Unit 13 We’re trying ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to save the earth. Period 4 (Section B 1a-1e)
Teaching aims
Knowledge aims1.Ss will be able to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )master the following words and phrases: recycle, napkins, stop riding in cars, recycle books and paper, turn off the lights when you leave a room, turn off the shower while you are washing your hair, take your own bags when shopping.2. Ss will be able to know how to protect the environment..
Ability aims1. Ss ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )can use correct ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) sentence structures to talk about environmental protection.2. Ss can imp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rove their listening abilities by catching some key words.3. Ss can develop their abilities of working in pairs and communication by learning useful structures.
Emotional aims Ss will learn how to protect the environment.
Teaching important points1. Ss can master the key words, phrases and sentence structures well.2. Ss can learn the ways to protect the environment.
Teaching difficult pointsSs can use proper sentences to talk about environmental protection..
Teaching aidsMulti-media, textbook, tape, etc.
Teaching procedures
Teacher’s activities Students’ activities Purposes
Step 1 Warming-up ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and lead-in1. Play a video and ask Ss : What happened to the animals Why 2. Then ask Ss to talk about the world’s problems.3. (People and animals can’t live on the earth. What can we do to save the earth ) Brainstorming: List some ways to protect the earth. 1. Watch the video and then answer the question..2. Ss list five ways to protect the earth. To get Ss focused ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in class and arouse Ss’ interest. And lead in the topic.
Step 2 PresentationT: What should we do in our daily life Way 1: Save water: Turn off the shower / tap while you’re washing hair or brushing teeth.Way 2: Save electricit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y: Turn off the lights / … when you leave a roomWay 3: Save e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nergy / oil: stop riding in cars, start walking or riding bikesWay 4: Save trees: Try to stop using paper napkins.Ways 5: Redu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ce white pollution: stop using plastic bags, take our own bags or baskets when shoppingWays 6: Recycle the waste: Recycle the books and paper. 1. Look at the pictures ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and learn different ways of protecting the earth.2.Learn new phrases:Turn off the shower/lights. Stop riding in cars. Try to stop using paper napkins. To present the key words and phrases and help Ss to learn them
Step 3 Work on 1a1. T: Read these ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ways, Rank them from the easiest (1) to the most difficult(5). 2. T: What else can we do to help save the earth Then check with Ss.3. Compare the answers in 1a with partner. Try to rank the item ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s from the easiest to the most difficult. Then check their answers with the partners. To check if Ss have mastered the new words and phrases.
Step 4: Listening (1c, 1d)1. T: OK, what abo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut Julia and Jack. Let’s listen and check the things they talk about. (1c)2. T: Listen again. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Check the thins that Julia is doing now, the things she will do in the future and the things she would never do. (1d)3.Role-play the conversation. 1. Predict what Julia and Jack talk about..2. Finish 1c. 3. Finish 1d.4. Make up the conversation with the partner according to the form. 1.To teach Ss to predict the answers before listening.2.To improve Ss’ listening ability and consolidate the knowledge.
Step 5 Show time1. Get the Ss to say sth about Julie.2. Let’s talk: What things do you usually do to save the earth What things have you never done to save the earth What things will you do to save the earth What things won’t you do Why not 1. Say sth about Julie.2. Share the opinions about the questions. To check if Ss have mastered already.
Step 6 HomeworkI. Oral work 1.Read and recite listening material;2. Review the new words on P101.II. Written work Finish the exercises in this period. To consolidate what Ss have learned today.
Bb design Unit 13 We’re going to save the earth. Period 4 Section B(1a-1e)Way 1: Save wat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er: Turn off the shower / tap while you’re washing hair.Way 2: Save electri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )city: Turn off the lights / … when you leave a roomWay 3: Save energy / ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oil: stop riding in cars, start walking or riding bikesWay 4: Save trees: Try to stop using paper napkins.Ways 5: Reduce ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) white pollution: stop using plastic bags, take our own bags or baskets when shoppingWays 6: Recycle the waste: Recycle the books and paper.Unit 13 We’re tryi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng to save the earth. Period 5 (Section B 2a-2e)
Teaching aims
Knowledge aim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s:Ss are able to read and use these words: throw away, pu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t sth. to good use, pull … down, upside down, gate, bottle, president, inspiration, iron, work metal, bring back, creativity Ss are able to use these sentences: Do you often throw away things you don’t need anymore Have you ever tho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ught about how things can actually be put to good use She built herself out of rubbish. The top of the house is an old boat turned upside down. Amy is an inspiration to us all. He is known for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )using iron and other materials from old cars to make beautiful art pieces. Wang Tao ho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pes to set up a “metal art” theme park to show people the importance of environmental protection. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity.
