2024届高考英语 二轮复习 热考主题 历史、文化与艺术 阅读训练（含解析）
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语 二轮复习 热考主题 历史、文化与艺术 阅读训练（含解析） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2024-04-23 17:11:47 | ||
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热考主题 历史、文化与艺术
Passage 1
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
1.What is an advantage of MacBike
A.It gives children a discount.
B.It offers many types of bikes.
C.It organizes free cycle tours.
D.It has over 2,500 rental shops.
2.How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A.?15.75. B.?19.50. C.?22.75. D.?29.50.
3.Where does the guided city tour start
A.The Gooyer Windmill. B.The Skinny Bridge.
C.Heineken Brewery. D.Dam Square.
Passage 2
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this " book of books," artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses — absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private,"off-line" activity.
1.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.An introduction to a book. B.An essay on the art of writing.
C.A guidebook to a museum. D.A review of modern paintings.
2.What are the selected artworks about
A.Wealth and intellect. B.Home and school.
C.Books and reading. D.Work and leisure.
3.What do the underlined words "relate to" in paragraph 2 mean
A.Understand. B.Paint. C.Seize. D.Transform.
4.What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader
A.The printed book is not totally out of date.
B.Technology has changed the way we read.
C.Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D.People now rarely have the patience to read.
Passage 3
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的)societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact(联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.How past events should be presented.
B.What humanity is concerned about.
C.Whether facts speak louder than words.
D.Why written language is reliable.
2What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A.His report was scientific. B.He represented the local people.
C.He ruled over Botany Bay. D.His record was one-sided.
3.What does the underlined word "conversation" in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Problem. B.History. C.Voice. D.Society.
4. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A.How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B.A Short History of Australia
C.A History of the World in 100 Objects
D.How Art Works Tell Stories
Passage 4
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context(背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding(解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of.
1.Who opened the door to philosophy for the author
A.Foucault. B.Eric Weiner. C.Jostein Gaarder. D.A college teacher.
2.Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4
A.To compare Weiner with them. B.To give examples of great works.
C.To praise their writing skills. D.To help readers understand Weiner’s book.
3.What does the author like about The Socrates Express
A.Its views on history are well-presented.
B.Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C.It includes comments from readers.
D.It leaves an open ending.
4.What does the author think of Weiner’s book
A.Objective and plain. B.Daring and ambitious.
C.Serious and hard to follow. D.Humorous and straightforward.
Passage 5
Henry Raeburn(1756-1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait(肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public.They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
Exhibition Times
Monday Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45
Last admission to the exhibition:17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed:24 26 December and 1 January
Admission
￡4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
1.What is the right time for attending Raeburn’s English Contemporaries
A.Sun. 26 Oct. B.Thurs. 30 Oct. C.Thurs. 6 Nov. D.Thurs. 13 Nov.
2.How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12. D.￡16.
3.How can full-time students get group discounts
A.They should go on Sunday mornings.
B.They should come from art schools.
C.They must be led by teachers.
D.They must have ID cards with them.
Passage 6
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y. — Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood — traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted:The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they go then Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed(牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism(坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top:"When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals:foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter."
1.Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains
A.To teach in a school. B.To study American history.
C.To write a book. D.To do sightseeing.
2.What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3
A.They enjoyed much respect. B.They had a room with a bathtub.
C.They lived with the local kids. D.They suffered severe hardships.
3.Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising
A.The extreme climate of Auburn. B.The living conditions in Elkhead.
C.The railroad building in the Rockies. D.The natural beauty of the West.
4.What is the text
A.A news report. B.A book review. C.A children’s story. D.A diary entry.
Passage 7
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
"I’ll miss these old boats," he said as we parted.
"How do you mean " I asked.
"Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess."
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. "Sydney is confused about itself," she said."We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. "Many people say that we lack culture in this country," he told me. "What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat."
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.Sydney’s striking architecture. B.The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C.The key to Sydney’s development. D.Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.
2.What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds
A.He goes to work by boat. B.He looks forward to a new life.
C.He pilots catamarans well. D.He is attached to the old ferries.
3.What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A.It is losing its traditions. B.It should speed up its progress.
C.It should expand its population. D.It is becoming more international.
4.Which statement will the author probably agree with
A.A city can be young and old at the same time.
B.A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C.Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D.Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
Passage 8
A British woman who won a $1 million prize after she was named the World’s Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution (变革). "We are going to make a change," she said. "I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools."
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort — whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star — into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years."I’ve seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by — their eyes are shining and their faces light up,"she said. "We need artists more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: "Andria’s brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. "It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness, that has been our strength for centuries."
