2024年中考英语二轮复习提升训练-阅读：科普知识与科学技术(解析版)

2024年中考英语二轮复习提升训练-阅读：科普知识与科学技术
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
考点目录
一、发明创造的先锋：科学幻想。
二、阅读单选之科普知识。
三、阅读单选之科学技术。
四、阅读单选之科学精神。
五、人类前进的推动力——发明与创造。
六、大数据下的现代生活。
七、青少年的双刃剑：网络的利与弊。
八、经典考点：信息技术。
九、大数据下的信息安全。
一、发明创造的先锋：科学幻想。
Passage 1
（2023·重庆铜梁·二模）
The sun sets on a field in southern England. When it rises again the following morning, that field has become a huge work of art. A large part of the crop has been pressed into a pattern of circles, squares and other shapes.
Farmers have reported finding strange circles in their fields for centuries. The earliest mention of a crop circle dates back to the 1500s. A woodcut（木版画）from the time showed a “mowing devil” making a crop circle. Crop circles, however, didn’t get attention until 1980, when a farmer in England, discovered three circles, each about 18 meters across, in his field. The world first began to learn about crop circles.
By the 1990s, crop circles had become something of a tourist attraction. In 1990 alone, more than 500 circles appeared in Europe. Within the next few years, there were thousands.
Crop circles can be in many different shapes. Most early crop circles were simple circular designs. But after 1990, the circles changed. Crops can be made to look like just about anything—smiling faces, flowers of even words.
People have long been wondering who or what is creating these crop circles. Possibly the most widely known idea is that crop circles are the work of visitors from other planets. Those who agree with the idea say the circles are either the
mark left by landing spacecraft or messages brought from afar for us.
Probably the most scientific opinion says that crop circles are created by vortices（漩涡）. They force the air down to the ground, which presses the crops down. Dr. Terence Meaden, an expert in this field, says when the dust gets caught up in a vortex, it can appear to glow, which may explain the UFO—like glowing lights many people have seen. But no one can explain how the air can create such perfect shaped crop circles in just a few seconds.
1．The writer introduce the topic by ______.
A．telling a story B．asking a question
C．giving a comparison D．describing a scene
2．The right order of the statements may be ______.
a.More than 500 circles appeared in Europe.
b.The world first began to learn about crop circles.
c.Farmers reported finding strange circles in their field.
d.The circles changed into anything—smiling faces, flowers or words.
A．a-b-c-d B．b-c-a-d C．c-b-a-d D．c-d-a-b
3．The structure of the passage is ______.
A． B．
C． D．
4．The best title of the passage probably is ______.
A．Farmers and Strange Circles B．Different Shapes of Crop Circles
C．Creators of Crop Circles D．The Mystery of Crop Circles
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D
【详解】本主要介绍了英国南部的一个农田在夜晚被制作成了各种形状的麦田怪圈，这些圆圈被称为“麦田怪圈”。但是至今还没有人能够解释为什么空气可以在短短几秒钟内创造出如此完美的麦田怪圈。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“The sun sets on a field in southern England. When it rises again the following morning, that field has become a huge work of art. A large part of the crop has been pressed into a pattern of circles, squares and other shapes.”太阳落在英格兰南部的田野上。当它第二天早上再次升起的时候，这个领域已经变成了一件巨大的艺术品。大部分作物被压成圆形、方形和其他形状。可知作者通过描述这样一个场景来引出话题。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Farmers have reported finding strange circles in their fields for centuries.”，第二段“The world first began to learn about crop circles.”，第三段“In 1990 alone, more than 500 circles appeared in Europe.”，第四段“Crops can be made to look like just about anything—smiling faces, flowers of even words.”，可知正确排序为c-b-a-d。故选C。
3．篇章结构题。根据第一段“The sun sets on a field in southern England. When it rises again the following morning, that field has become a huge work of art. A large part of the crop has been pressed into a pattern of circles, squares and other shapes.”可知第一段通过描述一个场景引出怪圈这一主题。根据第二段“Farmers have reported finding strange circles in their fields for centuries.”可知第二段和第三段介绍怪圈的出现。根据第四段“Crop circles can be in many different shapes.”可知第四段介绍麦田怪圈的形状。根据第五段“People have long been wondering who or what is creating these crop circles.”可知第五段和第六段介绍人们对麦田怪圈的猜测。故选B。
4．最佳标题题。根据第五段“People have long been wondering who or what is creating these crop circles. Possibly the most widely known idea is that crop circles are the work of visitors from other planets. Those who agree with the idea say the circles are either the mark left by landing spacecraft or messages brought from afar for us.”长期以来人们一直想知道是谁或什么造成了这些麦田怪圈。可能最广为人知的观点是，麦田怪圈是来自别的星球的访客造成的。那些同意这个观点的人说这些怪圈要么是着陆的宇宙飞船留下的标记，要么是从远处给我们带来的信息。并结合全文，可知本文主要介绍了麦田怪圈之谜。故选D。
Passage 2
（2023·广东揭阳·二模）Smartphones are getting boring. The new models are either a bit faster or have nicer cameras, but they are basically no different from the ones already in our pockets. This is why scientists are hoping, and working for something new, something that will change our lives just as greatly as smartphones do. At the moment, the next invention might be smart glasses.
Just imagine. Instead of having to pick up your phone and look at the screen, all of the information you need simply
appears just in front of you, in your glasses. Satellite navigation directions would appear right there on the road. And your smart glasses could guide you to the right shelf in the supermarket!
Smart glasses could also be used in industry. They could show engineers the instructions they need to fix things more quickly. A doctor could carry out a huge operation, guided in real time by someone on the other side of the world.
This may not happen. But most of the technologies to invent them are already there. For example, one key technology is called AR, which can make digital 3D objects appear as if they are part of the real world. We’ve used it a lot on our video call. Similarly, huge progress has been made in spatial audio（空间音频）. This is when a sound is made to give it a sense of place, like what you hear in an empty room. Some high-end earphones can already do that. Future glasses will of course need to recognize your voice to do tasks. This technology has been widely used in our daily life.
So, why aren’t we all wearing smart glasses yet So far, no one has invented a good way to send images（影像）of our world onto glasses. However, with the rapid development of technology, smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think.
5．According to the passage, what might be the new invention that will change our life
A．Smartphones. B．Cameras. C．Pockets. D．Smart glasses.
6．What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about
A．Where smart glasses could be used. B．When smart glasses might be made.
C．Why smart glasses should be changed. D．How smart glasses would give directions.
7．What do the underlined words “Satellite navigation” in paragraph 2 mean
A．VIP. B．DIY. C．GPS. D．UFO.
8．How might the writer feel about the future of smart glasses
A．Bored. B．Uncertain. C．Satisfied. D．Confident.
9．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．Different Ways to Use Smartphones
B．Smart Glasses will be Used in Industry.
C．Smart Glasses will Greatly Change our Lives.
D．Why can’t We Wear Smart Glasses at Present
【答案】5．D 6．A 7．C 8．D 9．C
【详解】本文主要介绍了随着科技的飞速发展，智能眼镜可能会很快进入到我们的生活，改变我们的生活。
5．细节理解题。根据“This is why scientists are hoping, and working for something new, something that will change our
lives just as greatly as smartphones do. At the moment, the next invention might be smart glasses.”（这就是为什么科学家们希望并致力于研发一些新的东西，一些能像智能手机一样极大地改变我们生活的东西。眼下，下一个发明可能是智能眼镜。）可知，智能眼镜将会是改变我们生活的新发明，故选D。
6．段落大意题。根据“Just imagine. Instead of having to pick up your phone and look at the screen, all of the information you need simply appears just in front of you, in your glasses.”及“Smart glasses could also be used in industry.”可知2和3段主要讲智能眼镜可以使用的地方。故选A。
7．词义猜测题。根据“And your smart glasses could guide you to the right shelf in the supermarket!”（你的智能眼镜可以指引你在超市找到正确的货架）可知，这里是介绍智能眼镜的定位导航功能，所以划线部分表示“定位导航”，故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据“However, with the rapid development of technology, smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think.”可知作者认为随着科技的发展，智能眼镜可能会比我们想象的更快到来，即对智能眼镜的前景是比较有信心的。故选D。
9．标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了随着科技的飞速发展，智能眼镜可能会很快进入到我们的生活，改变我们的生活。故选C。
Passage 3
（2023·浙江杭州·二模）Me: Hello, Television Viewers! I am Aziza Bellamy, and thanks for watching. I want to especially thank you. Ms. Bertha, for agreeing to this interview on live television. It’s a pleasure to meet you, the first-known visitor from outer space to Earth. Now, I understand that you are from a planet called Zademol
Bertha: Just call me Miss Bertha or Bertha, please, but not “Ms”.
Me: Okay, sorry about that. So, you’ve been on Earth for about a week now. What have been your biggest disappointments or challenges so far
Bertha: It’s not the worst planet I’ve ever been to. Mercury was much worse. The family I’m staying with, for example, were nice at first. But now they roll their eyes whenever I open my mouth to say anything. They’re not interested in any of my stories. And I think they may be trying to avoid me. Worst of all, they make me wash my own dishes and bathe myself. They’re so rude.
Me: Oh, um… wow. That’s just.
Bertha: I am used to having high standards when I choose where to stay, by the way. I have stayed with presidents on other planets. And they all admired me and begged me not to leave. But I gave this human family a chance to host me. I mean really, they should be grateful that I chose them, of all the people on Earth, to wash my clothes and cook my
meals and treat me.
Me: Well, what you’re saying is surprising, Bertha. Do you think it’s possible that this family just wants you to pitch in(投入) a little to be a good guest
Bertha: It’s strange to me that you’re not agreeing with me. If you were smarter, you’d agree with me. Everyone on Zadermol is smarter than the smartest person on Earth. Earth is below me.
Me: You know what, Bertha I’m starting to see why you’re so unhappy here on Earth. You’re just a boastful alien.
10．Who is hosting the interview
A．Aziza Bellamy B．Bertha
C．A visitor from outer space. D．A president.
11．From the passage, we know that Aziza is ________.
A．proud of Bertha B．interested in Zademol
C．dissatisfied with Bertha D．scared of Bertha’s words
12．What might Aziza write in his diary about the interview
A．Talking to Bertha was great fun. I now know much about Zademol.
B．We should try to improve our earth as Bertha’s hometown is much better.
C．The interview was interesting. But I dislike the family Bertha is staying with
D．It was an unusual interview, and an unexpected experience as well.
13．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．Bertha is never going back to the earth again.
B．The host family will like Bertha’s stories later on.
C．There have been many aliens visiting the earth before Bertha.
D．Bertha has few friends because of his boast.
【答案】10．A 11．C 12．D 13．D
【详解】本文主要介绍了跨星系访客之间的采访。
10．细节理解题。根据“Hello, Television Viewers! I am Aziza Bellamy, and thanks for watching. I want to especially thank you. Ms. Bertha, for agreeing to this interview on live television. ”可知Aziza Bellamy是主持人，故选A。
11．细节理解题。根据“You know what, Bertha I‘m starting to see why you’re so unhappy here on Earth. You’re just a boastful alien.”可知Aziza并不满意Bertha，故选C。
12．推理判断题。根据“I want to especially thank you. Ms. Bertha, for agreeing to this interview on live television. It’s a pleasure to meet you, the first-known visitor from outer space to Earth. ”结合文章内容，可知这是一次跨星系访客之间
的采访，对Aziza来说这是一次不寻常的采访，也是一次意想不到的经历，故选D。
13．推理判断题。根据“I’m starting to see why you’re so unhappy here on Earth. You’re just a boastful alien.”（我开始明白你为什么在这个世界上这么不开心，你只是个爱吹牛的被宠坏了的外星人。）可知自吹自擂不会为我们赢得朋友，选项D符合文意，故选D。
Passage 4
（2023·浙江丽水·一模）UK Daily Mall has recently collected ideas from scientists of what aliens(外星人) could really look like. Many scientists believe that their appearances have very close relationship with the natural environment. Let’s check out their alien ideas.
Insects with wide wingsFor worlds with a low-density atmosphere(低密度大气), life forms may have huge wings to fly. Crab-like creaturesScientists imagine that there might be sea creatures such as crabs(螃蟹) in underground oceans.
Tiny creaturesIt is possible that there are simple single-celled(单细胞的)creatures that can’t be seen by human eyes. Animals with long legsOn a planet smaller than Earth, there may be tall aliens because of the force of weaker gravity(重力) .
Short and strong aliens Creatures on a planet which is heavier and has stronger gravity than Earth maybe shorter and stronger than humans. Human-like aliensCreatures can look similar to humans if they live in conditions like Earth, both in terms of gravity, atmosphere and temperature.
14．Aliens maybe shorter and stronger than humans because of the ________.
A．low atmosphere B．heavier gravity
C．condition like Earth D．different temperatures
15．According to the text, tall aliens may ________.
A．live on a smaller planet B．look similar to humans
C．be much taller than humans D．also have long arms
16．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Creatures in the World B．Humans in the Future
C．Aliens in Scientists’ Minds D．Sea Animals in Oceans
【答案】14．B 15．A 16．C
【详解】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多科学家认为外星人的外貌与自然环境有关，并具体阐述了六种他们关于外星人外貌及其原因的观点看法。
14．细节理解题。根据“Creatures on a planet which is heavier and has stronger gravity than Earth maybe shorter and stronger than humans.”可知，外星人更矮更强是由更重更强的重力导致的。故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据“On a planet smaller than Earth, there may be tall aliens because of the force of weaker gravity(重力) .”可知，身高高的外星人可能生活在比地球更小的星球上。故选A。
16．最佳标题题。根据“UK Daily Mall has recently collected ideas from scientists of what aliens(外星人) could really look like. Many scientists believe that their appearances have very close relationship with the natural environment. Let’s check out their alien ideas.”和通读全文可知，文章主要阐述了科学家们关于外星人外貌的观点看法。故选C。
二、阅读单选之科普知识。
Passage 1
（2023·湖北黄石·中考真题）根据短文内容，选出适当的句子补全短文，使短文意思通顺，内容完整。
Imagine this: you sit down and begin to eat a tasty tomato when, suddenly, it starts to scream (尖叫)! This thing will never really happen. 17
Researchers did the study. They used ultrasonic microphones (超声波麦克风) to record the sounds of tomato plants in boxes.
