02-1重点语法之非谓语动词
以下真题，如果你做起来略感费劲或错误率比较高，说明你在非谓语动词语法知识方面存在比较大的漏洞。
1.(2024年浙江1月卷)However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ___56___(benefit)from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
56.【答案】to benefit
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据“buying extra”和“from price reductions”可知，此处是指多买一件来享受降价，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语，故填to benefit。句意：然而，如果你是想买一件，那么多买一件来享受降价是没有意义的。
2.(2024年浙江1月卷)If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ___62___(start)selling chicken or salad in packs ___63___(design)with two halves containing separate portions(份).
两题所给提示词均为动词，究竟哪个要填谓语动词，哪个要填非谓语动词，需要分析。62题空格前有主语supurmakets，故该题要填谓语动词；63题空格前是介词短语in packs，没有主语，故该题要填非谓语动词。
62.【答案】have started
【解析】现在谓语动词的时态。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”，故填have started。
63.【答案】designed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”，和谓语之间没有连词，和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语，故填designed。
3.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether ___57___(bite)a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
57.【答案】to bite
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，故填to bite。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个
小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。
4.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___61___(lift)out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
61.【答案】to be lifted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，补足语lift out与宾语them(指代小笼包)是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted，故填to be lifted。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。
5.(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ___65___(want)more next time.
65.【答案】wanting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处考查“leave sb.+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting，故填wanting。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。
6.(2023浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ___58___(surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
58.【答案】surrounded
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在明朝，紫禁城是中心，它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包围。分析句子结构，was是谓语动词，空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语，主语the Forbidden City和surround之间是动宾关系，需填过去分词形式，故填surrounded。
7.(2023全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言)___61___(teach)a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
61.【答案】to teach
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语，故填to teach。
8.(2023全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___65___(borrow)some familiar words from many age-old fables.
65.【答案】borrowing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故填borrowing。
9.(2023全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___66___(intend)for everyone.
66.【答案】intended
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式，故填intended。
10.(2023全国乙卷)Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ___62___(build)system of ring roads.
62.【答案】build
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从佛教寺庙到博物馆，狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿，它是3000多年辉煌历史的家园，即使是在它的布局上，这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。这里为非谓语动词担当定语，表示“精心建造的……”，和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之间为被动关系，用过去分词，故填built。
11.(2023全国乙卷)___66___(visit)several times over the last 10 years, I ___67___(amaze)by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产)while constantly growing.
两题所给提示词均为动词，究竟哪个要填谓语动词，哪个要填非谓语动词，一目了然。66题空格处于句首，故该题要填非谓语动词；67题空格前有主语“I”，故该题要填谓语动词。
66.【答案】Having visited
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写，故填Having visited。
67.【答案】was amazed
【解析】考查谓语动词的时态和语态。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产)while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I和动词amaze之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态，故填was amazed。
12.(2023全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___68___(record)everything I discovered.
68.【答案】recording
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名摄影师，我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。spend time(in)doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语，用动名词形式，故填recording。
纵观下列《译林牛津2020版教材语法一览表》，考生可以发现教材用了好大的篇幅(必修三的三个单元和选择性必修一的四个单元)来处理非谓语动词的语法知识，说明这一块既是重点，也是难点，对照高考，考情也的确如此。
译林牛津2020版教材语法一览表
教 材 单 元 语法内容
必修一 Unit 1 Sentence elements and sentence structures(句子成分与句子结构)
Unit 2 Simple, compound and complex sentences(简单句、并列句与主从复合句)
Unit 3 Restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns(关系代词引导的限制性定语从句)
Unit 4 Restrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs(由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句)
必修二 Unit 1 Subject-verb agreement(主谓一致)
Unit 2 Passive voice in thepresent continuous andpresent perfect tenses (现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态)
Unit 3 Future in the past(过去将来时)
Unit 4 Modal verbs(情态动词)
必修三 Unit 1 Ellipsis(省略)
Unit 2 To-infinitives as attributives and adverbials of result(动词不定式做定语和结果状语)
Unit 3 Verb-ing forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements (动词-ing形式做定语、状语和宾语补足语)
Unit 4 Verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements (动词-ed形式做定语、状语和宾语补足语)
选择性 必修一 Unit 1 To-infinitive s as subjects and predicatives(动词不定式做主语和表语)
Unit 2 Verb-ing forms as subjects and objects(动词-ing形式做主语和宾语)
Unit 3 Verb-ing and verb-edforms as predicatives(动词-ing形式和动词-ed 形式做表语)
Unit 4 Overview of to-infinitives, verb-ing and verb-ed forms(复习和运用非谓语动词形式)
选择性 必修二 Unit 1 Past perfect tense(过去完成时)
Unit 2 Passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses (过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态)
Unit 3 Present perfect continuous tense(现在完成进行时)
Unit 4 Future continuous tense(将来进行时)
选择性 必修三 Unit 1 Non-restrictive relative clauses(非限制性定语从句)
Unit 2 Subject clauses(主语从句)
Unit 3 Predicative clauses(表语从句)
Unit 4 Appositive clauses(同位语从句)
选择性 必修四 Unit 1 Overview of adverbial clauses(复习状语从句)
Unit 2 Overview of relative clauses(复习定语从句)
Unit 3 Overview of noun clauses(复习名词性从句)
Unit 4 Analysis of complicated sentences(分析复杂句)
拓展创新学程 第一册 Unit 1 Inversion(倒装)
Unit 2 Emphasis(强调)
Unit 3 Subjunctive mood(1):unreal conditionals(虚拟语气Ⅰ：条件句)
Unit 4 Subjunctive mood(II): other cases(虚拟语气Ⅱ：其他情况)
拓展创新学程 第二册 Unit 1 Linking words(连接词语)
Unit 2 The elements of a paragraph(段落基本要素)
Unit 3 The development of a text(篇章结构)
Unit 4 Language styles(语言文体)
拓展创新学程 第三册 Unit 1 Simile and metaphor(明喻和暗喻)
Unit 2 Idioms(习语)
Unit 3 Euphermism(委婉语)
Unit 4 Allusion(典故)
做一做下列题目，看看有没有问题。若有问题，诊断一下所出问题的症结何在。
1.The Forbidden City, also ________(refer)to as the Palace Museum in the modern days, is located in the heart of Beijing.
【答案】referred
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：紫禁城，在现代也被称为故宫博物院，位于北京的中心。根据句中谓语“is located”可知，此处为非谓语动词，作定语修饰“The Forbidden city”，并与其构成被动关系，故应用过去分词形式，故填referred。
【易错归因】没有正确分析句子结构，误判句子的谓语，误填refers。
2.The tablet, ________(find)in Jindong Village, measures 1.4 meters high, 0.61 meters wide, and 0.14 meters thick.
【答案】found
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这块石碑出土于金洞村，高1.4米，宽0.61米，厚0.14米。本句的谓语动词是measures，所以该空在这里作定语，修饰The tablet，且与逻辑主语为被动关系，故填动词的-ed形式，故填found。
【易错归因】没有正确分析句子结构，误判断句子的谓语，误填was found或finding。
3.A stone tablet(牌匾)________(date)back to the year 1693, which falls within the Qing Dynasty(1644—1911), was discovered in Daming County, north China’s Hebei Province, said local authorities.
【答案】dating
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：据当地政府称，在中国北部河北省大明县发现了一块1693年的清朝(1644-1911)石碑。本句的谓语动词是was discovered，空处为非谓语动词，A stone tablet与date back to为主动关系。所以用现在分词，故填dating。
【易错归因】没有正确分析句子结构，误判断句子的谓语，又误以为date是及物动词而误填dates或is dated。
4.As an expert for in thie field, people have asked me if having a shy personality is something we are born with or if it’s something we develop ________(base)on our experiences.
【答案】based
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为这一领域的专家，人们问我，害羞是我们天生的性格，还是我们根据自己的经历发展起来的性格。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作后置定语修饰something，因两者之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，使用过去分词，故填based。
【易错归因】长难句导致句子成分划分不清而误填to base。
5.So far, Shandong has launched many cultural tourism projects, making great progress in digging into the culture
and value of the Yellow River ________(boost)the high-quality development of the region.
【答案】to boost
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：迄今为止，山东已经启动了许多文化旅游项目，在挖掘黄河文化和价值方面取得了重大进展，以推动该地区的高质量发展。分析句子结构可知boost在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，故填to boost。
【易错归因】句子复杂引起句子成分判断失误，逻辑意思理解出错而误填has boosted
6.________(root)in Dongying, the opera has become extremely popular among tourists.
【答案】Rooted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：植根于东营的吕剧在游客中非常受欢迎。分析句子结构可知root与逻辑主语the opera构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，故填Rooted ...。
【易错归因】作状语的非谓语动词root基本用法及意思“使……扎根于……”掌握不牢，误解其与句子主语(亦是root的逻辑主语)之间的主被动关系而误填Rooting
7.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, twenty-four emperors lived here ________(rule)China for nearly 500 years.
【答案】ruling
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在明清两代，有24位皇帝在这里居住统治中国近500年。根据句中谓语“lived”可知，此处应为非谓语动词，作伴随状语，并与“twenty-four emperors”形成主动关系，
故应用现在分词形式，故填ruling。
【易错归因】语境分析错误，逻辑句意判断不清，容易错译成目的状语而误填to rule。
8.The route was firstly created by an envoy called Zhang Qian assigned by the king of Han Dynasty to deliver gifts that was mainly silk for those local loads in west China area ________(hold)their loyalty.
【答案】to hold
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这条路线最初是由汉朝国王派来的使者张骞开辟的，他给西域的土人送礼物，主要是丝绸，以保持他们的忠诚。分析句子结构可知hold在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，故填to hold。
【易错归因】句子结构复杂导致句子成分划分错误，导致句意理解不清而误填held
9.There being many choices of ________(package)Luosifen these days, people can easily prepare their favorite version at home.
【答案】packaged
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：现在包装好的螺蛳粉有很多选择，人们可以很容易地在家里制作自己喜欢的螺蛳粉。分析句子，句中can prepare为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，package与Luosifen之间是被动关系，故使用过去分词packaged作定语，意为“被包装的”，故填packaged。
【易错归因】不关注上下文句子成分的分析，思维定势，一看到介词后就用动词ing形式而误填packaging。
10.From the late 13th until 19th century, with the highest section built and the overall length ________(shorten), the Canal was turned into a main passage between northern and southern China as well as the economic lifeline of the country.
