2024届高考英语二轮复习 阅读专题 热考主题 生活、学习与工作 练习（含答案）

热考主题 生活、学习与工作
Passage 1
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spent on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
1.What is the book aimed at
A.Teaching critical thinking skills. B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C.Solving philosophical problems. D.Promoting the use of a digital device.
2.What does the underlined word "declutter" in paragraph 3 mean 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.Clear-up. B.Add-on. C.Check-in. D.Take-over.
3.What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A.Theoretical models. B.Statistical methods.
C.Practical examples. D.Historical analyses.
4.What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A.Use them as needed. B.Recommend them to friends.
C.Evaluate their effects. D.Identify the ideas behind them.
Passage 2
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. "The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks," she says. "They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful." Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes."We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently," Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues."They get outside," she says, "and they feel successful."
1.What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A.She used to be a health worker. B.She grew up in a low-income family.
C.She owns a fast food restaurant. D.She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
2.What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A.The kids’parents distrusted her. B.Students had little time for her classes.
C.Some kids disliked garden work. D.There was no space for school gardens.
3.Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A.Far-reaching. B.Predictable. C.Short-lived. D.Unidentifiable.
4What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Rescuing School Gardens B.Experiencing Country Life
C.Growing Vegetable Lovers D.Changing Local Landscape
Passage 3
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape(风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz(石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route(路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
1.How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A.By teaming up with other photographers.
B.By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C.By studying the geographical conditions.
D.By creating settings in the corn fields.
2.What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author
A.Proper time management. B.Good shooting techniques.
C.Adventurous spirit. D.Distinctive styles.
3.What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake
A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D.They had problems with their equipment.
4.How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake
A.Amusing. B.Satisfying. C.Encouraging. D.Comforting.
Passage 4
What comes into your mind when you think of British food Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer "uncool" for boys to like cooking.
1.What do people usually think of British food 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.It is simple and plain. B.It is rich in nutrition.
C.It lacks authentic tastes. D.It deserves a high reputation.
2.Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV
A.Authoritative. B.Creative. C.Profitable. D.Influential.
3.Which is the percentage of the people using more diverse ingredients now
A.20%. B.24%. C.25%. D.33%.
4.What might the author continue talking about
A.The art of cooking in other countries.
B.Male chefs on TV programmes.
C.Table manners in the UK.
D.Studies of big eaters.
Passage 5
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90 100, A; 80 89, B; 70 79, C; 60 69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays(60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1=10%; Essay 2=15%; Essay 3=15%; Essay 4=20%.
Group Assignments(30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments(作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework(10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class’lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
1.Where is this text probably taken from 　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A.A textbook. B.An exam paper. C.A course plan. D.An academic article.
2.How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of
A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.
3.What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date
A.You will receive a zero.
B.You will lose a letter grade.
C.You will be given a test.
D.You will have to rewrite it.
Passage 6
Children’s Discovery Museum
General Information about Group Play
Pricing
Group Play $7/person
Scholarships
We offer scholarships to low-income schools and youth organizations, subject to availability. Participation in a post-visit survey is required.
Scholarships are for Group Play admission fees and/or transportation. Transportation invoices(发票) must be received within 60 days of your visit to guarantee the scholarship.
Group Size
We require one chaperone (监护人) per ten children. Failure to provide enough chaperones will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.
Group Play is for groups of 10 or more with a limit of 35 people. For groups of 35 or more, please call to discuss options.
Hours
The Museum is open daily from 9:30 am to 4:30 pm.
Group Play may be scheduled during any day or time the Museum is open.
Registration Policy
Registration must be made at least two weeks in advance.
Register online or fill out a Group Play Registration Form with multiple date and start time options.
Once the registration form is received and processed, we will send a confirmation email within two business days.
Guidelines
Teachers and chaperones should model good behavior for the group and remain with students at all times.
Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum.
Children should play nicely with each other and exhibits.
Use your indoor voice when at the Museum.　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1.What does a group need to do if they are offered a scholarship
A.Prepay the admission fees. B.Use the Museum’s transportation.
C.Take a survey after the visit. D.Schedule their visit on weekdays.
2.How many chaperones are needed for a group of 30 children to visit the Museum
A.One. B.Two. C.Three. D.Four.
3.What are children prohibited from doing at the Museum
A.Using the computer. B.Talking with each other.
C.Touching the exhibits. D.Exploring the place alone.