Ability aims:Ss can talk about how to reuse the waste.Ss can recognize ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) how prefixes and suffixes may change the meanings of words and how they are used.Ss can practice reading and improve their reading abilities in class.
Emotional aims:A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rise students’ awareness to reuse the waste and cherish the daily things.
Teaching important points:Ss learn to understand the prefixes and suffixes.
Teaching difficult ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) points:Ss master the target language and discuss “What can we done to protect the environment” .
Teaching aids:The English book, the blackboard, the multi-media.
Teaching procedures:
Teacher’s activities Students’ activities Purposes
Step 1. Revision ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )1. Show the pictures and ask:What should we do to save the environment 2. T: What else should we do Show the four rules: reduce, reuse, recycle and repair. Teach: throw away, put sth. to good use, bring back …. Ss talk about the ways to save the environment. To review the knowledge in the last lesson.To lead into today’s topic.
Step 2. Before read ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ingLook at the title and the pictures and predict: Can you guess what the passage is about Choose the correct answer. Ss look at the t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )itle and the pictures and predict, then choose the correct answer. To help Ss guess what a text is about.
Step 3. While reading1. Read fast and match the main idea of each paragraph. 2. Read Para 2-4 carefully and fill.3. Read Para 2 carefully and fill.4. Read Para 3 carefully and answer.5. Read Para 4 carefully and judge. Ss read quickly to get the ideas.Ss read carefully to finish Task 2-5Ss share their ideas about this passage. To read thro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ugh the passage fast and carefully, try to understand the meaning according to the text.
Step 4. Consolidation1. Read and underline the new phrases. Match the meaning.2. Work on 2c. Fill in the phrases in the box.3. Work on 2d. Under ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )line the words and tell the differences between prefixes and suffixes.4. Finish the exercise in self check. Read the passage and underline these new phrases.Get the meaning of these phrases and finish 2c.Finish 2d and le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arn to tell the difference between prefixes and suffixes. 1. To get the m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ain ideas of each paragraph.2. To get the detail of this passage.3. To learn the key words and sentences in the passage and get a deep understanding of this passage.
Step 5. Discussion1. Which things can be done by common people every day 2. Which things have to be done by governments and organizations Ss discuss these questions in their group and show their ideas. To get the emotional aim of this lesson.
Step 5 HomeworkI. Oral work1. Read the passage five times. Try to remember the expressions.II. Written work2. Write about what your family have done to recycle the waste.3. DIY: reuse or recycle the waste. To consolidate the knowledge of this lesson.
Bb designUnit 13 Rethink, Reuse, Recycle! Section B 2a-2e Readingthrow away prefixes: re-: reuse, rethinkput sth. to good use un-: unhappy; im-: impolitepull … down, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) suffixes: -ful: careful, helpful, beautifulupside down -less: careless, uselessuse iron … to make …Topic: Unit13 We’re trying to save the earth !
Teaching aims:
Knowledge aims:The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) students will be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )able to learn the words and phrases: shark fin cruel harmful chain ecosystem industry law shark fin soup at the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) top of the food chain in the last 20 to 30 years environmental protecti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on groups around the world develop laws the sale of shark fins The students will be able to use the expressions:1. This is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment.2.But do you r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ealize that you’re killing a whole shark each time you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup.3. The numbers o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f some kinds of sharks have fallen by over 90 percent in the last 20 to 30 years. 4. So far, no scienti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fic studies have shown that shark fins are good for health. 5. Sharks may disappear one day if we do not something to stop the sale of shark fins.
Ability aims:The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) students can understand the passage.
2.To learn to save the sharks
Emotional aims:To protect animals ,protect the earth ,protect ourselves
Teaching important points: The students ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n understand the passage and realize the importance of protecting animals .
Teaching difficult points:Let Ss realize the importance of protecting the animals
Teaching aids:CAI , a recorder
Teaching procedures:
Teacher’s activities Students’ activities Purposes
Step1 Watch a video First watch a video, then free talk:1. What animals can you see？2,What do you know about whales Present: ocean’s ecosystem, the food chain, Step1 Watch a video Ss look carefully ,then talk about the whales. 1.Through the video Let Ss know something about this passage .