【答案】shortened
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从13世纪末到19世纪，随着最高段的建造和总长度的缩短，运河成为中国南北之间的主要通道和国家的经济命脉。在with复合结构中，空处应填非谓语动词作宾补，shorten和逻辑主语length之间为被动关系，用过去分词，故填shortened。
【易错归因】“and”起到“障眼法”的作用，容易导致考生漏看with，把“and”后面看成是一个句子，而误填was shortened。
要准确填对上述各题，几乎无一例外的要借助正确分析句子结构，否则，就有可能出错。由此，笔者以为，需要帮助考生补一补句法知识(回归教材必修一Unit1句子成分与句子结构和Unit 2简单句、并列句与主从复合句)。
一、句法知识整体一览
二、句法知识几点说明
1.组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语、补足语、独立成分(感叹词、呼语和插入语)等。构成句子的主体部分是主语和谓语。表语、宾语和补足语是
谓语的组成部分。其它成分如定语、同位语、状语等是句子的次要部分。
2.补足语又分为(在主动语态中)宾语补足语和(在被动语态中)主语补足语。
I heard her singing the song this time yesterday.
She was heard singing the this time yesterday.
3.there be句型实际上是主系表结构的倒装。可以用exist, go, lie, live, seem/appear, stand, remain等词
替代be动词。
There exists no air on the moon.
There lives an old man at the foot of the mountain.
There seems to be something wrong about it.
4.双宾语：动词后面跟双宾语时通常是间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。但是，可以通过介词(通常用to或for)把间接宾语挪后。
I will lend you some books.=I will lend some books to you.
You’d better give me some good advice.=You’d better give some good advice to me.
My close friends bought me a Barbie doll.=My close friends bought a Barbie doll for me.
三、非谓语动词的变形
过去分词就一种形式，而不定式和动词的v-ing还有其它形式的变化。
非谓语 构成
时态 语态 复合结构(其逻辑主语表示法) 否定式
主动 被动
不定式 一般式 to do to be done for sb. to do sth. 或 of sb. to do sth. 在“to”前加not 或never
进行式 to be doing /
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing /
动名词 一般式 doing being done sb.或sb’s doing 作主语要用 sb’s doing 在前加not 特别注意复合结构的否定式： sb’s not doing sb’s not having done
完成式 having done having been done
现在分词 与动名词变化形式相同 / 在前加not
特别强调：考生需要了解不定式和动词的v-ing变形后的用法。
1.非谓语动词作定语
分类 形式 与被修饰词的逻辑关系 与谓语动作的时间关系
不定式 to do 主动关系 在谓语动作前或者后发生
to be done 被动关系 在谓语动作后发生
现在 分词 doing 主动关系 与谓语动作同时进行
being done 被动关系 与谓语动作同时进行
过去 分词 done 被动关系 在谓语动作之前发生
存在的状态或情况
2.非谓语动词作补足语
非谓语 与句子宾语的逻辑关系 与句子谓语动作的时间关系
不定式 主动关系 ①在谓语动词后发生 ②不带to的不定式表示动作的全过程或是表 示经常性的动作
现在分词 主动关系 同时进行
过去分词 被动关系 动作已经完成或表示状态
3.非谓语动词作状语
非谓语 与逻辑主语(即句子的主语)的关系 与谓语动作的时间关系
doing(一般式) 主动关系 (几乎)与谓语动作同时进行
having done(完成式) 主动关系 先于谓语动作发生
having been done(完成被动) 被动关系 先于谓语动作发生
done(过去分词) 被动关系 已经在过去发生或是 不十分强调时间概念
四、非谓语动词的功能
所能充当的成分 主语 表语 宾语 宾语(主语)补足语 定语 插入语(独立成分)
V-ing形式 现在分词 / ● ● ● ●
动名词 ● ● ● / ● /
不定式(to do) ● ● ● ● ● ●
过去分词(done) / ● ● ● ●
注：常见作独立成分的非谓语动词
to tell you the truth(实话说)，needless to say(不用说)，to be honest/frank(老实说，坦白说)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to make things worse(更糟的是)，not to mention(更不用说)，generally/frankly/ roughly/strictly/personally speaking(一般说来/坦白说/粗略地说/严格地说/就个人而言)
五、非谓语动词的解题
如果提示词为动词，首先要分析句子结构判断是不是词性转换；其次要分析句子结构判断是谓语还是
非谓语。如果确定是填非谓语动词，则要判断非谓语动词在句中所充当的成分，接着要考虑以下因素来确定非谓语动词的具体形式而搞定答案。
1.找准逻辑主语
当非谓语动词在句中作状语→句子的主语一般为非谓语动词的逻辑主语；
当非谓语动词在句中作定语→它所修饰的名词或代词一般为非谓语动词的逻辑主语；
当非谓语动词在句中作宾语补足语→宾语一般为非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
2.依据关系解题
非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间构成的两种关系为：
主谓关系→一般为表主动意义的现在分词或动词不定式；
动宾关系→—般为表被动意义的过去分词。
3.依据功用解题
表示目的→用动词不定式；
表示顺其自然的结果→用现在分词；
表示出乎意料的结果→用动词不定式。
总之，确定非谓语动词的意义和在句中所作成分是解题的基础，而找准非谓语动词的逻辑主语，弄清楚构成非谓语的动词与非谓语动词的逻辑主语之间的关系是解决此类问题的关键。
此外，还可以借助习惯搭配或固定句型解题。
只跟不定式作宾语的动词：
decide, determine, learn, wish, hope决定/心学会有希望
dare, refuse, fail若敢拒绝就失败
aim, agree, plan, pretend旨在同意计划莫假装
prepare, try, manage, help准备尽力/设法来帮忙
offer, beg, demand, afford提供请求负得起
promise, arrange, be supposed承诺安排理应当
只跟动名词作宾语的动词：
enjoy, consider, escape, avoid喜欢考虑难避免
stop, give up, risk停止放弃冒风险
put off, delay, imagine推迟延误莫想象
require, finish, look forward to要求完成有期望
suggest, advise, go on, practice建议继续勤练习
keep on, mind, succeed in继续介意促成功
can’t help, excuse, insist on不禁原谅要坚持
常考含非谓语动词的句型：
疑问词+to do不定式作宾语，常跟在下列动词后: decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show,
understand, see, wonder, find out, tell等。
It is no use/good doing sth.
There is no need to do sth.
It is+adj+to do sth.
1.(2022·全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步)40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___61___(journey)the Belt and Road route(路线)by foot.
61.【答案】to journey
【解析】考查非谓语动词。step前面有序数词first，应用不定式，作后置定语，故填to journey。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。
2.(2022·全国甲卷)Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ___70___(plan)to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
70.【答案】planning
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。动词plan意为“计划”，和谓语之间没有连词，和主语构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语，故填planning。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。
3.(2022·全国乙卷)It can help to build a community with a ___66___(share)future for mankind,” he said.
66.【答案】shared
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修饰名词future。因为动词share和名词future之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语，故填shared。句意：这有助于构建人类命运共同体。
4.(2022·全国乙卷)___68___(strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___69___(invite)twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
68.【答案】To strengthen
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。根据语境可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语，故填To strengthen。
69.【答案】inviting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语,表主动关系，故填inviting。句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行56小时不间断的直播。
5.(2022浙江1月卷)That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ___65___
(continue)the practice.
65.【答案】to continue
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这种做法使柯布去年的航空旅行减少了75%，她计划继续这种做法。动词plan后面跟动词不定式，plan to do sth“计划做”，故填to continue。
6.(2021·全国甲卷)It is possible ___43___(walk)or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
43.【答案】to walk
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为句型“it +be+adj+to do sth.”，it为形式主语，动词walk的不定式短语作真正主语，故填to walk。句意：步行或是骑自行车完成整个14公里的行程是是可能的。
7.(2021·全国甲卷)After ___64___(spend)some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
64.【答案】spending
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处After为介词，故spend应用其动名词形式作介词宾语，故填spending。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。
8.(2021·全国乙卷)Minimize the impact of ___67___(visit)the place.
67.【答案】visiting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据空格前介词of可知，空格处应填动名词作介词of的宾语，故填visiting。句意：最大限度地减少参观这个地方的影响。
9.(2021·全国乙卷)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim ___70___
(have)a low impact on the natural environment.
70.【答案】to have
【解析】考查非谓语动词。aim to do表示“旨在，目的是”，所以空处应用不定式形式，故填to have。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行和住宿的宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。
10.(2021浙江1月卷)This may be due to some disadvantages for people ___64___(live)in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
64.【答案】living
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词may be，故live用非谓语形式，它的逻辑主语是people，表主动关系，做定语，用现在分词形式，故填living。
说明：为了突出训练的针对性，笔者对原题进行了适当的改编。
1
(2024届安徽省部分学校高三下学期4月联考)Maze Fist, also known as Mi Zhong Quan, is a traditional martial art from China. It ___56___(know)for its clever footwork and advanced techniques.
Maze Fist masters use complex footwork ___57___ involves constantly changing directions and angles, ___58___(make)it hard for opponents to predict and attack. They are also skilled at tricking opponents with tricky movements and mis-directions. Besides its ___59___(effective)in fighting, Maze Fist also focuses on developing the mind and body. In fact, apart ___60___ improving physical strength, endurance and coordination, Maze Fist trainers also build discipline and concentration when practising.
Deeply ___61___(root)in Chinese culture and history, Maze Fist represents Chinese martial arts’ wisdom and philosophy, emphasizing the balance between body and mind. Practicing Maze Fist leads to personal growth and self-improvement. ___62___(master)Maze Fist, one needs dedication and continuous practice. It not only provides just a means ___63___(defend)oneself but also promotes one’s self-discipline, respect, and humility. And it offers both ___64___(practice)self-defense skills and a path to personal growth. All in all, ___65___ you are interested in martial arts or want an all-round approach to well-being, Maze Fist ensures you a rewarding experience.
