2023-2024学年度高二下学期第一次月考英语试卷
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman’s cat do when it sees mice
A. It stays still. B. It acts friendly towards them. C. It tries to catch them.
2. Where are the speakers probably
A. At home. B. At the school. C. In the hospital.
3. Why is the woman growing sunflowers
A. To eat the seeds. B. To enjoy the flowers. C. To sell the seeds.
4. What is the man’s attitude toward the rise of fuel cost
A. Worried. B. Unconcerned. C. Positive.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. Ways to save water. B. Schools’ facilities. C. Cities’water supply.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. When did the man build his first computer
A. In junior high school. B. In senior high school. C. At the university.
7. How do some people find technology
A. Interesting. B. Wonderful. C. Dangerous.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is the relationship between the speakers
A. A couple. B. Classmates. C. Colleagues.
9. What do the speakers decide to do
A. Stop using paper cups.
B. Prepare boxes for different waste.
C. Reduce the use of paper, plastic and cans.
听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。
10. What sport has NOT been accepted by the Olympic Committee
A Bowling. B. Climbing. C. Skateboarding.
11. What does Lucy’s grandma often do with her friends
A. She watches TV. B. She plays card game. C. She plays computer games.
12. Why does the man suggest including Bridge in the Olympics
A. Because the winner will be obvious.
B. Because the game will be widely spread.
C. Because the older age group will be involved.
13. How do the speakers sound at the end of the conversation
A. Optimistic. B. Humorous. C. Curious.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. When did the novel come out
A. Last month. B. In 1973. C. In 1978.
15. What is the novel based on
A. Individual experiences. B. Historical stories. C. A new agricultural study.
16. How did the girl’s uncle get his life changed
A. By writing this novel.
B. By working hard in the countryside.
C. By taking the college entrance examination.
17. What can be learned from this conversation
A. The girl’s uncle lived a comfortable life in the 1970s.
B. The girl’s uncle used to be a factory worker.
C. The girl’s uncle had stayed in the countryside for about 5 years.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What probably happened around Fountain Hills during last winter
A. All animals died off. B. It didn’t rain much. C. Many chemicals were used.
19. Why did a lot of bees disappear
A. They were eaten by birds.
B. They were dying off themselves.
C. They were killed by the government.
20. What do the scientists offer to do
A. To bring bees to the town.
B. To tell people the importance of bees.
C. To teach farmers how to grow food better.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Train Information
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
Lost property(失物招领)
Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services.
The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located(位于)at Roma Street station.
Public holidays
On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days，i.e.
Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate.
Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable，Before travel please visit . au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.
Customers using mobility devices
Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms.
For assistance, please Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.
Guardian trains (outbound)
Depart Origin Destination Arrive
6:42pm Altandi Varsity Lakes 7:37pm
7:29pm Central Varsity Lakes 8:52pm
8:57pm Fortitude Valley Varsity Lakes 9:52pm
11:02pm Roma Street Varsity Lakes 12:22am
1. What would you do to get ticket information
A. Call 13 16 17. B. Visit .au.
C. Ask at the local station. D. Check the train schedule.
2. At which station can you find the lost property office
A. Altandi. B. Roma Street. C. Varsity Lakes. D. Fortitude Valley.
3. Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes
A. 6:42 pm. B. 7:29 pm. C. 8:57 pm. D. 11:02 pm.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些火车信息，包括失物招领、公共假期安排以及列车出发时间等信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中For ticket information, please ask your local station or call 13 12 30.可知查询车票信息，请向您当地的车站询问或拨打131230。由此可知，你可以询问当地车站或拨打131230来获得车票信息。故选C。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Lost property部分中The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located at Roma Street station.可知失物招领处周一至周五早上7:30到下午5:00营业，位于罗马街车站。由此可知，在Roma Street你可以找到失物招领办公室。故选B。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Guardian trans部分中信息，可知从起始地Central出发，开往目的地Varsity Lakes的火车是下午7:29开车。由此可知，如果你要从Central去往Varsity Lakes，你应当乘坐下午7:29的火车。故选B。
B
In 2016, when I was on the graduate scheme (计划) at Deutsche Bank, Marie Inafidon, chief executive of Stemettes, who encourages girls to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM), was also working there. I didn’t meet her at the time, but I did read an article about her and her career.
Learning at 21 years old about the career of a young black woman’s succeeding in a traditionally white male-dominated industry was one of the most influential things that ever happened to me. It gave me confidence that it was possible to do well in the office and work on personal external project at the same time.
Role models can play a central role in shaping a young professional’s career. They are especially important if you belong to an under-represented group for whom a lack of representation in the workplace can lead to feeling isolated and lacking in confidence. They can help those just starting out, whether or not they are a graduate as I was, to believe in their own abilities.
There’s a growing need to have accessible role models. Given the tendency to exaggerate (夸大) success stories, hearing from women who talk honestly about the challenges they have faced, either when starting a business or forming a new career path, is much more effective. A study revealed that 70 per cent of girls say they think differently about their futures after hearing from women role models.
I’m frequently asked about what businesses could be doing to increase racial diversity in the workplace. A good starting point is to actively promote and support the voices of the people in the organisation that are leading positive change and inspiring others. This makes a real difference. Unlike the tokenism (装样子) I still come across, which results in individuals being made the lone representative for a group without real support from the organisation.
Things came full circle for me when I interviewed Ms Inafidon for my book in 2019. I was able to tell her of the incredible impact her passion and confidence had had on me as a graduate trainee and how grateful I would always be for that.
