高中英语高考题型天天练（19）（35分钟，含解析）

高中英语高考题型天天练（十九）
（时间：35分钟）
一、阅读理解
A
Recent headlines claimed that regular napping (打盹) can build a bigger brain and slow neural (神经的) aging. The research was published in the journal Sleep Health. To explore whether napping is beneficial to brain health over the long term, the study authors made use of UK Biobank,a database of in-depth genetic and health information from half a million residents of the United Kingdom.
Thanks to the data in the UK Biobank, they were able to link numerous gene variants (变体) to a greater likelihood of napping in 378,932 subjects (all of whom were aged 40 to 69). The likelihood of napping was measured based on how subjects replied to the question, “Do you have a nap during the day ” The options were“never or rarely,” “sometimes,” and “usually.”
When it comes to napping, two key variables (变量) that can influence data greatly are age and sickness. Older and sicker people tend to nap more often and for longer because they easily get tired. The researchers found that the people with the gene variants linked to napping had slightly larger brains than people without those gene variants, about 1.3% larger. That might sound small, but the authors of the study noted that it can be quite significant.
“Our finding of a larger total brain volume in those who usually nap is nearly equal to 2.6 to 6.5 years of difference in aging,” they wrote. “In addition, this difference roughly equals to the difference in brain volume between people with normal cognitive (认知的) function and mild cognitive impairment.”
Professor Tara Spires-Jones, President of the British Neuroscience Association, said that the study was well-conducted, but had remarkable limitations. “The napping habits of UK Biobank participants were self-reported, which might not be entirely accurate, and the ‘napping’ signature overlapped (重叠) greatly with the signature for cognitive outcomes in the study, which makes the causal (因果关系的) link weaker.” Additionally, as the brain is easily the most important organ in the body, it’s quite possible that people with larger brains simply need to nap more, rather than napping actually increasing their brain size. So don’t look to napping as an ideal way to buff up your brain.
1. What’s the major finding of the research
A. Regular napping does good to human brain.
B. Age and sickness has little to do with napping.
C. People with napping gene get tired more easily.
D. Napping people can live 2.6 to 6.5 years longer.
2. Which of the following research methods might be used in the research process
A. Logic reasoning. B. Unplanned sampling.
C. Data analysis. D. Doing Experiments.
3. What’s the meaning of the underlined word “impairment”
A. damage B. recovery
C. understanding D. development
4. Which of the following statements might Professor Tara Spires-Hones agree with
A. The research result is acceptable.
B. Napping boosts people’s brain size.
C. The study shouldn’t have used UK Biobank.
D. Napping doesn’t matter much to people’s brain.
B
Good morning! I’m glad this day has arrived and I’m so glad you are here. As you set off on the grand adventure of a liberal education, I want to share with you a bit of wisdom.
Today, I want to urge you to cultivate the habit of moving purposefully, systematically, slowly, not necessarily to slow down your pace in four years’ time, but to reflect on the ideas to which you will be exposed, and to be in a position to repair what is broken in the world you will then enter.
As perhaps never before, you have come of age in a culture of hurriedness. Yours is a generation that has never known life without the instant spread of information. Social networking was born before nearly all of you. And similarly, novel technologies that were unthinkable in my generation are native to yours.
Many of the innovations on which society has come to rely are the fruit of a mantra (口号) first expressed by Mark Zuckerberg. “Move fast and break things,” he instructed his staff at Facebook around the time of its 2004 launch. “Unless you are breaking stuff,” he continued, “you are not moving fast enough.”
To be sure, this mantra was eventually phased out (淘汰) as Facebook’s motto, but it remains very much a dominant ethos (理念) in today’s tech ecosystem.
This ethos also has gone into the DNA of newer online platforms that prioritize,rather harmfully, speed over depth. The appearance of artificial intelligence has allowed us to find its potential to compound (重) these trends.
So, rather than “move fast and break things,” I suggest here doing the opposite.
I am not against technological progress. I treasure the benefits of technological advance to our lives and our relationships. But the trend we have developed for the immediate divests us of the time and space necessary for careful reflection. So, I encourage you to watch out for it.