18 : one group wasn’t watered for five days, another group had the stems (茎) cut off and the third group was untouched. It turned out that the first two groups made sounds 30 to 50 times per hour at a frequency (频率) of 40 to 80 kilohertz, while the untouched group only made the sound once per hour. When tomatoes are not stressed at all, they are very quiet.
19 , but they believe the noise comes from the breaking of air bubbles (气泡) in the plants. This means the noise produced by the plants is not intentional (故意的) or a form of active communication.
There is no evidence (证据) that plants can intentionally communicate. 20 . For example, the sound can tell a moth (蛾子) that the plant is under stress and not suitable to lay eggs on. An animal that wants to eat a plant could also use the sounds to make decisions, according to Science Focus.
After the experiment, the researchers listened to other plants such as wheat (小麦) and corn, and found that they also made more sounds when stressed. 21 , as they can better take care of the crops (庄稼) by “hearing” how plants feel.
A．Three groups of plants were listened to
B．The researchers don’t know how the sounds are made
C．Researchers said the study can benefit farmers in the future
D．But animals and insects may be “listening in” to benefit from the sound
E．But a new study showed that plants can make sounds when they are stressed
【答案】17．E 18．A 19．B 20．D 21．C
【详解】本文介绍了一个研究，研究表明，植物在受到压力时会发出声音，这项研究有助于农民更好地照顾作物。
17．根据“This thing will never really happen.”以及“Researchers did the study. They used ultrasonic microphones (超声波麦克风) to record the sounds of tomato plants in boxes.”可知此处表明进行了一个研究，选项E“但一项新的研究表明，植物在受到压力时会发出声音”符合语境。故选E。
18．根据“one group wasn’t watered for five days, another group had the stems (茎) cut off and the third group was untouched”可知是有三组植物，选项A“有三组植物被倾听”符合语境。故选A。
19．根据“but they believe the noise comes from the breaking of air bubbles (气泡) in the plants”可知他们认为噪音来自植物里气泡的破裂，由此可推知转折词前表示研究人员不知道声音是如何产生的，选项B“研究人员不知道这些声音是如何发出的”符合语境。故选B。
20．根据“For example, the sound can tell a moth (蛾子) that the plant is under stress and not suitable to lay eggs on.”可知此处介绍的是声音的好处，选项D“但动物和昆虫可能正在‘倾听’以从声音中受益”符合语境。故选D。
21．根据“as they can better take care of the crops (庄稼) by ‘hearing’ how plants feel.”可知他们可以通过“倾听”植物的感受来更好地照顾作物，所以农民可以因此获益，选项C“研究人员表示，这项研究可以使农民在未来受益”符合语境。故选C。
Passage 2
（2023·江苏常州·中考真题）Scientists who study happiness have evidence (证据) to show that being kind to others
can result in happiness. Acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can lift a person’s mood, for example. Everyday life is full of chances for such actions, yet people do not always make the most of them.
In studies, behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley and I examined a possible explanation: people who do kind acts underestimate (低估) how much the ones receiving kindness value their behavior.
In the experiments (实验), about 1, 000 people were asked to do some actions to make someone else feel good. We asked both the person performing (执行) the kind act and the one receiving it to answer some questions. The performers were asked to report their own experience and to guess how the receivers might feel. We wanted to understand how valuable people considered these acts to be, so both the performer and receiver had to rate (评分) how “big” the act seemed. In all cases, we compared the performer’s expectations of the receiver’s mood with the receiver’s actual (实际的) experience.
For one, both performers and receivers experienced more positive (积极的) moods. For another, the receivers felt much better than the kind performers expected. The receivers also rated these acts as “bigger” than the people performing them did.
At first, we studied acts of the kindness done for familiar people, such as friends, classmates or family. But we found that performers underestimated their positive influences on strangers as well. In one experiment, performers in a public park gave away hot chocolate on a cold winter’s day to people that just happened to be nearby. Again, the kind act brought more happiness than the performers expected.
These findings suggest that what might seem small could matter a great deal to the person we do it for. Considering these warm actions can improve our own mood and brighten the day of another person, why not choose kindness when we can
22．What did the receivers do in the experiments
A．They showed kindness to others.
B．They guessed the performers’ feelings.
C．They rated how valuable the performers’ act of kindness was.
D．They compared the performers’ expectations with their actual results.
23．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Different purposes of the research. B．More evidence for the research results.
C．Possible influences of the research findings. D．Another explanation of the research methods.
24．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) towards showing kindness to others
A．Supportive. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested.
25．What is the main idea of this article
A．Being kind can reduce one’s happiness as expected.
B．Kindness can have unexpectedly positive influences.
C．Choosing kindness is more difficult than expected.
D．Showing kindness is more valuable than receiving it.
【答案】22．C 23．B 24．A 25．B
【详解】本文主要介绍了研究表明，善良会产生意想不到的积极影响。
22．细节理解题。根据“both the performer and receiver had to rate (评分) how ‘big’ the act seemed”可知接受者都必须对善意行为的程度进行评分。故选C。
23．主旨大意题。根据“At first, we studied acts of the kindness done for familiar people...the kind act brought more happiness than the performers expected.”可知本段主要介绍了一些证明研究结果的更多证据。故选B。
24．推理判断题。根据“why not choose kindness when we can ”可知作者建议我们要选择善良，所以作者对于对别人友善的行为是支持的。故选A。
25．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了研究表明，善良会产生意想不到的积极影响。故选B。
Passage 3
（2023·山东济南·中考真题）Warming temperatures and shorter winters might sound like the end of snow days. However, rising temperatures may actually cause snowstorms to dump more snow, says David Robinson. He is a professor at a university in New Jersey. He studies climate (气候) change.
Temperature change is one of the greatest in Earth’s climate change over a long period of time. It can happen naturally or because of human activities, such as burning gas and coal. Burning these fuels produces carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and other pollutants into the atmosphere, which hold heat in the atmosphere, leading to warmer global temperatures over time.
But how could warmer temperatures lead to more snow To get snow, you need moisture (水汽) and freezing temperatures (0℃ or less), says Robinson. Without moisture in the air, there is no precipitation (rain or snow). Robinson says there are signs that snowstorms are becoming stronger. This is because of this connection between moisture and precipitation.
“The warmer the air becomes, the more moisture it holds. So, if it’s warming and still cold enough to snow, you can get more snow,” Robinson says.
Of the 10 biggest snowfalls in D．C． region, five happened in the past 25 years, according to the NWS. During that
same time period, average winter temperatures in D．C． increased. In 1996, the average winter temperature was 1.8℃. In 2020, it was 6℃.
Weather experts suggest that rising temperatures may make winter shorter and less cold. But for now, the snow is still falling. One day, winter might not have any days below the freezing temperature. Once temperatures stay above freezing, snowstorms become rain. Until then, we might continue to see strong storms.
According to Robinson, that time could come sooner than we think. He says, “When we look back, years from now, we may see that this was the breaking point.”
26．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．How Earth’s climate changes. B．What causes rising temperatures.
C．What produces carbon dioxide. D．How pollution influences climate.
27．What will the warming temperatures cause according to the text
A．Less coal. B．Drier weather.
C．Longer winters. D．Stronger snowstorms.
28．What is the purpose of paragraph 5
A．To introduce D．C．
B．To report the biggest 10 snowstorms.
C．To support Robinson’s ideas.
D．To show the increase of temperatures.
29．What does Robinson think of the future warming temperatures
A．Impossible. B．Serious. C．Meaningless. D．Amazing.
30．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A science magazine. B．A story book.
C．A science fiction. D．A travel guide.
【答案】26．B 27．D 28．C 29．B 30．A
【详解】本文主要讲了温度上升与更多的暴风雪是否有关系的问题。
26．主旨大意题。根据“Burning these fuels produces carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and other pollutants into the atmosphere, which hold heat in the atmosphere, leading to warmer global temperatures over time.”可知，第二段主要介绍了导致气温上升的原因。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据“Robinson says there are signs that snowstorms are becoming stronger. This is because of this connection between moisture and precipitation.”可知，变暖的温度会导致更强的暴风雪。故选D。
28．推理判断题。根据“Of the 10 biggest snowfalls in D. C. region, five happened in the past 25 years, …average winter temperatures in D. C. increased. In 1996, the average winter temperature was 1.8℃. In 2020, it was 6℃.”可推知，作者在第五段通过陈述华盛顿地区的事实，进一步印证了Robinson的观点。故选C。
29．推理判断题。根据“One day, winter might not have any days below the freezing temperature.”以及“According to Robinson, that time could come sooner than we think.”可推知，Robinson认为未来全球变暖，气温升高会很严重。故选B。
30．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲了温度上升与更多的暴风雪是否有关系的问题。故可推知，文章可能来源于一本科学杂志。故选A。
三、阅读单选之科学技术。
Passage 1
（2023·宁夏·中考真题）Imagine a tiny robot crawling（爬）through your body, helping doctors with their work. It’s not from a science novel. Doctors are now using robots to do operations（手术）. This is because robots can do some work that doctors can’t. The robots carry small cameras, which allow doctors to look inside patients’ bodies. The robots also have tiny scissors and other tools. “It’s like having little hands inside the patients,” said Dr. Wang from a hospital in Beijing.
Here’s how they work: The doctor makes a small cut in a patient. Then, the doctor puts the robot through the cut. Next, the doctor controls the robot to reach where it needs to go. Finally, with the help of the robot, the doctor looks inside the patient’s body and begins to work.
The robots have many advantages for doctors and patients. They help cut medical costs and make difficult operations quicker and easier. They allow doctors to operate with less damage（伤害）to patients’ bodies, too. This helps them to heal（治愈）faster.
However, the robots aren’t perfect. They can be expensive. What’s more, they are just tools to help humans, and they must be used by skilled doctors. Even the best robots can’t do everything that humans can do.
Scientists are working to make robots, smarter. Someday, robots may do even more than expected for humans.
31．The robots carry ________ to help doctors look inside patients’ bodies.
A．small cameras B．little hands C．common tools D．tiny scissors
32．In what order does the doctor do operations with the help of the robot
a. Look inside the patient’s body and begin to work.
b. Control the robot to reach where it needs to go.
c. Put the robot into the patient’s body through the cut.
d. Make a small cut.
A．d→b→c→a B．d→c→a→b C．d→a→c→b D．d→c→b→a
33．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The size of the robots.
B．The future of the robots.
C．The costs of the robots.
D．The advantages of the robots.
34．What may be the best title for the passage
A．Doctors Cut Medical Costs
B．Scientists Make Robots Smarter
C．Robots Help Doctors with Operations
D．Patients Do More than Expected
【答案】31．A 32．D 33．D 34．C
【详解】本文主要介绍了机器人现在可以帮助医生做手术。
31．细节理解题。根据“This is because robots can do some work that doctors can’t. The robots carry small cameras, which allow doctors to look inside patients’ bodies.”可知这些机器人携带小型摄像头，帮助医生查看病人的身体内部。故选A。
32．细节理解题。根据“Here’s how they work: The doctor makes a small cut in a patient. Then, the doctor puts the robot through the cut. Next, the doctor controls the robot to reach where it needs to go. Finally, with the help of the robot, the doctor looks inside the patient’s body and begins to work.”（它们的工作原理是这样的：医生在病人身上切一个小口。然后，医生让机器人穿过切口。接下来，医生控制机器人到达它需要去的地方。最后，在机器人的帮助下，医生观察病人的身体内部并开始工作。）可知正确的顺序是：做一个小切口——通过切口将机器人放入病人体内——控制机器人到达需要去的地方——观察病人身体内部并开始工作。故选D。
33．段落大意题。根据“The robots have many advantages for doctors and patients.”可知第三段介绍机器人的优势，故选D。
34．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了机器人现在可以帮助医生做手术。故选C。
Passage 2
（2023·湖南娄底·中考真题）Nowadays, it seems that we cannot live without technology. We learn, work and relax by using phones, computers, iPads, AI robots and so on. Now, let’s see what’s going on in Julie’s life.
Julie usually wakes up at the ring of a mobile phone. Then, she eats her breakfast to a video on the phone. When she gets to her company, she deals with the business on the computer. And she often downloads（下载）and stores things that she needs on her iPad. When she needs something, she can just turn on the iPad and search for it. She carries the iPad wherever she is on business because it’s light. When she is at home in the evening, she sometimes uses ChatGPT, a smart AI chat robot, to write her projects. She only needs to type in some key words and then she can get some ideas in a second. It can make her use less time to do more things. In the late evening, she always falls asleep at the soft music from Xiaodu.
Julie lives with technology, and so do we. However, technology brings us some problems at the same time. Staring at screens too much is bad for our eyes. Many of us are near-sighted（近视的）or have other eye problems. AI is making some of us unwilling to think and explore on our own. We may copy ideas from AI robots. We may even like chatting in the virtual（虚拟的）world better because of so many chat robots.
So, I think that technology is a double-sided sword（双刃剑）. We should use technology correctly and wisely to make our life easy, colorful and convenient.
