仁爱八下英语Unit 6 Topic 1 认识非谓语动词--不定式课件

(共10张PPT)
认识非谓语动词
动词的形式
原形
现在分词
动名词
第三人称单数
过去式
动词不定式
4.能够独立充当谓语动词的动词形式有：
5.不能够独立充当谓语动词的动词形式（即非谓语动词）有：
I do my homework.
Tom does his homework.
I did my homework.
I am to do my homework.
I am doing my homework.
I have done my homework.
I like doing my homework.
过去分词
do
do
does
did
to do
原形 do，第三人称单数does和 过去式 did
动词不定式 to do，分词（现在分词 doing过去分词 done）和动名词 doing。
doing
done
doing
---
主语
----
主语
---
主语
---
主语
---
主语
---
主语
---
主语
---------------
谓语
--------------------
谓语
------------------
谓语
------------------------
谓语
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谓语
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谓语
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谓语
1.思考：动词有多少种形式？都是些什么形式？
2.读一读，分析句子结构，找到主语和谓语
3.请找出句子中的谓语动词
Q1：什么样的动词形式是非谓语动词？
Q2：非谓语动词可以在句子中单独做谓语动词吗？
Summary（总结）：
动词不定式 to do，分词（现在分词 doing过去分词 done）和动名词 doing。
非谓语动词不能够单独在句子中充当谓语动词
下面哪些动词形式是非谓语动词？
He wants to go home.
I don't enjoy listening to rock music.
Doing sports has helped me (to) keep healthy.
Look! They are practicing playing basketball.
Homework ：
认识动词不定式
He wants to go home.
I don't enjoy listening to rock music.
Doing sports has helped me (to) keep healthy.
Look! They are practicing playing basketball.
下面哪些动词形式是非谓语动词？
Warm up:
动词不定式：
分词：
动名词：
to go，(to) keep
helped，practicing
listening，Doing，playing
（中招考试必考）
He made us (laugh).
He asks us (not sleep) in class.
Speak aloud (hear),Tom.
现在式 (not) to do
被动式 to be done
完成式 to have done
进行式 to be doing
完成进行式 to have been doing
动词不定式
不受句子主语（人称，单复数）和句子时态限定的动词形式；是一种非限定性动词，但仍保留动词的性质，可以有自己的宾语,状语和逻辑主语
定义
构成
形式
I want Tom to help me tomorrow.
He wants Tom to help me tomorrow.
They wanted Tom to help me tomorrow.
思考：为什么这种动词形式叫做动词不定式呢？
宾语
状语
逻辑主语
由to＋动词原形构成，to是不定式符号
（在感官动词、使役动词和help后做宾补时，通常to省略）
感官动词:see,watch,notice，
look at; hear,listen to; feel
使役动词: let，make，have
help
及物动词（短语）
sb./sth.
宾语
sb./sth.
sb/sth.
do
宾补
do
(to) do
现在式
被动式
not to sleep
to be heard
laugh
这类带有逻辑主语的不定式，称为不定式的复合结构。
Exercise：
动词不定式的作用
It is dangerous to swim in the river.
To see is to believe.
Sb.+动词+it+形容词+to do sth.
To swim in the river is dangerous.
It is+形容词+for sb./sth. to do sth.
It is+形容词+of sb./sth. to do sth.
It's a/one's+n.（task/duty/job）...+to do sth.
My work is to clean the room every day.
I want you to help me.
感官动词see，watch，notice，look at;hear，listen to;feel 使役动词 let，make，have
help sb/sth. (to) do
做后置定语
如果不定式动词与被修饰词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系，并且该动词是不及物动词，则需要加上适当的介词或副词使动宾关系成立；如果不定式动词与被修饰词place，time，way，reason之间有动状关系时， 不定式中的介词常省略 。
作主语
作状语
作表语
作定语
作宾语
作宾语补足语
“疑问词+动词不定式”
I am glad to meet you.(原因）
I will go out to buy a pen.(目的）
The water is too hot to drink.(结果）
My biggest problem is how to improve my English.
How to improve my English is my biggest problem.
please tell me how to do it .
思考：动词不定式的作用是什么？
作用
复合结构
主语
谓语
形式主语
真正主语
We have lots of problems to talk about.
I am the first student to get here.
we made the decision to leave the city.
I need a way to learn English .
宾 动
主 谓
状 动
解释 说明
I decide to work hard.
I find it not very easy to ride a bike.
直接宾语
表语
主语
I will go out to buy a pen.
The water is too hot to drink.
My work is to clean the room every day.
动词不定式与句子主语之间的关系
主 谓
宾 动
解释 说明
(2). (exercise), I get up early.
简单句
主语
谓语
状语
状语
(3).We are made (laugh).
3.填空：
(1).The car needs (wash).
(2).I made my hair (wash).
宾 动
(1).The desk is too heavy for me to carry it.
Exercise：
2.改错：
(1). (exercise), or you will be unhealthy.
简单句
简单句
1.区别于祈使句：
(2).I need a chair to sit .
宾 动
.
on.
to be washed
或 washing
washed
to laugh
(3).I have a lot of homework to be done .
to do
need ,require“需要”后常用doing 代替被动to be done
Exercise
I
To exercise
感官动词、使役动词和help:主动to不带，被动to回来
感官动词后宾语时动作承受者时，要用动词过去分词作宾补
当句子中出现了不定式的执行者时，常用主动表示被动
与所修饰的词构成动宾关系时，要保证及物动词的完整性
已经有了逻辑宾语，后面就不能再出现宾语
1.The bossasked Tim to go and (find)out if there was anyone else absent.（2016河南改编）2.Whenever we kids come over，Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us (make) sure we don't break anything（2017河南改编）
3.- -Do you always get up so early？
- -Yes， (catch) the first bus.My home is far away from school（2019河南改编）
4.Today is Father's Day，and I plan (prepare) dinner for my father.（2023河南改编 ）
5.Sheila snt on her grandparents' sofa and sighed(叹气). She missed the swimming pool at summer camp. She really wanted ① go camping. But this year, her family was saving money for new house, so they couldn't afford ② send her to camp. Instead, she had to spend time at the lake with her grandparents. Her grandfather was getting his boat ready. He Saw Sheila look a little sad, so he asked if she would like ③ learn to sail (航海). Sheila agreed and listened carefully as his grandfather talked about how ④ drive the bont. They got in the boat and started to sail around the lake. Sheila caught the rope(绳子) and laughed as the suil caught the wind. She elosed her eyes andenjoyed the peace quietly. The lake was different from camp. Camp was noisy with lots of kids. It learn the sail from was exciting for her ⑤ her grandfather. She enjoyed herself a lot.