5. The speaker worries that the audience of this speech might become too ______.
A. adventurous B. shallow C. technological D. purposeless
6. Why does the author mention Mark Zuckerberg
A. To offer some background information for his speech.
B. To provide supporting evidence for his viewpoint.
C. To remove misunderstanding of his speech purpose.
D. To introduce the main problem mentioned in his speech.
7. What does the underlined “divests us of” in the last paragraph mean
A. reminds us of saving B. convinces us of using
C. saves us from losing D. prevents us from having
8. The speaker made the speech mainly to ask her audience to ______.
A. slow down college education B. catch up with the trends
C. slow down and fix things D. abandon using technology
二、七选五
Nowadays hair loss is a common concern for many young people in China, and it can be caused by a variety of factors. ___9___
One common cause of hair loss in young people is genetics. Male and female pattern baldness,is a hereditary (遗传的) condition that can lead to hair thinning and loss. ___10___ And it also features overall thinning of the hair in women.
In addition to genetics, certain medical conditions and treatments can also contribute to hair loss in young people. Conditions such as thyroid (甲状腺 )disorders, different diseases, and hormonal imbalances can all lead to hair thinning. Additionally, undergoing treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy can result in temporary hair loss.
___11___ Poor nutrition, too busy work, and certain hairstyling practices can contribute to hair thinning. For example, a diet lacking in essential nutrients, such as protein, iron, and vitamins,can impact the health of the hair and scalp (头皮).
___12___ This includes tight hairstyles, frequent use of heat styling tools, and harsh chemical treatments. Additionally, emotional stress and mental health conditions can contribute to hair loss in some individuals.
To address hair loss in young people, it is important to identify the underlying cause. Consulting with a healthcare professional, such as a dermatologist (皮肤病医生) or trichologist. ___13___
Treatment options may include topical medications, and hair restoration procedures.
In conclusion, hair loss among young people can be attributed to a variety of factors, including genetics, medical conditions, and lifestyle choices.
A. Lifestyle factors can also play a role in hair loss among young individuals.
B. Furthermore, extreme tension on the hair can lead to hair damage and loss.
C. Understanding the causes can help individuals take active steps to address the issue.
D. Overall, it highlights the need for greater support for individuals experiencing this issue.
E. This can help determine the reason for hair loss and develop a personalized treatment plan.
F. This type of hair loss is often characterized by a disappearing hairline or thinning crown in men.
G. Additionally, the pressure to maintain a certain appearance may lead to increased levels of anxiety.
三、完形填空
I stared out the window,___14___ the snow. Damn holidays. . . I thought as I saw the people outside caroling(唱颂歌)outside. Can’t I just be left alone!I got up from my bed and, in ___15___, made for the kitchen.
I made myself dinner, which wasn’t anything___16___. I wasn’t the best cook so I just made myself a stir fry and___17___ it a day... That was until I heard the noise. Did someone throw ice at my window Maybe a thief I ___18___ the katana(武士刀)and walked down stairs. I searched the entire house until I found a puppy, so cute and___19___. I couldn’t help but ___20___ at this creature. I decided to keep it and named it Arthur. His eyes were blue like a husky dog. Maybe a mixed breed I thought as I washed Arthur up and dried him with a___21___. Then I spent all night____22____with my new friend. It was the first ____23____of joy I felt during the holidays in years. For the next week, Arthur and I spent the holidays watching romance movies on Netflix, sleeping, or ____24____ our mouths with the food in the house. It was probably the happiest I’ve been in months. Arthur really made an impact on my life that I never thought was ____25____.
Arthur stayed by my side a majority of the time. My friend called him ‘mama’s boy’ or something silly like that. I didn’t____26____ it, though. Every year on Christmas day, I thanked God for giving me the ____27____. And I ____28____ felt blessed with My Arthur. My little boy.
