2024届高考英语 二轮复习 热考主题 人物故事 阅读训练（含答案）
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语 二轮复习 热考主题 人物故事 阅读训练（含答案） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-04-23 17:01:13 | ||
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热考主题 人物故事
Passage 1
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c. 1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.
Tan Yunxian (1461 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.
James Barry (c. 1789 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
1.What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A.Doing teaching jobs.
B.Being hired as physicians.
C.Performing surgery.
D.Being banned from medicine.
2.How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A.She wrote a book.
B.She went through trials.
C.She worked as a dentist.
D.She had formal education.
3.Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A.Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B.Tan Yunxian.
C.James Barry.
D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
Passage 2
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. "I just decided I wanted to go," she says. "I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous. I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way."
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has," Ginni says. "I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater."
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
1.Which of the following best explains "take the plunge" underlined in paragraph 2
A.Try challenging things. B.Take a degree.
C.Bring back lost memories. D.Stick to a promise.
2.What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A.Lovely penguins. B.Beautiful scenery.
C.A discount fare. D.A friend’s invitation.
3.What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A.It could be a home for her. B.It should be easily accessible.
C.It should be well preserved. D.It needs to be fully introduced.
4.What is the text mainly about
A.A childhood dream.
B.An unforgettable experience.
C.Sailing around the world.
D.Meeting animals in Antarctica.
Passage 3
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled (削弱) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.
One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him — an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.
A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.
I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle (障碍) this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action.
1.What was the main cause for Alice’s anxiety
A.Her inability to act her age. B.Her habit of consumption.
C.Her desire to be perfect. D.Her lack of inspiration.
2.How did Grant Brown’s presentation influence Alice
A.She decided to do something for nature.
B.She tasted the sweetness of friendship.
C.She learned about the harm of desire.
D.She built up her courage to speak up.
3.The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more .
A.intelligent B.confident C.innovative D.critical
4.What can we learn from this passage
A.Practice makes perfect. B.Patience is a cure of anxiety.
C.Action is worry’s worst enemy. D.Everything comes to those who wait.
Passage 4
By day, Robert Titterman is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova — not as a musician but as her page turner. "I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance."
Mr Titterman is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
"A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot," Mr Titterman explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of "nodding" to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. "I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand," Mr Titterman said. "Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back."
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
"My husband is the worst page turner," she laughed. "He’s absorbed in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say:‘Turn, turn!’ Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life."
1.What should Titterman be able to do to be a page turner
A.Read music. B.Play the piano.
C.Sing songs. D.Fix the instruments.
2.Which of the following best describes Titterman’s job on stage
A.Boring. B.Well-paid. C.Demanding. D.Dangerous.
3.What does Titterman need to practise
A.Counting the pages. B.Recognizing the "nodding".
C.Catching falling objects. D.Performing in his own style.
4.Why is Ms Raspopova’s husband "the worst page turner"
A.He has very poor eyesight. B.He ignores the audience.
C.He has no interest in music. D.He forgets to do his job.
Passage 5
The elderly residents(居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity(慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said:" I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.
"I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.
"It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful."
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:"Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here."
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said:"We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities."
1.What is the purpose of the project
A.To ensure harmony in care homes. B.To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C.To raise money for medical research. D.To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
2.How has the project affected Ruth Xavier
A.She has learned new life skills.
B.She has gained a sense of achievement.
C.She has recovered her memory.
D.She has developed a strong personality.
3.What do the underlined words "embark on" mean in paragraph 7
A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.
4.What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A.It is well received. B.It needs to be more creative.
C.It is highly profitable. D.It takes ages to see the results.
Passage 6
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
"Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken," says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise — balance training and weight training — three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
"We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30- or 35-year-old hearts," says Levine. "And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise." But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
"The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still
has flexibility," Levine says. "We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all."
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
1.What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band
A.The right way of exercising. B.The causes of a heart attack.
C.The difficulty of keeping fit. D.The aging process of the heart.
2.In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design
A.The diet plan. B.The professional background.
C.The exercise type. D.The previous physical condition.
3.What does Levine’s research find
A.Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B.High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C.It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D.The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
4.What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest
A.Making use of the findings. B.Interviewing the study participants.
C.Conducting further research. D.Clarifying the purpose of the study.
Passage 7
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia(失智症) in later life — and if they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr Helena H rder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said:"These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people’s cardiovascular(心血管的) fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia."
For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were tired out to measure their peak(最大值的) cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level with a capacity of 120 watts or higher, while 92 women were in the medium fitness category. A total of 59 were of low fitness level, with a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or having their tests stopped because of health problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
"However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association," said H rder. "More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important." She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were from Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
1.What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph
A.Positive effects of doing exercise. B.Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.
C.Experimental studies on dementia. D.Advantages of sporty women over men.
2.Why did the researchers ask the women to do bicycle exercise
A.To predict their maximum heart rate. B.To assess their cardiovascular capacity.
C.To change their habit of working out. D.To detect their potential health problems.
3.What do we know about Dr H rder’s study
A.It aimed to find a cure for dementia. B.Data collection was a lengthy process.
C.Some participants withdrew from it. D.The results were far from satisfactory.