1.What will Zafirakou do with her prize money
A.Make a movie. B.Build new schools.
C.Run a project. D.Help local musicians.
2.What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools
A.It is particularly difficult. B.It increases artists’income.
C.It opens children’s mind. D.It deserves greater attention.
3.What should be stressed in school education according to Schama
A.Moral principles. B.Interpersonal skills.
C.Creative abilities. D.Positive worldviews.
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Bring Artists to Schools B.When Historians Meet Artists
C.Arts Education in Britain D.The World’s Best Arts Teacher
【解析】 本文介绍了MacBike公司的自行车租赁和有导游的观光。
【考情速递】
多模态语篇指那些包括文字、图形、表格、动画、符号或视频的语篇，理解这类语篇除了需要使用传统的文本阅读技能之外，还需要观察图表中的信息、理解符号和动画的意义等，综合考查同学们"读""看"的能力。本篇融入表格，需要同学们理解表格中的数字信息。此外本语篇的第2题以表格信息来设题，需要同学们在读懂表格信息的基础上，进行简单的数字计算，又考查了同学们的数学计算能力。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据第二段尾句"We offer the newest bicycles...with child seats, and children’s bikes"可知，MacBike公司的一个优势是能提供各种各样的自行车，包括带脚刹的最基本的自行车、带手刹和排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车以及儿童自行车。故B项正确。
2.C 理解具体信息 根据Prices部分所列表格的内容可知，带手刹的三挡自行车的日租金为14.75欧元，每多一天收8欧元，故租两天为22.75欧元。
3.D 理解具体信息 根据尾段倒数第二句"The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day"可知，有导游的城市观光每天下午一点开始，每小时整点从Dam Square出发。故D项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词：landscape n.(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景，景色 rental n.租金；出租，租赁
核心短语：make sure 确保，设法保证 (be) available for 对……是可用的 a wide variety 多种多样
词缀变形：economical adj.经济的，实惠的；节约的→economic adj.经济的，经济学的→economy n.经济；节省 sustainable adj.可持续的，不破坏环境的→sustain v.维持，保持；遭受 strategic adj.战略(性)的，策略(上)的→strategy n.策略，行动计划
【解析】 《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》让我们看到了超越文化与时间的共同人性。网络化的生活中，电子书的推广并不能取代印刷书的使用，阅读印刷书仍然是完全私人的活动。
1.A 推断 根据全文内容尤其是第一段第一句"Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers is a celebration...three hundred artworks from museums around the world"可知，《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书里展示了来自世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品，本文主要是对该书内容的介绍。故可以推知，本文最有可能摘自书的序言。
2.C 理解具体信息 根据第二段第一句和第二句中的"We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school...the generations"可知，被选中的艺术品强调的是图书和阅读，故C项正确。
3.A 理解词汇 根据第二段尾句"These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to"中的but表达的语境可知，这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了我们都能理解的时刻。故画线词意为"理解"，A项正确。
4.A 推断 根据本文尾句"And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives...offers the chance of a wholly private, ‘off-line’ activity"可知，在我们日益网络化的生活中，我们所消费的信息被监控和跟踪，与之相反，印刷书仍然提供了一个完全私人的、"离线"活动的机会。该句强调了印刷书的价值，据此可知，作者提及电子书旨在说明印刷书并未完全过时，故A项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词：celebration n.庆典，庆祝活动，庆祝 emphasize v.强调，着重 generation n.一代(人) demonstrate v.证明；示范，演示
核心短语：come into being 形成 deep in thought 陷入沉思
词缀变形：symbolically adv.象征性地，象征意义地→symbolic adj.象征的，符号的→symbolize v.象征，用符号表示→symbol n.象征，标志；符号
【解析】 对于历史事件的考证不能仅凭文字记录，要注重文字记录和实物相互印证，以帮助我们重现真实的历史。
1.A 理解段落主旨要义 题干问的是首段的主旨。根据文章首段可知,如果你想讲述不偏袒人类历史上任何一方的一段世界历史，你就不能仅依靠文字。文字是人类的后期成果之一，直到最近甚至许多有文字的社会不仅用文字，还用实物来记载他们的重要的事情。所以此段是说过去的历史事件应结合文字和实物来呈现，不能仅靠文字，故A项正确。