14. A. enjoying B. cursing C. monitoring D. envying
15. A. depression B. surprise C. alarm D. tiredness
16. A. dramatic B. fancy C. solid D. justified
17. A. called B. made C. put D. took
18. A. handled B. drilled C. fixed D. grabbed
19. A. committed B. outgoing C. innocent D. dangerous
20. A. glare B. laugh C. smile D. shout
21. A. blouse B. fire C. friend D. towel
22. A. fighting B. interfering C. sticking D. combining
23. A. part B. number C. sort D. bit
24. A. engaging B. stuffing C. digesting D. loading
25. A. possible B. accessible C. appropriate D. essential
26. A. forgive B. demand C. mind D. accept
27. A. time B. opportunity C. access D. gift
28. A. sincerely B. elegantly C. practically D. distinctly
四、语法填空
During the Song Dynasty, there was a beloved toy known as “Mo He Le”, ___29___ is praised as the “Barbie doll” (芭比娃娃) of its time. Mo He Le gained ___30___ (popular) on the traditional Chinese Qixi Festival, ___31___ was widely sold. It was crafted mainly from wood and clay materials, ___32___ (feature) complex details in body shape, facial expressions and hair. Some Mo He Le figures even had ___33___ (fix) poses with a characteristic feature — holding lotus flowers and leaves in hands. It was not ___34___ (common) for children to copy the appearance of these toys.
With fashionable styles and diverse clothing, Barbie dolls ___35___ (attract) the attention of children throughout the world. ___36___ (similar), Mo He Le appealed to children with their unique styles and charming appearance. ___37___ being made of a different material, Mo He Le succeeded in creating lifelike figures that stress children’s entertainment and imagination and played ____38____ essential role in the ancient times.
【附：解析】
一、阅读理解
【A篇】
【语篇导读】：本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与自我。最近的头条新闻声称，有规律的午睡可以让大脑更大，减缓神经老化。文章对此进行了介绍。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“Recent headlines claimed that regular napping (打盹) can build a bigger brain and slow neural (神经的) aging.(最近的头条新闻声称，有规律的午睡可以让大脑更大，减缓神经老化。)”可知，这项研究的主要发现是有规律的午睡对人的大脑有好处。故选A。
2.C 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Thanks to the data in the UK Biobank, they were able to link numerous gene variants (变体) to a greater likelihood of napping in 378,932 subjects (all of whom were aged 40 to 69).(多亏了英国生物银行的数据，他们能够将378,932名受试者（年龄均在40至69岁之间）的许多基因变异与更大的午睡可能性联系起来。)”可知，研究过程中可能使用了数据分析的调查方法。故选C。
3.A 词句猜测题。根据第四段最后一句中的“this difference roughly equals to the difference in brain volume between people with normal cognitive (认知的) function(这一差异大致相当于具有正常认知功能的人和……的脑容量差异)”可知，此处是指具有正常认知功能的人和认知能力有损的人，所以impairment意为“损伤”。故选A。
4.D推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“Additionally, as the brain is easily the most important organ in the body, it’s quite possible that people with larger brains simply need to nap more, rather than napping actually increasing their brain size. So don’t look to napping as an ideal way to buff up your brain.(此外，由于大脑是人体最重要的器官，很有可能大脑更大的人只是需要更多的午睡，而不是午睡实际上增加了他们的大脑体积。所以，不要把午睡看作是锻炼大脑的理想方式。)”可知，泰拉 斯皮尔斯-霍恩教授可能会认同小睡对人的大脑影响不大的看法。故选D。