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B.Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C.Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D.Biking Improves Women’s Cardiovascular Fitness
Passage 8
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional(情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis(重视)on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives(视角)from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
1.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
A.It can be measured by an IQ test.
B.It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C.It includes a set of emotional skills.
D.It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
2.Why does the author mention "doctor" and "cheater" in paragraph 2
A.To explain a rule. B.To clarify a concept.
C.To present a fact. D.To make a prediction.
3.What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.
4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A.Its appeal to the public. B.Expectations for future studies.
C.Its practical application. D.Scientists with new perspectives.
【解析】 本文介绍了历史上四位女医生的非凡经历。
1.C 推断 根据Jacqueline Felice de Almania中的"she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery"和James Barry中的"She qualified as a surgeon in 1813"可知，这两个人的共同之处就是她们都做手术。故选C。
2.A 理解具体信息 根据Tan Yunxian部分的介绍可知，谈允贤从小跟着爷爷奶奶学医，并通过了官方的考试，一生中为各行各业的女性诊疗。她还写了一本名为《女医杂言》的书，记录了自己的女医生涯。其他三个医生的介绍中并未提到写书，因此选A。
【干扰项分析】
第一个人物介绍中提到Jacqueline Felice de Almania因非法行医受到法庭的审判，B项属于张冠李戴，应被排除；文章没有提到谈允贤当牙医，故C项错误；谈允贤从小跟着家人学医，因此D项也是错误的。
3.D 理解具体信息 根据Rebecca Lee Crumpler中的"she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree" 可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一个获得医学学位的非裔美国人。因此答案为D。
【二次精读】
核心单词：highlight v.突出；强调 n.最好(或最精彩、最激动人心)的部分 suspicion n.怀疑 physician n.医生 unlawfully adv.非法地 qualify v.取得资格(或学历);合格
核心短语： ban sb. from (doing) sth.禁止某人(做)某事 from all walks of life来自社会各界 be dressed as打扮成
【解析】 本文讲述了Ginni Bazlinton难忘的南极洲之旅。
1.A 理解词汇 根据第二段第二句中的"she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further"可知， Ginni一直渴望进一步探索世界。由本段最后一句话 "When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge"可知，当Ginni退休，儿子们离家独立后，她决定是时候冒险尝试，踏上旅途了。故选A。
2.C 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica"可知，Ginni发现她可以赶上驶往南极洲的最后一刻的低价船票。故选C。
3.C 理解观点、态度 根据文章最后一段"The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni"可知,南极洲之旅后，Ginni意识到了那是一片净土，应该受到人类的尊重和保护，这让她深受触动。A项"南极洲可以成为她的家"；B项"南极洲理应易达"；D项"南极洲需要被全面地介绍"。故选C项。
4.B 理解主旨要义(文章大意) 文章提及Ginni喜欢旅行，着重介绍了Ginni难忘的南极洲奇遇。A项"一个童年梦想"，与全文主题不符；C项"环游世界"，范畴超过了本文内容；D项"遇见南极洲的动物"，以偏概全。故选B项。
【二次精读】
核心单词：kick-start v.使……尽快启动，促使……开始 last-minute adj.紧急关头的，最后一分钟才完成(或决定、安排好)的
核心短语：take the plunge 决定冒险一试，果断行事 hit home to sb. 使某人深受触动
【解析】 Alice曾经是一个完美主义者，凡事都追求完美，这导致她很焦虑。受野生动物保护主义者Grant Brown的启发，她决定为保护自然做贡献。通过参加活动她变得更加自信，最终也克服了焦虑。
1.C 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did"可知，Alice焦虑的主要原因是她渴望完美。
2.A 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"His presentation not...in the world"可知，Grant Brown的讲座不仅让她肃然起敬，鼓舞了她，也让她萌生了改变世界的想法。又结合第三段中参加保护自然的活动可知，受Grant Brown讲座的影响，她希望能为大自然做点事情。
3.B 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized" "Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence"可知，Alice参加的这些活动帮助她变得更加自信。
4.C 推断 通读全文可知，完美主义者Alice非常焦虑，受野生动物保护主义者Grant Brown的影响，她决定为保护自然做贡献，通过参加活动她变得更加自信，也克服了焦虑。由此可推知，行动是克服焦虑的好办法，故C项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词：perfectionist n.完美主义者 emerge v.暴露，露出真相，被知晓；(从隐蔽处或暗处)出现，浮现；显露 potential adj.潜在的；可能的 n.潜力；可能性
核心短语：hang over笼罩；威胁
词缀变形：presentation n.颁奖仪式；展示会；讲座；(戏剧等的)上演，演出→present v.颁发；授予；提出；提交 n.现在；目前；礼物；礼品 adj.在场的；目前的 enthusiastically adv.热心地，满腔热情地→enthusiastic adj.热心的；热情的→enthusiasm n. 热情 impatient adj.不耐烦的；没有耐心的；急于；热切期待→impatience n.不耐烦，无耐心→patient adj.能忍耐的；有耐心的
【解析】 本文主要讲述了律师Robert Titterman利用自己的业余时间去帮钢琴师翻乐谱的故事。翻乐谱看似是一份简单的工作，但是也需要进行很多练习，尤其要与每位钢琴师默契配合。
1.A 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance"可知，Robert Titterman识乐谱，这使得他可以做好翻乐谱的工作，故A项正确。
