2024届高三英语二轮复习被动语态Passive voice 课件(共34张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高三英语二轮复习被动语态Passive voice 课件(共34张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-04-23 18:22:55 | ||
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(共34张PPT)
Passive voice
谓语动词的语态表示句子的主语和谓语动作之间的关系-1）当句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者时，主、谓之间的关系称为主动语态；2）当句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者时，主、谓之间的关系称为被动语态。例如：
I teach English.（主动语态）我教英语。
Our English is taught by him.（被动语态）
我们的英语是由他教的。
He speaks English.（主动语态）他说英文。
English is spoken in many countries all over the world.（被动语态）世界许多国家都讲英语。
English is widely spoken throughout the world.
英语动词除了时态，还有语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态（The Passive Voice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如： You can stick the poster on the wall.
you是动作stick 的执行者，属主动语态。
The poster can be stuck on the wall.
the poster 是动作stick的承受者，属被动语态。
再如：Disneyland is enjoyed by millions of people from all over the world.
English is spoken as the main language in America.
构成（form） be + 及物动词的过去分词。
be 有人称，数和时态的变化，其肯定式，否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be做为系动词时完全一样。如：
English is widely used around the world.
English is not widely used around the world.
Is English widely used around the world Yes, it is/No, it is not.
Why is English used widely
The bulb was invented by Thomas Edison in 1879.
Where were laptops invented
I don’t think aliens will be found in space.
When will the movie be shown
用法（function）
1.只需要强调动作的承受者时。
2.不知道动作的执行者时。
3.没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
用被动语态。动作的执行者一般由by引出或省略
Spanish is spoken as the official language there.
It was created by American scientists in 1997.
The problem has been solved.
I was bought a cellphone by my father last week.
A cellphone was bought for me by my father last week.
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday.
The time-table has been changed .
We haven't been informed of it .
My TV set is being repaired in the shop.
These books are written especially for children.
The song was composed by a young worker.
It is said that…“（据说……），”It is reported that …“（据报道……），”It is rumoured that …“（据传言……）,It is believed that(有人相信，有人认为)---等等。例如：
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting.
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner.
It is rumored that he has been appointed as successor to the president of our company .
It is generally considered impolite to ask one's age, salary, marriage, etc.
The professor came to our school and was warmly welcomed by the teachers and students.（句子的后半句用被动式就可以只安排一个主语。）那位教授来到我校并受到师生们的热烈欢迎。
I went to the party and was asked by my friends to do some cooking for them. （同上）我去参加了那个聚会，朋友们还请我为他们烧了几样菜。
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area.
注意：
1. 不及物动词不能直接用于被动语态。如：
The girl will be well cared.(错误)
The girl will be well cared for.(正确)
没有被动语态的动词：
1. 没有被动语态的词， 表示状态或特征的及物动词如 cost, fit, have, suit等没有被动形式，另外，像happen = take place, break out(爆发)，break down(坏了) result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of等只用主动语态，而不用被动语态
2. 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: appear, die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, come true, fall asleep, ...
3. 大多数系动词：be , feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste（尝起来），look(看起来)， 等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。
例：①The shirt feels very soft. 这件衬衣摸起来很柔软。
②Many changes have taken place in our country.
2.五看（look at, observe,watch, see,notice)三使（make/let/have）两听(listen to,hear)一感觉（feel）， 在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式，但是在改成被动语态时，则一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to, 但在被动语态中也必须把to加上去。
They heard a girl sing in the next room.
A girl was heard to sing in the next room by them.
Mother often makes me do homework.
→I am often made to do homework by mother.
3.含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。（宾补放在原来位置不变）
例：①We call him Xiao Ming.
主 谓 宾 宾补
→Ｈe is called Xiao Ming by us.
②He found the novel very interesting.
→The novel was found very interesting by him.