【B篇】
【语篇导读】：本文的语篇类型是演讲稿，主题语境为人与社会。作者提醒大家在追求快节奏的生活中，要培养有目的、系统、慢慢地前行的习惯，反思所接触的思想，并修复世界上的问题；演讲者指出现代化社会追求速度和表面的趋势，并提出与其“快速前行并破坏”，不如相反地行事。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第六段中“This ethos also has gone into the DNA of newer online platforms that prioritize,rather harmfully, speed over depth.(这种精神也融入了较新的在线平台的DNA，这些平台优先考虑速度而不是深度)”可知演讲者担心这次演讲的听众可能会变得太肤浅。
6.A 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Many of the innovations on which society has come to rely are the fruit of a mantra (口号) first expressed by Mark Zuckerberg. ”Move fast and break things”, he instructed his staff at Facebook around the time of its 2004 launch, “Unless you are breaking stuff’, he continued, “you are not moving fast enough. ”(社会所依赖的许多创新都是马克 扎克伯格首次表达的口头禅的成果。“快速行动，打破陈规”，Facebook在2004年推出时，他这样指导员工，“除非你要打破陈规，”他继续说道，“否则你的行动还不够快。”)”可推知，作者提到Mark Zuckerberg是为他的演讲提供一些背景资料。
7.D 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“I am not against technological progress. I treasure the benefits of technological advance to our lives and our relationships.(我并不反对技术进步。我珍惜技术进步给我们的生活和人际关系带来的好处)”指出技术的好处，由but可知，前后是转折关系，划线词所在句子“But the trend we have developed for the immediate divests us of the time and space necessary for careful reflection(但我们为眼前发展的趋势divests us of我们仔细反思所需的时间和空间)”应该是介绍技术的缺点，即们为眼前发展的趋势使我们失去了仔细反思所需的时间和空间，由此可知，划线短语意为“使我们失去”，与D项“阻止我们拥有”意思相近。
8.C 推理判断题。根据第二段“Today, I want to urge you to cultivate the habit of moving purposefully, systematically, slowly,not necessarily to slow down your pace in four years’ time, but to reflect on the ideas to which you will be exposed, and to be in a position to repair what is broken in the world you will then enter.(今天，我想敦促大家养成有目的地、有系统、缓慢前进的习惯，不一定要在四年的时间里放慢脚步，而是要反思一下你将接触到的想法，并处于一种修复世界上被破坏的东西，然后你将进入)”可推知，演讲者的演讲主要是为了让听众放慢速度，解决问题。
二、七选五
【语篇导读】：本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与自我。如今，脱发是很多中国年轻人普遍关心的问题，脱发可能是由多种因素引起的。文章主要介绍了引起脱发的原因以及如何解决脱发问题。
9. C 上文“Nowadays hair loss is a common concern for many young people in China, and it can be caused by a variety of factors.(如今，脱发已成为中国许多年轻人的普遍担忧，脱发的原因有多种。)”指出脱发的原因有多种，下文“One common cause of hair loss in young people is genetics.(年轻人脱发的常见原因之一是遗传。)”，“In addition to genetics, certain medical conditions and treatments can also contribute to hair loss in young people.(除了遗传因素外，某些医疗条件和治疗也会导致年轻人脱发。)”介绍了脱发的原因，由此可知，空处承上启下，指出我们应该了解脱发的原因，C项“了解原因可以帮助个人采取积极措施来解决问题。”符合，故选C。
10. F 上文“Male and female pattern baldness, is a hereditary (遗传的) condition that can lead to hair thinning and loss.(男性和女性型秃发是一种遗传性疾病，可导致头发稀疏和脱落)”指出脱发是一种遗传性疾病，下文“And it also features overall thinning of the hair in women.(它还具有女性头发整体稀疏的特点。)”介绍了这种脱发的特点，其中的also表明空处也应是介绍脱发的特点，F项“这种类型的脱发通常以男性发际线消失或发冠变薄为特征。”符合，故选F。