Passage 7
For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis(危机) in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the real estate(房地产) firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1,600 miles away. It didn’t take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth’s pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. He moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the California coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30,000 per year before tax. She doesn’t work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes, she gets restless — the same old wanderlust returning. It’s a call she must handle alone, though. Merebeth says, "When I’m on the road I’m just in my own world. I’ve always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help animals."　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
1.Why did Merebeth change her job
A.She wanted to work near her home.
B.She was tired of working in the office.
C.Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D.Her former employer was out of business.
2.The word "wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to 　　　　.
A.make money B.try various jobs
C.be close to nature D.travel to different places
3.What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job
A.She has chances to see rare animals.
B.She works hard throughout the year.
C.She relies on herself the whole time.
D.She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
【解析】 本文向读者介绍了一本书，该书解释了何为数字极简主义并提供了实现数字极简主义生活方式的方法。
1.B　推断　根据第一段中的"The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism"、第二段中的"digital lives"和最后一段中的"a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle"可推知，本书旨在倡导一种简单的数字生活方式。故选B项。
2.A　理解词汇　根据第三段第二句"This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days"可知，the digital declutter要求人们远离一些线上活动，即对自己的线上活动进行"清理"。故选A项。
【考情速递】　　
高考命题越来越注重试题的综合性。本题既需要同学们读懂画线词declutter后的内容,从中获取信息来猜测生词大致含义，同时本题的四个选项均为复合词,需要同学们理解复合词的词义，综合起来才能推断出本题答案。
3.C　理解具体信息　根据第四段中的"In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter""You’ll hear these participants’stories"可知，第一部分的最后一章提供了真实的例子。
4.A　推断　根据最后一段中的"You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances"可知，作者建议读者把这些方法当成帮助自己实现极简主义生活方式的工具，即在需要的时候使用这些方法。故选A项。
【解析】 本文主要介绍了学校菜园项目Urban Sprouts的启动背景、目的、内容和意义。
1.D　理解具体信息　根据第一段中的"says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts"可知，Abby Jaramillo是Urban Sprouts项目的创始人。故D项正确。
2.C　理解具体信息　本题问的是在这个项目初创时Jaramillo面临的一个问题是什么。根据第二段中的"The kids...come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful""some are initially...turned off by the dirt"可知，这个项目刚开始时面临的一个问题就是她的一些学生不喜欢干菜园的活儿。故C项正确。
3.A　推断　根据最后一段可知,这个学校菜园项目不仅能让学生吃得更有营养，而且还让那些有情绪控制问题的学生感到成功。由此可推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故A项正确。
4.C　理解文章主旨要义　通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo 发起Urban Sprouts项目，带领学生种植蔬菜的故事，学生们开始对园艺感兴趣。因此C项"蔬菜种植爱好者"适合作为本文标题。
【解析】 本文叙述了美国爱荷华州的一位摄影师的拍摄日常，为了拍出优秀的风景照，摄影师付出了很多，其中不乏艰辛，当然有收获也有遗憾。
1.B　理解具体信息　根据第二段的"To make some of my landscape shots...the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way"可知，作者和他的朋友们到州公园或农村去拍照，以此来应对中西部缺少地理多样性的挑战。故B项正确。
2.A　理解具体信息　根据第三段第一句可知，恰当的地点和恰当的时间对于拍摄任何风格的照片都起着决定性的作用。第三段的最后一句验证了作者所说。故A项正确。
3.C　推断　根据第四段的"However, we did not mark the route(路线)...it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time"可知，文中描述的是几乎完全错过了日落，之后安置拍摄设备的时间就非常有限了，也就是说他们比预想的到达得晚。故C项正确。
4.B　推断　根据第四段中的"Still, looking back on the photos...if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely"可知，虽然有准备不充分和时间管理不明智等方面的遗憾，作者依然认为这是一些自己拍的最好的照片。故B项正确。
【二次精读】　　
核心单词： distinctive adj.独特的
核心短语：specialize in 专攻，专门研究　tend to do sth. 往往会做某事　on the spot在现场　a bunch of 一串，一束；大量
【解析】 英国的一些烹饪类电视节目使更多的英国人改变饮食习惯并爱上烹饪。
1.A　推断　根据第一段的"But is British food really so uninteresting Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive cuisine"可知，英国的食物通常被认为是简单的、不吸引人的。故选A。
2.D　推断　根据第二段最后一句"It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking"可知，英国的烹饪类电视节目对观众影响很大，改变了他们对烹饪的看法。故选D。authoritative"权威性的"；creative"富有创意的"；profitable"有利可图的"；influential"有很大影响的"。
3.D　理解具体信息　根据第三段第二句"Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they used to"可知,近三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更丰富了，故选D。
4.B　推断　根据最后一段最后一句"With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it’s no longer ‘uncool’ for boys to like cooking"可知，随着越来越多的男厨师出现在电视上，男孩喜欢烹饪不再是"不酷"的事了。因此可推断，接下来作者可能会介绍一些电视节目中的男厨师。故选B。
【考情速递】　　
高考阅读理解考查方式越来越灵活多变，本题将阅读理解与读后续写题型相结合，考查同学们根据文本信息推断文章后续发展的能力。
【二次精读】　　
核心单词：cuisine n.烹饪；(餐厅或酒店的)特制饭菜，菜肴　frequently adv.频繁地　analyst n.分析者　expand v.扩大
核心短语： have a reputation for 以……著称　 advertising campaign 广告宣传活动　turn away from sth. 停止使用某物，不再对某事物感兴趣；拒绝　apply for申请 　 a variety of 各种各样的　(be) confident about对……充满自信
难句分析：It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits.