35．What does Julie probably do
A．She is a student. B．She is a writer. C．She is a manager.
36．What does Julie carry when she is on business
A．A computer. B．An iPad. C．An AI robot.
37．How does the writer develop Paragraph 2
A．By giving examples. B．By providing reasons. C．By expressing opinions.
38．What can we infer（推断）from the passage
A．ChatGPT is a smart AI chat robot.
B．AI robots will take the place of us one day.
C．People may communicate less with each other in real life.
39．What’s the best title of the passage
A．How Does Julie Spend Her Day
B．How Does Technology Help Us
C．How Does Technology Influence Our Life
【答案】35．C 36．B 37．A 38．C 39．C
【详解】本文主要介绍了科学技术对我们生活的影响。
35．推理判断题。根据“When she gets to her company”可知在公司上班的可能是一个经理。故选C。
36．细节理解题。根据“She carries the iPad wherever she is on business”可知她出差时随身携带iPad。故选B。
37．推理判断题。根据“Julie usually wakes up at the ring of a mobile phone...”可知第二段通过Julie的事例讲述了科技对生活的影响。故选A。
38．推理判断题。根据“We may even like chatting in the virtual（虚拟的）world better”可知可能更喜欢在虚拟世界聊天，所以在现实生活中，人们之间的交流可能会减少。故选C。
39．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了科学技术对我们生活的影响，选项C“科技如何影响我们的生活”为标题最合适。故选C。
Passage 3
（2024·安徽·一模）Sitting in the garden, Newton watched an apple fall from a tree. He began to wonder if the same force that pulled the apple down also kept the moon-circling the earth. Newton believed it did. He called it “gravity (重力)”.
This story has become one of the most popular examples of “eureka” moments. But when we cheer for the great discovery, the whole process of creative thinking shouldn’t be forgotten.
Newton studied mathematics for long to have a better understanding of the world. He always enjoyed finding new ways to solve problems. The falling apple was only the fruit of years of hard work before. It also started the train of thought that continued for the next twenty years.
Newton began to examine “gravity” carefully. He experimented. Then he studied the results and used what he had learned to do new experiments. In 1687, the greatest scientific work ever written came out.
The whole process of creative thinking works the same in our life. In school, we prepare ourselves for the right moment. Once the moment comes, we catch it and then keep on working in the years to come. It takes much to get the fruits of creative thinking, but the sweetest fruits will be ready for those who wait the longest.
40．What does the underlined word “eureka” mean ________
A．I’ve got it. B．I give up. C．I’ve no idea. D．I believe it.
41．What’s the correct order of Newton’s story ________
a. He caught the right moment.
b. He did experiments over and over.
c. He saw an apple fall from a tree.
d. He studied mathematics for long.
A．a-c-d-b B．b-a-c-d C．a-b-c-d D．d-c-a-b
42．What does the writer want to tell us ________
A．Creative thinking is a short moment.
B．Pleasure comes from a great discovery.
C．A great discovery happens suddenly.
D．Success goes to those who work and wait.
43．How does the writer develop his idea in this passage ________
A．By raising questions.
B．By giving examples.
C．By listing numbers.
D．By explaining differences.
【答案】40．A 41．D 42．D 43．B
【详解】本文以牛顿的故事为例告诉我们创造性思维实际是一个过程，指出成功需要长期的学习和等待。
40．词义猜测题。根据第二段“This story has become one of the most popular examples of “eureka” moments.” 这个故事已经成为最受欢迎的“顿悟”时刻的例子之一。通过牛顿发现“重力”的故事可推断出是灵感到来的那一刻，所以“eureka”应是“我明白了”的意思。故选A。
41．细节理解题。根据“Newton studied mathematics for long to have a better understanding of the world. ... The falling apple was only the fruit of years of hard work before. It also started the train of thought that continued for the next twenty years. ... He experimented.”可知牛顿学了很久数学，之后他看见一个苹果从树上掉下来，他抓住了这个时刻并反复做实验，正确的排序是d-c-a-b。故选D。
42．主旨大意题。根据牛顿发现万有引力的故事及文章最后一段“The whole process of creative thinking works the same in our life. In school, we prepare ourselves for the right moment. Once the moment comes, we catch it and then keep on working in the years to come. It takes much to get the fruits of creative thinking, but the sweetest fruits will be ready for those who wait the longest.” 创造性思维的整个过程在我们的生活中都是一样的。在学校，我们为合适的时机做准备。一旦时机到来，我们就抓住它，然后在未来的岁月里继续努力。获得创造性思维的果实需要付出很多，但最甜蜜的果实将留给那些等待时间最长的人。可知，作者强调创造性思维的过程，指出成功需要长期的学习和等待。故选D。
43．细节理解题。通读全文可知，作者是通过牛顿的故事来阐述他的观点的。故选B。
四、阅读单选之科学精神。
Passage 1
（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）Ten years ago, I set out to study luck. I wanted to know why some people are always in the right place at the right time, while others always experience ill luck.
Many people volunteered for my research. Over the years I interviewed them, watched their lives and had them take part in my experiments (实验).
I carried out a simple experiment to discover why there were differences in their ability to spot (发现) opportunities. I gave both lucky and unlucky people a newspaper and asked them to look through it and tell me how many photos were inside.
I had secretly placed a large message halfway through the newspaper saying, “Tell the researcher you have seen this and win $50.” This message took up half of the page and was more than two inches (英尺) high. It was staring everyone straight in the face, but unlucky people tended to (倾向) miss it and lucky people tended to spot it.
Unlucky people are just more nervous than lucky people. They are busy looking only for what they need and this stops them from noticing the unexpected. As a result, they miss out on opportunities.
Lucky people tend to be more relaxed and open. They can see everything that is in front of them, rather than just what they are looking for.
My research shows that lucky people live by several principles (原则). Here are some of these principles: Listen to your gut instincts (直觉) —they are often right. Be open to new experiences and break your normal thought patterns. Spend a few moments each day remembering things that went well. See yourself being lucky before an important meeting or phone call.
根据短文内容选择正确答案。
44．Why did the writer carry out this research
A．To prove that luck is actually a matter of chance.
B．To study why some people are always lucky or unlucky.
C．To help people become luckier through experiments.
45．What does the underlined word “opportunities” in the passage mean
A．Choices. B．Chances. C．Changes
46．Which action would decide if the volunteer was lucky or unlucky
A．Counting the number of photos in the newspaper.
B．Correcting the exact height of the large message.
C．Finding a hidden message about winning $50 in the newspaper.
47．Why do unlucky people often miss opportunities, according to the research
A．They pay great attention to what they need.
B．They are always busy looking for good luck.
C．They care more about unexpected things.
48．Which of the following will NOT help you become a lucky person
A．Listening to your gut instincts.
B．Thinking in a normal way.
C．Imagining yourself being lucky.
【答案】44．B 45．B 46．C 47．A 48．B
【详解】本文描述了一个关于幸运的人和不幸的人的“运气”研究，得出幸运的人大多生活得更放松，更能发现生活中的方方面面，所以自然不会错过可能会让他们幸运的事。
44．细节理解题。根据“I wanted to know why some people are always in the right place at the right time, while others always experience ill luck.”可知作者是为了研究为什么一些人总是幸运的，而另一些人总是运气差。故选B。
45．词句猜测题。根据“unlucky people tended to (倾向) miss it and lucky people tended to spot it”可知，幸运的人和不幸的人他们在发现机会的能力上存在差异；“opportunities”表示“机会”，与chances同义。故选B。
46．细节理解题。根据“I had secretly placed a large message halfway through the newspaper saying, ‘Tell the researcher you have seen this and win $50.’ This message took up half of the page and was more than two inches (英尺) high. It was staring everyone straight in the face, but unlucky people tended to (倾向) miss it and lucky people tended to spot it.”可知，作者偷偷地在报纸中间放了一条“告诉研究人员你已经看到了这一点，并赢得50美元。”的大消息，不幸的人倾向于错过它，幸运的人倾向于发现它。故选C。
47．细节理解题。根据“Unlucky people are just more nervous than lucky people. They are busy looking only for what they need and this stops them from noticing the unexpected. As a result, they miss out on opportunities.”可知，不幸运的人总是关注他们所需要的东西，所以错过了机会。故选A。
48．细节理解题。根据“Be open to new experiences and break your normal thought patterns.”可知，要接受新的体验，打破正常的思维模式；因此B选项“用正常的思维去思考。”不能帮助你成为一个幸运的人。故选B。
Passage 2
（2022·浙江温州·二模）
Our Milky Way Galaxy may be home to 2 billion planets that have the right conditions to support life. These planets have the correct temperature for liquid water. While no one knows what alien life would look like, if it is anything like life on earth, it would need water to keep alive. According to the research, there are nearly 2 billion habitable planets in the Milky Way Galaxy, which is just one of 100 to 200 billion galaxies in the universe.
The earth was formed 9 billion years after the Big Bang. Many of the planets in the Milky Way were formed millions and some even billions of years before the earth. If intelligent life had existed on any of these planets, they would be much more developed than humans. With that much time to develop the technology for space travel, we should have been visited by aliens many times.
So where is everyone Some people believe that aliens have visited earth many times, and some governments of the world might have known very well. some believe that we have also been visited many times in the ancient past. They point to the Egyptian pyramids or the huge heads of Easter Island. They say that there was no way that ancient humans were able to create these structures without alien assistance.
According to Harvard professor Avi Loeb, . For example, in 2017, a cigar-shaped object came within 33 million km of the earth as it passed through our solar system. It was named Oumuamua, which means “messenger from the distant past reaching out to us” in Hawaiian. Loeb says that its unusual shape and the fact that it sped up as it left our solar system sets it apart from anything else we’ve seen. He thinks it was a probe sent by an alien civilization. Jackie Fairey, says everyone should have reservation about this. She is one of many scientists who say there are more reasonable explanations for Oumuamua. That hasn’t stopped Professor Loeb. He has written a new book on Oumuamua called Extraterrestrial: The First Sign of Intelligent Life Beyond Earth.
49．According to the passage, if there were aliens, they ________.
A．could be similar to humans on the earth
B．must help build the Great Wall
C．would be smarter than humans on the earth
D．have a shorter history than humans
50．Which of the following can be put into the blank ________ in the passage
A．we hasn’t been visited by aliens for we got nothing from the universe
B．we not only have been visited by aliens, but also have evidence
C．no one could be sure about whether the evidence we’ve got is true
D．all of researchers doubt about the fact that we have been visited
51．From the passage, we can infer that ________.
A．there are fewer than 100 billion habitable planets in the universe
B．some aliens did actually, and on the earth in ancient times
C．some governments received information from the oumuamua
D．scientists Leob doesn’t agree with the idea that Fairey holds
52．What’s the best title of the passage
A．Where are all the aliens
B．When will the aliens visit us
C．Oumuamua: Have you ever been here
D．How many habitable planets are there
【答案】49．C 50．B 51．D 52．B
【详解】本文主要对是否有外星人到访过地球进行了猜测，科学家们对此有着不同的观点。
49．推理判断题。由第二段句子“If intelligent life had existed on any of these planets, they would be much more developed than humans.”可知，如果有外星人，它们会比人类发达得多，也就是会比人类更聪明，故选C。
50．推理判断题。由后句“For example, in 2017, a cigar-shaped object came within 33 million km of the earth as it passed through our solar system.”可知，此句应该是说我们被外星人拜访过，而且是有证据的，2017年，一个雪茄形状的物体穿过太阳系时，距离地球不到3300万公里。B项“我们不仅被外星人拜访过，而且还有证据”，符合语境，故选B。
51．推理判断题。由最后一段句子“Jackie Fairey, says everyone should have reservation about this. She is one of many scientists who say there are more reasonable explanations for Oumuamua.”可知，Jackie Fairey认为那个雪茄形状物体不一定是外星人，应该有更合理的解释，所以科学家Leob与她的观点不同，故选D。
52．标题归纳题。本文主要讲述了人类对是否有外星人的猜测，而且有的科学家认为有些不明天体就是外星人到访过地球的证据，但有的科学家并不这样认为，所以最佳标题是“外星人何时拜访我们？”，故选B。
五、人类前进的推动力——发明与创造。
Passage 1
（2023·山东德州·中考真题）
Scientists train AI to read human thoughts
Scientists have created a new tool that can turn people’s thoughts into words. It works by using an AI program called GPT-1 to translate brain activity words. In order to achieve this, scientists did a lot.
First, scientists got everything ready before the tests. They invited some volunteers. Each spent sixteen hours listening to stories in a scanner (扫描仪). They imagined the stories as they heard them, and the scanner recorded their brain activity. GPT-1 made connections between the ideas in the stories and the recordings of the listeners’ brain activity.
Then came the tests. The scientists did them in three different ways.
Test 1
The researchers played a new story. GPT-1 was only given recordings of the volunteers’ brain activity. But the words that GPT-1 predicted (预测) were very similar to the words in the story that they were listening to. The words weren’t exactly the same, but they often carried the same meaning. For example, when a volunteer was listening to a story about a woman who didn't have a driver’s license (驾照), the program came up with this: “She hasn’t even started to learn to drive yet.”
Test 2
The scientists also carried out the test when volunteers imagined their own stories. “It really works at the level of ideas. The ideas are the same but expressed in different words,” says Alexander Huth, one of the scientists behind the study.
Test 3
The researchers showed the volunteers silent movies, with no spoken words at all. GPT-1 could still figure out (算出) the basic ideas.
After the tests, the scientists say that GPT-1 is the first AI program to turn what people are thinking into words without brain surgery (外科手术). The tool isn’t something that can be easily used today, mainly because of the size and the cost of the scanner. In the future, they believe, a similar but cheaper tool could help people who have lost the ability to speak because of an injury or disease.