11. A 下文“Poor nutrition, too busy work, and certain hairstyling practices can contribute to hair thinning. (营养不良、工作太忙以及某些发型设计方法都会导致头发稀疏。)”具体指出营养不良、工作太忙以及某些发型设计方法都会导致头发稀疏，营养不良、工作太忙以及某些发型设计方法这些都属于生活方式方面的因素，A项“生活方式因素也会导致年轻人脱发。”符合，概括本段，故选A。
12. B 下文“This includes tight hairstyles, frequent use of heat styling tools, and harsh chemical treatments. (这包括扎紧的发型、频繁使用热定型工具以及刺激性的化学处理。)”具体介绍了使头发脱发的一些做法，空处应指出“This”的具体内容，B项“此外，使劲拉伸头发会导致头发受损和脱落。”符合，使劲拉伸头发包括扎紧的发型、频繁使用热定型工具以及刺激性的化学处理，故选B。
13. E 上文“Consulting with a healthcare professional, such as a dermatologist (皮肤病医生) or trichologist.(咨询医疗保健专业人士，例如皮肤科医生或毛发学家)”指出要咨询医疗保健专业人士，空处承接上文，指出这么做的好处，E项“这可以帮助确定脱发的原因并制定个性化的治疗计划。”符合，This代指上文Consulting with a healthcare professional，故选E。
三、完形填空
【语篇导读】：本文的语篇类型是记叙文，主题语境为人与自我。主要讲述了作者在圣诞节偶遇了一只小狗，并收养了它，狗狗的出现给作者带来了极大的影响，缓解了他的孤独，增加了他的快乐。
14. B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我凝视着窗外，诅咒着雪。A. enjoying享受；B. cursing诅咒；C. monitoring监测；D. envying嫉妒。根据后文“Damn holidays”可知，作者不喜欢假期下雪。故选B项。
15. A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从床上爬起来，沮丧地走向厨房。A. depression沮丧；B. surprise惊喜；C. alarm警报；D. tiredness劳累。根据前文“__1___ the snow. Damn holidays”可知，由于假期下雪，作者心情不好。故选A项。
16. B 考形容词词义辨析。句意：我给自己做了饭，没什么特别的。A. dramatic戏剧的；B. fancy花哨的，奢华的；C. solid坚固的；D. justified有正当理由的。根据后文“I wasn’t the best cook so I just made myself a stir fry”可知，作者的饭很平常，一点都不丰盛。故选B项。
17. A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不是最好的厨师，所以我只是给自己炒了一个菜，计划今天就到此为止。A. called称呼；B. made制作；C. put放置；D. took带走。根据前文“I made myself dinner”及“I just made myself a stir fry”可知，作者计划吃完这个菜，今天就到此为止。call it a day表示“就此结束”。故选A项。
18. D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我抓起武士刀走下楼梯。A. handled处理；B. drilled钻孔；C. fixed使固定；D. grabbed抓住。根据后文“the katana”可知，作者怀疑有贼进入，所以抓起武士刀走下楼梯。故选D项。
19. C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我搜遍了整个房子，直到我找到了一只小狗，又可爱又天真。A. committed忠诚的；B. outgoing外向的；C. innocent无辜的，天真的；D. dangerous危险的。根据前文“found a puppy, so cute”可知，作者没有发现贼，找到了一只可爱天真的小狗。故选C项。
20. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我忍不住对这个家伙笑了。A. glare怒视；B. laugh嘲笑；C. smile微笑；D. shout大喊。根据前文“I found a puppy, so cute and__6___”可知，天真可爱的小狗逗笑了作者。故选C项。
21. D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我一边想着，一边给亚瑟洗了澡，用毛巾擦干他。A. blouse衬衣；B. fire火；C. friend朋友；D. towel毛巾。根据前文“I washed Arthur up and dried him”可知，给小狗洗完澡，应用毛巾擦干。故选D项。
22. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我整晚都和我的新朋友在一起。A. fighting斗争；B. interfering干涉；C. sticking粘，贴；D. combining结合。根据后文“with my new friend”可知，作者一整晚都和小狗呆在一起。stick with sb表示“和某人在一起”。故选C项。
23. D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我多年来第一次在节日里感到一点快乐。A. part部分；B. number数字；C. sort种类；D. bit小块，小部分。根据下文“of joy I felt during the holidays in years”可知，小狗的出现，给作者孤独的生活带来了一点儿喜悦。故选D项。
24. B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来的一周，亚瑟和我在假期里在Netflix上看爱情电影，睡觉，或者用家里的食物塞满我们的嘴巴。A. engaging参与；B. stuffing塞满；C. digesting消化；D. loading装载。根据后文“our mouths with the food”可知，作者和小狗在假期里狂吃食物。故选B项。