【答案】
56. is known 57. that/which 58. making 59. effectiveness 60. from
61. rooted 62. To master 63. to defend 64. practical 65. whether
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的传统武术——迷踪拳的特点以及好处。
56.考查时态和时态。句意：它以其巧妙的步法和先进的技术而闻名。短语be known for表示“以……闻名”，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为It，谓语用单数，故填is known。
57.考查定语从句。句意：迷踪拳大师使用复杂的步法，包括不断改变方向和角度，使对手难以预测和攻击。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词footwork，指物，关系词替代先行词在从句作主语，用关系代词that/which，故填that/which。
58.考查非谓语动词。句意：迷踪拳大师使用复杂的步法，包括不断改变方向和角度，使对手难以预测和攻击。此处make是非谓语动词，该空后内容是前句造成的自然而然、意料之中的结果，故用现在分词形式作结果状语，故填making。
59.考查名词。句意：除了有效的战斗，迷踪拳也侧重于发展精神和身体。作介词的宾语，应用名词effectiveness，不可数，故填effectiveness。
60.考查介词。句意：事实上，除了提高体能、耐力和协调性外，迷踪拳训练师还在练习时培养纪律和专注力。短语apart from表示“除了”，故填from。
61.考查非谓语动词。句意：迷踪拳深深植根于中国文化和历史，代表了中国武术的智慧和哲学，强调身心的平衡。分析句子结构可知，非谓语动词root与逻辑主语Maze Fist构成被动关系，该空用过去分词形式作状语，故填rooted。
62.考查非谓语动词。句意：要掌握迷踪拳，一个人需要奉献和持续的练习。此处master作目的状语，应用
不定式形式，首字母大写，故填To master。
63.考查非谓语动词。句意：它不仅提供了一种保护自己的手段，而且还促进了一个人的自律、尊重和谦卑。a means to do sth.动词不定式作定语，故填to defend。
64.考查形容词。句意：它提供了实用的自卫技巧和个人成长的途径。修饰名词skills应用形容词practical作定语，故填practical。
65.考查固定用法。句意：总而言之，无论你是对武术感兴趣还是想要全面的健康方法，迷踪拳都能确保您获得有益的体验。句型whether…or…表示“无论是……还是……”，故填whether。
2
(2024届山东省高三第三次学业质量联合检测齐鲁三联)Yang Jiang was a well-known Chinese playwright, translator, and author. She belonged to ___56___ unique and beautiful existence in Chinese literature. She was the first Chinese academic ___57___(translate)Miguel de Cervantes’ Spanish novel Don Quixote to Chinese and at that time, her translation ___58___(honor)as the recreation of the original work ___59___ the basis of loyalty.
Yang was born into a rich family in 1911, originally ___60___(name)Yang Jikang. After eventually ___61___ (graduate)from Soochow University, she enrolled at the graduate school of Tsinghua University. She met her husband there, Qian Zhongshu, another acclaimed writer in China.
Other than translations, Yang ___62___(author)many plays, novels, and essays during her writing career. Her short novel Mr. Wang, ___63___(write)in 1984, was selected as an article in the textbook. In 1986, she got the Civil Order of Alfonso X the Wise, a famous Spanish civil order, for her ___64___(achieve)in Don Quixote. Her bestseller was We Three in 2003, ___65___ sales exceeded 180,000 copies in two months. Yang passed away in 2016, at the age of 105.
【答案】
56. a 57. to translate 58. was honored 59. on 60. named
61. graduating 62. authored 63. written 64. achievements 65. whose
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国著名的剧作家、翻译家和作家杨绛的生平。
56.考查冠词。句意：她属于中国文学中一个独特而美丽的存在。existence意为“存在”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，需用不定冠词，unique是以辅音音素开头的单词，因此要用a，故填a。
57.考查非谓语动词。句意：她是第一位将塞万提斯的西班牙语小说《唐吉诃德》翻译成中文的中国学者，在当时，她的翻译被誉为是在忠实的基础上对原作的再创造。分析句子可知，此处为the first…to do sth，意为“第一个做某事的……”，所以此处为动词不定式作后置定语，故填to translate。
58.考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：她是第一位将塞万提斯的西班牙语小说《唐吉诃德》翻译成中文的中国学者，在当时，她的翻译被誉为是在忠实的基础上对原作的再创造。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据时间状语at that time可知，本句应为一般过去时；又因主语translation和honor之间为被动关系，所以空处应为一般过去时的被动语态结构，translation在本句中看作单数，谓语动词为单数形式，故填was honored。
59.考查介词。句意：她是第一位将塞万提斯的西班牙语小说《唐吉诃德》翻译成中文的中国学者，在当时，
她的翻译被誉为是在忠实的基础上对原作的再创造。分析句子可知，此处为固定短语on the basis of“在……的基础之上”，故填on。
60.考查非谓语动词。句意：杨绛，1911年出生在一个富裕的家庭，原名杨季康。与其逻辑主语(即句子的主语Yang)存在逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词，故填named。
61.考查动名词。句意：最终从苏州大学毕业后，她进入了清华大学研究生院。由空前After为介词以及提示词为动词可知，此处为动名词形式，故填graduating。
62.考查动词时态。句意：除了翻译作品，她还创作了许多戏剧、小说和散文。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据语境可知，此处为陈述过去发生的事情，为一般过去时。author编写，创造，此处为动词，故填authored。
63.考查非谓语动词。句意：1984年出版的短篇小说《老王》被选入教材。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰novel，novel和write为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式，故填written。
64.考查名词。句意：1986年，由于她在《堂吉诃德》中的成就，她获得了西班牙著名的文艺勋章——智慧国王阿方索十世勋章。根据空前的for可知，此处为名词形式，又此处表示不止一个成就，因此用复数形式，故填achievements。
65.考查定语从句。句意：2003年，她的畅销书《我们仨》在两个月内销量超过18万册。分析句子可知，此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词We Three在从句中作sales的定语成分，用关系代词whose引导，故填whose。
3
(2024届广东省佛山市高三下学期二模)Trends popular among the youth such as “China chic” and the growing influence of young consumers have driven the development of hanfu industry in recent years. Among the various ___56___ (style), the horse face skirt has emerged as the most popular item.
___57___(combine)classical elegance with modern simplicity, the horse face skirt is said to perfectly suit the contemporary culture and lifestyle of young people, making ___58___ a fashion icon(标志). This trend has gained popularity in Luoyang city, Central China’s Henan province, ___59___ numerous performers recently showcased these beautiful skirts in their acts, with many visitors alike ___60___(dress)in the elegant horse face skirts. In Caoxian county of Shandong province, one of the country’s hanfu production and sales centers, the sales ___61___ the horse face skirts during last Spring Festival holiday increased dozens of times ___62___(compare)to usual volumes. Actually, the skirt has become a very popular ___63___(choose)for gifts.
The current popularity of hanfu in the country is believed ___64___(indicate)more than a fashion trend; it ___65___(represent)a deeper connection to Chinese tradition and cultural identity.
【答案】
56. styles bining 58. it 59. where 60. dressed
61. of 62. compared 63. choice 64. to indicate 65. represents
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国汉服马面裙在年轻人中很受欢迎的现象。
56.考查名词的数。句意：在各种款式中，马面裙已成为最受欢迎的单品。根据上文various可知style应用
复数形式，故填styles。
57.考查非谓语动词。句意：马面裙结合了古典的优雅和现代的简约，据说它非常适合当代年轻人的文化和生活方式，使其成为时尚偶像。分析句子结构可知combine与逻辑主语the horse face skirt构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，首字母大写，故填Combining。
58.考查代词。句意：马面裙结合了古典的优雅和现代的简约，据说它非常适合当代年轻人的文化和生活方式，使其成为时尚偶像。此处指代上文the horse face skirt，应用代词it，故填it。
59.考查定语从句。句意：这一潮流在中国中部河南省洛阳市流行起来，最近许多表演者在表演中展示了这种美丽的裙子，许多游客都穿着优雅的马面裙。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词Luoyang city，关系词在从句作地点状语，故填where。
60.考查非谓语动词。句意：这一潮流在中国中部河南省洛阳市流行起来，最近许多表演者在表演中展示了这种美丽的裙子，许多游客都穿着优雅的马面裙。短语be dressed in表示“穿着”，此处过去分词作宾补，故填dressed。
61.考查介词。句意：在全国汉服生产和销售中心之一的山东省曹县，去年春节期间马面裙的销量比平时增长了几十倍。此处sales与the horse face skirts构成所属关系，应用介词of，故填of。
62.考查非谓语动词。句意：在全国汉服生产和销售中心之一的山东省曹县，去年春节期间马面裙的销量比平时增长了几十倍。compare ... to ...的变式，与逻辑主语(即句子的主语sales)存在逻辑上的被动关系，故填compared。
63.考查名词。句意：事实上，这种裙子已经成为一种非常流行的礼物选择。作表语，根据上文不定冠词，故用单数名词choice，故填choice。
64.考查非谓语动词。句意：汉服在中国的流行被认为不仅仅是一种时尚趋势；它代表了与中国传统和文化认同的更深层次的联系。此处为短语be believed to do sth.表示“被认为……”，故填to indicate。
65.考查时态。句意：汉服在中国的流行被认为不仅仅是一种时尚趋势；它代表了与中国传统和文化认同的更深层次的联系。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为it，谓语用三单形式，故填represents。
4
(湖南省多校2023-2024学年高三下学期4月大联考)Everybody likes watching acrobats(杂技演员). The acts sometimes seem scary and dangerous, and there is thrill and wonder. ___56___ Chinese acrobatics troupes(表演团)travel internationally, they are not commonly seen by audiences outside the country. While in China you might want to see the ___57___(amaze)feats of balance and skill.
The acrobats developed their styles ___58___(base)on traditional ancient arts such as dance, theater, martial arts, and magic shows and they are distinctive and incorporate traditional skills and physical exercises. Chinese acrobats tend to emphasize balance and extreme ___59___(flexible)more than the troupes do in Russia or the West. This might be due to the influence of martial arts styles. Chinese acrobats ___60___(intensive)practice timing and coordination. The individual performers practice to cooperate precisely. They use martial arts skills in ___61___ thrilling and sometimes comedic fashion. The Beijing Red Theater’s “Legend of Kungfu” show is an example.