Step 2 Before re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )adingShow the pictures : 1. T: But some peo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ple catch and kill them .So the are endangered now .1. Do you know what other animals are endangered 2. What do you think of this action 3. What should we do Present : cruel. Be harmful to … take action, stop the sale of , develop laws , environment protection groups , Step 2 Before reading Read and remember the phrases and sentences . Let Ss master some words ,phrases and sentences in this passage .
Step 3 Prediction Today we will learn another animals .Guess what animals Present :sharks .What does this passage mainly talk about Step 3 Prediction 1. Ss guess and get other information Through the picture and the title ,Ss can get some information .
Step 4 Fast readin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g 1. Listen and read ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the passage quickly and match the main idea of each paragraph .2. Listen and read the passage quickly and complete the fact sheet below . Step4 Fast reading Fill in the blanks. . To know th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e details in the passage and know more things about sharks.
Step 5 Careful reading 1. Read Para.1 carefully and answer (1)What do you think of shark fin soup (2) What are you doing when you enjoy a bowl of shark fin soup 2. Read Para.2 carefully and tell “T” or “F”3. Read Para.3 carefully and answer questions 4. Further reading Step 5 careful re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ading 1. Ss read each passage carefully , answer the questions , tell true or false , Further understand this passage .
Step7 Post r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eading 1. First Ss read this passage quietly,then check the answers 2.First give a model ,find one conjunctions Then call Ss find the other conjunctions Step 7 Post reading 1,Fill in the blanks2, Find other conjunctions Further understand this passage .
Step 8 Work on 3b Read the passage again and fill in the blanks . Step 8 Work on 3b Ss fill in the blanks by using the conjunctions in the box . Learn to use the conjunctions
Step 9 Retell Sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow some pictures ,words and phrases, First give Ss 3 minutes to prepare, then retell the whole passage by their own words . Step 9 Retell Ss prepare to retell the passage. Improve Ss’ speaking skills .
Step 10 Further thinking 1. After reading the passage ,do you still have shark fin soup What should we do 2. How do you help protect the endangered animals Step 10 Further thinking Ss think further and discuss how to protect the endangered animals . Let Ss think fur ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ther and know the importance of protecting the endangered animals.
Step 11 Suppose If you were sharks ,what would you like to tell people Step 11 SupposeFirst Ss discuss ,then talk it . Know the importance of protecting the endangered animals.
Step12 Homework 1.Finish exercises in exercise book2.Copy new words and phrases.3. Read the passage three times .
Bb design Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth !Period 3(3a-3b)Topic: Unit13 We’re trying to save the earth !
Period 2 sectionA2d,grammar focus,self-check 2,4a,4b,4c
Teaching aims:
Knowledge aim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s:The students wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll be able to learn the words and phrases: afford recycle reusable transportation take part in can’t afford to do sth take action turn off pay for add up use public transportation 2.The students will be able to use the expressions: 1.It was considered th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e biggest clean-up project this city had ever had. 2.We can’t afford to wait any longer to take action! 3.Many forget that saving the earth begins with small things. 4. And instead of driving to school or work, you could ride your bike or walk.
Ability aims: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )The students can understand the passage.
2. Role-play the conversation ,make their own conversation
Emotional aims:Know how to protect the environment
Teaching important points:Make up conversations , grammar
Teaching difficult points:how to protect the environment, Make up conversations , grammar
Teaching aids:CAI , a recorder
Teaching procedures:
Teacher’s activities Students’ activities Purposes
Step1 RevisionTeacher: Have you ever taken part in an environment project How should you do to save the environment Step1 RevisionSs answer the questions and revise the new words in this period.Students: We can____. turn off the lights when…use the paper bags..③walk to school Let the students how to use
Step 2 PresentationT: What are these /is this Present : When we buy takeaw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay food, we never take wooden chopsticks or plastic forks. Remember to throw rubbish in the bins. Keep public places clean and beautiful . Step2 PresentationSs: They are wooden chopsticks. /plastic forks /takeaway food/a bin Ss read these sentences . Teach some new words and phrasesEmotional education
Step 3 Ask and answer 1.What problems are they talking about 2. Do you know how to cut down air pollution 3. What about waste pollution 4. Do you know the advantages of biking riding Ss answer these questions :Teacher add :You should turn off the shower when you’re washing your hair. You should take your own bags when you go food shopping. People should stop riding in cars and start riding bikes. Emotional education
Step 3 Work on 2d1.Listen and repeat the conversation 2. Fill in the blanks 3.Ask the students role play the conversation.4. Let Ss talk about how to protect the environment Step 3Work on 2dRepeat the conversation Fill in the blanks Ss role play the conversation Talk about protecting environment To improve Ss’ oral English and English thinking. To help Ss to work with partners.