2.D 推断 题干问的是作者提及库克船长的用意。根据第二段首句 "Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects... but in many cases we simply can’t"(理想的情况是我们在研究历史时应该将文字和实物结合起来……而很多情况下我们没能这样做)以及该段最后一句"If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports"(如果我们想要还原那天到底发生了什么，这块盾牌必须和文字记述一样经过深入而严格的质询和诠释)可知，库克船长的记录是片面的，故D项正确。
3.B 理解词汇 题干问的是画线词conversation在文中的意思。根据第三段中的"a history told through things gives them back a voice"(实物能还原历史事实)和 "all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects"(我们所有的第一手描述无法避免地会被歪曲，它只是对话的一半。如果我们想找到另一半，就必不能只解读文字，还要解读实物)可知，conversation指的是历史，故B项正确。
【考情速递】
理解词汇是近年高考阅读理解必考题型,常见的有理解生僻词含义、理解熟词生义、理解代词含义等，本题考查课标词汇在文中的指代含义，考查角度有新意，需要同学们根据上下文语境去细细体会与揣摩，增加了试题难度。
4.C 推断 题干问的是本文最有可能摘自哪本书。根据本篇答案解析"段意梳理"部分可知，本文讲述的重点是强调历史实物考证的重要性，故C项"《100件实物中的世界历史》"正确。
【干扰项分析】
A项《地图如何讲述世界的故事》和D项《艺术作品如何讲述故事》和文章内容不符；B项《澳大利亚简史》以偏概全，漏失信息。故C项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词： twist v.曲解，歪曲；转动，旋转；盘绕；扭伤 account n. 报告，描述； 账户
核心短语： from one’s side 从某人的观点或角度来看
熟词生义：privilege 常用义：n. 特权；优惠待遇； 荣幸 文章义：v.特别优待
We want to privilege them because without the top graduate students, we can’t remain a top university. 我们希望给予这些最顶尖的研究生特别照顾，因为没有他们，我们就无法继续处于一流大学之列。
词缀变形：reconstruct v.使重现，使再现→construct v. 建筑，建造；构建 miscomprehension n. 误解，曲解→comprehension n. 理解力，领悟能力
难句分析：If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.
分析：这是一个复合句，If引导条件状语从句，同位语a history后面是一个定语从句，while表示前后两种情况的对比。
译文：如果你想讲述一个不偏袒人类历史上任何一方的一段世界历史，你不能仅仅依靠文本的历史记录，因为只有世界上的一些地方有过文字记载，然而世界上的多数地方绝大部分时候没有文字记载。
【解析】 本文重点介绍了哲学著作《苏格拉底快车》，该书语言幽默，陈述直白，却能让读者深刻思考日常生活中的欲望、孤独等哲学问题。
1.C 理解具体信息 根据第一段的"an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World"和第一段尾句"It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学)"可知，Jostein Gaarder的《苏菲的世界》把作者带进了一个哲学的世界。故Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了哲学大门。
2.D 推断 通读第四段，特别是该段尾句"This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life"可知，在列举了几位伟大的哲学家后，作者指出，这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习如何运用哲学来改善生活的书。据此可以推知，作者列举几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者更好地理解Weiner的这本书。
3.B 推断 根据最后一段的"The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging"可知，《苏格拉底快车》是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它因显而易见的简单而吸引读者，并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考。结合常识可以推知，《苏格拉底快车》的思想可以用于日常生活中，故B项正确。
4.D 推断 根据第五段的"he does so with plenty of humor"可知，该书充满了幽默；根据尾段第一句"The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging" 可知，《苏格拉底快车》因显而易见的简单而吸引读者，并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考。据此可以推知，Weiner的书幽默且易懂，故D项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词：reawaken vt.勾起,唤起；再次引发(感情、回忆等) scene n.事发地，现场；事件，场面 conversation n.(非正式的)谈话，交谈 process n.过程，进程；步骤，程序 apparent adj.显而易见的，易懂的；貌似的，表面上的
核心短语：be full of 充满…… in search of 寻找…… pick up 拿起；学会；接人
词缀变形：invitation n.邀请；请柬；招致→invite v.邀请；征求 interpretation n.解释，理解；表演，演奏→interpretative adj.解释的；演绎的 simplicity n.简单(性)，容易(性)；简朴，朴素→simplify v.使简易，简化→simple adj.简单的，简明的；简朴的，朴素的
【解析】 本文介绍了艺术展及相关活动情况。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据表格中的"Raeburn’s English Contemporaries Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10"可知，这个讲座的时间是10月30日周四。
2.B 理解具体信息(数字计算) 根据Admission下面的内容可知，门票是4英镑，12岁以下的孩子由一位成人陪同的话可以免门票。一对夫妇带两个12岁以下的孩子应支付8英镑，故选B。
3.C 理解具体信息 根据Schools and Colleges部分"A special low entrance...in organised groups with teachers"可知，全日制学生享受群体优惠价需要老师带队。
【二次精读】
