slow adj.慢慢的 slowly adv.慢慢地
smell n.气味 smelly adj.有臭味的，发出臭味的
smooth adj.光滑的 smoothly adv.光滑地
snow v.下雪 snowy adj.下雪的，多(积)雪的
soft adj.柔软的 softly柔和地，柔软地，温和地 soften v.使柔软，使柔和
south n.南方，南部(相同变化的词east, west, north) southern adj.南方的，南部的 southeast adj.东南的 southwest adj.西南的
space n.空间，外层空间，空白，空隙；(可利用的)空地，宽敞，开阔，空旷，空当，空子 spacious adj.宽敞的，宽大的
speak v.说，讲，谈话，发言 spoken adj.口语的
special adj.特别的 specialist n.专家
spirit n.精神 spiritual adj.精神(上)的，心灵(上)的
spoon n.匙 spoonful adj.一匙(的量)
stair n.(复数)楼梯 upstairs adv.在楼上 downstairs adv.在楼下
standard n.标准 standardize v.使……标准化
steady adj.稳定的，稳固的 steadily adv.稳定地，稳固地
store v.储藏，储存 storage n.贮藏，储存
storm n.暴风雨 stormy adj.暴风雨的，激烈的
strange adj.陌生的 stranger n.陌生人
strict adj.严格的 strictly adv.严格地
subject n.主题 subjective adj.主观的
success n.成功 successful adj.成功的 successfully adv.成功地
succeed v.成功
sudden adj.突然的 suddenly adv.突然地
suggest v.建议 suggestion n.建议
summary n.摘要，概要 summarize v.概括，总结
sun n.太阳 sunny adj.晴朗的，阳光充足的 sunlight n.阳光 sunshine n.阳光
surgeon n.外科医生 surgical adj.外科的
surprise v.使惊讶 n.惊讶 surprised adj.感到惊讶的 surprising adj.令人惊讶的
surround v.围绕，环绕 surroundings n.周围环境
survive v.幸存，幸免于难 survival n.幸存 survivor n.幸存者
sweet adj.甜的 sweetly adv.甜蜜地
swift adj.快的，迅速的 swiftly adv.快地，迅速地
swim v.游泳 swimming n.游泳
symbol n.标志，象征 symbolize v.象征，作为…的象征
sympathy n.同情，怜悯 sympathetic adj.同情的
system n.制度，系统 systematic adj.系统的
talk v.谈话，讲话，演讲 talking n.谈话，讲话 talker n.谈话者，讲话者
taste v.味道，滋味 tasty adj.美味的，可口的 tasteless adj.无滋味的
teach v.教 teacher n.教师 teaching n.教学
team n.队，组 teamwork n.合作
terrify v.使恐惧，使惊吓 terrified adj.感到恐惧的 terrifying adj.可怕的，吓人的 terror n.恐惧，惊恐 terrible adj.可怕的，糟糕的 terribly terrorist n.恐怖主义者 terrorism n.恐怖主义
thank v.感谢 thankful adj.感谢的，感激的 thankfully adv.感谢地
thief n.小偷 theft n.偷窃，盗窃罪
thirst n.渴，口渴 thirsty adj.口渴的，渴望的
thorough adj.完全的，彻底的 thoroughly adv.完全地，彻底地
thrill v.使激动 thriller n.惊险小说/电影，引起激动的人/物
tight adj.紧的 tightly adv.紧地
tire v.使疲劳，使疲倦 tired adj.感到疲劳的，累的 tiring adj.令人厌烦的
total adj.总数的，总共的 totally adv.完全地
tour n.观光，旅游 v.巡回演出 tourist n.游客，观光者 tourism n.旅游业
train v.训练 training n.训练 trainer n.训练员 trainee n.受训者，实习生
translate v.翻译 translation n.翻译 translator n.翻译
transparent adj.透明的 transparently adv.显然地
travel v.旅行 traveler n.旅客 traveling n.旅行
trouble n.麻烦 troublesome adj.讨厌的，麻烦的，棘手的
true adj.真的，真实的 truly adv.真正地，真实地 truth n.真理，事实，真相 truthful adj.真实的 truthfully adv.诚实地，如实地
turn v.转动，翻转 turning n.转弯处，拐角处
type v.打字 typewriter n.打字机 typist n.打字员
understand v.明白，理解 misunderstand v.误解 understanding n.理解 misunderstanding n.误会，误解 understandable adj.可理解的
unite v.联合，团结 united adj.联合的
union n.联合，团结，联合会，工会
use n.使用 used adj.用过的，旧的，二手的 useful adj.有用的 useless adj.无用的 user n.使用者 usage n.用法
value n.价值，重要性 v.重视 valuable adj.有价值的，值钱的，贵重的
victory n.胜利 victorious adj.胜利的，得胜的
violin n.小提琴 violinist n.小提琴家
warm adj.温暖的 warmth n.温暖
weak adj.虚弱的 weakly adv.虚弱地 weakness n.虚弱，弱点 weaken v.削弱，减弱
wealth n.财富 wealthy adj.富裕的，有钱的
week n.星期 weekly adj.每周的 weekday n.工作日 weekend n.周末
weigh v.称…的重量 weight n.重量
west n.西方，西部 western adj.西方的，西部的 westwards adv.向西方
wide adj.宽的 widen v.使变宽 width n.宽度
willing adj.愿意的，乐意的 willingly adv.乐意地，愿意地 willingness n.愿意，情愿 unwilling adj.不愿意的，勉强的
wind n.风 windy adj.有风的，多风的
wonder n.奇迹 wonderful adj.美妙的，精彩的
worry v.使烦恼，使焦虑 worried adj.担心的 worrying adj.令人担心的
wound n.创伤，伤口 wounded adj.受伤的