2.C 推断 根据第三段中的"A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot"和第四段中的"Being a page turner requires plenty of practice"可以推断，Titterman在舞台上的工作要求颇高，故C项正确。
3.B 理解具体信息 根据第四段中的"Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of ‘nodding’ to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner"可知，Titterman需要在领会钢琴师的"点头示意"上多加练习，故B项正确。
4.D 理解具体信息 根据最后一段中的"He’s absorbed in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’"可知，Raspopova女士的丈夫沉浸在音乐中以至于忘了自己的本职工作，所以Raspopova女士称其为"最糟糕的翻乐谱工作者"，故D项正确。
【二次精读】
词汇积累：indicate v.表明；暗示；示意 up-and-coming adj.积极进取的，有前途的 by day在白天；日间 be absorbed in专心致志于；全神贯注于
熟词生义：score 常用义：n.得分；分数 v.得分
He won this year’s title with a score of 9.687. 他以9.687分赢得本年度的冠军。
Congress scores low in public opinion polls. 国会在民意测验中得分很低。
文章义：n.总谱；乐谱
He recognizes enough notation to be able to follow a score.他认识足够多的乐符，能看懂乐谱。
【解析】 养老院通过让老人养鸡来使他们减少孤独感，改善健康状况。
1.D 理解具体信息 题干问的是"这个项目的目的是什么 "。根据题干我们可以定位到文章的第二段，根据第二段的内容可知，该项目由当地一家慈善机构想出，旨在减少老人的孤独感，改善其健康状况。故选D项。
2.B 推断 题干问的是"这个项目是如何影响Ruth Xavier的 "。根据题干我们可以定位到文章的第五段，根据第五段Ruth Xavier说的对这个项目的感受"我很享受这些有创意的活动，做一些有用的事情让我感觉很好"可推知，她从这个项目中获得了成就感。故选B项。
3.C 理解词汇 题干问的是"第七段中的画线单词‘embark on’是什么意思 "。根据题干我们可以定位到文章的第七段，根据第七段Wendy Wilson说的话"居民们非常欢迎这个项目的想法和这些创造性的活动。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣"并结合画线部分可推知，画线部分所在句的意思是"第一批开始这个项目的人之一"，因此画线部分的意思为"开始"，故选C项。
4.A 推断 题干问的是"从最后两段我们可以了解到关于这个项目的什么信息 "。根据题干我们可以定位到文章的最后两段，最后两段讲述了一些人参与到这个项目的感受。根据Wendy Wilson和Lynn Lewis两位负责人说的话可知，这个项目得到了好评。故选A项。
【二次精读】
核心单词：suffer v. 患有，遭受 financial adj. 财政的；财务的 connect v.把……联系起来
核心短语：look after 照顾，照看 stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 dream up 想出(尤指不同寻常的计划、主意) in use 使用中 look forward to 期待
词缀变形：reduction n.减少→reduce v.减少
高级句式：I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.
分析：本句中letting the hens out是现在分词短语作伴随状语，to see they’ve gone to bed是动词不定式短语作目的状语，they’ve gone to bed是省略了连接词that的宾语从句。
【解析】 研究发现，锻炼对心脏有好处。
1.D 理解具体信息 题干问的是"Levine想通过提到橡皮筋来解释什么 "。根据题干我们将解题信息定位到文章的第二段。根据第二段中的"Think of a rubber band...happens to the heart"可知，想想橡皮筋，一开始,它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变干，很容易断裂，这也是心脏会发生的变化。由此可知，Levine想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程，故选D项。
2.C 理解具体信息 题干问的是"就研究设计而言，两组在哪个方面有差异 "根据题干我们将解题信息定位到文章的第三段。根据第三段中的"The first group... more days a week"可知，第一组每周参加三次无氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练，第二组在教练的指导下每周进行四天或更多天的高强度有氧运动。由此可知，两组在研究设计上的差异是运动类型不同，故选C项。
3.A 理解具体信息 题干问的是"Levine的研究发现了什么 "。根据第三段中的"The second group ... in heart health"可知，第二组在教练的指导下每周进行四天或更多天的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组的心脏健康状况有了显著改善。再根据第四段中的"We took these...35-year-old hearts"可知，我们使这些50岁的心脏回到30或35岁的心脏的状态。由此可知，Levine的研究发现了通过有氧运动，中年人的心脏会变得更年轻，故选A项。
4.C 推断 题干问的是"Nieca Goldberg博士有什么建议 "。根据题干我们将解题信息定位到文章的最后一段。根据最后一段中的"But the study ... the biggest difference"可知,但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。由此可知，Nieca Goldberg博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C项。
【二次精读】
核心单词：efficient adj.有能力的；效率高的 enthusiastic adj.热情的；热烈的；满腔热忱的 randomly adv.随意地 participate v.参与；参加 remarkable adj.显著的；引人注目的；非凡的 flexibility n.灵活性 aspect n.方面
熟词生义：age 常用义：n.年龄 文章义：v.变老；使变老
As he aged, his memory got worse.他随着年事增高，记忆力就变差了。
高级句式：Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
分析：that even if...aging heart是that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句中的even if 引导让步状语从句，getting in shape是动名词短语作主语。
【解析】 一项新的研究表明，保持身体健康的中年女性晚年患失智症的可能性能够降低将近90%。
1.A 理解具体信息 根据第一段首句"The benefits of regular exercise ... the ever-growing list"可知，定期锻炼的好处在不断增加，故选A。
2.B 理解具体信息 根据题干中的"bicycle exercise"可将解题信息定位至第三段，该段的"191 women with an average age of 50... measure their peak(最大值的) cardiovascular capacity"表明，研究者们要求女士们完成骑自行车测试是为了评估她们的心血管能力。
3.B 推断 根据第五段首句"These women were then tested ... the following four decades"和下文中的"44 of the women developed dementia""Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia""25 percent of the women... with low fitness"等内容可知，研究者们在进行了长达40年的跟踪测试后得到了研究数据。由此可推断，该研究的数据收集过程很长。