The scientists say their tool can’t be used to “read people’s minds” without permission (允许). The tool only works if the person wants to share their thoughts.
53．What was the scanner used to do
A．Record brain activity. B．Read the volunteers’ ideas.
C．Catch the ideas of stories. D．Work out the ideas.
54．What was GPT-1 used to do
A．Receive sounds. B．Test the scanner.
C．Produce silent movies. D．Turn recordings of brain activity into words.
55．In which way was information put into volunteers’ brain in Test 3
A．Listening. B．Imagining. C．Watching. D．Reading.
56．Why did scientists do the tests
A．To show how the tool works. B．To prove that the tool works well.
C．To test in which fields the tool can be used. D．To study whose mind can be read.
57．Who could the tool help according to the passage
A．People who can’t speak. B．People who can’t hear.
C．People who can’t read. D．People who can’t drive.
【答案】53．A 54．D 55．C 56．B 57．A
【详解】本文主要介绍了科学家们创造了一种新的工具，可以把人们的思想转化为文字。
53．细节理解题。根据“and the scanner recorded their brain activity.”可知扫描仪记录大脑活动。故选A。
54．细节理解题。根据“It works by using an AI program called GPT-1 to translate brain activity words.”可知GPT-1把大脑活动的记录转化成文字。故选D。
55．细节理解题。根据“The researchers showed the volunteers silent movies, with no spoken words at all.”可知研究人员给志愿者们看了一些无声电影，这些电影没有任何言语，所以是“看”。故选C。
56．推理判断题。根据“In order to achieve this, scientists did a lot.”、“First, scientists got everything ready before the tests.”和“Then came the tests. The scientists did them in three different ways.”可知科学家们创造了一种新的工具，可以把人们的思想转化为文字，所以为了证明这个工具运行良好，所以才做测试，故选B。
57．推理判断题。根据“The researchers showed the volunteers silent movies, with no spoken words at all. GPT-1 could still figure out (算出) the basic ideas.”（研究人员给志愿者们看了一些无声电影，这些电影没有任何言语。GPT-1仍然可以找出基本的思想。）可推断这个工具可以帮助不能说话的人。故选A。
Passage 2
（2023·甘肃白银·中考真题）Pencils and Pens
No one knows who invented pencils or when it happened. A Swiss described a pencil in a book in 1565. He said it was a piece of wood with lead inside it. (Lead is a very heavy, soft, dark gray metal.) Pencils weren’t popular, and people continued to write with pens. They used bird feathers as pens. Then, in 1795, someone started making pencils from graphite (石墨), and they became very popular. One pencil can write 50,000 English words or make a line 55 kilometers long. People wrote with feather pens and then used pens with metal points. They had to dip (蘸) the point into ink after every few letters. Next, someone invented a fountain pen that could hold ink inside it. A fountain pen can write several pages before you have to fill it again. Two Hungarian brothers, Ladislao and Georg Biro, invented the ballpoint pen. English pilots liked the pens. They couldn’t write with fountain pens in airplanes because the ink leaked out. Later, a French company called Bic bought the Biros’ company. Some people call ballpoint pens “Bics.” Australians call them “Biros.” Whatever we call them, we use them every day.
阅读以上材料，根据其内容回答其后各个小题。
58．A ________ described a pencil in 1565.
A．Canadian B．German C．Swiss D．Japanese
59．The first pens were ________.
A．feathers B．stone C．graphite D．wooden
60．One pencil can write ________ English words.
A．1,795 B．50,000 C．55 D．1,943
61．Which of the following is NOT true
A．A fountain pen can hold ink inside it.
B．Ballpoint pen are good for writing in airplanes.
C．Fountain pens may leak ink.
D．Biros’ company bought Bic.
62．What’s the main idea of this passage
A．We use pens and pencils every day.
B．There were many kinds of pens before ballpoint pens.
C．Pens and pencils are very useful inventions.
D．Pens were invented earlier than pencils.
【答案】58．C 59．A 60．B 61．D 62．C
【详解】本文主要介绍了钢笔和铅笔的发展历史。
58．细节理解题。根据“A Swiss described a pencil in a book in 1565”可知，一位瑞士人在1565年的一本书中描述了铅笔，故选C。
59．细节理解题。根据“They used bird feathers as pens”可知，最早是用鸟的羽毛作笔，故选A。
60．细节理解题。根据“One pencil can write 50,000 English words or make a line 55 kilometers long”可知，一支铅笔可以写5万个英语单词，故选B。
61．推理判断题。根据“Later, a French company called Bic bought the Biros’ company.”可知，一家名为Bic的法国公司收购了Biros的公司，D表述错误，故选D。
62．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了钢笔和铅笔这两种发明的发展历史，故选C。
Passage 3
（2022·江苏南通·中考真题）Technology and sustainability(可持续性) are two driving forces in the world today. For the agriculture department, sustainable agriculture technology must be the new trend, and farmers should follow it.
The following sustainable agriculture technologies are necessary.
Smart irrigation
Crops need water—that’s needless to say. However, how they get water is another story.
With smart irrigation technology, water can be put to good use. New irrigation systems with smart technology can report soil moisture(湿度) and temperature in real time. These new technologies help farmers properly take care of crops in a more efficient way. For example, most crops have specific requirements for temperature and moisture. The new irrigation systems can show farmers whether they need to make changes for their crops’ growing environments. In this way, they may help reduce the waste of water.
Drones
Drones’ abilities get them a place on this list. They can do a lot and most importantly, they can make the boring and tiring farm work much easier.
These devices have high-definition cameras that take pictures and videos. Through wireless control, just at home
farmers can fly the drones over the fields and check on crops. If one area of crops isn’t doing well, farmers can quickly record the details and then spray chemicals with the help of the drones.
Data and software
Data is rich in this tech-driven world. Farming and data working together can greatly change the way farmers plant, harvest and water.
As computers gather information, they report it all back to a central system. So when farmers learn in which area crop health needs to improve, they can use water and fertilizer(肥料) more efficiently, causing less waste.
The three technologies are helpful for farmers to save costs, labor and energy. And they can contribute to the final goal of agricultural sustainability—that is to improve the environment. As these new technologies continue to develop, we are sure to have a cleaner environment.
Sustainable agricultural technology is the future—and it will change the game.
63．According to the passage, smart irrigation can ________.
A．make full use of every drop of rain
B．decide crops’ growing environment
C．help farmers water the crops when necessary
D．support the growth and harvest of crops efficiently
64．From “Drones” part, we can learn that ________.
A．drones can help provide water and fertilizer
B．drones help farm work in a more efficient way
C．farmers can fly in their drones to check on crops
D．farmers can record the details about their drones
65．What is the final goal of agricultural sustainability
A．To help us have a better environment. B．To make farmers work more efficiently.
C．To raise the production of crops quickly. D．To reduce farmers’ boring and tiring work.
66．The passage is mainly to ________.
A．think highly of the agriculture department
B．make sustainable agriculture technologies better
C．change farmers’ misunderstanding of agriculture technologies
D．stress the importance of sustainable technologies in agriculture
【答案】63．C 64．B 65．A 66．D
【详解】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了几种必要的可持续农业技术。
63．推理判断题。根据“With smart irrigation technology, water can be put to good use. New irrigation systems with smart technology can report soil moisture(湿度) and temperature in real time. These new technologies help farmers properly take care of crops in a more efficient way.”可知，有了智能灌溉技术，水可以得到很好的利用。具有智能技术的新型灌溉系统可以实时报告土壤湿度和温度。这些新技术帮助农民以更有效的方式妥善照料作物。所以可以必要时帮助农民给庄稼浇水，故选C。
64．推理判断题。根据“These devices have high-definition cameras that take pictures and videos. Through wireless control, just at home farmers can fly the drones over the fields and check on crops. If one area of crops isn’t doing well, farmers can quickly record the details and then spray chemicals with the help of the drones.”可知，这些设备有高清摄像头，可以拍照和视频。通过无线控制，农民在家里就可以让无人机飞越农田，查看农作物。如果某一地区的农作物长得不好，农民们可以迅速记录下细节，然后在无人机的帮助下喷洒化学品。所以“无人机以更有效的方式帮助农活”表述正确，故选B。
65．细节理解题。根据“And they can contribute to the final goal of agricultural sustainability—that is to improve the environment.”可知，农业可持续发展的最终目标是改善环境，故选A。
66．主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了几种必要的可持续农业技术，是为了强调可持续农业技术的重要性，故选D。
Passage 4
（2022·辽宁丹东·中考真题）In the past ten years, great progress has been made in technology. It seems like everything has been greatly improved. But there is one thing unlike them. It was invented over 100 years ago but remained unchanged until now. I’m talking about a blind walking stick.
The white stick has been used by many blind people for a long time. However, it hasn’t really been improved, until a blind engineer named Kursat decided to do something to change that. He hoped his invention would help the blind.
He invented a smart stick called the WeWalk. The smart stick uses built-in speakers and different sensors (传感) to warn about possible dangers. It helps blind people in navigating (航行) around their environment. It makes their travel much easier. The stick is priced at around $500. It is less than half the price of most smart phones. Most people can afford it. This invention is going to change life a lot for the blind.
Kursat well understands the difficulties that the blind face. That’s because he is blind himself. He decided to put his knowledge of technology into inventing something. It would not only change his life, but also the life of many others.
“In these days, we are talking about flying cars. But the blind have been using just a simple stick. As a bind person, when I am at the bus stop, I don’t know which bus is coming or which stores are around me. Now, that kind of
information can be provided by the WeWalk,” he said, “I believe life of the blind will be much easier and safer.”
67．Kursat invented the WeWalk to ______.
A．become an engineer B．help the blind
C．change everything D．open a store
68．What’s the third paragraph mainly about
A．The name of the smart stick. B．The reason for inventing the WeWalk.
C．The introduction of the WeWalk. D．The future of the WeWalk.
69．Which words can we use to describe Kursat
A．Creative and caring. B．Smart and thankful.
C．Healthy and lucky. D．Rich and outgoing.
70．Which one is Kursat’s idea
A．Flying cars are more important than the WeWalk.
B．The blind shouldn’t take the bus.
C．With the WeWalk, the blind can find their way more easily.
D．The WeWalk can solve all the problems for the blind.
71．Where may this text be taken from
A．A magazine about cars. B．A magazine about health.
C．A magazine about teaching. D．A magazine about science.
【答案】67．B 68．C 69．A 70．C 71．D
【详解】本文介绍Kursat的新发明WeWalk，它可以让盲人更便捷的生活。
67．细节理解题。根据“However, it hasn’t really been improved, until a blind engineer named Kursat decided to do something to change that. He hoped his invention would help the blind.”可知Kursat发明WeWalk是希望能够帮助盲人。故选B。
68．段落大意题。根据“ The smart stick uses built-in speakers and different sensors(传感)to warn about possible dangers. It helps blind people in navigating(航行)around their environment.”可知本段主要介绍新发明WeWalk的用途和价格。故选C。
69．推理判断题。根据“He invented a smart stick called the WeWalk. ”和“Kursat well understands the difficulties that the blind face.”可知Kursat发明了WeWalk说明他很有创造力，而且他关心盲人。故选A。
70．细节理解题。根据“As a bind person, when I am at the bus stop, I don’t know which bus is coming or which stores are around me. Now, that kind of information can be provided by the WeWalk,”可知有了WeWalk盲人能够更容易找到路。
故选C。
71．推理判断题。根据“He invented a smart stick called the WeWalk. The smart stick uses built-in speakers and different sensors(传感)to warn about possible dangers.”可知本文介绍了一项发明，最有可能出现在科学的杂志。故选D。
六、大数据下的现代生活。
Passage 1
（2023·福建泉州·三模）You may feel that math is hard and boring. Is it possible that you’ve been looking at math in the wrong way With International Day of Mathematics coming on March 14, we interviewed Li Xing a math professor at Ning Xia University. We asked if math can be beautiful and fun. Here’s what Li said.
Numbers are beautiful
Many people today want to have beautiful looks. But there is math hidden in beautiful human bodies. Measure the length from your head to your belly button (肚脐眼) and from your belly button to your feet. The ratio (比例) of these two numbers is always around 0.618. This is the golden ratio, which can be seen everywhere, like in nature, music and paintings.
In Chinese poems, we can also see the beauty of numbers. As Li Bai wrote, “I’ve sailed a thousand miles through Gorges in a day”, “My boat has left ten thousand mountains far away”. “A thousand miles in one day”, “ten thousand mountains”—all these numbers show how fast Li Bai traveled and how happy he felt. Numbers give us the freedom to imagine.
Curves are beautiful
Sine curves (正弦曲线) are beautiful. They go towards the two opposite directions on and on without ever ending. When you look at them, you may feel like standing by the sea and watching the waves slowly moving. The tangent curve (正切曲线) is like a waterfall. That’s really “dashing down three thousand feet from on high”. If you do a math problem and get that curve, you’ll feel amazing!
Formulas(公式) are beautiful
In a right-angled triangle, the square of the longest side is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides, neither more nor less. How neat! Just as Chinese—American mathematician Chern Shingshen said, “Math is fun!”
72．If the ratio of two numbers is around 0.618, ________.
A．it may show us a golden color
B．it will look like a human body
C．it might bring people a sense of beauty
D．it is as long as the length from a man’s belly button to his feet
73．From the poem of Li Bai in this text, we can know that _______.
A．Li Bai was good at counting numbers
B．Li Bai used numbers to show his feelings
C．Li Bai succeeded in solving math problems
D．Li Bai loved traveling by boat along the river
74．What does a waterfall usually look like in a math way ________
A． B． C． D．
75．What does the underlined word “equal” mean in Chinese ________
A．等同的 B．整体的 C．类似的 D．平均的
76．What is the text mainly about ________
A．The life of a math professor.