核心单词：exhibition n.展览；展出 masterpiece n.杰作；代表作；名著 collection n.收藏品 present v. (以某种方式)展现，显示 accompany v. 陪伴 charge n.收费；指控；主管 available adj. 可获得的； 可购得的；可找到的； 有空的
词缀变形：exhibit v. 展览→exhibition n.展览 enter v. 进入→entrance n.入口(处)；进入；进入权；准许加入 admit v.准许……进入(某处)→admission n.准许加入；进入权；入场费
【解析】 本文介绍了Dorothy Wickenden 写的一部书的主要内容：两个富裕家庭长大的女孩子去落基山脉的一个村落当老师，她们住在当地人的家里，和他们一样过着艰辛的生活。
1.A 理解具体信息 根据第一段的"In 1916, two girls of wealthy families...traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse"可知，Dorothy 和Rosamond 去落基山脉是为了到一所学校教学。
2.D 推断 根据第三段内容可知，她们和当地的一户人家一起生活，和他们一样,几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来的时候，被子上都是雪。有时候她们早上到学校后，发现孩子们冻得直哭。春天，雪被泥取代。由此可推知，他们在那里受了很多苦。
3.C 理解具体信息 根据第四段的"A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed(牵涉)drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms"可知，书中描述的惊险的部分应是在落基山脉修建铁路的过程。
4.B 推断 根据第四段中的"In Wickenden’s book, she expanded"和"The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn"以及最后一段的"Wickenden is a very good storyteller"可知，本文是一篇书评，介绍名为Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West的一本书。
【二次精读】
核心单词：instruct v.指示；教授，传授(技能等) influence v.影响；对……起作用
词缀变形：wealth n.财富→wealthy adj.富裕的 settle v.解决；定居→settlement n.村落，定居点 private adj.私有的；私人的；私下的→privacy n.隐私； 私密
高级句式：So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise.
分析：本句为主从复合句。主句为for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children was a surprise。定语从句whose shoes were held together with string对名词the children进行修饰和限定。
【解析】 澳大利亚城市悉尼在发展过程中丢弃了很多传统，但作者认为城市发展不应丢弃传统，新旧交融自有其魅力。
1.C 理解主旨要义(段落大意) 根据第一段中的"a significant thing happened in Sydney...But it is the harbor that makes the city"可知，本段主要讲述了悉尼发展过程中的关键，故C项正确。
2.D 推断 根据第三段中的"I’ll miss these old boats"和第五段中的"Catamarans are faster ... they’re not fun to pilot"可以推断，Andrew Reynolds很喜欢这些旧渡船，故D项正确。
3.A 推断 根据第六段中的"Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings"和 "Sydney is confused about itself" "We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one"可以看出，Shirley Fitzgerald觉得悉尼在发展过程中丢弃了太多传统，以至于现在定位有点模糊，故A项正确。
4.A 推断 根据最后两段中的"being young and old at the same time has its attractions"及"I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries"可知，作者认为新旧交融自有其魅力，希望悉尼能够保留那些旧渡船，故作者很可能认同A项"一个城市可以新旧交融在一起"。
【解析】 一位英国女教师用自己的奖金开展了一个项目。该项目旨在将艺术人士引进校园，以推动学校的艺术教育发展。
1.C 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools"和第二段中的"I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools"可知，Zafirakou用她的奖金开展了一个把艺术人士引进校园的项目。故C项正确。
2.D 推断 根据第五段尾句可知，Craig-Martin认为，把艺术当作不必要的课程是错误的。也就是说他认为艺术教育应该得到更多的关注。故D项正确。
3.C 理解具体信息 根据第六段中的"The future depends on creativity ... for centuries"可知，他认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故C项正确。
4.A 理解主旨要义(标题判断) 本文主要讲述一位英国女教师把获得的奖金用于开展把艺术人士引进校园的项目，以推动学校艺术教育发展。故A项正确。
【二次精读】
难句分析：What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness, that has been our strength for centuries.
分析：and连接两个并列分句；what引导主语从分句；when引导时间状语从句；it is ... that ...是强调句型。
译文：当人工智能接管时，留给我们的将是我们的创造力。我们的创造精神，我们对新鲜事物的远见，数百年来一直是我们的优势。
Passage 1
Bike Rental & Guided Tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake (刹车), bikes with hand brake and gears (排挡), bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in a MacBike shop or book online.
1.What is an advantage of MacBike
A.It gives children a discount.
B.It offers many types of bikes.