Many of the shows will have traditional Chinese music that is recorded or performed live by musicians ___62___(play)traditional instruments. The costumes or the themes may ___63___(draw)from a familiar opera. The acrobats may perform scenes from popular legends, stories, ___64___ novels of the ancient past such as The Monkey King. You might not recognize the story or the music, but you’ll still enjoy the sound, color, and ___65___(usual)costumes.
【答案】
56. Though/Although/While 57. amazing 58. based 59. flexibility 60. intensively
61. a 62. playing 63. be drawn 64. or 65. unusual
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国杂技团的发展和现状。
56.考查状语从句。句意：尽管中国杂技团会出国巡演，但国外观众并不常见到他们。分析句子结构和意思可知，空处需要连词though/although/while，表示“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Though/Although/While。
57.考查形容词(现在分词充当形容词)。句意：在中国的时候，你可能会想观看那些令人惊叹的平衡和技巧表演。空处需要用形容词amazing，意为“令人惊叹的”，修饰名词feats，故填amazing。
58.考查非谓语动词。句意：杂技演员在舞蹈、戏剧、武术和魔术表演等古代传统艺术的基础上发展了他们的风格，他们与众不同，融合了传统技能和体育锻炼。此处考查固定搭配be based on，意为“在……基础上”，作定语，用过去分词=which is based on ...，故填based。
59.考查名词。句意：与俄罗斯或西方的表演团相比，中国杂技演员往往更注重平衡和极端的灵活性。分析句子结构可知，空处需要名词flexibility，表示“灵活性”，作动词emphasize的宾语，故填flexibility。
60.考查副词。句意：中国杂技演员集中练习时间和协调。分析句子结构可知，空处需要副词intensively修饰动词practice，故填intensively。
61.考查固定短语。句意：他们以一种激动人心、有时甚至是滑稽的方式运用武术技巧。此处考查固定短语in a ... fashion，意为“以……的方式”，故填a。
62.考查非谓语动词。句意：许多演出将有中国传统音乐，由演奏传统乐器的音乐家现场录制或表演。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，动词play是被修饰的名词musicians主动发出的动作，用现在分词形式表示主动，作后置定语，故填playing。
63.考查谓语动词。句意：服装或主题可能取自一部熟悉的歌剧。分析句子结构可知，空处作句子谓语，动词draw和主语The costumes or the themes是动宾关系，用被动语态，空格前面是情态动词may，be动词用原形，故填be drawn。
64.考查连词。句意：杂技演员可能会表演古代流行的传说、故事或小说中的场景，比如《西游记》。根据语意可知，空处需用并列连词or，表示前后几个名词的选择关系，故填or。
65.考查形容词。句意：你可能不熟悉故事和音乐，但你还是会喜欢那些声音、色彩和不寻常的服饰。根据语意可知，空处需用形容词unusual，意为“不同寻常的”，修饰后面的名词costumes，故填unusual。
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(2024届浙江省金华十校高三下学期4月模拟)Going on a vacation might seem like a rather unconventional way to try ___56___(improve)your sleep habits, but sleep tourism has been growing in popularity for a number of years, with an increasing amount of sleep-focused ___57___(stay)popping up in hotels and resorts(度假胜地)across the world.
In fact, interest ___58___(increase)since the pandemic, with a number of hotels focusing their attention on those ___59___(suffer)from sleep-deprivation(剥夺). Over the past 12 months, Park Hyatt New York has opened the Bryte Restorative Sleep Suite(套房), ___60___ 800-square-foot suite filled with sleep-enhancing facilities, while Rosewood Hotels Resorts recently launched a collection of retreats(休养处), ___61___ are designed to “promote rest”.
The global pandemic appears ___62___(play)a huge part in this. A study published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine found that 60% of the over 2,500 adults who took part reported a reduction ___63___ their sleep quality since the start of the pandemic.
But can short term sleep-focused travel experiences actually have a long term impact on a person’s overall sleep According to Dr. Robbins, a sleep researcher and co-author of the book Sleep for Success, travel experiences centered around “healthy sleep strategies” that aim to supply guests with the tools they need to improve their sleep ___64___(be)hugely beneficial.
“The concept of travel actually allowing you to return home ___65___(refresh)is a really exciting proposition,” she adds.
【答案】
56. to improve 57. stays 58. has increased 59. suffering 60. an
61. which 62. to have played 63. in 64. are 65. refreshed
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了日渐火爆的“睡眠旅行”。
56.考查非谓语动词。句意：去度假似乎是一种相当非常规的改善睡眠习惯的方式，但睡眠旅游多年来一直越来越受欢迎，世界各地的酒店和度假村越来越多地出现了以睡眠为中心的住宿。try to do sth.结构，故填to improve。
57.考查名词。句意：去度假似乎是一种相当非常规的改善睡眠习惯的方式，但睡眠旅游多年来一直越来越受欢迎，世界各地的酒店和度假村越来越多地出现了以睡眠为中心的住宿。此空前面是一个复合形容词，这里应该用名词形式。an amount of可以修饰可数，也可以修饰不可数名词，这里stay是可数名词，应用复数，故填stays。
58.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：事实上，自疫情爆发以来，人们的兴趣有所增加，一些酒店将注意力集中在那些睡眠不足的人身上。句中有时间状语since the pandemic，应用完成时。另外，句子主语是interest，一个不可数名词，谓语应用单数形式，故填has increased。
59.考查非谓语动词。句意：事实上，自疫情爆发以来，人们的兴趣有所增加，一些酒店将注意力集中在那些睡眠不足的人身上。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰those，those和suffer为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式，故填suffering。
60.考查不定冠词。句意：在过去的12个月里，纽约柏悦酒店(Park Hyatt New York)开设了一间800平方英尺的“Bryte恢复性睡眠套房”(Bryte Restorative Sleep Suite)，里面配备了增强睡眠的设施，而瑰丽酒店度假村(Rosewood Hotels Resorts)最近推出了一系列旨在“促进休息”的度假村。根据句意可知，此处为泛指“一间800平方英尺的套房”，结合空后为800-square-foot suite，第一个音素为元音音素，应用an，故填an。
61.考查定语从句。句意：在过去的12个月里，纽约柏悦酒店(Park Hyatt New York)开设了一间800平方英尺的“Bryte恢复性睡眠套房”(Bryte Restorative Sleep Suite)，里面配备了增强睡眠的设施，而瑰丽酒店度假村(Rosewood Hotels Resorts)最近推出了一系列旨在“促进休息”的度假村。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词a collection of retreats在从句中作主语成分，故填which。
62.考查非谓语动词。句意：全球流行病似乎在这方面发挥了巨大作用。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语appear to do“似乎做某事”，虽然所在句子中没有时间状语，但从上下文的意思来看，这里应该指“全球疫情好像已经起到了巨大作用”，所以此处为不定式的完成式，故填to have played。
63.考查介词。句意：发表在《临床睡眠医学杂志》上的一项研究发现，在2500多名参与研究的成年人中，有60%的人报告说，自疫情开始以来，他们的睡眠质量有所下降。分析句子可知，此处为take part in是一个固定搭配，意为“参加、参与”，故填in。
64.考查动词时态。句意：以“健康睡眠策略”为中心的旅行体验，旨在为客人提供他们需要的改善睡眠的工具，对他们非常有益。根据句子结构判断，句中主语是travel experiences，一个复数名词。上下文中的时态是一般现在时，故填are。
65.考查形容词(过去分词充当形容词)。句意：旅行的概念实际上能让你精神焕发地回家，这是一个非常令人兴奋的提议，她补充道。分析句子可知，此处为形容词作状语，refreshed“精神焕发”，满足句意要求，故填refreshed。
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(2024届江西省萍乡市高三下学期二模)In front of a packed hall at the Kennedy Center in Washington, DC, on Friday, dancer Hao Ruoqi ___56___(graceful)moved across the stage as she waved her sword against her opponent. Hao, playing ___57___(play)the heroine Hua Mulan, was the star of Ningbo Performing Arts Group’s Chinese dance drama Mulan.
Based on the beloved folklore of family devotion, loyalty and love, Mulan tells the tale of a young woman in ancient China who disguises herself as a man ___58___(take)her father’s place in the army.
This modern interpretation re-imagines the classic tale of the ___59___(distinguish)female Chinese warrior Hua Mulan through remarkable and compelling dance numbers and exquisite music, ___60___(explore)the themes of self-identity and empowerment.
Hao, a member of the China National Opera and Dance Drama Theater, said there might be a thousand ___61___(version)or Mulan in a thousand people’s eyes, but there are things common to the audience ___62___ the cultural and geographical differences. “I think the love and peace brought out from Mulan is understandable and acceptable both in China and the United States,” she told China Daily.
Lisa Richards Toney, president and chief executive officer of the Association of Performing Arts Professionals, said ___63___ impressed her was the true warrior spirit that Mulan displayed ___64___ her love for humanity.
The story of Hua Mulan ___65___(inspire)numerous productions in the globe over centuries, including Disney’s 1998 animated film and 2020 live-action movie.