分析：本句是一个强调句，被强调部分是"thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign"。
译文：多亏了这些电视节目的厨师们,而不是任何广告宣传活动，英国人正在对一荤两素和现成的饭菜失去兴趣，且在烹饪习惯上变得更有冒险精神。
【解析】 本文介绍了文学入门这门课程的评分原则。
1.C　推断　题干问的是"这篇文章可能节选自哪里"。浏览全文可知,本文介绍了文学入门这门课程的评分原则,由此可推知,本文可能节选自一个课程计划，故选C项。
2.B　理解具体信息　题干问的是"学生的期末成绩由几部分组成"。根据文中的"Essays (60%)" "Group Assignments (30%)" "Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)" 可知，学生的期末成绩由三部分组成。故选B项。
3.A　理解具体信息　题干问的是"如果你在截止日期过后一周才提交文章会发生什么"。根据题干可将解题信息定位于文章的最后一部分，根据"If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero"(如果没有在截止日期后的第4天之前上交，你将会得到零分)可知，如果你在截止日期过后一周才上交，你的成绩将会是零分。故选A项。
【二次精读】　　
核心单词：policy n. 原则　combine v. 结合 complete v. 完成　submit v. 提交　previous adj. 先前的
核心短语：vary from...to... 从……到……不同　turn in 上交
词缀变形：additionally adv. 另外，此外→additional adj. 额外的
【解析】 本文主要介绍了儿童博物馆团体游的相关内容。
1.C　理解具体信息　题干问的是"如果一个团体被提供了奖学金，他们需要做什么 "。根据Scholarships下的"We offer scholarships... in a post-visit survey is required"可知，被提供了奖学金的团队需要参与访问后的民意调查。故选C项。
2.C　理解具体信息　根据Group Size下的"We require one chaperone(监护人) per ten children"可知，每10个孩子需要1个监护人，那么30个孩子则需要3个监护人。故选C项。
3.D　推断　根据Guidelines下的"Children are not allowed unaccompanied in all areas of the Museum"可知，儿童在博物馆的所有区域内都必须有监护人的陪伴，即儿童不能单独探索博物馆。故选D项。
【二次精读】　　
核心单词：participation n.参与　guarantee v.保证，担保　schedule v.安排，预定
核心短语：subject to availability视情况而定　result in造成；导致　in advance预先，事先
熟词生义：process　常用义：n.过程；进程
Repetition can help the learning process.重复对学习过程会有所帮助。
文章义：v.处理(文件、请求)等
All university applications are processed through this system.所有大学入学申请都是由这个系统处理的。
【解析】 Merebeth的新工作——宠物递送服务不仅满足了她想要四处旅游的愿望，还为她带来了可观的收入。
1.D　理解具体信息　根据题干"为什么Merebeth换了工作"可将解题信息定位在第一段。根据该段中的 "The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job"可知，她换工作是因为她原来工作的公司倒闭了，故选D。
2.D　理解词汇　根据画线词前的"pet delivery service satisfies her"及画线词后的"taken her to every state in the US... Oregon"可以推知，画线词的含义与去不同的地方的欲望有关，故选D。
3.C　理解具体信息　根据最后一段中的"It’s a call she must handle alone"及"I’ve always been independent- spirited"可知，Merebeth一直都是靠自己。