C.It organizes free cycle tours.
D.It has over 2,500 rental shops.
2.How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days
A.?15.75. B.?19.50. C.?22.75. D.?29.50.
3.Where does the guided city tour start
A.The Gooyer Windmill. B.The Skinny Bridge.
C.Heineken Brewery. D.Dam Square.
Passage 2
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this " book of books," artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses — absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private,"off-line" activity.
1.Where is the text most probably taken from
A.An introduction to a book. B.An essay on the art of writing.
C.A guidebook to a museum. D.A review of modern paintings.
2.What are the selected artworks about
A.Wealth and intellect. B.Home and school.
C.Books and reading. D.Work and leisure.
3.What do the underlined words "relate to" in paragraph 2 mean
A.Understand. B.Paint. C.Seize. D.Transform.
4.What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader
A.The printed book is not totally out of date.
B.Technology has changed the way we read.
C.Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D.People now rarely have the patience to read.
Passage 3
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的)societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact(联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.How past events should be presented.
B.What humanity is concerned about.
C.Whether facts speak louder than words.
D.Why written language is reliable.
2What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A.His report was scientific. B.He represented the local people.
C.He ruled over Botany Bay. D.His record was one-sided.
3.What does the underlined word "conversation" in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Problem. B.History. C.Voice. D.Society.
4. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A.How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B.A Short History of Australia
C.A History of the World in 100 Objects
D.How Art Works Tell Stories
Passage 4
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you — and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner’s The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher’s work in the context(背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding(解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It’s worth your time, even if time is something we don’t have a lot of.
1.Who opened the door to philosophy for the author
A.Foucault. B.Eric Weiner. C.Jostein Gaarder. D.A college teacher.
2.Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4
A.To compare Weiner with them. B.To give examples of great works.
C.To praise their writing skills. D.To help readers understand Weiner’s book.
3.What does the author like about The Socrates Express
A.Its views on history are well-presented.
B.Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C.It includes comments from readers.
D.It leaves an open ending.
4.What does the author think of Weiner’s book
A.Objective and plain. B.Daring and ambitious.
C.Serious and hard to follow. D.Humorous and straightforward.
Passage 5
Henry Raeburn(1756-1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait(肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public.They are held in the Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
Exhibition Times
Monday Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45
Last admission to the exhibition:17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed:24 26 December and 1 January
Admission
￡4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
1.What is the right time for attending Raeburn’s English Contemporaries
A.Sun. 26 Oct. B.Thurs. 30 Oct. C.Thurs. 6 Nov. D.Thurs. 13 Nov.
2.How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission
A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12. D.￡16.
3.How can full-time students get group discounts
A.They should go on Sunday mornings.
B.They should come from art schools.
C.They must be led by teachers.
D.They must have ID cards with them.
Passage 6
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y. — Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood — traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted:The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they go then Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed(牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism(坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top:"When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals:foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter."
1.Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains
A.To teach in a school. B.To study American history.
C.To write a book. D.To do sightseeing.
2.What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3
A.They enjoyed much respect. B.They had a room with a bathtub.
C.They lived with the local kids. D.They suffered severe hardships.
3.Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising
A.The extreme climate of Auburn. B.The living conditions in Elkhead.
C.The railroad building in the Rockies. D.The natural beauty of the West.
4.What is the text
A.A news report. B.A book review. C.A children’s story. D.A diary entry.
Passage 7
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
"I’ll miss these old boats," he said as we parted.
"How do you mean " I asked.
"Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess."
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. "Sydney is confused about itself," she said."We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one. It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving (解决).
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. "Many people say that we lack culture in this country," he told me. "What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more still. We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country. It’s a pretty hard combination to beat."
He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.Sydney’s striking architecture. B.The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C.The key to Sydney’s development. D.Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.
2.What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds
A.He goes to work by boat. B.He looks forward to a new life.
C.He pilots catamarans well. D.He is attached to the old ferries.
3.What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney
A.It is losing its traditions. B.It should speed up its progress.
C.It should expand its population. D.It is becoming more international.
4.Which statement will the author probably agree with
A.A city can be young and old at the same time.
B.A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.
C.Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance.
D.Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.
Passage 8
A British woman who won a $1 million prize after she was named the World’s Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution (变革). "We are going to make a change," she said. "I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools."
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort — whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star — into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years."I’ve seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by — their eyes are shining and their faces light up,"she said. "We need artists more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: "Andria’s brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an add-on. "It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness, that has been our strength for centuries."
1.What will Zafirakou do with her prize money
A.Make a movie. B.Build new schools.