4.C 理解主旨要义(标题判断) 阅读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的"New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit ...a decade later than less sporty women"可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明保持身体健康的中年女性晚年患失智症的可能性能够降低将近90%。故C项能概括文章大意，作标题最佳。
【二次精读】
核心单词：document v.记录，记载 n.文件，公文，文献，证件 sporty adj.喜爱运动的，擅长体育运动的 capacity n.能力；容积；生产量，生产能力 criteria n.标准，准则，原则 association n.因果关系；联想，联系；社团，协会 applicable adj.适合的，适用的
【解析】 在某些情况下，情商的普及改变了其原来的含义。情感技巧可以促成我们身上一些优秀品质的形成,情商的普及总体上利大于弊，同时作者也希望未来对情感的研究可以更科学、更学术一些，希望科技的进步能为此类研究提供新的视角。
1.D 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable ...‘people skills’"可知，许多人错误地把情商看作一个人身上几乎所有的优秀品质，故D项正确。
2.B 理解目的 根据第二段的内容可知，作者在这一段首先陈述了一个观点,即我们更喜欢将情商描述为一组既可用于好的目的，也可用于坏的目的的特定技能，然后作者通过医生和骗子的例子来阐释这个观点，故B项正确。
3.A 理解观点、态度 根据第三段中的"the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful...has helped both the public and researchers... in everyday life"可知，作者对情商普及化的态度是支持的，故A项正确。favorable "肯定的，赞同的，支持的"。
4.B 理解主旨要义(段落大意) 根据最后一段的内容，尤其是"we hope... study of emotion. It is our hope that... point us in the right direction"可知，本段主要讲述了作者对未来有关情商的研究的希望和期待，故B项正确。
【二次精读】
词汇积累：popularization n.推广，普及 regarding prep.关于，至于 reasonably adv.相当地；理性地，合理地 publicity n.关注；宣传，推广 functionality n.用途，功能 scholarly adj.学术的，学术性的 people skills 交际能力，社交技巧 contribute to 促成，造成
词缀变形：desirable adj.可取的，值得拥有的，令人向往的→desire n.& v.欲望，渴望 cheater n.骗子，作弊者→cheat v.欺骗，蒙骗 n.欺骗手段，欺诈行为 functionality n.功能，用途→functional adj.功能的→function n.功能 v.运转 adaptively adv.适应地→adaptive adj.适应的,有适应能力的→adapt v.适应
熟词生义：1.makeup 常用义：n.化妆品 文章义：n.性格，气质
She put on some makeup before the party.聚会之前她化了点妆。
His daring attitude toward risks is a major part of his makeup.敢于冒险是他的性格的一个主要特征。
2.excite 常用义：v.使激动，使兴奋 文章义：v.激发，引发，引起
His playing is technically brilliant, but it doesn’t excite me.他的演奏技巧娴熟，但并不让我激动。
The court case has excited a lot of public interest.这场官司引起了公众的极大兴趣。
难句分析：It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives(视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。It是形式主语，that引导主语从句；from which to study...their lives是"介词+which"后接不定式作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句，修饰前面的new perspectives;study后接how引导的宾语从句。
译文：我们希望在未来的几十年，科技的进步会为我们研究人们如何经营生活提供新的视角。
Passage 1
PRACTITIONERS
Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c. 1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.
Tan Yunxian (1461 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician.
James Barry (c. 1789 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves.
1.What did Jacqueline and James have in common
A.Doing teaching jobs.
B.Being hired as physicians.
C.Performing surgery.
D.Being banned from medicine.
2.How was Tan Yunxian different from the other practitioners
A.She wrote a book.
B.She went through trials.
C.She worked as a dentist.
D.She had formal education.
3.Who was the first African American with a medical degree
A.Jacqueline Felice de Almania.
B.Tan Yunxian.
C.James Barry.
D.Rebecca Lee Crumpler.
Passage 2
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland. "I just decided I wanted to go," she says. "I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous. I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way."
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica. "From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has," Ginni says. "I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making underwater."
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
1.Which of the following best explains "take the plunge" underlined in paragraph 2
A.Try challenging things. B.Take a degree.
C.Bring back lost memories. D.Stick to a promise.
2.What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica
A.Lovely penguins. B.Beautiful scenery.
C.A discount fare. D.A friend’s invitation.