25. A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：亚瑟真的对我的生活产生了我从未想过的影响。A. possible可能的；B. accessible可利用的；C. appropriate合适的；D. essential重要的。根据前文“It was probably the happiest I’ve been in months.”及“Arthur really made an impact on my life that I never thought”可知，小狗对作者的生活产生了重大的影响，而作者之前从未想过这样的事情发生。故选A项。
26. C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不过，我并不介意。A. forgive宽恕；B. demand需要；C. mind介意；D. accept接受。根据前文“My friend called him ‘mama’s boy’ or something silly like that.”及后文“though”可知，作者并不介意朋友的说法。故选C项。
27. D 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每年圣诞节那天，我都感谢上帝给了我这份礼物。A. time时间；B. opportunity机会；C. access通道，入口；D. gift礼物。根据前文“I thanked God for giving me”可知，作者认为小狗是上帝给予他的礼物，帮助他缓解孤独，给他带来欢乐。故选D项。
28. A 考查副词词义辨析。句意：有亚瑟在身边，我由衷地感到幸运。A. sincerely真诚地；B. elegantly优雅地；C. practically实际地；D. distinctly清楚地。根据前文“I thanked God”及后文“felt blessed with My Arthur”可知，小狗的出现使作者由衷地感到幸运。故选A项。
四、语法填空
【语篇导读】：本文的语篇类型是说明文，主题语境为人与社会。本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宋朝时深受儿童喜爱的玩具“磨喝乐”。
29. which 考查定语从句。句意：在宋代，有一种深受喜爱的玩具叫做“磨喝乐”，被誉为当时的“芭比娃娃”。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词Mo He Le作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。
30. popularity 考查名词。句意：磨喝乐在中国传统的七夕节流行起来，并被广泛售卖。分析句子可知，空处作gained的宾语，popular的名词形式popularity“流行，受欢迎”符合题意，为不可数名词，表示流行起来。故填popularity。
31.and 考查连词。句意：磨喝乐在中国传统的七夕节流行起来，并被广泛售卖。分析句子可知，空处连接前后两个谓语成分，两者之间是顺承关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。
32. featuring 考查非谓语动词。句意：它主要由木头和粘土材料制作而成，在体形、面部表情和头发上都有复杂的细节。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处的行为和谓语行为同时发生，空处作伴随状语，feature“以……为特色，以……为主要组成”和It逻辑上是主动关系，应用feature的现在分词形式。故填featuring。
33. fixed 考查形容词。句意：一些磨喝乐人物甚至有固定的姿势，其典型特征是手持荷花和荷叶。分析句子可知，空处是修饰poses的定语，fix的形容词形式fixed“固定的”符合题意，表示固定的姿势。故填fixed。
34. uncommon 考查形容词。句意：孩子们模仿这些玩具的外观并不罕见。分析句子可知，空处作表语，根据“for children to copy the appearance of these toys”可推知，此处指孩子们模仿这些玩具的外观并不“罕见”，common的反义词uncommon“罕见的，不寻常的”符合题意。故填uncommon。
35. have attracted/have been attracting 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：芭比娃娃以其时尚的风格和多样的服装吸引了全世界孩子们的注意。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合句子内容可推知，时态可用现在完成时，表示动作从过去开始发生，持续到现在，也可用现在完成进行时，表示动作从过去开始发生，会继续进行下去，主语Barbie dolls为复数，助动词用have。故填have attracted/have been attracting。
36. Similarly 考查副词。句意：同样，磨喝乐也以其独特的风格和迷人的外表吸引了孩子们。分析句子可知，空处修饰整个句子，结合句子所表示的情况和前一句相似可知，similar的副词形式similarly“相似地，同样”符合题意，且空处位于句首，similarly的首字母需大写。故填Similarly。
37. Despite 考查介词。句意：尽管是由不同的材料制成的，磨喝乐成功地创造了逼真的人物，强调儿童的娱乐和想象力，在古代发挥了重要作用。空后为动名词短语，表示“由不同的材料制成”，逗号后的句子表示“磨喝乐成功地创造了逼真的人物”，表明相反的两方面，因此空处应用意为“尽管”的介词despite，且空处位于句首，despite的首字母需大写。故填Despite。
38. an 考查冠词。句意：尽管是由不同的材料制成的，磨喝乐成功地创造了逼真的人物，强调儿童的娱乐和想象力，在古代发挥了重要作用。根据空前“played”和空后“essential role in”可推知，此处用固定短语play a role in表示“在某事中起某种作用”，且essential的发音以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。