Step 4 work on 4c1.T: List things that people can do to help the environment Step 4 work on 4a Let Ss list things Ss ask and answer To expand Ss’ thought
Step 4 Grammar 1. Let Ss read these sentences in Grammar Focus and explain the tenses 2. self-check 2 Match the tenses 1.Let Ss underline the tense 2.Let Ss match the tenses Let Ss understand the tense To consolidate the important sentences and expressions in this unit.
Step 5 work on 4a1.Ask the Ss to fill ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets.2.check the answers. Step 5 Work on 4a Do the exercises in 4a by themselves. Check the answers in 4a. To know the useful expressions of the different tenses . To consolidate the useful expressions by doing exercises.
Step6 work on 4bFill in the blanks with the appropriate modal verbs from the box. Step 6 work on 4b Let Ss finish it . To consolidate the useful expressions by doing exercises.
Step 7 Exercise Do exercise Step 7 Exercise Let Ss do it .Then check it . Revise words and phrases .
Step 8 HomeworkCopy new words 3 times. Recite 2d.Do Exercise . Step 8 Homework Revise words and phrases . To consolidate how to use the important phrases and sentences.
Bb design Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth !Period 2 wooden chopsticks. air pollution cut down plastic forks take the bus / subway /ride a bike takeaway food solve these problemsa bin waste pollution bring a bag to go shopping never take wooden chopsticks /plastic forks throw the rubbish in the bins keep the public places clean and beautiful Our actions can make a difference and lead to a better future ! Let’s take action now !Unit 13 We’re tryin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g to save the earth. Period 6 (Section B 3a-selfcheck)
Teaching aims
Knowledge aims:Ss review the key words and phrases of this unit.Ss review the key sentences and dialogue of this unit.
Ability aims:Ss review to make a conversation about favorite things.Ss learn to write about their favorite things.
Emotional aims:Ss learn to team-work with others.
Teaching important points:Ss review unit from words to passage.
Teaching difficult ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )points:Ss learn to describe the environmental problems in Luqiao and write a letter to the city mayor about the problems and the suggestions.
Teaching aids:The English book, the blackboard, the multi-media.
Teaching procedures:
Teacher’s activities Students’ activities Purposes
Step 1. Lead inWatc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h the video and compare the beautiful earth with the crying earth. Ss Watch the video and compare. To get Ss ready for the class.
Step2. Revision1.T: What have people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )done on the earth (Revise pour waste water into the river, make too much noise….)2. T: What causes so many changes to the earth Ss look at the pic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tures and answer: What have people done on the earth What causes so many changes to the earth Ss revise the ways to solve the problems. To review the key phrases and sentences.
Step 3. Let’s talk and write Revise different k ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inds of pollution and talk about the ways to solve the problems. Fill in the blanks. According to the chart and practice in pairs. Ss fill in the blanks.Ss make their own dialogue. To review and use the key words and sentences in the conversation.
Step4. Let’s think and fillWork on 3a. Ss finish 3a. To use the knowledge of this unit and prepare the skill of writing.
Step 5. Writing1.Teach Ss the parts ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of the letter and ask them to write a letter to the city mayor. 2. Share the compositions. 3. Show the model passage. 1.Ss learn how to write a letter.2. Ss share the compositions with each other.3. Read the model passage. To learn how to write every part of this letter.To share their own composition and enjoy the model passage.
Step 6 Homework1.Oral ones:(1) Read and recite the new words in Unit 10.(2) Revise Unit 10.2.Written ones: (1). A quiz about environment.(2). 中考链接：保护人类共同的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )家园—地球是每个人的责任和义务。我们在生活中的点滴小事上也能做出自己的贡献。根据表格内容，谈一谈曾经为保护环境做过哪些努力，将来还打算如何去做。要求： 1. 词数不少于80词； 2. 意思连贯，条理清晰，适当发挥。
Bb designUnit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years Section B 3a-Self Check Writing Beginning: Dear Mr. Mayor,pour waste water i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nto the river Part One: Now our environment is becoming worse and worse...make too much noise ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Part Two: Problems and suggestions give off harmf ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ul gas Part Three: If everyone gives a hand to protect the environment, the balance o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f nature our world will become more beautiful. Ending: Best wishes, TomTopic: Unit13 We’re trying to save the earth!