3.What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey
A.It could be a home for her. B.It should be easily accessible.
C.It should be well preserved. D.It needs to be fully introduced.
4.What is the text mainly about
A.A childhood dream.
B.An unforgettable experience.
C.Sailing around the world.
D.Meeting animals in Antarctica.
Passage 3
My name is Alice. Early last year, I was troubled by an anxiety that crippled (削弱) my ability to do anything. I felt like a storm cloud hung over me. For almost a year I struggled on, constantly staring at this wall that faced me. My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.
One day, I attended a presentation by wildlife conservationist Grant Brown at my high school. His presentation not only awed and inspired me, but also helped emerge an inner desire to make a difference in the world. I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him — an idea that had seemed completely impossible. This first contact was where my story began.
A month later, Brown invited me to attend the World Youth Wildlife Conference. Looking back, I now see that this would be the first in a series of timely opportunities that my old self would have let pass, but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized. Shortly after I received his invitation, applications to join the Youth for Nature and the Youth for Planet groups were sent around through my high school. I decided to commit to completing the applications, and soon I was a part of a growing global team of young people working to protect nature. Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence.
I am writing this just six months since my journey began and I’ve realised that my biggest obstacle (障碍) this whole time was myself. It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. They say good things come to those who wait; I say: grab every opportunity with everything you have and be impatient. After all, nature does not require our patience, but our action.
1.What was the main cause for Alice’s anxiety
A.Her inability to act her age. B.Her habit of consumption.
C.Her desire to be perfect. D.Her lack of inspiration.
2.How did Grant Brown’s presentation influence Alice
A.She decided to do something for nature.
B.She tasted the sweetness of friendship.
C.She learned about the harm of desire.
D.She built up her courage to speak up.
3.The activities Alice joined in helped her to become more .
A.intelligent B.confident C.innovative D.critical
4.What can we learn from this passage
A.Practice makes perfect. B.Patience is a cure of anxiety.
C.Action is worry’s worst enemy. D.Everything comes to those who wait.
Passage 4
By day, Robert Titterman is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova — not as a musician but as her page turner. "I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance."
Mr Titterman is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group’s official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn’t have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
"A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot," Mr Titterman explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of "nodding" to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. "I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand," Mr Titterman said. "Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back."
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
"My husband is the worst page turner," she laughed. "He’s absorbed in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say:‘Turn, turn!’ Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life."
1.What should Titterman be able to do to be a page turner
A.Read music. B.Play the piano.
C.Sing songs. D.Fix the instruments.
2.Which of the following best describes Titterman’s job on stage
A.Boring. B.Well-paid. C.Demanding. D.Dangerous.
3.What does Titterman need to practise
A.Counting the pages. B.Recognizing the "nodding".
C.Catching falling objects. D.Performing in his own style.
4.Why is Ms Raspopova’s husband "the worst page turner"
A.He has very poor eyesight. B.He ignores the audience.
C.He has no interest in music. D.He forgets to do his job.
Passage 5
The elderly residents(居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity(慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing. It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said:" I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.
"I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.
"It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful."
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:"Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here."
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said:"We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities."
1.What is the purpose of the project
A.To ensure harmony in care homes. B.To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C.To raise money for medical research. D.To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
2.How has the project affected Ruth Xavier
A.She has learned new life skills.
B.She has gained a sense of achievement.
C.She has recovered her memory.
D.She has developed a strong personality.
3.What do the underlined words "embark on" mean in paragraph 7
A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.
4.What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A.It is well received. B.It needs to be more creative.
C.It is highly profitable. D.It takes ages to see the results.
Passage 6
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
"Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and easily broken," says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart. Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of nonaerobic (无氧) exercise — balance training and weight training — three times a week. The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw remarkable improvements in heart health.
"We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30- or 35-year-old hearts," says Levine. "And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during exercise." But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
"The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still
has flexibility," Levine says. "We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened to them at all."
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an exercise routine make the biggest difference.
1.What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band
A.The right way of exercising. B.The causes of a heart attack.
C.The difficulty of keeping fit. D.The aging process of the heart.
2.In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design
A.The diet plan. B.The professional background.
C.The exercise type. D.The previous physical condition.
3.What does Levine’s research find
A.Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B.High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C.It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D.The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
4.What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest
A.Making use of the findings. B.Interviewing the study participants.
C.Conducting further research. D.Clarifying the purpose of the study.
Passage 7
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list. New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia(失智症) in later life — and if they did, it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr Helena H rder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden, said:"These findings are exciting because it’s possible that improving people’s cardiovascular(心血管的) fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia."
For the study, 191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were tired out to measure their peak(最大值的) cardiovascular capacity. The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level with a capacity of 120 watts or higher, while 92 women were in the medium fitness category. A total of 59 were of low fitness level, with a peak workload of 80 watts or less, or having their tests stopped because of health problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades. During that time, 44 of the women developed dementia. Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia, compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
"However, this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows an association," said H rder. "More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important." She also admitted that a relatively small number of women were studied, all of whom were from Sweden, so the results might not be applicable to other groups.
1.What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph
A.Positive effects of doing exercise. B.Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.
C.Experimental studies on dementia. D.Advantages of sporty women over men.