在被动语态的句子中，谓语部分的结构是be + p.p.（过去分词）。被动语态的句子有时态的变化，这个变化反映在be动词上。也就是说，把一个句子变成被动语态的句子时，只需要写出be动词的所需时态，再加上所给动词的过去分词就行了。当然，这只是指谓语部分而言。be动词作为一个独立的谓语动词有自己现在分词（being）和过去分词 （been）。be在各种时态中的变化形式：
一般现在时 am / is / are
一般过去时 was / were
一般将来时 shall / will + be
过去将来时 would / should + be
现在进行时 am / is / are + being
过去进行时 was / were + being
现在完成时 have / has + been
过去完成时 had + been
说明：1）以上的八个时态可用于被动式，其它没有列举的时态都不宜用于被动语态的句子中。2）另外，表中被斜线隔开的词要根据具体情况选择。弄清楚了be在各种时态中的变化形式以后，我们就能很轻松地写出被动语态的各种时态了。
我们可看看下面的实例：
English is spoken in many countries all over the world .（一般现在时）
世界上许多国家都讲英文。
Some TV sets for sale in the department store were stolen last night. （一般过去时）
那家商场用来出售的部分电视机昨晚被盗。
He won't be allowed, by his father, to marry Larra. （一般将来时）
他父亲不会让他娶拉拉为妻的。
They would be sent to the army when they finished the training. （过去将来时）
他们结束训练时将被派往部队。
The project is being carried out.（现在进行时）这个计划正在执行中。
The case was being investigated then.（过去进行时）那时这案子正在调查中。
This novel has been translated into several languages. （现在完成时）这本小说已被译成了几种语言。
They said that production costs had been reduced.
主动语态变被动语态how to change the active voice into the passive voice.
Example:
They make cars.----Cars are made by them.
1. Many people use computers.
2.The workers plant trees in the garden.
3.Lots of foreigners enjoy Beijing Opera.
4.Many visitors visit the Great Wall every year.
5.I will ask an interpreter for help.
6.English traders and English governments spread English in new lands around the world.
练习:一. 选择题：
( ) 1 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded
C. is founded D. was found
( )2 This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang
C. is often sang D. is often sung
( ) 3.New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used
( ) 4 Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
( )5. A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built
C. been built D. be building
( )6. Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
A. need B. are needing .
C. are needed D. will need
( ) 7. Japanese ___ in every country.
A. is not spoken B. are spoken
C. is speaking D. is not speaking
( )8. These papers ___ yet.
A. have not written B. have not been written
C. has not written D. has not been written
（）9. Kate, our car needs ____ again.
fixed B. to be fixed
C. be fixed D. be fixing
( )10. I'm sure courses ____ on car repair at Seattle Community College.
are offering B. offered
C. are offered D. is offered
( )11. Computers ______ this term.
A. taught B. are being taught
C. being taught D. be taught
( )12. High costs for repairs will ______.
A. avoid B. be avoided
C. avoiding D. be avoiding
关于带情态动词的被动结构
带情态动词的被动结构的固定句式为"情态动词 + be + 过去分词"。也有个别带"to"的情态动词例外，如：ought to和have to ，它们的被动结构就只能在不定式中。例如：
The debt must be paid off before next month.
The debt has to be paid off before next month.
Oil can be turned into energy by burning it.
You ought to be criticized for your carelessness.
带有两个宾语的主动态变成被动态
我们先来看看"带有两个宾语的主动态句子的结构"，重点看谓语部分 ：
She sent me a novel on my birthday .
主 谓 间接宾语 直接宾语 状语
I allowed him an hour to finish the work .
主 谓 间接宾语 直接宾语 状语
teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, tell等动词常常带有两个宾语（双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语），改为被动语态时，两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的介词to/for。例：
She gave me a book.= She gave a book to me.
→I was given a book by her.
→A book was given to me by her.
My father bought me an MP3.= My father bought an MP3 for me.
→I was bought an MP3 by my father.
→An MP3 was bought for me by my father.