Teaching aims:
Knowledge aims:(1).The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) students will be able to learn the words and phrases: litter ugly advantage cost wooden bottom fisherman coal at the bottom of the river be full of the rubbish throw litter into the river play a part in cleaning it up land pollution fill the air with black smoke (2).The students will be able to use the expressions:1. Everyone in town should play a part in cleaning it up. 2. The air is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) badly polluted because there are too many cars on the road these days. 3. To cut down ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. 4. I used to be able to see stars in the sky. 5. The air has become really polluted around here. I’m getting very worried.
Ability aims:1.The students can ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) use the questions to get information to improve their listening and speaking abilities. 2.To train the students’ cooperation with their partners.
Emotional ai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ms:To know about many kinds of pollutions, Protect environment , protect the earth.
Teaching important points: learn how to protect the environment
Teaching dif ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ficult points:Let students master : Present progressive used to Passive voice Modal verbs Present perfect
Teaching aids:CAI , a recorder
Teaching procedures:
Teacher’s activities Students’ activities Purposes
Step1 Warming up Show a video about the pollution Step 1 Warming up 1.Ss watch the video first and know something about the pollution. 1.Get Ss to know some kinds of pollutions .
Step 2 Lead in 1.T shows some pictures about the pollutionsTeacher: What kinds of pollutions do you know？ What do you feel about the pollution Work on 1a check the answers talk about other pollutions in our daily life Step 2 Learning 1.Students look at the pictures and answer the questions.write the answers in the box and add more words Let Ss know the harm of environmental pollutionLearn some pollutions in our daily life
Step 3 presentatio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n Show some pictures Present :Look ! He is throwing litter into the river.Point to another picture:He is putting the litter into the river. So even the bottom of the river is full of rubbish . There are no more fish in the river .The fisherman can’t catch the fish. Step 3 PresentationFrom the pictures k ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )now something about some words and phases in listening . Prepare f or the listening
Step 4 Listening Ask the Ss to complete the sentences in 1b.Listen and repeat. Listen and fill in the blanks.Work on 1c. Role-play the conversation Make Ss’ own conversations about the kinds of pollutions Step 4 Listening1. Listen and fill in the blanks in 1b.Check the answers.repeatconversations To train Ss’ listening and speaking skills.
Step 5 Presentation ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )show some pictures: T: What are these What are they made of Teach : wooden chopsticks Teach new words like this : plastic bowls plastic bagsPresent: The factory ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is burning coal. So it polluted the air with a lot of black smoke. I think these factories should be closed down .Present : People are throwing away . Look !There is much litter on the ground .If everyone litters in public places, it will turn the beautiful places into ugly ones . Step 5 Presentation Ss: Chopsticks Wooden Ss: plastic bowls plastic bags…Ss learn some words and phrases Let Ss know : litter n. v. To train Ss’ listening and speaking skills.
Step 6 ListeningListen and circle the kinds of pollutionListen again and complete the sentences.Listen again and repeatFill in the blanks Step 5 Listening 1. Listen and circle2. Listen again and finish 2b. To train Ss’ listening skills
Step 7 Pair workMake conversations using the information in 2a and 2b . Step 7 Pair work Ss can make conversations. .to improve the students’ oral English.
Step 8 Discuss :People are throwing aw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay things every day .They are destroying the environment . As a student, What should we do to protect the environment Step8Ss can show their opinions freely. Change the conv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ersations into a passage, to improve the Ss’ oral English.
Step9 Emotional e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ducation It’s our duty to protect the environment !If everyone makes a contribution to protecting the environment ,the world will be much more beautiful in the future ! Step9 Emotional education Let Ss know they should protect the environment . Know the importance of protecting the environment
Step 10 ExerciseFill in the blanks Step 10 ExerciseSs write the new words on their paper Master news words .
Step9 HomeworkCopy new words and phrases 3 times .Read listening 1b and 2b 3 times .3. Exercises Step 9 Homework1.To memorize the important phrases and sentences.2.To make some dialogues about pollution.
Unit 13 We’re trying t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o save the earth ! Period 1(1a-2c) noise throw litter into the river wooden chopsticks air pollution ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) put … into …. plastic bowls / bagswater the bottom of the river burn coalland be full of rubbish the air with a lot of black smoke no more fish close down . fisherman throw away litter in public places turn the beautiful places into ugly ones .