B．The International Day of Mathematics.
C．Why math is beautiful and fun.
D．How math helps us live a better life.
【答案】72．C 73．B 74．C 75．A 76．C
【详解】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数学的美和趣味性，呼吁人们改变对数学的看法，更全面地认识它。
72．细节理解题。根据“The ratio (比例) of these two numbers is always around 0.618...music and paintings.”可知，这两个数字之间的比例总是在0.618左右，这是黄金比例，比如在大自然、音乐和绘画中随处可见。所以物体比例
约为0.618时，选项C“它可以给人们带来美感”符合题意。故选C。
73．细节理解题。根据“all these numbers show how fast Li Bai traveled and how happy he felt. Numbers give us the freedom to imagine.”可知，所有的这些数字都说明李白旅行速度快，心情很愉悦，数字给了我们自由的想象。选项B“李白用数字来表达他的感情”符合题意。故选B。
74．细节理解题。根据“The tangent curve is like a waterfall...on high”可知，正切曲线就像一个瀑布，那真是从3000英尺高的地方落下来。选项C图形显示从高到低直接落下，符合题意。故选C。
75．词义猜测题。根据“the square of the longest side is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides, neither more nor less”可知，最长边的平方……其他两边的平方和，既不多也不少。所以设空处表示“等于”。故选A。
76．主旨大意题。根据“With International Day of Mathematics coming on March 14...what Li said”可知，在3月14日国际数学日到来之际，我们采访了宁夏大学的教授李星，我们问数学是否可以是美丽和有趣的问题，他是这么说的。所以全文主要介绍了数学的美和趣味性。故选C。
Passage 2
（2023·浙江湖州·三模）Have you ever noticed that a number is so amazing Do you want to get some magic power from a number Just take a look and see what it is.
The digits (位) of multiples (倍数) of 9 always finally add up to 9: No matter how large the number, just keep adding the digits of the answer together, and finally you’ll get 9! Nines can make you look like a calculator Just prepare a piece of paper and a pen. Let’s play a number trick now! Draw 4 rows of 5 spaces each, like this: Ask a friend to fill in the first and third rows with any numbers. (This will work no matter what numbers your friend writes in the first and third rows.) So your friend might write: Below each number, write the number that will add up to 9!
The trick You will quickly complete the sum (总数) that has the answer 199.998.
77．From the text, the digits of multiples of 9 always finally add up to ________.
A．4 B．5 C．8 D．9
78．We can learn from the text that ________ while playing the number trick.
A．it’s necessary to prepare a calculator
B．the friend can write in the first and second rows
C．the friend can only write down the same number
D．it’s important to write the number that will add up to 9
79．The text is mainly about the ________ of the number 9.
A．magic power B．different meanings C．fun history D．interesting stories
【答案】77．D 78．D 79．A
【详解】本文主要介绍了数字9的魔力。
77．细节理解题。根据“The digits of multiples of 9 always finally add up to 9”可知9的倍数的数字最后加起来总是9。故选D。
78．推理判断题。根据“Below each number, write the number that will add up to 9!The trick You will quickly complete the sum that has the answer 199.998.”可知在每个数字下面，写下加起来等于9的数字，这样你将很快完成答案为199.998的和。由此推出在玩这个数字游戏时，写出加起来等于9的数字是很重要的。故选D。
79．主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍了数字9的魔力。故选A。
Passage 3
（2023·宁夏吴忠·一模）Many of us may have experienced the pleasant moment of seeing recommended (推荐) songs after we listen to some songs on a music app. When we open shopping websites, we often see things we want to buy on the home page. The businessman can decide which is the best place to build a new entrance in a big supermarket in the city center. If you want to take a taxi on a taxi app, it can even guess where you want to g2024年中考英语二轮复习提升训练-阅读：科普知识与科学技术
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
考点目录
一、发明创造的先锋：科学幻想。
二、阅读单选之科普知识。
三、阅读单选之科学技术。
四、阅读单选之科学精神。
五、人类前进的推动力——发明与创造。
六、大数据下的现代生活。
七、青少年的双刃剑：网络的利与弊。
八、经典考点：信息技术。
九、大数据下的信息安全。
一、发明创造的先锋：科学幻想。
Passage 1
（2023·重庆铜梁·二模）
The sun sets on a field in southern England. When it rises again the following morning, that field has become a huge work of art. A large part of the crop has been pressed into a pattern of circles, squares and other shapes.
Farmers have reported finding strange circles in their fields for centuries. The earliest mention of a crop circle dates back to the 1500s. A woodcut（木版画）from the time showed a “mowing devil” making a crop circle. Crop circles, however, didn’t get attention until 1980, when a farmer in England, discovered three circles, each about 18 meters across, in his field. The world first began to learn about crop circles.
By the 1990s, crop circles had become something of a tourist attraction. In 1990 alone, more than 500 circles appeared in Europe. Within the next few years, there were thousands.
Crop circles can be in many different shapes. Most early crop circles were simple circular designs. But after 1990, the circles changed. Crops can be made to look like just about anything—smiling faces, flowers of even words.
People have long been wondering who or what is creating these crop circles. Possibly the most widely known idea is that crop circles are the work of visitors from other planets. Those who agree with the idea say the circles are either the
mark left by landing spacecraft or messages brought from afar for us.
Probably the most scientific opinion says that crop circles are created by vortices（漩涡）. They force the air down to the ground, which presses the crops down. Dr. Terence Meaden, an expert in this field, says when the dust gets caught up in a vortex, it can appear to glow, which may explain the UFO—like glowing lights many people have seen. But no one can explain how the air can create such perfect shaped crop circles in just a few seconds.
1．The writer introduce the topic by ______.
A．telling a story B．asking a question
C．giving a comparison D．describing a scene
2．The right order of the statements may be ______.
a.More than 500 circles appeared in Europe.
b.The world first began to learn about crop circles.
c.Farmers reported finding strange circles in their field.
d.The circles changed into anything—smiling faces, flowers or words.
A．a-b-c-d B．b-c-a-d C．c-b-a-d D．c-d-a-b
3．The structure of the passage is ______.
A． B．
C． D．
4．The best title of the passage probably is ______.
A．Farmers and Strange Circles B．Different Shapes of Crop Circles
C．Creators of Crop Circles D．The Mystery of Crop Circles
Passage 2
（2023·广东揭阳·二模）Smartphones are getting boring. The new models are either a bit faster or have nicer cameras, but they are basically no different from the ones already in our pockets. This is why scientists are hoping, and working for something new, something that will change our lives just as greatly as smartphones do. At the moment, the next invention might be smart glasses.
Just imagine. Instead of having to pick up your phone and look at the screen, all of the information you need simply appears just in front of you, in your glasses. Satellite navigation directions would appear right there on the road. And your smart glasses could guide you to the right shelf in the supermarket!
Smart glasses could also be used in industry. They could show engineers the instructions they need to fix things more quickly. A doctor could carry out a huge operation, guided in real time by someone on the other side of the world.
This may not happen. But most of the technologies to invent them are already there. For example, one key technology is called AR, which can make digital 3D objects appear as if they are part of the real world. We’ve used it a lot on our video call. Similarly, huge progress has been made in spatial audio（空间音频）. This is when a sound is made to give it a sense of place, like what you hear in an empty room. Some high-end earphones can already do that. Future glasses will of course need to recognize your voice to do tasks. This technology has been widely used in our daily life.
So, why aren’t we all wearing smart glasses yet So far, no one has invented a good way to send images（影像）of our world onto glasses. However, with the rapid development of technology, smart glasses could arrive much sooner than we think.
5．According to the passage, what might be the new invention that will change our life
A．Smartphones. B．Cameras. C．Pockets. D．Smart glasses.
6．What are Paragraphs 2 and 3 mainly about
A．Where smart glasses could be used. B．When smart glasses might be made.
C．Why smart glasses should be changed. D．How smart glasses would give directions.
7．What do the underlined words “Satellite navigation” in paragraph 2 mean
A．VIP. B．DIY. C．GPS. D．UFO.
8．How might the writer feel about the future of smart glasses
A．Bored. B．Uncertain. C．Satisfied. D．Confident.
9．Which can be the best title for the passage
A．Different Ways to Use Smartphones
B．Smart Glasses will be Used in Industry.
C．Smart Glasses will Greatly Change our Lives.
D．Why can’t We Wear Smart Glasses at Present
Passage 3
（2023·浙江杭州·二模）Me: Hello, Television Viewers! I am Aziza Bellamy, and thanks for watching. I want to especially thank you. Ms. Bertha, for agreeing to this interview on live television. It’s a pleasure to meet you, the first-known visitor from outer space to Earth. Now, I understand that you are from a planet called Zademol
Bertha: Just call me Miss Bertha or Bertha, please, but not “Ms”.
Me: Okay, sorry about that. So, you’ve been on Earth for about a week now. What have been your biggest disappointments or challenges so far
Bertha: It’s not the worst planet I’ve ever been to. Mercury was much worse. The family I’m staying with, for example, were nice at first. But now they roll their eyes whenever I open my mouth to say anything. They’re not interested in any of my stories. And I think they may be trying to avoid me. Worst of all, they make me wash my own dishes and bathe myself. They’re so rude.
Me: Oh, um… wow. That’s just.
Bertha: I am used to having high standards when I choose where to stay, by the way. I have stayed with presidents on other planets. And they all admired me and begged me not to leave. But I gave this human family a chance to host me. I mean really, they should be grateful that I chose them, of all the people on Earth, to wash my clothes and cook my meals and treat me.
Me: Well, what you’re saying is surprising, Bertha. Do you think it’s possible that this family just wants you to pitch in(投入) a little to be a good guest
Bertha: It’s strange to me that you’re not agreeing with me. If you were smarter, you’d agree with me. Everyone on Zadermol is smarter than the smartest person on Earth. Earth is below me.
Me: You know what, Bertha I’m starting to see why you’re so unhappy here on Earth. You’re just a boastful alien.
10．Who is hosting the interview
A．Aziza Bellamy B．Bertha
C．A visitor from outer space. D．A president.
11．From the passage, we know that Aziza is ________.
A．proud of Bertha B．interested in Zademol
C．dissatisfied with Bertha D．scared of Bertha’s words
12．What might Aziza write in his diary about the interview
A．Talking to Bertha was great fun. I now know much about Zademol.
B．We should try to improve our earth as Bertha’s hometown is much better.
C．The interview was interesting. But I dislike the family Bertha is staying with
D．It was an unusual interview, and an unexpected experience as well.
13．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．Bertha is never going back to the earth again.
B．The host family will like Bertha’s stories later on.
C．There have been many aliens visiting the earth before Bertha.
D．Bertha has few friends because of his boast.
Passage 4
（2023·浙江丽水·一模）UK Daily Mall has recently collected ideas from scientists of what aliens(外星人) could really look like. Many scientists believe that their appearances have very close relationship with the natural environment. Let’s check out their alien ideas.
Insects with wide wingsFor worlds with a low-density atmosphere(低密度大气), life forms may have huge wings to fly. Crab-like creaturesScientists imagine that there might be sea creatures such as crabs(螃蟹) in underground oceans.
Tiny creaturesIt is possible that there are simple single-celled(单细胞的)creatures that can’t be seen by human eyes. Animals with long legsOn a planet smaller than Earth, there may be tall aliens because of the force of weaker gravity(重力) .
Short and strong aliens Creatures on a planet which is heavier and has stronger gravity than Earth maybe shorter and stronger than humans. Human-like aliensCreatures can look similar to humans if they live in conditions like Earth, both in terms of gravity, atmosphere and temperature.
14．Aliens maybe shorter and stronger than humans because of the ________.
A．low atmosphere B．heavier gravity
C．condition like Earth D．different temperatures
15．According to the text, tall aliens may ________.
A．live on a smaller planet B．look similar to humans
C．be much taller than humans D．also have long arms
16．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Creatures in the World B．Humans in the Future
C．Aliens in Scientists’ Minds D．Sea Animals in Oceans
二、阅读单选之科普知识。
Passage 1
（2023·湖北黄石·中考真题）根据短文内容，选出适当的句子补全短文，使短文意思通顺，内容完整。
Imagine this: you sit down and begin to eat a tasty tomato when, suddenly, it starts to scream (尖叫)! This thing will never really happen. 17
Researchers did the study. They used ultrasonic microphones (超声波麦克风) to record the sounds of tomato plants in boxes.
18 : one group wasn’t watered for five days, another group had the stems (茎) cut off and the third group was untouched. It turned out that the first two groups made sounds 30 to 50 times per hour at a frequency (频率) of 40 to 80 kilohertz, while the untouched group only made the sound once per hour. When tomatoes are not stressed at all, they are very quiet.
19 , but they believe the noise comes from the breaking of air bubbles (气泡) in the plants. This means the noise produced by the plants is not intentional (故意的) or a form of active communication.
There is no evidence (证据) that plants can intentionally communicate. 20 . For example, the sound can tell a moth (蛾子) that the plant is under stress and not suitable to lay eggs on. An animal that wants to eat a plant could also use the sounds to make decisions, according to Science Focus.
After the experiment, the researchers listened to other plants such as wheat (小麦) and corn, and found that they also made more sounds when stressed. 21 , as they can better take care of the crops (庄稼) by “hearing” how plants feel.
A．Three groups of plants were listened to
B．The researchers don’t know how the sounds are made
C．Researchers said the study can benefit farmers in the future
D．But animals and insects may be “listening in” to benefit from the sound
E．But a new study showed that plants can make sounds when they are stressed
Passage 2
（2023·江苏常州·中考真题）Scientists who study happiness have evidence (证据) to show that being kind to others can result in happiness. Acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can lift a person’s mood, for example. Everyday life is full of chances for such actions, yet people do not always make the most of them.