4. What do we learn about Marie Inafidon？
A. She became successful at 21.
B. She was a trainee at Deutsche Bank.
C. She encouraged girls to take up STEM-related work.
D. She helped the author with her external project personally.
5. Who can benefit most from role models in the work place according to the third paragraph？
A. Experienced professionals. B. A graduate eager to succeed.
C. People without special abilities. D. The young from an under-represented group.
6. What is effective in changing girls’ mindset？
A. Taking on challenging projects.
B. Reading more made-up success stories.
C. Starting their own business as early as possible.
D. Listening to women role models share their experiences.
7. What should businesses do to increase racial diversity in the workplace according to the author
A. Encourage positive opinions.
B. Make more colored people authorities.
C. Include more people of different races.
D. Understand the true meaning of tokenism.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过亲身经历阐明了榜样的力量。榜样可以在塑造年轻专业人士的职业生涯中发挥核心作用。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Marie Inafidon, chief executive of Stemettes, who encourages girls to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM), was also working there. (鼓励女孩从事科学、技术、工程和数学（STEM）职业的Stemettes首席执行官Marie Inafidon也在那里工作。)”可知，Marie Inafidon鼓励女孩从事STEM相关工作。故选C。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Role models can play a central role in shaping a young professional's career. They are especially important if you belong to an under-represented group for whom a lack of representation in the workplace can lead to feeling isolated and lacking in confidence. They can help those just starting out, whether or not they are a graduate as I was, to believe in their own abilities. (榜样可以在塑造年轻专业人士的职业生涯中发挥核心作用。如果你属于一个代表性不足的群体，在工作场所缺乏代表性会导致你感到孤立和缺乏信心，那么它们尤其重要。他们可以帮助那些刚起步的人，无论他们是否像我一样毕业，相信自己的能力。)”可知，来自代表性不足群体的年轻人能从工作场所的榜样中受益最大。故选D。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Given the tendency to exaggerate (夸大) success stories, hearing from women who talk honestly about the challenges they have faced, either when starting a business or forming a new career path, is much more effective. A study revealed that 70 per cent of girls say they think differently about their futures after hearing from women role models. (考虑到夸大成功故事的倾向，听取那些诚实地谈论自己在创业或形成新的职业道路时所面临挑战的女性的意见要有效得多。一项研究显示，70%的女孩表示，在听取了女性榜样的意见后，她们对自己的未来有了不同的看法。)”可知，倾听女性榜样，分享她们的经历能有效地改变女孩的心态。故选D。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“I’m frequently asked about what businesses could be doing to increase racial diversity in the workplace. A good starting point is to actively promote and support the voices of the people in the organisation that are leading positive change and inspiring others. (我经常被问到企业可以做些什么来增加工作场所的种族多样性。一个好的起点是积极促进和支持组织中领导积极变革和激励他人的人们的声音。)”可知，企业应该鼓励积极的意见来增加工作场所的种族多样性。故选A。
C
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to make sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
8. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
9. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
10. What function is expected of the rail drones
A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.
C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.
11. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可推知，无人机在高空工作的能力使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知，花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”。由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词和 C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段 “Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.(带有先进传感器和人工智能的非常小的无人机可以像副驾驶一样在火车前面行驶。凭借它们的预见能力，它们可以发出任何问题的信号，以便快速行驶的火车能够及时做出反应)”可推知，对于无人机期待的功能是提前发现问题。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to make sure that the millions of kilometers of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
【点睛】
D
From writing Shakespeare-style poetry to making music, ChatGPT has amazed he world since its launch in late 2022 by the US-based company OpenAI. It even passed several law exams in four courses at the Unlversity of Minnesota, US.
The AI program can answer questions on a whole host of topics and write essays, stories and any other written texts you can think of. It does this by drawing on information collected from a large corpus (语料库) of text data.
What makes ChatGPT so impressive As Sam Altman, the CEO of OpenAI said n an interview, “It’s not actually a fundamentally new technology that made this (ChatGPT) have a moment.” According to MIT Technology Review, ChatGPT is based on GPT-3, a large language model. Because texts are more complex than the meaning of every word combined, language models require a type of neural network (神经网络) that can make sense of texts.
One breakthrough behind today’s model is a network called Transformer, which was invented by Google researchers in 2017. The neural network can infer word meanings by tracking where the word appears in a sentence. Transformer can therefore gather the meaning of texts more accurately.
The GPT models were built by OpenAI combined Transformer with unsupervised (无人指导的) learning, meaning that the models can learn by themselves without being told what to look at. ChatGPT can now generate human-like responses instantly due to the large scale (规模) of texts It made sense of and learned from.
“One of the biggest problems with ChatGPT is that it comes back, very confidently, with falsities,” Michael Wooldridge at the Alan Turing Institute in London, UK. This means that ChatGPT doesn’t know the truth about the world — it learns information from various resources but It cannot decide what is true or false. As for education, many US schools recently banned students from using ChatGPT on school networks because students began to use it as a shortcut for essays.