【答案】
56. gracefully 57. the 58. to take 59. distinguished 60. exploring
61. versions 62. despite 63. what 64. and 65. has inspired/has been inspiring
【语篇导读】这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了周五，在华盛顿肯尼迪中心拥挤的大厅前，舞者郝若琦优雅地穿过舞台，向对手挥舞着剑。郝饰演女主角花木兰，是宁波演艺集团中国舞剧《花木兰》的明星。
56.考查副词。句意：周五，在华盛顿肯尼迪中心拥挤的大厅前，舞者郝若琦优雅地穿过舞台，向对手挥舞着剑。修饰动词move应用副词gracefully，故填gracefully。
57.考查非谓语动词。句意：郝饰演女主角花木兰，是宁波演艺集团中国舞剧《花木兰》的明星。后面出现了系动词was，此处应用非谓语动词，又与逻辑主语(句子的主语Hao)存在逻辑上的主动关系，用现在分词，故填playing。
58.考查非谓语动词。句意：《花木兰》改编自脍脍人口的关于家庭奉献、忠诚和爱情的民间传说，讲述了中国古代一位年轻女子乔装男装接替父亲从军的故事。此处take在句中作目的状语，应用不定式，故填to take。
59.考查形容词。句意：这个现代的诠释通过引人注目的舞蹈数字和精致的音乐重新想象了中国杰出女战士花木兰的经典故事，探索了自我认同和赋权的主题。修饰名词female应用形容词distinguished，故填distinguished。
60.考查非谓语动词。句意：这个现代的诠释通过引人注目的舞蹈数字和精致的音乐重新想象了中国杰出女战士花木兰的经典故事，探索了自我认同和赋权的主题。分析句子结构可知explore与逻辑主语interpretation构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故填exploring。
61.考查名词的数。句意：郝是中国国家歌舞剧剧院的一名成员，他说，一千人眼中可能有一千种版本的花木兰，但尽管文化和地域不同，观众还是有共同之处的。根据上文a thousand可知version应用复数形式，故填versions。
62.考查介词。句意：郝是中国国家歌舞剧剧院的一名成员，他说，一千人眼中可能有一千种版本的花木兰，但尽管文化和地域不同，观众还是有共同之处的。表示“尽管”应用介词despite，故填despite。
63.考查宾语从句。句意：表演艺术专业协会主席兼首席执行官丽莎·理查兹·托尼说，木兰所表现出的真正的战士精神和她对人类的爱给她留下了深刻的印象。引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，应用what，故填what。
64.考查连词。句意：表演艺术专业协会主席兼首席执行官丽莎·理查兹·托尼说，木兰所表现出的真正的战士精神和她对人类的爱给她留下了深刻的印象。结合前后文语境可知为并列关系，应用连词and，故填
and。
65.考查时态。句意：几个世纪以来，花木兰的故事激发了全球众多作品的灵感，包括迪斯尼1998年的动画电影和2020年的真人电影。根据后文over centuries可知用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，主语为The story of Hua Mulan，助动词用has，故填has inspired /has been inspiring。
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(2024届甘肃省白银市高三第三次联考)An exhibition of zodiac(生肖)sculptures, ___56___(call)Peak Life and Water, opened in Chengdu, Southwest China’s Sichuan Province on Saturday.
The 12 zodiac signs are traditionally used in Chinese culture ___57___(mark)each year. Each zodiac sign also corresponds to twelve hours in the day. In addition ___58___ the traditional calendar function, the 12 zodiac signs are also a kind of folk custom and culture, ___59___ reflects Chinese people’s understanding of the year.
Each sculpture ___60___(base)on a single zodiac animal. For example, the tiny golden birds ___61___ (stand)on the head of an ox remind visitors of birds settling on an ox, chewing the worms they have just captured. In another, a monkey balances ___62___ golden peach on the head. For the dragon sculpture, a golden and glorious ball floats in front of the intimidating dragon.
The expressions of these zodiac sculptures are vivid but calm. Some of them seem to be resting, content in their mediation. Only the snake has ___63___(it)eyes open. If you see a snake’s eyes are closed, that ___64___
(mean)it is in hibernation(冬眠). The elegant and exquisite modelling has delighted visitors so much that even before the opening ceremony of the exhibition, some collectors expressed a desire ___65___(buy)the sculptures.
【答案】
56. called 57. to mark 58. to 59. which 60. is based
61. standing 62. a 63. its 64. means 65. to buy
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了12生肖的相关信息。
56.考查非谓语动词。句意：周六，一场名为“巅峰生命与水”的生肖雕塑展在中国西南部四川省成都市开幕。空处为非谓语动词，An exhibition of zodiac(生肖)sculptures与call在逻辑上是被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，故填called。
57.考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国传统文化中，十二生肖是用来标志每一年的。此处为be used to do sth.结构，……被用来做，故填to mark。
58.考查介词。句意：除了传统的历法功能外，十二生肖也是一种民俗和文化，它反映了中国人对年的理解。固定短语in addition to“除了”，to是介词，故填to。
59.考查定语从句。句意：除了传统的历法功能外，十二生肖也是一种民俗和文化，它反映了中国人对年的理解。此处是非限定性定语从句，关系词指代前面的整个句子，作定语从句的主语，应用关系代词which引导，故填which。
60.考查动词时态及主谓一致。句意：每个雕塑都是基于一个生肖动物。固定短语be based on“以……为基础”，句子陈述事实，应用一般现在时，主语是单数，be动词使用is，故填is based。
61.考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，站在牛头上的金色小鸟让游客想起栖息在牛身上的鸟儿，咀嚼着它们刚
刚捕获的虫子。空处为非谓语动词，the tiny golden birds与stand在逻辑上是主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语，故填standing。
62.考查冠词。句意：在另一幅画中，一只猴子在头上顶着一个金桃。此处泛指“一个金桃”，且golden以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a，故填a。
63.考查代词。句意：只有蛇是睁着眼睛的。此处修饰名词eyes，应用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。
64.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：如果你看到蛇的眼睛是闭着的，那就意味着它在冬眠。句子陈述事实，应用一般现在时，主语为that，谓语为单数形式，故填means。
65.考查非谓语动词。句意：优雅精致的造型让参观者非常高兴，甚至在展览开幕式之前，一些收藏家就表达了购买这些雕塑的愿望。desire后常用动词不定式，作后置定语，故填to buy。
8
(2024届陕西省安康市汉滨区高三联考)The underwater photography exhibition titled “Chasing Dreams in Dark Blue”is ___56___(current)taking place at the National Art Museum of China in Beijing. The exhibition marks the museum’s first-ever ocean underwater photography display, ___57___(feature)a collection of 60 attractive pieces by Yue Hongjun, a winner of the Golden Statue Award for China Photography, ___58___ highest award for photographers in the country. The showcased photos vividly show the vibrancy(活力)of ocean species and convey the ecological concept of ___59___(protect)the ocean.
As an enterpriser, Yue is deeply passionate about both the ocean ___60___ photography. His commitment extends beyond business, as he actively participates ___61___ public welfare activities. He has chosen photography as a powerful medium to call for more people to safeguard the ocean and its inhabitants. Over the course of a decade, he ___62___(dive)over 700 times in these regions from South America to North America and from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean. One remarkable achievement of ___63___(he)is the pioneering description of the flying image of Dunhuang in China at a ___64___(deep)of 30 meters within a South American underwater cave. He is also the first photographer ___65___(achieve)China’s Golden Statue Award as well as the fellowship of The Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain for his ocean-themed photographs.
【答案】
56. currently 57. featuring 58. the 59. protecting 60. and
61. in 62. has dived 63. his 64. depth 65. to have achieved
【语篇导读】这是一篇新闻报道。名为“深蓝色追梦”的水下摄影展目前正在北京中国美术馆举行。此次展览是该馆首次举办海洋水下摄影展览，展出了岳红军的60幅迷人的作品。
56.考查副词。句意：名为“深蓝色追梦”的水下摄影展目前正在北京中国美术馆举行。副词currently修饰动词，故填currently。
57.考查非谓语动词。句意：此次展览是该馆首次举办海洋水下摄影展览，展出了岳红军的60幅迷人的作品，岳红军是中国摄影金像奖的获得者，这是中国摄影师的最高奖项。先行词为The exhibition，与feature在逻辑上是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故填featuring。
58.考查冠词。句意：此次展览是该馆首次举办海洋水下摄影展览，展出了岳红军的60幅迷人的作品，岳红
军是中国摄影金像奖的获得者，这是中国摄影师的最高奖项。最高级前用定冠词the，故填the。
59.考查非谓语动词。句意：展出的照片生动地展示了海洋物种的活力，传达了保护海洋的生态理念。介词后面用动名词作其宾语，故填protecting。
60.考查连词。句意：作为一名企业家，他对海洋和摄影都充满了热情。海洋、摄影为并列关系，用and连接，故填and。
61.考查介词。句意：除了商业，他还积极参与公益活动。participate in“参加” 为固定短语，故填in。
62.考查时态。句意：在过去的十年中，从南美到北美，从太平洋到印度洋，他在这些地区潜水了700多次。根据“Over the course of a decade”可知，本句为现在完成时，故填has dived。
63.考查代词。句意：他的一个显著成就是开创性地描述了中国敦煌在南美洲水下洞穴30米深处的飞行图像。of后接名词性物主代词作宾语，故填his。
64.考查名词。句意：他的一个显著成就是开创性地描述了中国敦煌在南美洲水下洞穴30米深处的飞行图像。at后接名词depth作宾语，故填depth。
65.考查非谓语动词。句意：他也是第一位已获得中国金像奖和英国皇家摄影学会会员的摄影师，他的海洋主题摄影作品。the+序数词+动词不定式(作后置定语)，且表示已经获得，用动词不定式的完成时，故填to have achieved。
9
(2024届湖南省新高考教学教研联盟高三下学期第二次联考)Jiangsu, known for its unique blend of innovation and preservation, is a true treasure. I was ___56___(incredible)fortunate to journey through the cities of Suzhou and Nanjing, both of which left me fascinated with their true impressiveness and eagerly ___57___(long)to explore further.
My first stop was Suzhou. ___58___(engage)myself in the local industrial atmosphere, I chose a hotel in the “industrial park”, ___59___ the coexistence of advanced manufacturing and natural beauty was most evident, as it was situated on the edge of a scenic lake, embraced by a vibrant landscape. As I adventured into the heart of the city, the Old Town’s ancient waterways led me on an ___60___(explore)of history, and the classical gardens offered a glimpse into a ___61___(story)past. However, what truly amazed me was the “energy of Suzhou” ___62___(represent)by its people who have enormous respect for their city’s time-honored history as well as an innovative eye on the future.
Actually, the mindset of modernization with deep respect for the past isn’t only unique to Suzhou ___63___ an indicative factor of Nanjing. High-rises decorate the city’s skyline, creating a distinct contrast ___64___ the ancient neighborhoods, temples, and buildings that ___65___(occupy)previously by people. I never anticipated my expectations would be blown out of the water by “A tale of two cities”.