In studies, behavioral scientist Nicholas Epley and I examined a possible explanation: people who do kind acts underestimate (低估) how much the ones receiving kindness value their behavior.
In the experiments (实验), about 1, 000 people were asked to do some actions to make someone else feel good. We asked both the person performing (执行) the kind act and the one receiving it to answer some questions. The performers were asked to report their own experience and to guess how the receivers might feel. We wanted to understand how valuable people considered these acts to be, so both the performer and receiver had to rate (评分) how “big” the act seemed. In all cases, we compared the performer’s expectations of the receiver’s mood with the receiver’s actual (实际的) experience.
For one, both performers and receivers experienced more positive (积极的) moods. For another, the receivers felt much better than the kind performers expected. The receivers also rated these acts as “bigger” than the people performing them did.
At first, we studied acts of the kindness done for familiar people, such as friends, classmates or family. But we found that performers underestimated their positive influences on strangers as well. In one experiment, performers in a public park gave away hot chocolate on a cold winter’s day to people that just happened to be nearby. Again, the kind act brought more happiness than the performers expected.
These findings suggest that what might seem small could matter a great deal to the person we do it for. Considering these warm actions can improve our own mood and brighten the day of another person, why not choose kindness when we can
22．What did the receivers do in the experiments
A．They showed kindness to others.
B．They guessed the performers’ feelings.
C．They rated how valuable the performers’ act of kindness was.
D．They compared the performers’ expectations with their actual results.
23．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Different purposes of the research. B．More evidence for the research results.
C．Possible influences of the research findings. D．Another explanation of the research methods.
24．What is the writer’s attitude (态度) towards showing kindness to others
A．Supportive. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Uninterested.
25．What is the main idea of this article
A．Being kind can reduce one’s happiness as expected.
B．Kindness can have unexpectedly positive influences.
C．Choosing kindness is more difficult than expected.
D．Showing kindness is more valuable than receiving it.
Passage 3
（2023·山东济南·中考真题）Warming temperatures and shorter winters might sound like the end of snow days. However, rising temperatures may actually cause snowstorms to dump more snow, says David Robinson. He is a professor at a university in New Jersey. He studies climate (气候) change.
Temperature change is one of the greatest in Earth’s climate change over a long period of time. It can happen naturally or because of human activities, such as burning gas and coal. Burning these fuels produces carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and other pollutants into the atmosphere, which hold heat in the atmosphere, leading to warmer global temperatures over time.
But how could warmer temperatures lead to more snow To get snow, you need moisture (水汽) and freezing temperatures (0℃ or less), says Robinson. Without moisture in the air, there is no precipitation (rain or snow). Robinson says there are signs that snowstorms are becoming stronger. This is because of this connection between moisture and
precipitation.
“The warmer the air becomes, the more moisture it holds. So, if it’s warming and still cold enough to snow, you can get more snow,” Robinson says.
Of the 10 biggest snowfalls in D．C． region, five happened in the past 25 years, according to the NWS. During that same time period, average winter temperatures in D．C． increased. In 1996, the average winter temperature was 1.8℃. In 2020, it was 6℃.
Weather experts suggest that rising temperatures may make winter shorter and less cold. But for now, the snow is still falling. One day, winter might not have any days below the freezing temperature. Once temperatures stay above freezing, snowstorms become rain. Until then, we might continue to see strong storms.
According to Robinson, that time could come sooner than we think. He says, “When we look back, years from now, we may see that this was the breaking point.”
26．What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A．How Earth’s climate changes. B．What causes rising temperatures.
C．What produces carbon dioxide. D．How pollution influences climate.
27．What will the warming temperatures cause according to the text
A．Less coal. B．Drier weather.
C．Longer winters. D．Stronger snowstorms.
28．What is the purpose of paragraph 5
A．To introduce D．C．
B．To report the biggest 10 snowstorms.
C．To support Robinson’s ideas.
D．To show the increase of temperatures.
29．What does Robinson think of the future warming temperatures
A．Impossible. B．Serious. C．Meaningless. D．Amazing.
30．Where is the text probably taken from
A．A science magazine. B．A story book.
C．A science fiction. D．A travel guide.
三、阅读单选之科学技术。
Passage 1
（2023·宁夏·中考真题）Imagine a tiny robot crawling（爬）through your body, helping doctors with their work. It’s not from a science novel. Doctors are now using robots to do operations（手术）. This is because robots can do some work that doctors can’t. The robots carry small cameras, which allow doctors to look inside patients’ bodies. The robots also have tiny scissors and other tools. “It’s like having little hands inside the patients,” said Dr. Wang from a hospital in Beijing.
Here’s how they work: The doctor makes a small cut in a patient. Then, the doctor puts the robot through the cut. Next, the doctor controls the robot to reach where it needs to go. Finally, with the help of the robot, the doctor looks inside the patient’s body and begins to work.
The robots have many advantages for doctors and patients. They help cut medical costs and make difficult operations quicker and easier. They allow doctors to operate with less damage（伤害）to patients’ bodies, too. This helps them to heal（治愈）faster.
However, the robots aren’t perfect. They can be expensive. What’s more, they are just tools to help humans, and they must be used by skilled doctors. Even the best robots can’t do everything that humans can do.
Scientists are working to make robots, smarter. Someday, robots may do even more than expected for humans.
31．The robots carry ________ to help doctors look inside patients’ bodies.
A．small cameras B．little hands C．common tools D．tiny scissors
32．In what order does the doctor do operations with the help of the robot
a. Look inside the patient’s body and begin to work.
b. Control the robot to reach where it needs to go.
c. Put the robot into the patient’s body through the cut.
d. Make a small cut.
A．d→b→c→a B．d→c→a→b C．d→a→c→b D．d→c→b→a
33．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The size of the robots.
B．The future of the robots.
C．The costs of the robots.
D．The advantages of the robots.
34．What may be the best title for the passage
A．Doctors Cut Medical Costs
B．Scientists Make Robots Smarter
C．Robots Help Doctors with Operations
D．Patients Do More than Expected
Passage 2
（2023·湖南娄底·中考真题）Nowadays, it seems that we cannot live without technology. We learn, work and relax by using phones, computers, iPads, AI robots and so on. Now, let’s see what’s going on in Julie’s life.
Julie usually wakes up at the ring of a mobile phone. Then, she eats her breakfast to a video on the phone. When she gets to her company, she deals with the business on the computer. And she often downloads（下载）and stores things that she needs on her iPad. When she needs something, she can just turn on the iPad and search for it. She carries the iPad wherever she is on business because it’s light. When she is at home in the evening, she sometimes uses ChatGPT, a smart AI chat robot, to write her projects. She only needs to type in some key words and then she can get some ideas in a second. It can make her use less time to do more things. In the late evening, she always falls asleep at the soft music from Xiaodu.
Julie lives with technology, and so do we. However, technology brings us some problems at the same time. Staring at screens too much is bad for our eyes. Many of us are near-sighted（近视的）or have other eye problems. AI is making some of us unwilling to think and explore on our own. We may copy ideas from AI robots. We may even like chatting in the virtual（虚拟的）world better because of so many chat robots.
So, I think that technology is a double-sided sword（双刃剑）. We should use technology correctly and wisely to make our life easy, colorful and convenient.
35．What does Julie probably do
A．She is a student. B．She is a writer. C．She is a manager.
36．What does Julie carry when she is on business
A．A computer. B．An iPad. C．An AI robot.
37．How does the writer develop Paragraph 2
A．By giving examples. B．By providing reasons. C．By expressing opinions.
38．What can we infer（推断）from the passage
A．ChatGPT is a smart AI chat robot.
B．AI robots will take the place of us one day.
C．People may communicate less with each other in real life.
39．What’s the best title of the passage
A．How Does Julie Spend Her Day
B．How Does Technology Help Us
C．How Does Technology Influence Our Life
Passage 3
（2024·安徽·一模）Sitting in the garden, Newton watched an apple fall from a tree. He began to wonder if the same force that pulled the apple down also kept the moon-circling the earth. Newton believed it did. He called it “gravity (重力)”.
This story has become one of the most popular examples of “eureka” moments. But when we cheer for the great discovery, the whole process of creative thinking shouldn’t be forgotten.
Newton studied mathematics for long to have a better understanding of the world. He always enjoyed finding new ways to solve problems. The falling apple was only the fruit of years of hard work before. It also started the train of thought that continued for the next twenty years.
Newton began to examine “gravity” carefully. He experimented. Then he studied the results and used what he had learned to do new experiments. In 1687, the greatest scientific work ever written came out.
The whole process of creative thinking works the same in our life. In school, we prepare ourselves for the right moment. Once the moment comes, we catch it and then keep on working in the years to come. It takes much to get the fruits of creative thinking, but the sweetest fruits will be ready for those who wait the longest.
40．What does the underlined word “eureka” mean ________
A．I’ve got it. B．I give up. C．I’ve no idea. D．I believe it.
41．What’s the correct order of Newton’s story ________
a. He caught the right moment.
b. He did experiments over and over.
c. He saw an apple fall from a tree.
d. He studied mathematics for long.
A．a-c-d-b B．b-a-c-d C．a-b-c-d D．d-c-a-b
42．What does the writer want to tell us ________
A．Creative thinking is a short moment.
B．Pleasure comes from a great discovery.
C．A great discovery happens suddenly.
D．Success goes to those who work and wait.
43．How does the writer develop his idea in this passage ________
A．By raising questions.
B．By giving examples.
C．By listing numbers.
D．By explaining differences.
四、阅读单选之科学精神。
Passage 1
（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）Ten years ago, I set out to study luck. I wanted to know why some people are always in the right place at the right time, while others always experience ill luck.
Many people volunteered for my research. Over the years I interviewed them, watched their lives and had them take part in my experiments (实验).
I carried out a simple experiment to discover why there were differences in their ability to spot (发现) opportunities. I gave both lucky and unlucky people a newspaper and asked them to look through it and tell me how many photos were inside.
I had secretly placed a large message halfway through the newspaper saying, “Tell the researcher you have seen this and win $50.” This message took up half of the page and was more than two inches (英尺) high. It was staring everyone straight in the face, but unlucky people tended to (倾向) miss it and lucky people tended to spot it.
Unlucky people are just more nervous than lucky people. They are busy looking only for what they need and this stops them from noticing the unexpected. As a result, they miss out on opportunities.
Lucky people tend to be more relaxed and open. They can see everything that is in front of them, rather than just what they are looking for.
My research shows that lucky people live by several principles (原则). Here are some of these principles: Listen to your gut instincts (直觉) —they are often right. Be open to new experiences and break your normal thought patterns. Spend a few moments each day remembering things that went well. See yourself being lucky before an important meeting or phone call.
根据短文内容选择正确答案。
44．Why did the writer carry out this research
A．To prove that luck is actually a matter of chance.
B．To study why some people are always lucky or unlucky.
C．To help people become luckier through experiments.
45．What does the underlined word “opportunities” in the passage mean
A．Choices. B．Chances. C．Changes
46．Which action would decide if the volunteer was lucky or unlucky
A．Counting the number of photos in the newspaper.
B．Correcting the exact height of the large message.
C．Finding a hidden message about winning $50 in the newspaper.
47．Why do unlucky people often miss opportunities, according to the research
A．They pay great attention to what they need.
B．They are always busy looking for good luck.
C．They care more about unexpected things.
48．Which of the following will NOT help you become a lucky person
A．Listening to your gut instincts.
B．Thinking in a normal way.
C．Imagining yourself being lucky.
Passage 2
（2022·浙江温州·二模）
Our Milky Way Galaxy may be home to 2 billion planets that have the right conditions to support life. These planets have the correct temperature for liquid water. While no one knows what alien life would look like, if it is anything like life on earth, it would need water to keep alive. According to the research, there are nearly 2 billion habitable planets in the Milky Way Galaxy, which is just one of 100 to 200 billion galaxies in the universe.
The earth was formed 9 billion years after the Big Bang. Many of the planets in the Milky Way were formed millions and some even billions of years before the earth. If intelligent life had existed on any of these planets, they would be much more developed than humans. With that much time to develop the technology for space travel, we should
have been visited by aliens many times.
So where is everyone Some people believe that aliens have visited earth many times, and some governments of the world might have known very well. some believe that we have also been visited many times in the ancient past. They point to the Egyptian pyramids or the huge heads of Easter Island. They say that there was no way that ancient humans were able to create these structures without alien assistance.
According to Harvard professor Avi Loeb, . For example, in 2017, a cigar-shaped object came within 33 million km of the earth as it passed through our solar system. It was named Oumuamua, which means “messenger from the distant past reaching out to us” in Hawaiian. Loeb says that its unusual shape and the fact that it sped up as it left our solar system sets it apart from anything else we’ve seen. He thinks it was a probe sent by an alien civilization. Jackie Fairey, says everyone should have reservation about this. She is one of many scientists who say there are more reasonable explanations for Oumuamua. That hasn’t stopped Professor Loeb. He has written a new book on Oumuamua called Extraterrestrial: The First Sign of Intelligent Life Beyond Earth.
49．According to the passage, if there were aliens, they ________.
A．could be similar to humans on the earth
B．must help build the Great Wall
C．would be smarter than humans on the earth
D．have a shorter history than humans
50．Which of the following can be put into the blank ________ in the passage
A．we hasn’t been visited by aliens for we got nothing from the universe
B．we not only have been visited by aliens, but also have evidence
C．no one could be sure about whether the evidence we’ve got is true
D．all of researchers doubt about the fact that we have been visited
51．From the passage, we can infer that ________.