C.Run a project. D.Help local musicians.
2.What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools
A.It is particularly difficult. B.It increases artists’income.
C.It opens children’s mind. D.It deserves greater attention.
3.What should be stressed in school education according to Schama
A.Moral principles. B.Interpersonal skills.
C.Creative abilities. D.Positive worldviews.
4.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A.Bring Artists to Schools B.When Historians Meet Artists
C.Arts Education in Britain D.The World’s Best Arts Teacher
【解析】 本文介绍了MacBike公司的自行车租赁和有导游的观光。
【考情速递】
多模态语篇指那些包括文字、图形、表格、动画、符号或视频的语篇，理解这类语篇除了需要使用传统的文本阅读技能之外，还需要观察图表中的信息、理解符号和动画的意义等，综合考查同学们"读""看"的能力。本篇融入表格，需要同学们理解表格中的数字信息。此外本语篇的第2题以表格信息来设题，需要同学们在读懂表格信息的基础上，进行简单的数字计算，又考查了同学们的数学计算能力。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据第二段尾句"We offer the newest bicycles...with child seats, and children’s bikes"可知，MacBike公司的一个优势是能提供各种各样的自行车，包括带脚刹的最基本的自行车、带手刹和排挡的自行车、带儿童座椅的自行车以及儿童自行车。故B项正确。
2.C 理解具体信息 根据Prices部分所列表格的内容可知，带手刹的三挡自行车的日租金为14.75欧元，每多一天收8欧元，故租两天为22.75欧元。
3.D 理解具体信息 根据尾段倒数第二句"The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day"可知，有导游的城市观光每天下午一点开始，每小时整点从Dam Square出发。故D项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词：landscape n.(陆上，尤指乡村的)风景，景色 rental n.租金；出租，租赁
核心短语：make sure 确保，设法保证 (be) available for 对……是可用的 a wide variety 多种多样
词缀变形：economical adj.经济的，实惠的；节约的→economic adj.经济的，经济学的→economy n.经济；节省 sustainable adj.可持续的，不破坏环境的→sustain v.维持，保持；遭受 strategic adj.战略(性)的，策略(上)的→strategy n.策略，行动计划
【解析】 《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》让我们看到了超越文化与时间的共同人性。网络化的生活中，电子书的推广并不能取代印刷书的使用，阅读印刷书仍然是完全私人的活动。
1.A 推断 根据全文内容尤其是第一段第一句"Reading Art:Art for Book Lovers is a celebration...three hundred artworks from museums around the world"可知，《阅读艺术：书籍爱好者的艺术》这本书里展示了来自世界各地博物馆的近300件艺术品，本文主要是对该书内容的介绍。故可以推知，本文最有可能摘自书的序言。
2.C 理解具体信息 根据第二段第一句和第二句中的"We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school...the generations"可知，被选中的艺术品强调的是图书和阅读，故C项正确。
3.A 理解词汇 根据第二段尾句"These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to"中的but表达的语境可知，这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了我们都能理解的时刻。故画线词意为"理解"，A项正确。
4.A 推断 根据本文尾句"And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives...offers the chance of a wholly private, ‘off-line’ activity"可知，在我们日益网络化的生活中，我们所消费的信息被监控和跟踪，与之相反，印刷书仍然提供了一个完全私人的、"离线"活动的机会。该句强调了印刷书的价值，据此可知，作者提及电子书旨在说明印刷书并未完全过时，故A项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词：celebration n.庆典，庆祝活动，庆祝 emphasize v.强调，着重 generation n.一代(人) demonstrate v.证明；示范，演示
核心短语：come into being 形成 deep in thought 陷入沉思
词缀变形：symbolically adv.象征性地，象征意义地→symbolic adj.象征的，符号的→symbolize v.象征，用符号表示→symbol n.象征，标志；符号
【解析】 对于历史事件的考证不能仅凭文字记录，要注重文字记录和实物相互印证，以帮助我们重现真实的历史。
1.A 理解段落主旨要义 题干问的是首段的主旨。根据文章首段可知,如果你想讲述不偏袒人类历史上任何一方的一段世界历史，你就不能仅依靠文字。文字是人类的后期成果之一，直到最近甚至许多有文字的社会不仅用文字，还用实物来记载他们的重要的事情。所以此段是说过去的历史事件应结合文字和实物来呈现，不能仅靠文字，故A项正确。
2.D 推断 题干问的是作者提及库克船长的用意。根据第二段首句 "Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects... but in many cases we simply can’t"(理想的情况是我们在研究历史时应该将文字和实物结合起来……而很多情况下我们没能这样做)以及该段最后一句"If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports"(如果我们想要还原那天到底发生了什么，这块盾牌必须和文字记述一样经过深入而严格的质询和诠释)可知，库克船长的记录是片面的，故D项正确。