【答案】
56. incredibly 57. longing 58. To engage 59. where 60. exploration
61. storied 62. represented 63. but 64. to/with 65. were occupied
【语篇导读】这是一篇记叙文。文章描述了作者在江苏省苏州和南京这两座城市的旅行体验，展示了这两
座城市如何在创新与保护传统之间找到独特的平衡。
56.考查副词。句意：我非常幸运地穿越了苏州和南京，这两个城市都让我着迷于它们真正令人印象深刻的地方，并渴望进一步探索。修饰形容词fortunate应用副词，故填incredibly。
57.考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。动词left后接复合宾语，动词long和宾语me之间是主动关系，应用其现在分词作宾语补足语，故填longing。
58.考查非谓语动词。句意：为了融入当地的工业氛围，我选择了一家位于“工业园区”的酒店，在这里，先进的制造业与自然美景的共存最为明显，因为它坐落在风景秀丽的湖边，周围环绕着充满活力的景观。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了”。句首字母大写，故填To engage。
59.考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为the “industrial park”，根据句意，应用关系副词where引导从句，作地点状语，故填where。
60.考查名词。句意：当我大胆探索进入城市中心时，老城区古老的水道带领我探索历史，古典花园让我得以一瞥历史悠久的过去。根据前文on an可知，此处应用其名词单数作介词宾语，故填exploration。
61.考查形容词(过去分词充当形容词)。句意：当我大胆探索进入城市中心时，老城区古老的水道带领我探索历史，古典花园让我得以一瞥历史悠久的过去。修饰名词应用其过去分词转化的形容词storied“有故事的，有名的，传奇的”作定语，故填storied。
62.考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，真正让我惊讶的是苏州人所代表的“苏州活力”，他们对这座城市悠久的历史有着极大的尊重，对未来有着创新的眼光。与被修饰的词the “energy of Suzhou”存在逻辑上的被动关系，后文by短语为证，故填represented。
63.考查连词。句意：事实上，这种对过去的深深尊重的现代化思维不仅是苏州独有的，也是南京的一个指示性因素。not…but“不仅……还”是固定搭配，故填but。
64.考查介词。句意：高层建筑装饰着城市的天际线，与以前被人类占据的古老社区、寺庙和建筑形成鲜明的对比。contrast to/with“与……形成鲜明对比”是固定搭配，故填to/with。
65.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：同上。动词occupy和主语之间是被动关系，根据句意可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态。定语从句中主语that指代先行词the ancient neighborhoods, temples, and buildings，是复数，主谓一致，故填were occupied。
10
(2024届浙江省绍兴市高三下学期4月二模)To write his own medical text, Li Shizhen referenced over 800 medical texts, countless books on history and geography, and works of literature. He even studied the complete works of many ancient poets, from ___56___ he selected a surprising number of verses about medicine. However, the greatest issue he encountered was the widespread ___57___(inconsistent)in the use of drug names. ___58___(realise)the importance of field research outweighed that of extensive reading, in 1565 Li travelled far and wide into the mountains and wilderness. He covered what are today’s provinces of Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui and Jiangsu, and many other places.
After over a decade of field research, Li ___59___(successful)completed the first draft of his masterpiece,
Bencao Gangmu, or the Compendium of Materia Medica in 1578. He revised ___60___ work at least three times right up until his death in 1593.
Since its first publication in 1596, the book ___61___(receive)world-wide recognition. British naturalist Charles Darwin acknowledged the book ___62___ an “ancient Chinese encyclopedia.” In 2011, the book ___63___(list)on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register. In 2017, an international conference was held in Beijing ___64___(celebrate)Li’s 500th birthday.
Today, there are a ___65___(grow)number of international exchanges centering on Li Shizhen and his book, and many people around the world can still find the wisdom of human development in this ancient classic.
【答案】
56. which 57. inconsistency 58. Realising 59. successfully 60. the
61. has received 62. as 63. was listed 64. to celebrate 65. growing
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。这篇文章主要讲述了中国古代医学家李时珍撰写《本草纲目》的经历和该书
的广泛影响。
56.考查定语从句。句意：他甚至研究了许多古代诗人的全集，从中挑选了数量惊人的关于医学的诗句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是ancient poets，在从句中作宾语，用which引导，故填which。
57.考查名词。句意：然而，他遇到的最大问题是药品名称的使用普遍不一致。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作表语，inconsistent的名词形式是inconsistency，为不可数名词，故填inconsistency。
58.考查非谓语动词。句意：李意识到实地考察的重要性超过了广泛阅读的重要性，于是在1565年跋山涉水。与其逻辑主语(即句子的主语Li)存在逻辑上的主动关系，又位于句首，故填Realising。
59.考查副词。句意：经过十多年的实地研究，李时珍于1578年成功完成了他的杰作《本草纲目》的初稿。空处修饰空后的动词，应该用副词修饰，故填successfully。
60.考查冠词。句意：他在1593年去世前至少修改了三次。空后的work特指上文提到的Bencao Gangmu，所以空处应用定冠词修饰，故填the。
61.考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：自1596年首次出版以来，这本书得到了全世界的认可。receive作本句谓语，根据标志词since可知，用现在完成时，主语是the book为第三人称单数，故填has received。
62.考查介词。句意：英国博物学家查尔斯·达尔文称此书为“中国古代百科全书”。此处是固定搭配：acknowledge...as意为“承认……是……”，故填as。
63.考查动词语态和时态。句意：2011年，《本草纲目》被列入联合国教科文组织《世界记忆名录》。list作本句谓语，和主语the book之间是被动关系，用被动语态，根据时间状语In 2011，用一般过去时，主语为第三人称单数，故填was listed。
64.考查非谓语动词。句意：2017年，一场国际会议在北京举行，以庆祝李时珍的500岁生日。本句已有谓语动词was held，所以celebrate用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处表目的，用不定式作目的状语，故填to celebrate。
65.考查形容词(现在分词充当形容词)。句意：今天，以李时珍和他的著作为中心的国际交流越来越多，世
界上许多人仍然可以从这部古老的经典中找到人类发展的智慧。空处修饰空后的名词number，应用形容词作定语，growing“增加的”，形容词，故填growing。02-1重点语法之非谓语动词
以下真题，如果你做起来略感费劲或错误率比较高，说明你在非谓语动词语法知识方面存在比较大的漏洞。
1.(2024年浙江1月卷)However, if you’re shopping for one, buying extra ___56___(benefit)from price reductions doesn’t make sense.
2.(2024年浙江1月卷)If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last two years, some supermarkets ___62___(start)selling chicken or salad in packs ___63___(design)with two halves containing separate portions(份).
3.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)To eat one, you have to decide whether ___57___(bite)a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill(溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
4.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them ___61___(lift)out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents.
5.(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ___65___(want)more next time.
6.(2023浙江1月卷)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ___58___(surround)in concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City.
7.(2023全国甲卷)For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言)___61___(teach)a lesson or to pass on wisdom.
8.(2023全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins, ___65___(borrow)some familiar words from many age-old fables.
9.(2023全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message ___66___(intend)for everyone.
10.(2023全国乙卷)Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums, narrow hutong to royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully ___62___(build)system of ring roads.
11.(2023全国乙卷)___66___(visit)several times over the last 10 years, I ___67___(amaze)by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产)while constantly growing.
12.(2023全国乙卷)As a photographer, I have spent the last two years ___68___(record)everything I discovered.
纵观下列《译林牛津2020版教材语法一览表》，考生可以发现教材用了好大的篇幅(必修三的三个单元和选择性必修一的四个单元)来处理非谓语动词的语法知识，说明这一块既是重点，也是难点，对照高考，考情也的确如此。
译林牛津2020版教材语法一览表
教 材 单 元 语法内容
必修一 Unit 1 Sentence elements and sentence structures(句子成分与句子结构)
Unit 2 Simple, compound and complex sentences(简单句、并列句与主从复合句)
Unit 3 Restrictive relative clauses with relative pronouns(关系代词引导的限制性定语从句)
Unit 4 Restrictive relative clauses with relative adverbs(由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句)
必修二 Unit 1 Subject-verb agreement(主谓一致)
Unit 2 Passive voice in thepresent continuous andpresent perfect tenses (现在进行时和现在完成时的被动语态)
Unit 3 Future in the past(过去将来时)
Unit 4 Modal verbs(情态动词)
必修三 Unit 1 Ellipsis(省略)
Unit 2 To-infinitives as attributives and adverbials of result(动词不定式做定语和结果状语)
Unit 3 Verb-ing forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements (动词-ing形式做定语、状语和宾语补足语)
Unit 4 Verb-ed forms as attributives, adverbials and object complements (动词-ed形式做定语、状语和宾语补足语)
选择性 必修一 Unit 1 To-infinitive s as subjects and predicatives(动词不定式做主语和表语)
Unit 2 Verb-ing forms as subjects and objects(动词-ing形式做主语和宾语)
Unit 3 Verb-ing and verb-edforms as predicatives(动词-ing形式和动词-ed 形式做表语)
Unit 4 Overview of to-infinitives, verb-ing and verb-ed forms(复习和运用非谓语动词形式)
选择性 必修二 Unit 1 Past perfect tense(过去完成时)
Unit 2 Passive voice in the past continuous and past perfect tenses (过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态)
Unit 3 Present perfect continuous tense(现在完成进行时)
Unit 4 Future continuous tense(将来进行时)
选择性 必修三 Unit 1 Non-restrictive relative clauses(非限制性定语从句)
Unit 2 Subject clauses(主语从句)
Unit 3 Predicative clauses(表语从句)
Unit 4 Appositive clauses(同位语从句)
选择性 必修四 Unit 1 Overview of adverbial clauses(复习状语从句)
Unit 2 Overview of relative clauses(复习定语从句)
Unit 3 Overview of noun clauses(复习名词性从句)
Unit 4 Analysis of complicated sentences(分析复杂句)
拓展创新学程 第一册 Unit 1 Inversion(倒装)
Unit 2 Emphasis(强调)
Unit 3 Subjunctive mood(1):unreal conditionals(虚拟语气Ⅰ：条件句)
Unit 4 Subjunctive mood(II): other cases(虚拟语气Ⅱ：其他情况)
拓展创新学程 第二册 Unit 1 Linking words(连接词语)
Unit 2 The elements of a paragraph(段落基本要素)
Unit 3 The development of a text(篇章结构)
Unit 4 Language styles(语言文体)
拓展创新学程 第三册 Unit 1 Simile and metaphor(明喻和暗喻)
Unit 2 Idioms(习语)
Unit 3 Euphermism(委婉语)
Unit 4 Allusion(典故)
做一做下列题目，看看有没有问题。若有问题，诊断一下所出问题的症结何在。
1.The Forbidden City, also ________(refer)to as the Palace Museum in the modern days, is located in the heart of Beijing.