从上面的分析可以看出，两个宾语分别是：直接宾语和间接宾语。将这种主动态的句子变成被动态的句子，可选两个宾语中的任何一个作为被动态句子的主语，而将另一个宾语作为“保留宾语”写入被动态的句中。但有一点要说明，如果你选直接宾语作"主语"，有时要在被动态句子的"保留宾语"前加上合适的介词。因为这些动词常有两种句式，即：我们可以说give sb sth , send sb sth , buy sb sth ；我们也可以说give sth to sb, send sth to sb , buy sth for sb 。
请看下面两种情况的对照：
She sent me a novel on my birthday. (主动)
I was sent a novel on my birthday. (被动)
A novel was sent to me on my birthday. (被动)
My brother bought me a watch yesterday. (主动)
I was bought a watch yesterday. (被动)
A watch was bought for me by my brother yesterday.(被动)
关于带有复合宾语的主动态变成被动态
如果将带有复合宾语（既：宾语 + 宾语补足语）的主动态的句子变成被动态的句子，我们只能选择原来句子的宾语作被动态句子的主语；而这时，原句里的宾语补足语现在就变成被动态句子的"主语补足语"了。例如：
The story made us laugh .(宾语补足语)
We were made to laugh by the story. (主语补足语)
They asked me to help them. (宾语补足语)
I was asked to help them. (主语补足语)
We saw them coming over. (宾语补足语)
They were seen coming over. (主语补足语)
练习：
1. I’ll be going to work on foot while my bicycle_____.
(a) is being repaired (b) is repaired
(c) will repaired (d) has been repaired
2. The radar sets _____ for a long time without any trouble.
(a) have been running (b) have been run
(c) have run (d) were running
3. While the ice box_____, a lot of defects were found.
(a) was being examined (b) was examined
(c) was examining (d) had been examined
4. Do you remember _____ to Dr. Henry during your last visit
(a) to be introduced (b) being introduced
(c)having introduced (d) to have introduced
5. The book is worthy of_____.
(a) reading (b) read
(c) having read (d) being read
6. I dislike _____ while trying to learn skiing.
(a) being looked at (b) looking at
(c) to look at (d) having looked at
7. “Do you have any clothes _____ today ” my mother asked.
(a) to wash (b)be washed
(c) wash (d) to be washed
8. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature_____.
(a) taking (b) to take
(c) take (d) taken
9. Let teachers’ words_____.
(a) being remembered (b) remembering
(c) be remembered (d) remember
10. He has come to_____.
(a) checked his blood pressure
(b) having his blood pressure checked
(c) have his blood pressure checked
(d) have checked his blood pressure
Passive voice
谓语动词的语态表示句子的主语和谓语动作之间的关系-1）当句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者时，主、谓之间的关系称为主动语态；2）当句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者时，主、谓之间的关系称为被动语态。例如：
I teach English.（主动语态）我教英语。
Our English is taught by him.（被动语态）
我们的英语是由他教的。
He speaks English.（主动语态）他说英文。
English is spoken in many countries all over the world.（被动语态）世界许多国家都讲英语。
English is widely spoken throughout the world.
英语动词除了时态，还有语态，即主动语态（The Active Voice）和被动语态（The Passive Voice）。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。
如： You can stick the poster on the wall.
you是动作stick 的执行者，属主动语态。
The poster can be stuck on the wall.
the poster 是动作stick的承受者，属被动语态。
再如：Disneyland is enjoyed by millions of people from all over the world.
English is spoken as the main language in America.
构成（form） be + 及物动词的过去分词。
be 有人称，数和时态的变化，其肯定式，否定式、疑问式的变化规则与be做为系动词时完全一样。如：
English is widely used around the world.
English is not widely used around the world.
Is English widely used around the world Yes, it is/No, it is not.
Why is English used widely
The bulb was invented by Thomas Edison in 1879.
Where were laptops invented
I don’t think aliens will be found in space.
When will the movie be shown
用法（function）
1.只需要强调动作的承受者时。
2.不知道动作的执行者时。
3.没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时。
用被动语态。动作的执行者一般由by引出或省略
Spanish is spoken as the official language there.
It was created by American scientists in 1997.
The problem has been solved.
I was bought a cellphone by my father last week.
A cellphone was bought for me by my father last week.
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday.
The time-table has been changed .
We haven't been informed of it .
My TV set is being repaired in the shop.
These books are written especially for children.
The song was composed by a young worker.
It is said that…“（据说……），”It is reported that …“（据报道……），”It is rumoured that …“（据传言……）,It is believed that(有人相信，有人认为)---等等。例如：
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting.
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner.
It is rumored that he has been appointed as successor to the president of our company .
It is generally considered impolite to ask one's age, salary, marriage, etc.