12. What aspect of ChatGPT is most impressive
A. The neural network. B. The large text database.
C. The ability to combine words. D. The application of technology.
13. What is the key to ChatGPT’s response like humans
A. Data-based communication. B. Learning from masses of texts.
C. Human-guided machine learning. D. Collecting texts for a large corpus.
14. What is the author’s attitude toward ChatGPT
A. Supportive. B. Confused. C. Objective. D. Confident.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Is ChatGPT a Good Translator
B. Should ChatGPT be Banned at School
C. Can ChatGPT Choose True Information
D. Will ChatGPT be the Wonder of Modern Technology
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了ChatGPT的工作原理以及带来的负面影响。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Because texts are more complex than the meaning of every word combined, language models require a type of neural network (神经网络) that can make sense of texts.(由于文本比每个单词的含义加起来更复杂，语言模型需要一种能够理解文本的神经网络)”可知，ChatGPT有能够理解文本的神经网络是让人印象深刻的方面。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The AI program can answer questions on a whole host of topics and write essays, stories and any other written texts you can think of.(人工智能程序可以回答一系列主题的问题，并撰写文章、故事和你能想到的任何其他书面文本)”，第三段“Because texts are more complex than the meaning of every word combined, language models require a type of neural network (神经网络) that can make sense of texts.(由于文本比每个单词的含义加起来更复杂，语言模型需要一种能够理解文本的神经网络)”以及第五段“The GPT models were built by OpenAI combined Transformer with unsupervised (无人指导的) learning, meaning that the models can learn by themselves without being told what to look at.(GPT模型是由OpenAI将Transformer与无监督学习相结合构建的，这意味着模型可以自己学习，而无需被告知要看什么)”可推知，ChatGPT使用的语言模型能够理解文本，有了理解力，ChatGPT在大量的学习后就表现得像人了。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。文章的前五段描述了ChatGPT的工作原理以以及它的技术上的优势。最后一段““One of the biggest problems with ChatGPT is that it comes back, very confidently, with falsities,” Michael Wooldridge at the Alan Turing Institute in London, UK. This means that ChatGPT doesn’t know the truth about the world — it learns information from various resources but It cannot decide what is true or false. As for education, many US schools recently banned students from using ChatGPT on school networks because students began to use it as a shortcut for essays.(英国伦敦艾伦图灵研究所的Michael Wooldridge说：“ChatGPT最大的问题之一是，它非常自信地带着虚假信息回来了。”这意味着ChatGPT不知道世界的真相——它从各种资源中学习信息，但无法决定什么是真的或假的。至于教育，许多美国学校最近禁止学生在学校网络上使用ChatGPT，因为学生们开始将其作为作文的快捷方式)”可知，最后一段阐述了ChatGPT所产生的负面影响。由此推知，作者对ChatGPT态度是客观的。故选C。
15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“From writing Shakespeare-style poetry to making music, ChatGPT has amazed he world since its launch in late 2022 by the US-based company OpenAI. It even passed several law exams in four courses at the Unlversity of Minnesota, US.(从创作莎士比亚风格的诗歌到制作音乐，自2022年末由美国OpenAI公司推出以来，ChatGPT一直让世界惊叹不已。它甚至通过了美国明尼苏达大学四门课程的几次法律考试)”以及全文可知，文章主要讲述了ChatGPT自从被发明以来，给人们能带来了不少的惊喜，以及介绍了它的工作原理，技术上的优势以及带来的负面影响。由此可知，“ChatGPT会成为现代技术的奇迹吗？”适合作本文的标题。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Micro habits are simple practices that you can usually do in a few minutes. ___16___. Making positive micro habits and keeping them regularly can be an effective way to improve your life. Here are some great examples of micro habits you can start today.
Read an inspiring story
___17___. Look up stories of people helping people or stories of hope and write down what lessons you can learn from them. Many stories can be read in a matter of minutes, making this a great micro habit.
Set a productivity timer
Having difficulty concentrating at work Setting a productivity timer will help you focus on the task at hand. You can set that timer for whatever amount of time you have-fifteen minutes, thirty minutes, sixty minutes — and develop the habit of working consistently during that period. ___18___. Let these minutes be your time to be positive and productive.
Set a break timer
Much like the previous micro habit, set a break timer for yourself in between your periods of productivity. Set that timer and commit to giving yourself a break. ___19___. If your job has you on your feet, take a rest by sitting in a quiet space. If you sit at a desk, get up and walk around.
Text a friend
As we find happiness in our own life, what can we do to bring happiness to others Take two minutes out of your day to text a friend and tell them how much you care about them. List out how they have had a positive effect on your life. You’ll be surprised how much this micro habit will bring a smile to their face, and your own. ___20___.
A. Just remember, it’s not a race
B. That’s why micro habits are so great
C. Use that time to step away from your work
D. But that doesn’t mean they are less impactful
E. Nothing creates happiness faster than spreading it
F. You can do this by calling up a friend to tell them a funny story
G. Reading about other people’s success stories can give you motivation
【答案】16. D 17. G 18. A 19. C 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了几种可以养成的微习惯。
【16题详解】
前文“Micro habits are simple practices that you can usually do in a few minutes.(微习惯是你通常可以在几分钟内完成的简单练习)”表明微习惯是简单练习，后文“Making positive micro habits and keeping them regularly can be an effective way to improve your life.(养成积极的小习惯并定期保持它们是改善你生活的有效方法)”表明微习惯的好处，D选项“但这并不意味着他们的影响力更小”中they指代前文中的micro habits，表明微习惯虽然微小，但是有一定的影响力，承上启下。故选D项。
17题详解】
本段讲述其中一个微习惯是“读一个励志故事”，后文“Look up stories of people helping people or stories of hope and write down what lessons you can learn from them.(查找人们帮助别人的故事或充满希望的故事，并写下你能从中学到的教训)”具体说明了哪些故事，G选项“阅读别人的成功故事可以给你动力”表明阅读励志故事的好处，与此处语境相符。故选G项。
【18题详解】
前文“You can set that timer for whatever amount of time you have-fifteen minutes, thirty minutes, sixty minutes — and develop the habit of working consistently during that period.(你可以把计时器设定在你有多少时间——15分钟、30分钟、60分钟——并养成在这段时间内坚持工作的习惯)”并结合本段小标题可知，本段讲述了要设置一个效率计时器，应该讲到要充分利用这段时间，高效率做好自己的事情，不要盲目地赶时间，A选项“记住，这不是一场比赛”符合语境。故选A项。
【19题详解】
本段小标题讲述要设置一个休息计时器，前文“Set that timer and commit to giving yourself a break.(设置计时器，让自己休息一下)”可知，本段与设置休息计时器有关，推断此段是为了让自己休息并且远离工作，C选项“利用这段时间远离你的工作”与前文语境一致相符。故选C项。
【20题详解】
前文“Take two minutes out of your day to text a friend and tell them how much you care about them. List out how they have had a positive effect on your life. You’ll be surprised how much this micro habit will bring a smile to their face, and your own.(每天花两分钟给朋友发短信，告诉他们你有多在乎他们。列出他们是如何对你的生活产生积极影响的。你会惊讶地发现，这个小习惯会给他们和你自己带来多少微笑)”表明微习惯的积极影响是可以传播的，E选项“没有什么比传播快乐更快的了”符合语境。故选E项。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处最佳选项。
John and Mary were approaching their home town by car when they noticed some smoke. Mary said. “Oh, well, it isn’t our house on ___21___ . Let’s go home.”