2.The tablet, ________(find)in Jindong Village, measures 1.4 meters high, 0.61 meters wide, and 0.14 meters thick.
3.A stone tablet(牌匾)________(date)back to the year 1693, which falls within the Qing Dynasty(1644—1911), was discovered in Daming County, north China’s Hebei Province, said local authorities.
4.As an expert for in thie field, people have asked me if having a shy personality is something we are born with or if it’s something we develop ________(base)on our experiences.
5.So far, Shandong has launched many cultural tourism projects, making great progress in digging into the culture
and value of the Yellow River ________(boost)the high-quality development of the region.
6.________(root)in Dongying, the opera has become extremely popular among tourists.
7.In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, twenty-four emperors lived here ________(rule)China for nearly 500 years.
8.The route was firstly created by an envoy called Zhang Qian assigned by the king of Han Dynasty to deliver gifts that was mainly silk for those local loads in west China area ________(hold)their loyalty.
9.There being many choices of ________(package)Luosifen these days, people can easily prepare their favorite version at home.
【易错归因】不关注上下文句子成分的分析，思维定势，一看到介词后就用动词ing形式而误填packaging。
10.From the late 13th until 19th century, with the highest section built and the overall length ________(shorten), the Canal was turned into a main passage between northern and southern China as well as the economic lifeline of the country.
要准确填对上述各题，几乎无一例外的要借助正确分析句子结构，否则，就有可能出错。由此，笔者以为，需要帮助考生补一补句法知识(回归教材必修一Unit1句子成分与句子结构和Unit 2简单句、并列句与主从复合句)。
一、句法知识整体一览
二、句法知识几点说明
1.组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分主要有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语、补足语、独立成分(感叹词、呼语和插入语)等。构成句子的主体部分是主语和谓语。表语、宾语和补足语是谓语的组成部分。其它成分如定语、同位语、状语等是句子的次要部分。
2.补足语又分为(在主动语态中)宾语补足语和(在被动语态中)主语补足语。
I heard her singing the song this time yesterday.
She was heard singing the this time yesterday.
3.there be句型实际上是主系表结构的倒装。可以用exist, go, lie, live, seem/appear, stand, remain等词
替代be动词。
There exists no air on the moon.
There lives an old man at the foot of the mountain.
There seems to be something wrong about it.
4.双宾语：动词后面跟双宾语时通常是间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。但是，可以通过介词(通常用to或for)把间接宾语挪后。
I will lend you some books.=I will lend some books to you.
You’d better give me some good advice.=You’d better give some good advice to me.
My close friends bought me a Barbie doll.=My close friends bought a Barbie doll for me.
三、非谓语动词的变形
过去分词就一种形式，而不定式和动词的v-ing还有其它形式的变化。
非谓语 构成
时态 语态 复合结构(其逻 否定式
辑主语表示法)
主动 被动
不定式 一般式 to do to be done for sb. to do sth. 或 of sb. to do sth. 在“to”前加not 或never
进行式 to be doing /
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing /
动名词 一般式 doing being done sb.或sb’s doing 作主语要用 sb’s doing 在前加not 特别注意复合结构的否定式： sb’s not doing sb’s not having done
完成式 having done having been done
现在分词 与动名词变化形式相同 / 在前加not
特别强调：考生需要了解不定式和动词的v-ing变形后的用法。
1.非谓语动词作定语
分类 形式 与被修饰词的逻辑关系 与谓语动作的时间关系
不定式 to do 主动关系 在谓语动作前或者后发生
to be done 被动关系 在谓语动作后发生
现在 分词 doing 主动关系 与谓语动作同时进行
being done 被动关系 与谓语动作同时进行
过去 分词 done 被动关系 在谓语动作之前发生
存在的状态或情况
2.非谓语动词作补足语
非谓语 与句子宾语的逻辑关系 与句子谓语动作的时间关系
不定式 主动关系 ①在谓语动词后发生 ②不带to的不定式表示动作的全过程或是表 示经常性的动作
现在分词 主动关系 同时进行
过去分词 被动关系 动作已经完成或表示状态
3.非谓语动词作状语
非谓语 与逻辑主语(即句子的主语)的关系 与谓语动作的时间关系
doing(一般式) 主动关系 (几乎)与谓语动作同时进行
having done(完成式) 主动关系 先于谓语动作发生
having been done(完成被动) 被动关系 先于谓语动作发生
done(过去分词) 被动关系 已经在过去发生或是 不十分强调时间概念
四、非谓语动词的功能
所能充当的成分 主语 表语 宾语 宾语(主语)补足语 定语 插入语(独立成分)
V-ing形式 现在分词 / ● ● ● ●
动名词 ● ● ● / ● /
不定式(to do) ● ● ● ● ● ●
过去分词(done) / ● ● ● ●
注：常见作独立成分的非谓语动词
to tell you the truth(实话说)，needless to say(不用说)，to be honest/frank(老实说，坦白说)，to be more exact(更确切地说)，to make things worse(更糟的是)，not to mention(更不用说)，generally/frankly/ roughly/strictly/personally speaking(一般说来/坦白说/粗略地说/严格地说/就个人而言)
五、非谓语动词的解题
如果提示词为动词，首先要分析句子结构判断是不是词性转换；其次要分析句子结构判断是谓语还是非谓语。如果确定是填非谓语动词，则要判断非谓语动词在句中所充当的成分，接着要考虑以下因素来确定非谓语动词的具体形式而搞定答案。
1.找准逻辑主语
当非谓语动词在句中作状语→句子的主语一般为非谓语动词的逻辑主语；
当非谓语动词在句中作定语→它所修饰的名词或代词一般为非谓语动词的逻辑主语；
当非谓语动词在句中作宾语补足语→宾语一般为非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
2.依据关系解题
非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间构成的两种关系为：
主谓关系→一般为表主动意义的现在分词或动词不定式；
动宾关系→—般为表被动意义的过去分词。
3.依据功用解题
表示目的→用动词不定式；
表示顺其自然的结果→用现在分词；
表示出乎意料的结果→用动词不定式。
总之，确定非谓语动词的意义和在句中所作成分是解题的基础，而找准非谓语动词的逻辑主语，弄清楚构成非谓语的动词与非谓语动词的逻辑主语之间的关系是解决此类问题的关键。
此外，还可以借助习惯搭配或固定句型解题。
只跟不定式作宾语的动词：
decide, determine, learn, wish, hope决定/心学会有希望
dare, refuse, fail若敢拒绝就失败
aim, agree, plan, pretend旨在同意计划莫假装
prepare, try, manage, help准备尽力/设法来帮忙
offer, beg, demand, afford提供请求负得起
promise, arrange, be supposed承诺安排理应当
只跟动名词作宾语的动词：
enjoy, consider, escape, avoid喜欢考虑难避免
stop, give up, risk停止放弃冒风险
put off, delay, imagine推迟延误莫想象
require, finish, look forward to要求完成有期望
suggest, advise, go on, practice建议继续勤练习
keep on, mind, succeed in继续介意促成功
can’t help, excuse, insist on不禁原谅要坚持
常考含非谓语动词的句型：
疑问词+to do不定式作宾语，常跟在下列动词后: decide, know, consider, forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, find out, tell等。
It is no use/good doing sth.
There is no need to do sth.
It is+adj+to do sth.
1.(2022·全国甲卷)A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步)40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___61___(journey)the Belt and Road route(路线)by foot.
2.(2022·全国甲卷)Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ___70___(plan)to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
3.(2022·全国乙卷)It can help to build a community with a ___66___(share)future for mankind,” he said.
4.(2022·全国乙卷)___68___(strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___69___(invite)twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
5.(2022浙江1月卷)That approach brought Cobb’s air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans ___65___
(continue)the practice.
6.(2021·全国甲卷)It is possible ___43___(walk)or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
7.(2021·全国甲卷)After ___64___(spend)some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history!
8.(2021·全国乙卷)Minimize the impact of ___67___(visit)the place.
9.(2021·全国乙卷)Activities there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and accommodations aim ___70___
(have)a low impact on the natural environment.
10.(2021浙江1月卷)This may be due to some disadvantages for people ___64___(live)in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.
说明：为了突出训练的针对性，笔者对原题进行了适当的改编。
1
(2024届安徽省部分学校高三下学期4月联考)Maze Fist, also known as Mi Zhong Quan, is a traditional martial art from China. It ___56___(know)for its clever footwork and advanced techniques.
Maze Fist masters use complex footwork ___57___ involves constantly changing directions and angles, ___58___(make)it hard for opponents to predict and attack. They are also skilled at tricking opponents with tricky movements and mis-directions. Besides its ___59___(effective)in fighting, Maze Fist also focuses on developing the mind and body. In fact, apart ___60___ improving physical strength, endurance and coordination, Maze Fist trainers also build discipline and concentration when practising.
Deeply ___61___(root)in Chinese culture and history, Maze Fist represents Chinese martial arts’ wisdom and philosophy, emphasizing the balance between body and mind. Practicing Maze Fist leads to personal growth and self-improvement. ___62___(master)Maze Fist, one needs dedication and continuous practice. It not only provides just a means ___63___(defend)oneself but also promotes one’s self-discipline, respect, and humility. And it offers both ___64___(practice)self-defense skills and a path to personal growth. All in all, ___65___ you are interested in martial arts or want an all-round approach to well-being, Maze Fist ensures you a rewarding experience.
2
(2024届山东省高三第三次学业质量联合检测齐鲁三联)Yang Jiang was a well-known Chinese playwright, translator, and author. She belonged to ___56___ unique and beautiful existence in Chinese literature. She was the first Chinese academic ___57___(translate)Miguel de Cervantes’ Spanish novel Don Quixote to Chinese and at that time, her translation ___58___(honor)as the recreation of the original work ___59___ the basis of loyalty.
Yang was born into a rich family in 1911, originally ___60___(name)Yang Jikang. After eventually ___61___ (graduate)from Soochow University, she enrolled at the graduate school of Tsinghua University. She met her husband there, Qian Zhongshu, another acclaimed writer in China.