2.Why did the researchers ask the women to do bicycle exercise
A.To predict their maximum heart rate. B.To assess their cardiovascular capacity.
C.To change their habit of working out. D.To detect their potential health problems.
3.What do we know about Dr H rder’s study
A.It aimed to find a cure for dementia. B.Data collection was a lengthy process.
C.Some participants withdrew from it. D.The results were far from satisfactory.
4.Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B.Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C.Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D.Biking Improves Women’s Cardiovascular Fitness
Passage 8
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional(情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person’s makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and "people skills." Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis(重视)on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives(视角)from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
1.What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
A.It can be measured by an IQ test.
B.It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C.It includes a set of emotional skills.
D.It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
2.Why does the author mention "doctor" and "cheater" in paragraph 2
A.To explain a rule. B.To clarify a concept.
C.To present a fact. D.To make a prediction.
3.What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.
4.What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A.Its appeal to the public. B.Expectations for future studies.
C.Its practical application. D.Scientists with new perspectives.
【解析】 本文介绍了历史上四位女医生的非凡经历。
1.C 推断 根据Jacqueline Felice de Almania中的"she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery"和James Barry中的"She qualified as a surgeon in 1813"可知，这两个人的共同之处就是她们都做手术。故选C。
2.A 理解具体信息 根据Tan Yunxian部分的介绍可知，谈允贤从小跟着爷爷奶奶学医，并通过了官方的考试，一生中为各行各业的女性诊疗。她还写了一本名为《女医杂言》的书，记录了自己的女医生涯。其他三个医生的介绍中并未提到写书，因此选A。
【干扰项分析】
第一个人物介绍中提到Jacqueline Felice de Almania因非法行医受到法庭的审判，B项属于张冠李戴，应被排除；文章没有提到谈允贤当牙医，故C项错误；谈允贤从小跟着家人学医，因此D项也是错误的。
3.D 理解具体信息 根据Rebecca Lee Crumpler中的"she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree" 可知，Rebecca Lee Crumpler是第一个获得医学学位的非裔美国人。因此答案为D。
【二次精读】
核心单词：highlight v.突出；强调 n.最好(或最精彩、最激动人心)的部分 suspicion n.怀疑 physician n.医生 unlawfully adv.非法地 qualify v.取得资格(或学历);合格
核心短语： ban sb. from (doing) sth.禁止某人(做)某事 from all walks of life来自社会各界 be dressed as打扮成
【解析】 本文讲述了Ginni Bazlinton难忘的南极洲之旅。
1.A 理解词汇 根据第二段第二句中的"she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further"可知， Ginni一直渴望进一步探索世界。由本段最后一句话 "When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge"可知，当Ginni退休，儿子们离家独立后，她决定是时候冒险尝试，踏上旅途了。故选A。
2.C 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica"可知，Ginni发现她可以赶上驶往南极洲的最后一刻的低价船票。故选C。
3.C 理解观点、态度 根据文章最后一段"The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni"可知,南极洲之旅后，Ginni意识到了那是一片净土，应该受到人类的尊重和保护，这让她深受触动。A项"南极洲可以成为她的家"；B项"南极洲理应易达"；D项"南极洲需要被全面地介绍"。故选C项。
4.B 理解主旨要义(文章大意) 文章提及Ginni喜欢旅行，着重介绍了Ginni难忘的南极洲奇遇。A项"一个童年梦想"，与全文主题不符；C项"环游世界"，范畴超过了本文内容；D项"遇见南极洲的动物"，以偏概全。故选B项。
【二次精读】
核心单词：kick-start v.使……尽快启动，促使……开始 last-minute adj.紧急关头的，最后一分钟才完成(或决定、安排好)的
核心短语：take the plunge 决定冒险一试，果断行事 hit home to sb. 使某人深受触动
【解析】 Alice曾经是一个完美主义者，凡事都追求完美，这导致她很焦虑。受野生动物保护主义者Grant Brown的启发，她决定为保护自然做贡献。通过参加活动她变得更加自信，最终也克服了焦虑。
1.C 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did"可知，Alice焦虑的主要原因是她渴望完美。
2.A 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"His presentation not...in the world"可知，Grant Brown的讲座不仅让她肃然起敬，鼓舞了她，也让她萌生了改变世界的想法。又结合第三段中参加保护自然的活动可知，受Grant Brown讲座的影响，她希望能为大自然做点事情。
3.B 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"but that this new and more confident Alice enthusiastically seized" "Each of these new steps continued to grow my confidence"可知，Alice参加的这些活动帮助她变得更加自信。