A．there are fewer than 100 billion habitable planets in the universe
B．some aliens did actually, and on the earth in ancient times
C．some governments received information from the oumuamua
D．scientists Leob doesn’t agree with the idea that Fairey holds
52．What’s the best title of the passage
A．Where are all the aliens
B．When will the aliens visit us
C．Oumuamua: Have you ever been here
D．How many habitable planets are there
五、人类前进的推动力——发明与创造。
Passage 1
（2023·山东德州·中考真题）
Scientists train AI to read human thoughts
Scientists have created a new tool that can turn people’s thoughts into words. It works by using an AI program called GPT-1 to translate brain activity words. In order to achieve this, scientists did a lot.
First, scientists got everything ready before the tests. They invited some volunteers. Each spent sixteen hours listening to stories in a scanner (扫描仪). They imagined the stories as they heard them, and the scanner recorded their brain activity. GPT-1 made connections between the ideas in the stories and the recordings of the listeners’ brain activity.
Then came the tests. The scientists did them in three different ways.
Test 1
The researchers played a new story. GPT-1 was only given recordings of the volunteers’ brain activity. But the words that GPT-1 predicted (预测) were very similar to the words in the story that they were listening to. The words weren’t exactly the same, but they often carried the same meaning. For example, when a volunteer was listening to a story about a woman who didn't have a driver’s license (驾照), the program came up with this: “She hasn’t even started to learn to drive yet.”
Test 2
The scientists also carried out the test when volunteers imagined their own stories. “It really works at the level of ideas. The ideas are the same but expressed in different words,” says Alexander Huth, one of the scientists behind the study.
Test 3
The researchers showed the volunteers silent movies, with no spoken words at all. GPT-1 could still figure out (算出) the basic ideas.
After the tests, the scientists say that GPT-1 is the first AI program to turn what people are thinking into words without brain surgery (外科手术). The tool isn’t something that can be easily used today, mainly because of the size and
the cost of the scanner. In the future, they believe, a similar but cheaper tool could help people who have lost the ability to speak because of an injury or disease.
The scientists say their tool can’t be used to “read people’s minds” without permission (允许). The tool only works if the person wants to share their thoughts.
53．What was the scanner used to do
A．Record brain activity. B．Read the volunteers’ ideas.
C．Catch the ideas of stories. D．Work out the ideas.
54．What was GPT-1 used to do
A．Receive sounds. B．Test the scanner.
C．Produce silent movies. D．Turn recordings of brain activity into words.
55．In which way was information put into volunteers’ brain in Test 3
A．Listening. B．Imagining. C．Watching. D．Reading.
56．Why did scientists do the tests
A．To show how the tool works. B．To prove that the tool works well.
C．To test in which fields the tool can be used. D．To study whose mind can be read.
57．Who could the tool help according to the passage
A．People who can’t speak. B．People who can’t hear.
C．People who can’t read. D．People who can’t drive.
Passage 2
（2023·甘肃白银·中考真题）Pencils and Pens
No one knows who invented pencils or when it happened. A Swiss described a pencil in a book in 1565. He said it was a piece of wood with lead inside it. (Lead is a very heavy, soft, dark gray metal.) Pencils weren’t popular, and people continued to write with pens. They used bird feathers as pens. Then, in 1795, someone started making pencils from graphite (石墨), and they became very popular. One pencil can write 50,000 English words or make a line 55 kilometers long. People wrote with feather pens and then used pens with metal points. They had to dip (蘸) the point into ink after every few letters. Next, someone invented a fountain pen that could hold ink inside it. A fountain pen can write several pages before you have to fill it again. Two Hungarian brothers, Ladislao and Georg Biro, invented the ballpoint pen. English pilots liked the pens. They couldn’t write with fountain pens in airplanes because the ink leaked out. Later, a French company called Bic bought the Biros’ company. Some people call ballpoint pens “Bics.” Australians call them “Biros.” Whatever we call them, we use them every day.
阅读以上材料，根据其内容回答其后各个小题。
58．A ________ described a pencil in 1565.
A．Canadian B．German C．Swiss D．Japanese
59．The first pens were ________.
A．feathers B．stone C．graphite D．wooden
60．One pencil can write ________ English words.
A．1,795 B．50,000 C．55 D．1,943
61．Which of the following is NOT true
A．A fountain pen can hold ink inside it.
B．Ballpoint pen are good for writing in airplanes.
C．Fountain pens may leak ink.
D．Biros’ company bought Bic.
62．What’s the main idea of this passage
A．We use pens and pencils every day.
B．There were many kinds of pens before ballpoint pens.
C．Pens and pencils are very useful inventions.
D．Pens were invented earlier than pencils.
Passage 3
（2022·江苏南通·中考真题）Technology and sustainability(可持续性) are two driving forces in the world today. For the agriculture department, sustainable agriculture technology must be the new trend, and farmers should follow it.
The following sustainable agriculture technologies are necessary.
Smart irrigation
Crops need water—that’s needless to say. However, how they get water is another story.
With smart irrigation technology, water can be put to good use. New irrigation systems with smart technology can report soil moisture(湿度) and temperature in real time. These new technologies help farmers properly take care of crops in a more efficient way. For example, most crops have specific requirements for temperature and moisture. The new irrigation systems can show farmers whether they need to make changes for their crops’ growing environments. In this way, they may help reduce the waste of water.
Drones
Drones’ abilities get them a place on this list. They can do a lot and most importantly, they can make the boring and tiring farm work much easier.
These devices have high-definition cameras that take pictures and videos. Through wireless control, just at home farmers can fly the drones over the fields and check on crops. If one area of crops isn’t doing well, farmers can quickly record the details and then spray chemicals with the help of the drones.
Data and software
Data is rich in this tech-driven world. Farming and data working together can greatly change the way farmers plant, harvest and water.
As computers gather information, they report it all back to a central system. So when farmers learn in which area crop health needs to improve, they can use water and fertilizer(肥料) more efficiently, causing less waste.
The three technologies are helpful for farmers to save costs, labor and energy. And they can contribute to the final goal of agricultural sustainability—that is to improve the environment. As these new technologies continue to develop, we are sure to have a cleaner environment.
Sustainable agricultural technology is the future—and it will change the game.
63．According to the passage, smart irrigation can ________.
A．make full use of every drop of rain
B．decide crops’ growing environment
C．help farmers water the crops when necessary
D．support the growth and harvest of crops efficiently
64．From “Drones” part, we can learn that ________.
A．drones can help provide water and fertilizer
B．drones help farm work in a more efficient way
C．farmers can fly in their drones to check on crops
D．farmers can record the details about their drones
65．What is the final goal of agricultural sustainability
A．To help us have a better environment. B．To make farmers work more efficiently.
C．To raise the production of crops quickly. D．To reduce farmers’ boring and tiring work.
66．The passage is mainly to ________.
A．think highly of the agriculture department
B．make sustainable agriculture technologies better
C．change farmers’ misunderstanding of agriculture technologies
D．stress the importance of sustainable technologies in agriculture
Passage 4
（2022·辽宁丹东·中考真题）In the past ten years, great progress has been made in technology. It seems like everything has been greatly improved. But there is one thing unlike them. It was invented over 100 years ago but remained unchanged until now. I’m talking about a blind walking stick.
The white stick has been used by many blind people for a long time. However, it hasn’t really been improved, until a blind engineer named Kursat decided to do something to change that. He hoped his invention would help the blind.
He invented a smart stick called the WeWalk. The smart stick uses built-in speakers and different sensors (传感) to warn about possible dangers. It helps blind people in navigating (航行) around their environment. It makes their travel much easier. The stick is priced at around $500. It is less than half the price of most smart phones. Most people can afford it. This invention is going to change life a lot for the blind.
Kursat well understands the difficulties that the blind face. That’s because he is blind himself. He decided to put his knowledge of technology into inventing something. It would not only change his life, but also the life of many others.
“In these days, we are talking about flying cars. But the blind have been using just a simple stick. As a bind person, when I am at the bus stop, I don’t know which bus is coming or which stores are around me. Now, that kind of information can be provided by the WeWalk,” he said, “I believe life of the blind will be much easier and safer.”
67．Kursat invented the WeWalk to ______.
A．become an engineer B．help the blind
C．change everything D．open a store
68．What’s the third paragraph mainly about
A．The name of the smart stick. B．The reason for inventing the WeWalk.
C．The introduction of the WeWalk. D．The future of the WeWalk.
69．Which words can we use to describe Kursat
A．Creative and caring. B．Smart and thankful.
C．Healthy and lucky. D．Rich and outgoing.
70．Which one is Kursat’s idea
A．Flying cars are more important than the WeWalk.
B．The blind shouldn’t take the bus.
C．With the WeWalk, the blind can find their way more easily.
D．The WeWalk can solve all the problems for the blind.
71．Where may this text be taken from
A．A magazine about cars. B．A magazine about health.
C．A magazine about teaching. D．A magazine about science.
六、大数据下的现代生活。
Passage 1
（2023·福建泉州·三模）You may feel that math is hard and boring. Is it possible that you’ve been looking at math in the wrong way With International Day of Mathematics coming on March 14, we interviewed Li Xing a math professor at Ning Xia University. We asked if math can be beautiful and fun. Here’s what Li said.
Numbers are beautiful
Many people today want to have beautiful looks. But there is math hidden in beautiful human bodies. Measure the length from your head to your belly button (肚脐眼) and from your belly button to your feet. The ratio (比例) of these two numbers is always around 0.618. This is the golden ratio, which can be seen everywhere, like in nature, music and paintings.
In Chinese poems, we can also see the beauty of numbers. As Li Bai wrote, “I’ve sailed a thousand miles through Gorges in a day”, “My boat has left ten thousand mountains far away”. “A thousand miles in one day”, “ten thousand mountains”—all these numbers show how fast Li Bai traveled and how happy he felt. Numbers give us the freedom to imagine.
Curves are beautiful
Sine curves (正弦曲线) are beautiful. They go towards the two opposite directions on and on without ever ending. When you look at them, you may feel like standing by the sea and watching the waves slowly moving. The tangent curve (正切曲线) is like a waterfall. That’s really “dashing down three thousand feet from on high”. If you do a math problem and get that curve, you’ll feel amazing!
Formulas(公式) are beautiful
In a right-angled triangle, the square of the longest side is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides, neither more nor less. How neat! Just as Chinese—American mathematician Chern Shingshen said, “Math is fun!”
72．If the ratio of two numbers is around 0.618, ________.
A．it may show us a golden color
B．it will look like a human body
C．it might bring people a sense of beauty
D．it is as long as the length from a man’s belly button to his feet
73．From the poem of Li Bai in this text, we can know that _______.
A．Li Bai was good at counting numbers
B．Li Bai used numbers to show his feelings
C．Li Bai succeeded in solving math problems
D．Li Bai loved traveling by boat along the river
74．What does a waterfall usually look like in a math way ________
A． B． C． D．
75．What does the underlined word “equal” mean in Chinese ________
A．等同的 B．整体的 C．类似的 D．平均的
76．What is the text mainly about ________
A．The life of a math professor.
B．The International Day of Mathematics.
C．Why math is beautiful and fun.
D．How math helps us live a better life.
Passage 2
（2023·浙江湖州·三模）Have you ever noticed that a number is so amazing Do you want to get some magic power from a number Just take a look and see what it is.
The digits (位) of multiples (倍数) of 9 always finally add up to 9: No matter how large the number, just keep adding the digits of the answer together, and finally you’ll get 9! Nines can make you look like a calculator Just prepare a piece of paper and a pen. Let’s play a number trick now! Draw 4 rows of 5 spaces each, like this: Ask a friend to fill in the first and third rows with any
numbers. (This will work no matter what numbers your friend writes in the first and third rows.) So your friend might write: Below each number, write the number that will add up to 9! The trick You will quickly complete the sum (总数) that has the answer 199.998.
77．From the text, the digits of multiples of 9 always finally add up to ________.
A．4 B．5 C．8 D．9
78．We can learn from the text that ________ while playing the number trick.
A．it’s necessary to prepare a calculator
B．the friend can write in the first and second rows
C．the friend can only write down the same number
D．it’s important to write the number that will add up to 9
79．The text is mainly about the ________ of the number 9.
A．magic power B．different meanings C．fun history D．interesting stories
Passage 3
（2023·宁夏吴忠·一模）Many of us may have experienced the pleasant moment of seeing recommended (推荐) songs after we listen to some songs on a music app. When we open shopping websites, we often see things we want to buy on the home page. The businessman can decide which is the best place to build a new entrance in a big supermarket in the city center. If you want to take a taxi on a taxi app, it can even guess where you want to go before you tell it! Aren’t these things amazing
This is based on data (数据). Data is no longer only about numbers, but information from almost every side of our lives: our shopping habits, interests or what we eat. All of this is called “big data”. In December 2017, President Xi
Jinping called for China to speed up its big data strategy (战略) to better serve social development. As a result, people’s lives can be improved as well. He also asked for greater use of big data in areas like education, and transportation.
We have seen big data being used more often in China in the past few years. The role it plays in travel is just one example. Many travelers today like to share their experiences with others on the Internet. All the data that travelers share online is helping the tourism industry get a lot of information. After the data is analyzed (分析), these tour sights can know about travelers’ needs better. In this way, services will be improved, which is helpful to the development of the whole industry. As a result, travelers can expect better tours in the future.
Moreover, big data is also an important growth tool for trade. With growth rate of 30 percent every year, sales of big data industry in China will reach one trillion (万亿) yuan yearly by 2020. Having so many good influences, big data is sure to be seen more and more in China.
80．According to Paragraph 1, big data can help people ________.