Other than translations, Yang ___62___(author)many plays, novels, and essays during her writing career. Her short novel Mr. Wang, ___63___(write)in 1984, was selected as an article in the textbook. In 1986, she got the Civil Order of Alfonso X the Wise, a famous Spanish civil order, for her ___64___(achieve)in Don Quixote. Her bestseller was We Three in 2003, ___65___ sales exceeded 180,000 copies in two months. Yang passed away in
2016, at the age of 105.
3
(2024届广东省佛山市高三下学期二模)Trends popular among the youth such as “China chic” and the growing influence of young consumers have driven the development of hanfu industry in recent years. Among the various ___56___ (style), the horse face skirt has emerged as the most popular item.
___57___(combine)classical elegance with modern simplicity, the horse face skirt is said to perfectly suit the contemporary culture and lifestyle of young people, making ___58___ a fashion icon(标志). This trend has gained popularity in Luoyang city, Central China’s Henan province, ___59___ numerous performers recently showcased these beautiful skirts in their acts, with many visitors alike ___60___(dress)in the elegant horse face skirts. In Caoxian county of Shandong province, one of the country’s hanfu production and sales centers, the sales ___61___ the horse face skirts during last Spring Festival holiday increased dozens of times ___62___(compare)to usual volumes. Actually, the skirt has become a very popular ___63___(choose)for gifts.
The current popularity of hanfu in the country is believed ___64___(indicate)more than a fashion trend; it ___65___(represent)a deeper connection to Chinese tradition and cultural identity.
4
(湖南省多校2023-2024学年高三下学期4月大联考)Everybody likes watching acrobats(杂技演员). The acts sometimes seem scary and dangerous, and there is thrill and wonder. ___56___ Chinese acrobatics troupes(表演团)travel internationally, they are not commonly seen by audiences outside the country. While in China you might want to see the ___57___(amaze)feats of balance and skill.
The acrobats developed their styles ___58___(base)on traditional ancient arts such as dance, theater, martial arts, and magic shows and they are distinctive and incorporate traditional skills and physical exercises. Chinese acrobats tend to emphasize balance and extreme ___59___(flexible)more than the troupes do in Russia or the West. This might be due to the influence of martial arts styles. Chinese acrobats ___60___(intensive)practice timing and coordination. The individual performers practice to cooperate precisely. They use martial arts skills in ___61___ thrilling and sometimes comedic fashion. The Beijing Red Theater’s “Legend of Kungfu” show is an example. Many of the shows will have traditional Chinese music that is recorded or performed live by musicians ___62___(play)traditional instruments. The costumes or the themes may ___63___(draw)from a familiar opera. The acrobats may perform scenes from popular legends, stories, ___64___ novels of the ancient past such as The Monkey King. You might not recognize the story or the music, but you’ll still enjoy the sound, color, and ___65___(usual)costumes.
5
(2024届浙江省金华十校高三下学期4月模拟)Going on a vacation might seem like a rather unconventional way to try ___56___(improve)your sleep habits, but sleep tourism has been growing in popularity for a number of years, with an increasing amount of sleep-focused ___57___(stay)popping up in hotels and resorts(度假胜地)across the world.
In fact, interest ___58___(increase)since the pandemic, with a number of hotels focusing their attention on
those ___59___(suffer)from sleep-deprivation(剥夺). Over the past 12 months, Park Hyatt New York has opened the Bryte Restorative Sleep Suite(套房), ___60___ 800-square-foot suite filled with sleep-enhancing facilities, while Rosewood Hotels Resorts recently launched a collection of retreats(休养处), ___61___ are designed to “promote rest”.
The global pandemic appears ___62___(play)a huge part in this. A study published in the Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine found that 60% of the over 2,500 adults who took part reported a reduction ___63___ their sleep quality since the start of the pandemic.
But can short term sleep-focused travel experiences actually have a long term impact on a person’s overall sleep According to Dr. Robbins, a sleep researcher and co-author of the book Sleep for Success, travel experiences centered around “healthy sleep strategies” that aim to supply guests with the tools they need to improve their sleep ___64___(be)hugely beneficial.
“The concept of travel actually allowing you to return home ___65___(refresh)is a really exciting proposition,” she adds.
6
(2024届江西省萍乡市高三下学期二模)In front of a packed hall at the Kennedy Center in Washington, DC, on Friday, dancer Hao Ruoqi ___56___(graceful)moved across the stage as she waved her sword against her opponent. Hao, playing ___57___(play)the heroine Hua Mulan, was the star of Ningbo Performing Arts Group’s Chinese dance drama Mulan.
Based on the beloved folklore of family devotion, loyalty and love, Mulan tells the tale of a young woman in ancient China who disguises herself as a man ___58___(take)her father’s place in the army.
This modern interpretation re-imagines the classic tale of the ___59___(distinguish)female Chinese warrior Hua Mulan through remarkable and compelling dance numbers and exquisite music, ___60___(explore)the themes of self-identity and empowerment.
Hao, a member of the China National Opera and Dance Drama Theater, said there might be a thousand ___61___(version)or Mulan in a thousand people’s eyes, but there are things common to the audience ___62___ the cultural and geographical differences. “I think the love and peace brought out from Mulan is understandable and acceptable both in China and the United States,” she told China Daily.
Lisa Richards Toney, president and chief executive officer of the Association of Performing Arts Professionals, said ___63___ impressed her was the true warrior spirit that Mulan displayed ___64___ her love for humanity.
The story of Hua Mulan ___65___(inspire)numerous productions in the globe over centuries, including Disney’s 1998 animated film and 2020 live-action movie.
7
(2024届甘肃省白银市高三第三次联考)An exhibition of zodiac(生肖)sculptures, ___56___(call)Peak Life and Water, opened in Chengdu, Southwest China’s Sichuan Province on Saturday.
The 12 zodiac signs are traditionally used in Chinese culture ___57___(mark)each year. Each zodiac sign also corresponds to twelve hours in the day. In addition ___58___ the traditional calendar function, the 12 zodiac signs
are also a kind of folk custom and culture, ___59___ reflects Chinese people’s understanding of the year.
Each sculpture ___60___(base)on a single zodiac animal. For example, the tiny golden birds ___61___ (stand)on the head of an ox remind visitors of birds settling on an ox, chewing the worms they have just captured. In another, a monkey balances ___62___ golden peach on the head. For the dragon sculpture, a golden and glorious ball floats in front of the intimidating dragon.
The expressions of these zodiac sculptures are vivid but calm. Some of them seem to be resting, content in their mediation. Only the snake has ___63___(it)eyes open. If you see a snake’s eyes are closed, that ___64___
(mean)it is in hibernation(冬眠). The elegant and exquisite modelling has delighted visitors so much that even before the opening ceremony of the exhibition, some collectors expressed a desire ___65___(buy)the sculptures.
8
(2024届陕西省安康市汉滨区高三联考)The underwater photography exhibition titled “Chasing Dreams in Dark Blue”is ___56___(current)taking place at the National Art Museum of China in Beijing. The exhibition marks the museum’s first-ever ocean underwater photography display, ___57___(feature)a collection of 60 attractive pieces by Yue Hongjun, a winner of the Golden Statue Award for China Photography, ___58___ highest award for photographers in the country. The showcased photos vividly show the vibrancy(活力)of ocean species and convey the ecological concept of ___59___(protect)the ocean.
As an enterpriser, Yue is deeply passionate about both the ocean ___60___ photography. His commitment extends beyond business, as he actively participates ___61___ public welfare activities. He has chosen photography as a powerful medium to call for more people to safeguard the ocean and its inhabitants. Over the course of a decade, he ___62___(dive)over 700 times in these regions from South America to North America and from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean. One remarkable achievement of ___63___(he)is the pioneering description of the flying image of Dunhuang in China at a ___64___(deep)of 30 meters within a South American underwater cave. He is also the first photographer ___65___(achieve)China’s Golden Statue Award as well as the fellowship of The Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain for his ocean-themed photographs.
9
(2024届湖南省新高考教学教研联盟高三下学期第二次联考)Jiangsu, known for its unique blend of innovation and preservation, is a true treasure. I was ___56___(incredible)fortunate to journey through the cities of Suzhou and Nanjing, both of which left me fascinated with their true impressiveness and eagerly ___57___(long)to explore further.
My first stop was Suzhou. ___58___(engage)myself in the local industrial atmosphere, I chose a hotel in the “industrial park”, ___59___ the coexistence of advanced manufacturing and natural beauty was most evident, as it was situated on the edge of a scenic lake, embraced by a vibrant landscape. As I adventured into the heart of the city, the Old Town’s ancient waterways led me on an ___60___(explore)of history, and the classical gardens offered a glimpse into a ___61___(story)past. However, what truly amazed me was the “energy of Suzhou” ___62___(represent)by its people who have enormous respect for their city’s time-honored history as well as an innovative eye on the future.
Actually, the mindset of modernization with deep respect for the past isn’t only unique to Suzhou ___63___
an indicative factor of Nanjing. High-rises decorate the city’s skyline, creating a distinct contrast ___64___ the ancient neighborhoods, temples, and buildings that ___65___(occupy)previously by people. I never anticipated my expectations would be blown out of the water by “A tale of two cities”.
10
(2024届浙江省绍兴市高三下学期4月二模)To write his own medical text, Li Shizhen referenced over 800 medical texts, countless books on history and geography, and works of literature. He even studied the complete works of many ancient poets, from ___56___ he selected a surprising number of verses about medicine. However, the greatest issue he encountered was the widespread ___57___(inconsistent)in the use of drug names. ___58___(realise)the importance of field research outweighed that of extensive reading, in 1565 Li travelled far and wide into the mountains and wilderness. He covered what are today’s provinces of Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui and Jiangsu, and many other places.
After over a decade of field research, Li ___59___(successful)completed the first draft of his masterpiece, Bencao Gangmu, or the Compendium of Materia Medica in 1578. He revised ___60___ work at least three times right up until his death in 1593.
Since its first publication in 1596, the book ___61___(receive)world-wide recognition. British naturalist Charles Darwin acknowledged the book ___62___ an “ancient Chinese encyclopedia.” In 2011, the book ___63___(list)on the UNESCO Memory of the World Register. In 2017, an international conference was held in Beijing ___64___(celebrate)Li’s 500th birthday.
Today, there are a ___65___(grow)number of international exchanges centering on Li Shizhen and his book, and many people around the world can still find the wisdom of human development in this ancient classic.