The professor came to our school and was warmly welcomed by the teachers and students.（句子的后半句用被动式就可以只安排一个主语。）那位教授来到我校并受到师生们的热烈欢迎。
I went to the party and was asked by my friends to do some cooking for them. （同上）我去参加了那个聚会，朋友们还请我为他们烧了几样菜。
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area.
注意：
1. 不及物动词不能直接用于被动语态。如：
The girl will be well cared.(错误)
The girl will be well cared for.(正确)
没有被动语态的动词：
1. 没有被动语态的词， 表示状态或特征的及物动词如 cost, fit, have, suit等没有被动形式，另外，像happen = take place, break out(爆发)，break down(坏了) result from(缘于)，belong to, consist of等只用主动语态，而不用被动语态
2. 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态: appear, die ,disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, last, lie, remain, sit, spread（传播）, stand, come true, fall asleep, ...
3. 大多数系动词：be , feel (摸起来)，sound(听起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste（尝起来），look(看起来)， 等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。
例：①The shirt feels very soft. 这件衬衣摸起来很柔软。
②Many changes have taken place in our country.
2.五看（look at, observe,watch, see,notice)三使（make/let/have）两听(listen to,hear)一感觉（feel）， 在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带to的动词不定式，但是在改成被动语态时，则一定要把省去的to再加上去，另外help这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to, 但在被动语态中也必须把to加上去。
They heard a girl sing in the next room.
A girl was heard to sing in the next room by them.
Mother often makes me do homework.
→I am often made to do homework by mother.
3.含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。（宾补放在原来位置不变）
例：①We call him Xiao Ming.
主 谓 宾 宾补
→Ｈe is called Xiao Ming by us.
②He found the novel very interesting.
→The novel was found very interesting by him.
在被动语态的句子中，谓语部分的结构是be + p.p.（过去分词）。被动语态的句子有时态的变化，这个变化反映在be动词上。也就是说，把一个句子变成被动语态的句子时，只需要写出be动词的所需时态，再加上所给动词的过去分词就行了。当然，这只是指谓语部分而言。be动词作为一个独立的谓语动词有自己现在分词（being）和过去分词 （been）。be在各种时态中的变化形式：
一般现在时 am / is / are
一般过去时 was / were
一般将来时 shall / will + be
过去将来时 would / should + be
现在进行时 am / is / are + being
过去进行时 was / were + being
现在完成时 have / has + been
过去完成时 had + been
说明：1）以上的八个时态可用于被动式，其它没有列举的时态都不宜用于被动语态的句子中。2）另外，表中被斜线隔开的词要根据具体情况选择。弄清楚了be在各种时态中的变化形式以后，我们就能很轻松地写出被动语态的各种时态了。
我们可看看下面的实例：
English is spoken in many countries all over the world .（一般现在时）
世界上许多国家都讲英文。
Some TV sets for sale in the department store were stolen last night. （一般过去时）
那家商场用来出售的部分电视机昨晚被盗。
He won't be allowed, by his father, to marry Larra. （一般将来时）
他父亲不会让他娶拉拉为妻的。
They would be sent to the army when they finished the training. （过去将来时）
他们结束训练时将被派往部队。
The project is being carried out.（现在进行时）这个计划正在执行中。
The case was being investigated then.（过去进行时）那时这案子正在调查中。
This novel has been translated into several languages. （现在完成时）这本小说已被译成了几种语言。
They said that production costs had been reduced.
主动语态变被动语态how to change the active voice into the passive voice.
Example:
They make cars.----Cars are made by them.
1. Many people use computers.
2.The workers plant trees in the garden.
3.Lots of foreigners enjoy Beijing Opera.
4.Many visitors visit the Great Wall every year.
5.I will ask an interpreter for help.
6.English traders and English governments spread English in new lands around the world.
练习:一. 选择题：
( ) 1 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded
C. is founded D. was found
( )2 This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang
C. is often sang D. is often sung
( ) 3.New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used
( ) 4 Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
( )5. A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built
C. been built D. be building
( )6. Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
A. need B. are needing .
C. are needed D. will need
( ) 7. Japanese ___ in every country.
A. is not spoken B. are spoken
C. is speaking D. is not speaking
( )8. These papers ___ yet.