John, however, ___22___ up and they were both horror-stricken to ___23___ the whole house was burning. A woman was ___24___ , “The children! Get the children!” John grabbed her, “Where are they ” “In the basement,” she cried.
Despite Mary’s ___25___ , John quickly soaked (浸湿) his clothes and ran to the basement which was full of smoke and extremely ___26___ . He found the door and ___27___ two children, holding one under each arm. As he ___28___ , he could hear some more whimpering (抽泣). He ___29___ the two badly frightened children into the arms of the people ____30____ outside, asking how many more children were down there. They told him two more. Mary wanted to stop him again, “John! Don’t go back! That house will ____31____ in any second!”
But he went back anyway. It took him a very long time to find the two children. They three were all ____32____ and they bent to get some ____33____ air. As they stumbled (蹒跚而行) up the endless steps, something strangely ____34____ went through his mind. The little bodies he had just ____35____ were his own children.
21. A. sale B. fire C. air D. duty
22. A. showed B. walked C. drove D. climbed
23. A. see B. cover C. check D. explain
24. A. joking B. noting C. arguing D. screaming
25. A. encouragement B. opposition C. agreement D. judgement
26. A. noisy B. wet C. hot D. small
27. A. grabbed B. invited C. touched D. beat
28. A. left B. rested C. fell D. wandered
29. A. cast B. delivered C. pulled D. changed
30. A. running B. waving C. aching D. waiting
31. A. burn B. appear C. collapse D. expand
32. A. laughing B. coughing C. crying D. whispering
33. A. warm B. smelly C. fresh D. dirty
34. A. sad B. exciting C. happy D. familiar
35. A. treated B. buried C. lost D. rescued
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A 24. D 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. B 33. C 34. D 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了不顾玛丽的反对，约翰坚持去着火的地下室救人，最后发现他救到了自己的孩子。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：哦，好吧，不是我们的房子着火了。A. sale出售；B. fire火；C. air空气；D. duty责任。根据上文“John and Mary were approaching their home town by car when they noticed some smoke.”以及下文“the whole house was burning”可知，整栋房子都在燃烧，此处表示玛丽说不是自己的房子着火了。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，约翰开车过来，看到整栋房子都在燃烧，他们都吓坏了。A. showed显示；B. walked步行；C. drove驾驶；D. climbed爬。根据上文“John and Mary were approaching their home town by car”可知，约翰和玛丽在开车，所以此处表示约翰开车过来。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，约翰开车过来，看到整栋房子都在燃烧，他们都吓坏了。A. see见；B. cover覆盖；C. check检查；D. explain解释。根据下文“the whole house was burning”以及语境可知，此处表示他们看到整栋房子都在燃烧。故选A项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个女人正在尖叫，“孩子们！救救孩子们！”A. joking开玩笑；B. noting注意到；C. arguing争论；D. screaming尖叫。根据下文“The children! Get the children!”以及语境可知，房子着火了，所以这个女人在尖叫，希望有人去救孩子们。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：约翰不顾玛丽的反对，迅速把衣服浸湿，跑到烟雾弥漫、酷热难耐的地下室。A. encouragement鼓励；B. opposition反对；C. agreement协议；D. judgement判断。根据上文“Mary said. “Oh, well, it isn’t our house on ___1___ . Let’s go home.””以及下文“Mary wanted to stop him again,”可知，此处表示玛丽认为着火的不是自己的房子，想要回家，此时玛丽反对约翰去救人。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：约翰不顾玛丽的反对，迅速把衣服浸湿，跑到烟雾弥漫、酷热难耐的地下室。A. noisy嘈杂的；B. wet湿的；C. hot热的；D. small小的。根据上文“the whole house was burning”以及常识可知，着火后，房子会变得充满烟，并且很热。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他找到门，抓住两个孩子，每个胳膊下夹着一个。A. grabbed抓住；B. invited邀请；C. touched触摸；D. beat击败。根据下文“two children, holding one under each arm.”可知，此处表示约翰抓住两个孩子，每个胳膊下边夹着一个孩子。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他离开时，他能听到更多的呜咽声。A. left离开；B. rested休息；C. fell下降；D. wandered游荡。根据下文“he could hear some more whimpering. He ___9___ the two badly frightened children into the arms of the people ___10___ outside,”可知，此处表示在约翰离开火场时，他听到了更多的哭声，所以他把两个孩子送出去后，询问地下室还有多少孩子。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把两个吓坏了的孩子抱到外面等着的人怀里，问下面还有多少孩子。A. cast投掷；B. delivered移交；C. pulled拉；D. changed改变。根据下文“the two badly frightened children into the arms of the people ___10___ outside”以及语境可知，约翰从地下室救了两个孩子后，将孩子们移交到外面人们的怀里。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把两个吓坏了的孩子抱到外面等着的人怀里，问下面还有多少孩子。A. running运行；B. waving挥动；C. aching疼痛；D. waiting等待。根据上文“A woman was ___4___ , “The children! Get the children!””可知，在约翰去救人时，有人在外边等候。故选D项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：那房子马上就会倒塌！A. burn燃烧；B. appear出现；C. collapse倒塌；D. expand扩大。根据上文“the whole house was burning”以及语境可推知，整栋房子都在燃烧，玛丽再次阻止约翰时，会说房子马上就会倒塌。故选C项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们三个都在咳嗽，弯下腰呼吸新鲜空气。A. laughing大笑；B. coughing咳嗽；C. crying哭泣；D. whispering窃窃私语。根据上文“John quickly soaked (浸湿) his clothes and ran to the basement which was full of smoke and extremely ___6___ .”以及常识可知，地下室里都是烟，所以三人都在咳嗽。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们三个都在咳嗽，弯下腰呼吸新鲜空气。A. warm温暖的；B. smelly气味难闻的；C. fresh新鲜的；D. dirty肮脏的。根据上文“John quickly soaked (浸湿) his clothes and ran to the basement which was full of smoke and extremely ___6___ .”以及常识可知，发生火灾时，房间有很多的烟，人们需要弯下腰来呼吸新鲜的空气。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他们跌跌撞撞地走上无尽的台阶时，一种奇怪的熟悉感在他的脑海中闪过。A. sad悲伤的；B. exciting令人兴奋的；C. happy快乐的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据下文“The little bodies he had just ___15___ were his own children.”可知，约翰之后救的孩子是他自己的孩子，所以此处表示约翰有一种熟悉的感觉。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他刚刚救出的小小身体是他自己的孩子。A. treated治疗；B. buried埋藏；C. lost丢失；D. rescued营救。根据上文“But he went back anyway. It took him a very long time to find the two children.”可知，约翰再次回到着火的地下室，救出了孩子。故选D项。