4.C 推断 通读全文可知，完美主义者Alice非常焦虑，受野生动物保护主义者Grant Brown的影响，她决定为保护自然做贡献，通过参加活动她变得更加自信，也克服了焦虑。由此可推知，行动是克服焦虑的好办法，故C项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词：perfectionist n.完美主义者 emerge v.暴露，露出真相，被知晓；(从隐蔽处或暗处)出现，浮现；显露 potential adj.潜在的；可能的 n.潜力；可能性
核心短语：hang over笼罩；威胁
词缀变形：presentation n.颁奖仪式；展示会；讲座；(戏剧等的)上演，演出→present v.颁发；授予；提出；提交 n.现在；目前；礼物；礼品 adj.在场的；目前的 enthusiastically adv.热心地，满腔热情地→enthusiastic adj.热心的；热情的→enthusiasm n. 热情 impatient adj.不耐烦的；没有耐心的；急于；热切期待→impatience n.不耐烦，无耐心→patient adj.能忍耐的；有耐心的
【解析】 本文主要讲述了律师Robert Titterman利用自己的业余时间去帮钢琴师翻乐谱的故事。翻乐谱看似是一份简单的工作，但是也需要进行很多练习，尤其要与每位钢琴师默契配合。
1.A 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance"可知，Robert Titterman识乐谱，这使得他可以做好翻乐谱的工作，故A项正确。
2.C 推断 根据第三段中的"A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don’t turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot"和第四段中的"Being a page turner requires plenty of practice"可以推断，Titterman在舞台上的工作要求颇高，故C项正确。
3.B 理解具体信息 根据第四段中的"Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of ‘nodding’ to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner"可知，Titterman需要在领会钢琴师的"点头示意"上多加练习，故B项正确。
4.D 理解具体信息 根据最后一段中的"He’s absorbed in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: ‘Turn, turn!’"可知，Raspopova女士的丈夫沉浸在音乐中以至于忘了自己的本职工作，所以Raspopova女士称其为"最糟糕的翻乐谱工作者"，故D项正确。
【二次精读】
词汇积累：indicate v.表明；暗示；示意 up-and-coming adj.积极进取的，有前途的 by day在白天；日间 be absorbed in专心致志于；全神贯注于
熟词生义：score 常用义：n.得分；分数 v.得分
He won this year’s title with a score of 9.687. 他以9.687分赢得本年度的冠军。
Congress scores low in public opinion polls. 国会在民意测验中得分很低。
文章义：n.总谱；乐谱
He recognizes enough notation to be able to follow a score.他认识足够多的乐符，能看懂乐谱。
【解析】 养老院通过让老人养鸡来使他们减少孤独感，改善健康状况。
1.D 理解具体信息 题干问的是"这个项目的目的是什么 "。根据题干我们可以定位到文章的第二段，根据第二段的内容可知，该项目由当地一家慈善机构想出，旨在减少老人的孤独感，改善其健康状况。故选D项。
2.B 推断 题干问的是"这个项目是如何影响Ruth Xavier的 "。根据题干我们可以定位到文章的第五段，根据第五段Ruth Xavier说的对这个项目的感受"我很享受这些有创意的活动，做一些有用的事情让我感觉很好"可推知，她从这个项目中获得了成就感。故选B项。
3.C 理解词汇 题干问的是"第七段中的画线单词‘embark on’是什么意思 "。根据题干我们可以定位到文章的第七段，根据第七段Wendy Wilson说的话"居民们非常欢迎这个项目的想法和这些创造性的活动。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣"并结合画线部分可推知，画线部分所在句的意思是"第一批开始这个项目的人之一"，因此画线部分的意思为"开始"，故选C项。
4.A 推断 题干问的是"从最后两段我们可以了解到关于这个项目的什么信息 "。根据题干我们可以定位到文章的最后两段，最后两段讲述了一些人参与到这个项目的感受。根据Wendy Wilson和Lynn Lewis两位负责人说的话可知，这个项目得到了好评。故选A项。
【二次精读】
核心单词：suffer v. 患有，遭受 financial adj. 财政的；财务的 connect v.把……联系起来
核心短语：look after 照顾，照看 stop sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 dream up 想出(尤指不同寻常的计划、主意) in use 使用中 look forward to 期待
词缀变形：reduction n.减少→reduce v.减少
高级句式：I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.
分析：本句中letting the hens out是现在分词短语作伴随状语，to see they’ve gone to bed是动词不定式短语作目的状语，they’ve gone to bed是省略了连接词that的宾语从句。
【解析】 研究发现，锻炼对心脏有好处。
1.D 理解具体信息 题干问的是"Levine想通过提到橡皮筋来解释什么 "。根据题干我们将解题信息定位到文章的第二段。根据第二段中的"Think of a rubber band...happens to the heart"可知，想想橡皮筋，一开始,它是灵活的，但把它放在抽屉里20年，它就会变干，很容易断裂，这也是心脏会发生的变化。由此可知，Levine想通过提到橡皮筋来解释心脏的老化过程，故选D项。
2.C 理解具体信息 题干问的是"就研究设计而言，两组在哪个方面有差异 "根据题干我们将解题信息定位到文章的第三段。根据第三段中的"The first group... more days a week"可知，第一组每周参加三次无氧运动——平衡训练和重量训练，第二组在教练的指导下每周进行四天或更多天的高强度有氧运动。由此可知，两组在研究设计上的差异是运动类型不同，故选C项。
3.A 理解具体信息 题干问的是"Levine的研究发现了什么 "。根据第三段中的"The second group ... in heart health"可知，第二组在教练的指导下每周进行四天或更多天的高强度有氧运动。两年后，第二组的心脏健康状况有了显著改善。再根据第四段中的"We took these...35-year-old hearts"可知，我们使这些50岁的心脏回到30或35岁的心脏的状态。由此可知，Levine的研究发现了通过有氧运动，中年人的心脏会变得更年轻，故选A项。
4.C 推断 题干问的是"Nieca Goldberg博士有什么建议 "。根据题干我们将解题信息定位到文章的最后一段。根据最后一段中的"But the study ... the biggest difference"可知,但这项研究的规模很小，需要在更大的人群中重复进行，以确定日常锻炼的哪些方面会产生最大的影响。由此可知，Nieca Goldberg博士建议进行进一步的研究。故选C项。
【二次精读】
核心单词：efficient adj.有能力的；效率高的 enthusiastic adj.热情的；热烈的；满腔热忱的 randomly adv.随意地 participate v.参与；参加 remarkable adj.显著的；引人注目的；非凡的 flexibility n.灵活性 aspect n.方面
熟词生义：age 常用义：n.年龄 文章义：v.变老；使变老
As he aged, his memory got worse.他随着年事增高，记忆力就变差了。
高级句式：Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape now may help improve your aging heart.