A. have not written B. have not been written
C. has not written D. has not been written
（）9. Kate, our car needs ____ again.
fixed B. to be fixed
C. be fixed D. be fixing
( )10. I'm sure courses ____ on car repair at Seattle Community College.
are offering B. offered
C. are offered D. is offered
( )11. Computers ______ this term.
A. taught B. are being taught
C. being taught D. be taught
( )12. High costs for repairs will ______.
A. avoid B. be avoided
C. avoiding D. be avoiding
关于带情态动词的被动结构
带情态动词的被动结构的固定句式为"情态动词 + be + 过去分词"。也有个别带"to"的情态动词例外，如：ought to和have to ，它们的被动结构就只能在不定式中。例如：
The debt must be paid off before next month.
The debt has to be paid off before next month.
Oil can be turned into energy by burning it.
You ought to be criticized for your carelessness.
带有两个宾语的主动态变成被动态
我们先来看看"带有两个宾语的主动态句子的结构"，重点看谓语部分 ：
She sent me a novel on my birthday .
主 谓 间接宾语 直接宾语 状语
I allowed him an hour to finish the work .
主 谓 间接宾语 直接宾语 状语
teach ,give ,pass ,show ,buy, tell等动词常常带有两个宾语（双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语），改为被动语态时，两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的介词to/for。例：
She gave me a book.= She gave a book to me.
→I was given a book by her.
→A book was given to me by her.
My father bought me an MP3.= My father bought an MP3 for me.
→I was bought an MP3 by my father.
→An MP3 was bought for me by my father.
从上面的分析可以看出，两个宾语分别是：直接宾语和间接宾语。将这种主动态的句子变成被动态的句子，可选两个宾语中的任何一个作为被动态句子的主语，而将另一个宾语作为“保留宾语”写入被动态的句中。但有一点要说明，如果你选直接宾语作"主语"，有时要在被动态句子的"保留宾语"前加上合适的介词。因为这些动词常有两种句式，即：我们可以说give sb sth , send sb sth , buy sb sth ；我们也可以说give sth to sb, send sth to sb , buy sth for sb 。
请看下面两种情况的对照：
She sent me a novel on my birthday. (主动)
I was sent a novel on my birthday. (被动)
A novel was sent to me on my birthday. (被动)
My brother bought me a watch yesterday. (主动)
I was bought a watch yesterday. (被动)
A watch was bought for me by my brother yesterday.(被动)
关于带有复合宾语的主动态变成被动态
如果将带有复合宾语（既：宾语 + 宾语补足语）的主动态的句子变成被动态的句子，我们只能选择原来句子的宾语作被动态句子的主语；而这时，原句里的宾语补足语现在就变成被动态句子的"主语补足语"了。例如：
The story made us laugh .(宾语补足语)
We were made to laugh by the story. (主语补足语)
They asked me to help them. (宾语补足语)
I was asked to help them. (主语补足语)
We saw them coming over. (宾语补足语)
They were seen coming over. (主语补足语)
练习：
1. I’ll be going to work on foot while my bicycle_____.
(a) is being repaired (b) is repaired
(c) will repaired (d) has been repaired
2. The radar sets _____ for a long time without any trouble.
(a) have been running (b) have been run
(c) have run (d) were running
3. While the ice box_____, a lot of defects were found.
(a) was being examined (b) was examined
(c) was examining (d) had been examined
4. Do you remember _____ to Dr. Henry during your last visit
(a) to be introduced (b) being introduced
(c)having introduced (d) to have introduced
5. The book is worthy of_____.
(a) reading (b) read
(c) having read (d) being read
6. I dislike _____ while trying to learn skiing.
(a) being looked at (b) looking at
(c) to look at (d) having looked at
7. “Do you have any clothes _____ today ” my mother asked.
(a) to wash (b)be washed
(c) wash (d) to be washed
8. Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature_____.
(a) taking (b) to take
(c) take (d) taken
9. Let teachers’ words_____.
(a) being remembered (b) remembering
(c) be remembered (d) remember
10. He has come to_____.
(a) checked his blood pressure
(b) having his blood pressure checked
(c) have his blood pressure checked
(d) have checked his blood pressure