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Albert Einstein, perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered as one of ____36____ smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous ____37____ (contribute)to the world, the most well-known ____38____ (be) the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. He was not only a genius, but also a ____39____ (courage) and kind person.
Einstein was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. He ____40____ (enter) university in 1896 and graduated in 1900. In 1905, he earned a doctorate in physics and published four extraordinary physics papers. In 1922, he ____41____ (award) the Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. In 1933, he was forced ____42____ (flee) Germany and ____43____ (eventual) took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA.
Although Einstein was a genius, he sometimes, forgot things. He was loved by his friends and neighbors for his humor. He even made friends with a little girl, ____44____ asked for help with her homework.
In 1955, Einstein passed ____45____. The whole world mourned the great loss of the scientist. Till now, Einstein is remembered and respected by the public.
【答案】36. the
37. contributions
38. being 39. courageous
40. entered
41. was awarded
42. to flee
43. eventually
44. who 45. away
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍的是Albert Einstein的生平和伟大成就。
【36题详解】
考查定冠词。句意：阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦，也许是现代物理学中最伟大的科学家，经常被认为是有史以来最聪明的人之一。smartest是最高级，前面需加定冠词the，故填the。
【37题详解】
考查名词的复数。句意：他对世界做出了许多贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E=mc2。numerous后跟名词的复数，contribute的名词是contribution，意为“贡献”，故填contributions。
【38题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：他对世界做出了许多贡献，其中最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E=mc2。分析句子成分可知，the most well-known____ (be) 是独立主格结构，the most well-known和be动词之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词being表主动，故填being。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：他不仅是一个天才，而且是一个勇敢善良的人。空格处用形容词courageous作定语，修饰名词person，courageous意为“勇敢的”，故填courageous。
【40题详解】
考查时态。句意：他在1896年进入大学，1900年毕业。由in 1896可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式entered，故填entered。
【41题详解】
考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：1922年，他因对光电效应的解释而获得诺贝尔物理学奖。他是被授予诺贝尔物理学奖，由In 1922可知，句子时态用一般过去时，因此空格处是一般过去时的被动语态，即was/were done，主语he是单数，因此空格处是was awarded，故填was awarded。
【42题详解】
考查不定式。句意：1933年，他被迫逃离德国，最终在美国普林斯顿高等研究院担任研究员。sb. be forced to do是固定短语，意为“某人被迫做某事”，因此空格处是不定式to flee，故填to flee。
【43题详解】
考查副词。句意：1933年，他被迫逃离德国，最终在美国普林斯顿高等研究院担任研究员。空格处用副词修饰动词took，eventual的副词是eventually，意为“最终”，故填eventually。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句的引导词。句意：他甚至和一个向他寻求家庭作业帮助的小女孩交朋友。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词girl是人，因此空格处用关系代词who，故填who。
【45题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：1955年，爱因斯坦去世了。pass away是固定短语，意为“去世”，因此空格处是away，故填away。
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节：应用文写作（满分15分）
46. 假定你是国际学校学生李华，4月22日“世界地球日”(Earth Day)即将来临，请你代表学生会写一封倡议书，呼吁大家关爱地球。内容包括：
1.现状说明；
2.具体措施；
3.发出倡议。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear fellow students,
With the earth day approaching, I, on behalf of the Student Union, firmly advocate everyone to care about the planet we live on.
Problems ranging from large amounts of food waste, loss of trees, excessive use of water as well as plenty of rubbish, arise at almost every corner of our school. Thus, we are obliged to turn off the lights and water tap. Besides, your firm “no” to food waste will definitely contributes to what is advocated as “Empty Plates Movement”. What’s more, recycling textbooks and reusing them will also make a big difference.
Hopefully, our joint efforts are bound to beautify our campus. It’s high time that we took action now!
Students’ Union
【解析】
【导语】这是一封倡议信。要求考生以李华的身份，就4月22日“世界地球日”(Earth Day)即将来临一事，代表学生会写一封倡议书，呼吁大家关爱地球。
【详解】1.词汇积累
代表：on behalf of→ in representation of
关心：care about → demonstrate concern for
关闭：turn off→ switch off
采取行动：take action→ pursue courses of action
2.句式拓展
简单句变复杂句
原句：Thus, we are obliged to turn off the lights and water tap.