3.B 理解词汇 题干问的是画线词conversation在文中的意思。根据第三段中的"a history told through things gives them back a voice"(实物能还原历史事实)和 "all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects"(我们所有的第一手描述无法避免地会被歪曲，它只是对话的一半。如果我们想找到另一半，就必不能只解读文字，还要解读实物)可知，conversation指的是历史，故B项正确。
【考情速递】
理解词汇是近年高考阅读理解必考题型,常见的有理解生僻词含义、理解熟词生义、理解代词含义等，本题考查课标词汇在文中的指代含义，考查角度有新意，需要同学们根据上下文语境去细细体会与揣摩，增加了试题难度。
4.C 推断 题干问的是本文最有可能摘自哪本书。根据本篇答案解析"段意梳理"部分可知，本文讲述的重点是强调历史实物考证的重要性，故C项"《100件实物中的世界历史》"正确。
【干扰项分析】
A项《地图如何讲述世界的故事》和D项《艺术作品如何讲述故事》和文章内容不符；B项《澳大利亚简史》以偏概全，漏失信息。故C项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词： twist v.曲解，歪曲；转动，旋转；盘绕；扭伤 account n. 报告，描述； 账户
核心短语： from one’s side 从某人的观点或角度来看
熟词生义：privilege 常用义：n. 特权；优惠待遇； 荣幸 文章义：v.特别优待
We want to privilege them because without the top graduate students, we can’t remain a top university. 我们希望给予这些最顶尖的研究生特别照顾，因为没有他们，我们就无法继续处于一流大学之列。
词缀变形：reconstruct v.使重现，使再现→construct v. 建筑，建造；构建 miscomprehension n. 误解，曲解→comprehension n. 理解力，领悟能力
难句分析：If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.
分析：这是一个复合句，If引导条件状语从句，同位语a history后面是一个定语从句，while表示前后两种情况的对比。
译文：如果你想讲述一个不偏袒人类历史上任何一方的一段世界历史，你不能仅仅依靠文本的历史记录，因为只有世界上的一些地方有过文字记载，然而世界上的多数地方绝大部分时候没有文字记载。
【解析】 本文重点介绍了哲学著作《苏格拉底快车》，该书语言幽默，陈述直白，却能让读者深刻思考日常生活中的欲望、孤独等哲学问题。
1.C 理解具体信息 根据第一段的"an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder’s Sophie’s World"和第一段尾句"It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学)"可知，Jostein Gaarder的《苏菲的世界》把作者带进了一个哲学的世界。故Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了哲学大门。
2.D 推断 通读第四段，特别是该段尾句"This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life"可知，在列举了几位伟大的哲学家后，作者指出，这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习如何运用哲学来改善生活的书。据此可以推知，作者列举几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者更好地理解Weiner的这本书。
3.B 推断 根据最后一段的"The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging"可知，《苏格拉底快车》是一本有趣而尖锐的书，它因显而易见的简单而吸引读者，并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考。结合常识可以推知，《苏格拉底快车》的思想可以用于日常生活中，故B项正确。
4.D 推断 根据第五段的"he does so with plenty of humor"可知，该书充满了幽默；根据尾段第一句"The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging" 可知，《苏格拉底快车》因显而易见的简单而吸引读者，并逐渐将他们带入对欲望、孤独和衰老的更深层次的思考。据此可以推知，Weiner的书幽默且易懂，故D项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词：reawaken vt.勾起,唤起；再次引发(感情、回忆等) scene n.事发地，现场；事件，场面 conversation n.(非正式的)谈话，交谈 process n.过程，进程；步骤，程序 apparent adj.显而易见的，易懂的；貌似的，表面上的
核心短语：be full of 充满…… in search of 寻找…… pick up 拿起；学会；接人
词缀变形：invitation n.邀请；请柬；招致→invite v.邀请；征求 interpretation n.解释，理解；表演，演奏→interpretative adj.解释的；演绎的 simplicity n.简单(性)，容易(性)；简朴，朴素→simplify v.使简易，简化→simple adj.简单的，简明的；简朴的，朴素的
【解析】 本文介绍了艺术展及相关活动情况。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据表格中的"Raeburn’s English Contemporaries Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10"可知，这个讲座的时间是10月30日周四。
2.B 理解具体信息(数字计算) 根据Admission下面的内容可知，门票是4英镑，12岁以下的孩子由一位成人陪同的话可以免门票。一对夫妇带两个12岁以下的孩子应支付8英镑，故选B。