分析：that even if...aging heart是that引导的宾语从句，宾语从句中的even if 引导让步状语从句，getting in shape是动名词短语作主语。
【解析】 一项新的研究表明，保持身体健康的中年女性晚年患失智症的可能性能够降低将近90%。
1.A 理解具体信息 根据第一段首句"The benefits of regular exercise ... the ever-growing list"可知，定期锻炼的好处在不断增加，故选A。
2.B 理解具体信息 根据题干中的"bicycle exercise"可将解题信息定位至第三段，该段的"191 women with an average age of 50... measure their peak(最大值的) cardiovascular capacity"表明，研究者们要求女士们完成骑自行车测试是为了评估她们的心血管能力。
3.B 推断 根据第五段首句"These women were then tested ... the following four decades"和下文中的"44 of the women developed dementia""Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia""25 percent of the women... with low fitness"等内容可知，研究者们在进行了长达40年的跟踪测试后得到了研究数据。由此可推断，该研究的数据收集过程很长。
4.C 理解主旨要义(标题判断) 阅读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的"New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit ...a decade later than less sporty women"可知，文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明保持身体健康的中年女性晚年患失智症的可能性能够降低将近90%。故C项能概括文章大意，作标题最佳。
【二次精读】
核心单词：document v.记录，记载 n.文件，公文，文献，证件 sporty adj.喜爱运动的，擅长体育运动的 capacity n.能力；容积；生产量，生产能力 criteria n.标准，准则，原则 association n.因果关系；联想，联系；社团，协会 applicable adj.适合的，适用的
【解析】 在某些情况下，情商的普及改变了其原来的含义。情感技巧可以促成我们身上一些优秀品质的形成,情商的普及总体上利大于弊，同时作者也希望未来对情感的研究可以更科学、更学术一些，希望科技的进步能为此类研究提供新的视角。
1.D 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable ...‘people skills’"可知，许多人错误地把情商看作一个人身上几乎所有的优秀品质，故D项正确。
2.B 理解目的 根据第二段的内容可知，作者在这一段首先陈述了一个观点,即我们更喜欢将情商描述为一组既可用于好的目的，也可用于坏的目的的特定技能，然后作者通过医生和骗子的例子来阐释这个观点，故B项正确。
3.A 理解观点、态度 根据第三段中的"the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful...has helped both the public and researchers... in everyday life"可知，作者对情商普及化的态度是支持的，故A项正确。favorable "肯定的，赞同的，支持的"。
4.B 理解主旨要义(段落大意) 根据最后一段的内容，尤其是"we hope... study of emotion. It is our hope that... point us in the right direction"可知，本段主要讲述了作者对未来有关情商的研究的希望和期待，故B项正确。
【二次精读】
词汇积累：popularization n.推广，普及 regarding prep.关于，至于 reasonably adv.相当地；理性地，合理地 publicity n.关注；宣传，推广 functionality n.用途，功能 scholarly adj.学术的，学术性的 people skills 交际能力，社交技巧 contribute to 促成，造成
词缀变形：desirable adj.可取的，值得拥有的，令人向往的→desire n.& v.欲望，渴望 cheater n.骗子，作弊者→cheat v.欺骗，蒙骗 n.欺骗手段，欺诈行为 functionality n.功能，用途→functional adj.功能的→function n.功能 v.运转 adaptively adv.适应地→adaptive adj.适应的,有适应能力的→adapt v.适应
熟词生义：1.makeup 常用义：n.化妆品 文章义：n.性格，气质
She put on some makeup before the party.聚会之前她化了点妆。
His daring attitude toward risks is a major part of his makeup.敢于冒险是他的性格的一个主要特征。
2.excite 常用义：v.使激动，使兴奋 文章义：v.激发，引发，引起
His playing is technically brilliant, but it doesn’t excite me.他的演奏技巧娴熟，但并不让我激动。
The court case has excited a lot of public interest.这场官司引起了公众的极大兴趣。
难句分析：It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives(视角) from which to study how people manage their lives.
分析：本句是一个主从复合句。It是形式主语，that引导主语从句；from which to study...their lives是"介词+which"后接不定式作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句，修饰前面的new perspectives;study后接how引导的宾语从句。
译文：我们希望在未来的几十年，科技的进步会为我们研究人们如何经营生活提供新的视角。