拓展句：Thus, we are obliged to turn off the lights and water tap, which can make a huge difference.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Besides, your firm “no” to food waste will definitely contributes to what is advocated as “Empty Plates Movement”.（使用了连接代词what连接的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】What’s more, recycling textbooks and reusing them will also make a big difference.（使用了动名词做主语）
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
We were out to change the world. This was our time, our senior year. My best friend Beth and I had big dreams and hopes for our last year in high school.
“Kristi, did you see the girl standing by us in the lunch line—she looks so lost, so out of place.” We had heard of a family that had just moved to our town from the country of Cambodia. We knew there was supposed to be a new girl at our school from that family, but we had yet to meet her until now.
Leourn was a small dark-haired beauty. She was starting her freshman year in this new country. She struggled with the little English she knew and that made it very hard for her to get to know people in our small town.
We watched in the lunchroom from our “Senior Table”. This table was reserved for our “senior sports jock(运动健将) friends,” and no one else. Leourn would get her lunch tray with the rest of the students but she always kept her head down with her eyes focused on the floor. She would then head to the only table of girls she recognized. Unfortunately, it was the table for the most popular girls in the freshman class. Every single day Leourn would sit at the very edge of her seat and eat as fast as she could. She kept her eyes fixed on her food and we never, ever saw her look up. We would watch quietly as the other girls were interacting with each other at her table. They would make gestures to one another and laugh at Leourn while she ate.
As we paid attention over the next week, we never heard anyone so much as say “Hi” to Leourn. We decided to try our hardest to let one lonely girl know that there were people who knew she existed.
注意：
1. 续写词数应150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
We sat with Leourn at the freshman girls’ table.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
From then on, Leourn began to change.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 We sat with Leourn at the freshman girls’ table. With love and faith, we decided to let her know that there were people who cared. We said “Hi ” and tried to encourage her to engage her in conversation. Gradually, she took her eyes off the floor and responded to us with smiles and small talk. In the end, she looked up at me with beautiful eyes and in a low whisper said “Thank You.”
From then on, Leourn began to change. She began to communicate with everyone she wanted to know. She also took an active part in many activities, which usually involve teamwork and interactions with other students. It seemed that she had not difficulty adapting the new environment now. She was enjoying her schoollife happily.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者新转来的学生Leourn受到同学们的嘲笑而很难融入新环境，作者决心帮助这个孤独的女孩的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我们和Leourn坐在新生女生桌。”可知，第一段可描写作者想帮助Leourn，与她坐在一起交谈并鼓励她。
②由第二段首句内容“从那时起，Leourn开始改变。”可知，第二段可描写Leourn的变化。
2.续写线索：
鼓励Leourn加入谈话——Leourn有所回应——Leourn感谢作者——积极参加活动——适应新环境
3.词汇激活
行为类
①鼓励：encourage sb./cheer sb. up
②回应：respond/in response to
③参加：take part in/join in
情绪类
①感谢：say “Thank You”/show her gratitude/be grateful
②开心：happily/delightedly
【点睛】[高分句型1].With love and faith, we decided to let her know that there were people who cared. （由关系代词who引导定语从句）
[高分句型2]. She also took an active part in many activities, which usually involve teamwork and interactions with other students.（由关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句）2023-2024学年度高二下学期第一次月考英语试卷
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What does the woman’s cat do when it sees mice
A. It stays still. B. It acts friendly towards them. C. It tries to catch them.
2. Where are the speakers probably
A. At home. B. At the school. C. In the hospital.
3. Why is the woman growing sunflowers
A. To eat the seeds. B. To enjoy the flowers. C. To sell the seeds.
4. What is the man’s attitude toward the rise of fuel cost
A. Worried. B. Unconcerned. C. Positive.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about
A. Ways to save water. B. Schools’ facilities. C. Cities’water supply.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. When did the man build his first computer
A. In junior high school. B. In senior high school. C. At the university.
7. How do some people find technology
A. Interesting. B. Wonderful. C. Dangerous.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8 What is the relationship between the speakers
A. A couple. B. Classmates. C. Colleagues.
9. What do the speakers decide to do
A. Stop using paper cups.
B Prepare boxes for different waste.
C. Reduce the use of paper, plastic and cans.
听第8段材料，回答第10至13题。
10. What sport has NOT been accepted by the Olympic Committee
A. Bowling. B. Climbing. C. Skateboarding.
11. What does Lucy’s grandma often do with her friends
A. She watches TV. B. She plays card game. C. She plays computer games.
12. Why does the man suggest including Bridge in the Olympics
A. Because the winner will be obvious.
B. Because the game will be widely spread.
C. Because the older age group will be involved.
13. How do the speakers sound at the end of the conversation
A. Optimistic. B. Humorous. C. Curious.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. When did the novel come out
A. Last month. B. In 1973. C. In 1978.
15. What is the novel based on
A. Individual experiences. B. Historical stories. C. A new agricultural study.
16. How did the girl’s uncle get his life changed
A. By writing this novel.
B. By working hard in the countryside.
C. By taking the college entrance examination.
17. What can be learned from this conversation
A. The girl’s uncle lived a comfortable life in the 1970s.
B. The girl’s uncle used to be a factory worker.
C. The girl’s uncle had stayed in the countryside for about 5 years.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What probably happened around Fountain Hills during last winter
A. All animals died off. B. It didn’t rain much. C. Many chemicals were used.
19. Why did a lot of bees disappear
A. They were eaten by birds.
B. They were dying off themselves.
C. They were killed by the government.
20. What do the scientists offer to do
A. To bring bees to the town.
B. To tell people the importance of bees.
C. To teach farmers how to grow food better.
第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Train Information
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For ticket information，please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled，there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
Lost property(失物招领)
Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services.