3.C 理解具体信息 根据Schools and Colleges部分"A special low entrance...in organised groups with teachers"可知，全日制学生享受群体优惠价需要老师带队。
【二次精读】
核心单词：exhibition n.展览；展出 masterpiece n.杰作；代表作；名著 collection n.收藏品 present v. (以某种方式)展现，显示 accompany v. 陪伴 charge n.收费；指控；主管 available adj. 可获得的； 可购得的；可找到的； 有空的
词缀变形：exhibit v. 展览→exhibition n.展览 enter v. 进入→entrance n.入口(处)；进入；进入权；准许加入 admit v.准许……进入(某处)→admission n.准许加入；进入权；入场费
【解析】 本文介绍了Dorothy Wickenden 写的一部书的主要内容：两个富裕家庭长大的女孩子去落基山脉的一个村落当老师，她们住在当地人的家里，和他们一样过着艰辛的生活。
1.A 理解具体信息 根据第一段的"In 1916, two girls of wealthy families...traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse"可知，Dorothy 和Rosamond 去落基山脉是为了到一所学校教学。
2.D 推断 根据第三段内容可知，她们和当地的一户人家一起生活，和他们一样,几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早上醒来的时候，被子上都是雪。有时候她们早上到学校后，发现孩子们冻得直哭。春天，雪被泥取代。由此可推知，他们在那里受了很多苦。
3.C 理解具体信息 根据第四段的"A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed(牵涉)drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms"可知，书中描述的惊险的部分应是在落基山脉修建铁路的过程。
4.B 推断 根据第四段中的"In Wickenden’s book, she expanded"和"The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn"以及最后一段的"Wickenden is a very good storyteller"可知，本文是一篇书评，介绍名为Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West的一本书。
【二次精读】
核心单词：instruct v.指示；教授，传授(技能等) influence v.影响；对……起作用
词缀变形：wealth n.财富→wealthy adj.富裕的 settle v.解决；定居→settlement n.村落，定居点 private adj.私有的；私人的；私下的→privacy n.隐私； 私密
高级句式：So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise.
分析：本句为主从复合句。主句为for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children was a surprise。定语从句whose shoes were held together with string对名词the children进行修饰和限定。
【解析】 澳大利亚城市悉尼在发展过程中丢弃了很多传统，但作者认为城市发展不应丢弃传统，新旧交融自有其魅力。
1.C 理解主旨要义(段落大意) 根据第一段中的"a significant thing happened in Sydney...But it is the harbor that makes the city"可知，本段主要讲述了悉尼发展过程中的关键，故C项正确。
2.D 推断 根据第三段中的"I’ll miss these old boats"和第五段中的"Catamarans are faster ... they’re not fun to pilot"可以推断，Andrew Reynolds很喜欢这些旧渡船，故D项正确。
3.A 推断 根据第六段中的"Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings"和 "Sydney is confused about itself" "We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one"可以看出，Shirley Fitzgerald觉得悉尼在发展过程中丢弃了太多传统，以至于现在定位有点模糊，故A项正确。
4.A 推断 根据最后两段中的"being young and old at the same time has its attractions"及"I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries"可知，作者认为新旧交融自有其魅力，希望悉尼能够保留那些旧渡船，故作者很可能认同A项"一个城市可以新旧交融在一起"。
【解析】 一位英国女教师用自己的奖金开展了一个项目。该项目旨在将艺术人士引进校园，以推动学校的艺术教育发展。
1.C 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools"和第二段中的"I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools"可知，Zafirakou用她的奖金开展了一个把艺术人士引进校园的项目。故C项正确。
2.D 推断 根据第五段尾句可知，Craig-Martin认为，把艺术当作不必要的课程是错误的。也就是说他认为艺术教育应该得到更多的关注。故D项正确。
3.C 理解具体信息 根据第六段中的"The future depends on creativity ... for centuries"可知，他认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故C项正确。
4.A 理解主旨要义(标题判断) 本文主要讲述一位英国女教师把获得的奖金用于开展把艺术人士引进校园的项目，以推动学校艺术教育发展。故A项正确。
【二次精读】
难句分析：What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of freshness, that has been our strength for centuries.
分析：and连接两个并列分句；what引导主语从分句；when引导时间状语从句；it is ... that ...是强调句型。
译文：当人工智能接管时，留给我们的将是我们的创造力。我们的创造精神，我们对新鲜事物的远见，数百年来一直是我们的优势。