The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located(位于)at Roma Street station.
Public holidays
On public holidays, generally a Sunday timetable operates. On certain major event days，i.e.
Australia Day, Anzac Day, sporting and cultural days, special additional services may operate.
Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable，Before travel please visit . au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime.
Customers using mobility devices
Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms.
For assistance, please Queensland Rail on 13 16 17.
Guardian trains (outbound)
Depart Origin Destination Arrive
6:42pm Altandi Varsity Lakes 7:37pm
7:29pm Central Varsity Lakes 8:52pm
8:57pm Fortitude Valley Varsity Lakes 9:52pm
11:02pm Roma Street Varsity Lakes 12:22am
1. What would you do to get ticket information
A. Call 13 16 17. B. Visit .au.
C. Ask at the local station. D. Check the train schedule.
2. At which station can you find the lost property office
A. Altandi. B. Roma Street. C. Varsity Lakes. D. Fortitude Valley.
3. Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes
A. 6:42 pm. B. 7:29 pm. C. 8:57 pm. D. 11:02 pm.
B
In 2016, when I was on the graduate scheme (计划) at Deutsche Bank, Marie Inafidon, chief executive of Stemettes, who encourages girls to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM), was also working there. I didn’t meet her at the time, but I did read an article about her and her career.
Learning at 21 years old about the career of a young black woman’s succeeding in a traditionally white male-dominated industry was one of the most influential things that ever happened to me. It gave me confidence that it was possible to do well in the office and work on personal external project at the same time.
Role models can play a central role in shaping a young professional’s career. They are especially important if you belong to an under-represented group for whom a lack of representation in the workplace can lead to feeling isolated and lacking in confidence. They can help those just starting out, whether or not they are a graduate as I was, to believe in their own abilities.
There’s a growing need to have accessible role models. Given the tendency to exaggerate (夸大) success stories, hearing from women who talk honestly about the challenges they have faced, either when starting a business or forming a new career path, is much more effective. A study revealed that 70 per cent of girls say they think differently about their futures after hearing from women role models.
I’m frequently asked about what businesses could be doing to increase racial diversity in the workplace. A good starting point is to actively promote and support the voices of the people in the organisation that are leading positive change and inspiring others. This makes a real difference. Unlike the tokenism (装样子) I still come across, which results in individuals being made the lone representative for a group without real support from the organisation.
Things came full circle for me when I interviewed Ms. Inafidon for my book in 2019. I was able to tell her of the incredible impact her passion and confidence had had on me as a graduate trainee and how grateful I would always be for that.
4. What do we learn about Marie Inafidon？
A. She became successful at 21.
B. She was a trainee at Deutsche Bank.
C. She encouraged girls to take up STEM-related work.
D She helped the author with her external project personally.
5. Who can benefit most from role models in the work place according to the third paragraph？
A. Experienced professionals. B. A graduate eager to succeed.
C. People without special abilities. D. The young from an under-represented group.
6. What is effective in changing girls’ mindset？
A. Taking on challenging projects.
B. Reading more made-up success stories.
C. Starting their own business as early as possible.
D. Listening to women role models share their experiences.
7. What should businesses do to increase racial diversity in the workplace according to the author
A. Encourage positive opinions.
B. Make more colored people authorities.
C. Include more people of different races.
D. Understand the true meaning of tokenism.
C
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to make sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
8. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
9. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
10. What function is expected of the rail drones
A. To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.
C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.
11. Which is the most suitable title for the text
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D. How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
D
From writing Shakespeare-style poetry to making music, ChatGPT has amazed he world since its launch in late 2022 by the US-based company OpenAI. It even passed several law exams in four courses at the Unlversity of Minnesota, US.
The AI program can answer questions on a whole host of topics and write essays, stories and any other written texts you can think of. It does this by drawing on information collected from a large corpus (语料库) of text data.
What makes ChatGPT so impressive As Sam Altman, the CEO of OpenAI said n an interview, “It’s not actually a fundamentally new technology that made this (ChatGPT) have a moment.” According to MIT Technology Review, ChatGPT is based on GPT-3, a large language model. Because texts are more complex than the meaning of every word combined, language models require a type of neural network (神经网络) that can make sense of texts.
One breakthrough behind today’s model is a network called Transformer, which was invented by Google researchers in 2017. The neural network can infer word meanings by tracking where the word appears in a sentence. Transformer can therefore gather the meaning of texts more accurately.
The GPT models were built by OpenAI combined Transformer with unsupervised (无人指导的) learning, meaning that the models can learn by themselves without being told what to look at. ChatGPT can now generate human-like responses instantly due to the large scale (规模) of texts It made sense of and learned from.
“One of the biggest problems with ChatGPT is that it comes back, very confidently, with falsities,” Michael Wooldridge at the Alan Turing Institute in London, UK. This means that ChatGPT doesn’t know the truth about the world — it learns information from various resources but It cannot decide what is true or false. As for education, many US schools recently banned students from using ChatGPT on school networks because students began to use it as a shortcut for essays.
12. What aspect of ChatGPT is most impressive
A. The neural network. B. The large text database.
C. The ability to combine words. D. The application of technology.
13. What is the key to ChatGPT’s response like humans
A. Data-based communication. B. Learning from masses of texts.
C. Human-guided machine learning. D. Collecting texts for a large corpus.
14. What is the author’s attitude toward ChatGPT
A. Supportive. B. Confused. C. Objective. D. Confident.
15. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Is ChatGPT a Good Translator
B. Should ChatGPT be Banned at School
C. Can ChatGPT Choose True Information
D. Will ChatGPT be the Wonder of Modern Technology
第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Micro habits are simple practices that you can usually do in a few minutes. ___16___. Making positive micro habits and keeping them regularly can be an effective way to improve your life. Here are some great examples of micro habits you can start today.
Read an inspiring story
___17___. Look up stories of people helping people or stories of hope and write down what lessons you can learn from them. Many stories can be read in a matter of minutes, making this a great micro habit.
Set a productivity timer
Having difficulty concentrating at work Setting a productivity timer will help you focus on the task at hand. You can set that timer for whatever amount of time you have-fifteen minutes, thirty minutes, sixty minutes — and develop the habit of working consistently during that period. ___18___. Let these minutes be your time to be positive and productive.
Set a break timer
Much like the previous micro habit, set a break timer for yourself in between your periods of productivity. Set that timer and commit to giving yourself a break. ___19___. If your job has you on your feet, take a rest by sitting in a quiet space. If you sit at a desk, get up and walk around.
Text a friend
As we find happiness in our own life, what can we do to bring happiness to others Take two minutes out of your day to text a friend and tell them how much you care about them. List out how they have had a positive effect on your life. You’ll be surprised how much this micro habit will bring a smile to their face, and your own. ___20___.
A. Just remember, it’s not a race
B. That’s why micro habits are so great
C. Use that time to step away from your work
D. But that doesn’t mean they are less impactful
E. Nothing creates happiness faster than spreading it
F. You can do this by calling up a friend to tell them a funny story
G. Reading about other people’s success stories can give you motivation
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处最佳选项。
John and Mary were approaching their home town by car when they noticed some smoke. Mary said. “Oh, well, it isn’t our house on ___21___ . Let’s go home.”
John, however, ___22___ up and they were both horror-stricken to ___23___ the whole house was burning. A woman was ___24___ , “The children! Get the children!” John grabbed her, “Where are they ” “In the basement,” she cried.
Despite Mary’s ___25___ , John quickly soaked (浸湿) his clothes and ran to the basement which was full of smoke and extremely ___26___ . He found the door and ___27___ two children, holding one under each arm. As he ___28___ , he could hear some more whimpering (抽泣). He ___29___ the two badly frightened children into the arms of the people ____30____ outside, asking how many more children were down there. They told him two more. Mary wanted to stop him again, “John! Don’t go back! That house will ____31____ in any second!”
But he went back anyway. It took him a very long time to find the two children. They three were all ____32____ and they bent to get some ____33____ air. As they stumbled (蹒跚而行) up the endless steps, something strangely ____34____ went through his mind. The little bodies he had just ____35____ were his own children.
21. A. sale B. fire C. air D. duty
22. A. showed B. walked C. drove D. climbed
23. A. see B. cover C. check D. explain
24. A. joking B. noting C. arguing D. screaming
25. A. encouragement B. opposition C. agreement D. judgement
26. A. noisy B. wet C. hot D. small
27. A. grabbed B. invited C. touched D. beat
28. A. left B. rested C. fell D. wandered
29. A. cast B. delivered C. pulled D. changed
30. A. running B. waving C. aching D. waiting
31. A. burn B. appear C. collapse D. expand
32. A. laughing B. coughing C. crying D. whispering
33 A. warm B. smelly C. fresh D. dirty
34 A. sad B. exciting C. happy D. familiar
35. A. treated B. buried C. lost D. rescued
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Albert Einstein, perhaps the greatest scientist in modern physics, is often considered as one of ____36____ smartest men who ever lived. He made numerous ____37____ (contribute)to the world, the most well-known ____38____ (be) the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2. He was not only a genius, but also a ____39____ (courage) and kind person.
Einstein was born in Germany on 14 March 1879. He ____40____ (enter) university in 1896 and graduated in 1900. In 1905, he earned a doctorate in physics and published four extraordinary physics papers. In 1922, he ____41____ (award) the Nobel Prize for Physics for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. In 1933, he was forced ____42____ (flee) Germany and ____43____ (eventual) took up a position as a researcher at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, USA.
Although Einstein was a genius, he sometimes, forgot things. He was loved by his friends and neighbors for his humor. He even made friends with a little girl, ____44____ asked for help with her homework.
In 1955, Einstein passed ____45____. The whole world mourned the great loss of the scientist. Till now, Einstein is remembered and respected by the public.
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分40分）
第一节：应用文写作（满分15分）
46. 假定你是国际学校学生李华，4月22日“世界地球日”(Earth Day)即将来临，请你代表学生会写一封倡议书，呼吁大家关爱地球。内容包括：
1.现状说明；
2.具体措施；
3.发出倡议。
注意：
1.词数80左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
We were out to change the world. This was our time, our senior year. My best friend Beth and I had big dreams and hopes for our last year in high school.
“Kristi, did you see the girl standing by us in the lunch line—she looks so lost, so out of place.” We had heard of a family that had just moved to our town from the country of Cambodia. We knew there was supposed to be a new girl at our school from that family, but we had yet to meet her until now.
Leourn was a small dark-haired beauty. She was starting her freshman year in this new country. She struggled with the little English she knew and that made it very hard for her to get to know people in our small town.
We watched in the lunchroom from our “Senior Table”. This table was reserved for our “senior sports jock(运动健将) friends,” and no one else. Leourn would get her lunch tray with the rest of the students but she always kept her head down with her eyes focused on the floor. She would then head to the only table of girls she recognized. Unfortunately, it was the table for the most popular girls in the freshman class. Every single day Leourn would sit at the very edge of her seat and eat as fast as she could. She kept her eyes fixed on her food and we never, ever saw her look up. We would watch quietly as the other girls were interacting with each other at her table. They would make gestures to one another and laugh at Leourn while she ate.
As we paid attention over the next week, we never heard anyone so much as say “Hi” to Leourn. We decided to try our hardest to let one lonely girl know that there were people who knew she existed.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
We sat with Leourn at the freshman girls’ table.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
From then on, Leourn began to change.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