A．buy songs from a music app B．design home pages for websites
C．take a taxi without paying for it D．make better decisions in business
81．According to Paragraph 2, President Xi Jinping’s attitude towards big data is to ________.
A．improve people’s shopping habits B．use the big data in education
C．use the big data in medicine D．use the big data in safety of society.
82．After reading the passage, we know that ________.
A．the speed of big data development in China now is enough
B．people have few chances to use big data at present in China
C．big data improve people’s life better
D．big data is just sure to be seen more and more in education
83．What can be the best title for the passage
A．Big Data Brings Good Songs B．Big Data Influences China
C．Tourism Gets Help from Big Data D．Sales of Big Data Industry in China
七、青少年的双刃剑：网络的利与弊。
Passage 1
（2024·陕西西安·三模）The attention span (持续时间) of a goldfish is said to be nine seconds (秒). According to a recent study, the human attention span is now only eight seconds—one second shorter than that of a goldfish! In fact,
many people recently find it hard to read a whole book, complete a task on time, or even pay close attention while someone is speaking to them. And one main reason that reduces our attention span appears to be the effect that our increasingly digitalized (数字化的) life have on our brains.
We can get almost any piece of information we need online through our phones and computers, and the information often comes in easily acceptable forms, such as key words and short videos. As a result, the Internet itself seems to lower our attention span. So what can we do about it
Controlling our use of digital devices may sound like a good solution, but it would be like putting a Band-Aid on a hurt wound. To control our minds again, we need to work together and stand up to the companies that create the digital information that’s reducing our attention. For example, we could force social media companies to change their business models, whose goal is to keep us scrolling (滚动) without thinking. By working together, we can improve our valuable attention. So next time, if someone invites you to watch short videos together, just say “No” to him.
84．The writer starts the passage ________.
A．by giving an example B．by showing a fact
C．by telling a story D．by asking a question
85．Why is our attention span so short according to Paragraph 2
A．Because people use their phones for a long time.
B．Because we don’t practice keeping our attention.
C．Because our phones and computers are very useful.
D．Because the Internet itself reduces people’s attention span.
86．The underlined word “devices” in Paragraph 3 means ________ in Chinese.
A．设备 B．物品 C．应用 D．设施
Passage 2
（2024·重庆沙坪坝·一模）Open AI has introduced a new technology that uses artificial intelligence (AI) to create high-quality videos from text descriptions.
The company showed a few short, vivid and realistic videos, including mammoths (猛犸象) moving forward in a snowy field and people doing everyday things like reading a book or walking down a city street.
Open AI calls the new system Sora. “Sora is able to generate complex scenes with different kinds of characters, specific types of motion, and correct and true details of the subject and background based on simple text prompts (提示语),” the ChatGPT makers said.
The new tool isn’t the first of its kind. Other companies, including Google, Meta and AI start-up Runway, have built their own text-to-video AI models. But AI analysts (分析员) said the length and quality of Sora videos went beyond expectation and was outstanding in all of the models.
Sora will first be available to a small group of artists and filmmakers as well as researchers who will try to find out what can be improved about it.
Mutale Nkonde, an analyst, thinks the idea that anyone can easily turn text into video is exciting. She, however, worries that these tools might be put into some hateful information and it may influence the livelihoods (生计) of people in many industries.
Arvind Narayanan, a professor of computer science, said Sora is likely to become a quick and inexpensive way of creating online misinformation. The high-quality videos it produced would make it even harder for people to distinguish (区分) what is real on the Internet.
⑧Putting watermarks on AI-produced videos and images, as many companies have said they would do, might help, according to Siwei Lyu, the director of the Media Forensic Lab at the University at Buffalo. But in many cases, watermarks could be removed or altered (篡改), he said.
87．The examples in Para.2 are to show that ________.
A．Mammoths moving forward in a snowy field is quite a successful video.
B．Sora can produce highly realistic videos according to text descriptions.
C．People enjoys doing everyday reading and walking down a city street.
D．The new technology can only create short, vivid videos on the Internet.
88．We can infer from the passage that ________.
A．Sora is the first technology to create videos from detailed text descriptions.
B．Putting watermarks can help people distinguish the reality on the Internet.
C．Anyone who knows about Sora can use Sora to create a video through text now.
D．An actor may risk losing his job one day because of the new technology Sora.
89．What is the attitude of Arvind Narayanan towards Sora
A．Hopeful B．Worried C．Neutral (中立的) D．Positive
90．The structure of the passage may be ________.
A．
B．
C．
D．
Passage 3
（2023·江苏淮安·中考真题）Most of us cannot imagine modern life without social media(社交媒体). We use it almost every day in order to keep up with what is happening in our friends’ lives, or find out the latest information. Although it has a bad influence if we don’t use it properly, social media has done more good than harm.
The greatest advantage is that we can connect with people much more easily. We are still able to keep in touch with our friends if they are far away. With social media, friendship goes beyond geography. We are able to find friends old and new. Also, it makes it easier for us to make friends, especially for those who are afraid of making friends face to face. Are you shy If yes, social media has probably helped.
Social media is also ideal for making yourself heard. Anyone with a voice can express it. Anyone with a talent is free to show it. Everyone is the new content creator. Moreover, anyone with a smartphone and the Internet can be a reporter. As a result, it has become much faster to cover the news than ever before.
Social media, on the other hand, can make us less confident sometimes. A 2021 study published by the Public Library of Science, found that the more a person uses social media, the sadder he feels about his own life. One reason for this is that people around us put colourful information and perfect pictures online in order to show off their best moment. So we often get a distorted sense of how wonderful their lives are compared to our own.
Social media does not cause sadness; it simply provides another tool for us to use. Is it good or bad Nobel Peace Prize winner Malala Yousafzai says, “What is interesting is the power and influence of social media ... We must try to use social media in a good way.” After all, you decide how you use this powerful tool.
91．What is the greatest advantage of social media according to the passage
A．Expressing our voices freely. B．Showing our talents to others.
C．Recording the best side of our life. D．Connecting with people more easily.
92．What does the word “distorted” probably mean in Paragraph 4
A．clear B．different C．incorrect D．simple
93．Which picture shows the structure(结构) of the passage (=Paragraph 1, ...)
A． B． C． D．
94．Which of the following can be the best title of the passage
A．Social Media: Our Friend Or Enemy B．Social Media: To Use Or Not To Use
C．Social Media: Connecting The World D．Social Media: Making Yourself Heard
Passage 4
（2023·浙江湖州·三模）Why do our kids waste so much time on social media（社交媒体） As a father, I have been thinking a lot about it. Maybe it’s because they’re not all bad. Social media can be harmful to kids, but it can also do a lot of good—if we teach them to use it wisely.
Community
Social media may be the only best way to connect with family and friends who you can’t see often. With social media, there’s a chance for your kids to learn about what’s happening in their lives. It can also be a supplement（补充）to face-to-face communications. What’s more, social media allows your kids to meet other people across the world who share a common hobby.
Personal Expression
All kids want to be able to express themselves. For example, they may want to dress themselves, pick out their own shoes, or paint their room a new color. Social media can be away for your kids to express what’s meaningful to them. What they write, post, or take part in will help you learn what they think is important.
Education
Advice and life skills are all over social media, and some things can even go deeper into educational chances. These can cause new interests or lead to a deeper love for things your kids have already been learning. They can even serve as an introduction to some future jobs they’re interested in.
95．The writer leads in the topic by ________.
A．listing numbers B．asking a question
C．telling a story D．describing a scene
96．We can learn from Para. 2 & 3 that ________.
A．most kids can’t see their family and friends often
B．all kids want to paint their rooms by themselves
C．few kids want to express themselves through social media
D．social media can help parents to learn about their kids better
97．The passage is mainly written for ________.
A．teenagers B．parents C．teachers D．experts
八、经典考点：信息技术。
Passage 1
（2024·广东韶关·一模）In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI人工智能) technology has developed rapidly and is being used in people’s life and work. From self-driving cars to smart homes to data analysis, AI is gradually changing the way we work and live. In this situation, many traditional human work can be replaced by intelligent tools. On the one hand, people are happy to have so many useful AI tools to make our work and life easier. On the other hand, people are worried that their jobs will be replaced by AI tools, and can’t find jobs to live on.
Some young people believe that with the popularization of AI translation tools, the need to learn foreign languages is greatly reduced. After all, an APP on a smartphone can translate different languages quickly, helping people who speak different languages communicate. In addition, AI tools like ChatGPT, Claude, and many other such tools or websites can help people realize all kinds of ideas, such as writing, drawing, making videos, searching for materials, and analyzing data. Most AI tools can help with writing in any language. Some teenagers think the ability to write in a foreign language or a native language is not important, as long as they can use AI tools. They no longer need to spend a lot of time learning these “fungible” skills.
However, other young people have different ideas. They believe that improving information literacy (信息素养) and the ability to control AI technology is more important in the time of AI. This includes not only basic computer skills, but also thinking and moral judgment (道德判断). Students should be prepared to live with AI, learn knowledge, use AI and even develop new AI tools.
98．AI technology is not widely used in ________.
A．self-driving cars B．smart home
C．data analysis D．emotional understanding
99．AI translation tools ________.
A．can completely replace foreign language learning
B．can translate all languages easily
C．reduces the need to learn a foreign language
D．can only help users with written translation
100．What does the underlined (划线的) word “fungible” mean
A．Replaceable. B．Repetitive. C．Useless. D．Boring.
101．Which is difficult for AI tools to replace humans
A．Data analysis. B．Writing. C．Drawing. D．Creative thinking.
102．What does the writer want to tell us
A．In the time of Al, students don’t need to learn any foreign language.
B．It's not important for people to improve writing.
C．People should learn more and master skills that cannot be replaced by AI tools.
D．Computer skills are more important than thinking and moral judgment.
Passage 2
（2024·浙江宁波·一模）
Companies these days spend thousands of dollars on their computer security. They buy the best firewalls and
computer programs. However, Kevin Mitnick thinks the biggest danger these days is not a weakness in technology.
In the 1990s, Kevin Mitnick was an infamous hacker (黑客). He hacked into government and corporate computer systems. After being punished and sent into prison, Mitnick decided to use his skills in a different way. He started his own computer security firm. He now advises people on how to keep their computers safe.
According to Mitnick, the biggest danger to security is people. However, by this he doesn’t mean hackers. In fact, he means the people using the programs. “If an attacker can get one trusting person to give his or her information, the attacker gets in. All that money spent is basically wasted.” A hacker can get around everything with just one person within the company.
Unfortunately, people are still too trusting. In a recent test of the US tax office (the IRS), security experts called 100 managers. They posed as IRS computer technicians. The experts were able to fool 35 of the managers. They gave both their passwords and IDs. In the hands of real hackers, this would have been a disaster!
103．What is the main idea of this reading
A．Managers need to be more careful about who they talk to.
B．Technology is not helpful if people aren’t careful.
C．Hackers can help us make our computers safe.
D．It’s really important to get the newest technology.
104．What do you know about Kevin Mitnick according to the passage
A．He now works for the US government.
B．He thinks security technology is expensive.
C．He used to be a criminal.
D．He teaches people how to hack computers.
105．What does the word “They” refer to in the last paragraph
A．Experts. B．Technicians. C．Hackers. D．Managers.
106．What is Kevin Mitnick’s advice to us
A．Don’t give information to strangers. B．Buy the newest firewalls.
C．Test your computer systems often. D．Don’t put important information on computers.
Passage 3
（2024·广东广州·一模）Spend your holiday in a smart way with these apps!
Grammarly is great for checking spelling, grammar, punctuation (标点) and other kinds of mistakes. Type your message and then Grammarly will check if there is a mistake. Next, the app will show you how to fix the mistake and why it is wrong. If you want to find some good synonyms (近义词) for your words, Grammarly can also help.
How can we exercise by ourselves safely The app Fitbod can show you how to exercise correctly with clear and easy videos. If you have no equipment (器材), Fitbod can show you how to do simple exercises with just your body. Fitbod can change to meet your needs after each exercise. If some of your muscles (肌肉) are tired, the app will focus on practicing others.
Do you always want to use a calculator to help solve math problems Now there is an app that does even more for you than calculators. This app is called Math way. It can show you how to solve difficult math problems. Even better, the app can explain each step for solving math problems. This way, you can understand how to solve a math problem.
School, studies, family—we have so many things to do! How can we manage our tasks Watoo can help us! It helps us sort out what is important or urgent (紧急的) by using its colorful faces. A big red face means a task is really important. A small, happy yellow face means we can take our time. Let’s use this app to organize your tasks in a fun way.
107．Grammarly can do many things EXCEPT _________.
A．checking spelling mistakes for you B．fixing the mistake on its own
C．finding good synonyms for your words D．checking punctuation mistakes
108．What does the underlined word “others” refer to
A．other apps B．other muscles C．other equipment D．other exercises
109．What makes Math way better than other calculators
A．It can help solve harder math problems.
B．It can calculate at a faster speed.
C．It can explain steps for solving math problems.
D．It can show you answers more quickly.
110．According to the description of Watoo, which of the following is TRUE
A．It is fun to have so many things to do.
B．A small red face means a task is important.
C．Watoo can help complete our tacks in a fun way.
D．A small happy yellow face means a task is not urgent.
九、大数据下的信息安全。
Passage 1
（2024·四川泸州·一模）Personal information is like the keys to your house. Giving these keys to the wrong people can be like allowing a stranger into your house without you even knowing. If someone has personal information about you, they could pretend (假装) to be you, find out where you live, or even use your personal information to buy things.
Your personal information may include your:
·full name, address, phone number
·which school you go to
·date of birth, email address
·usernames and passwords for online accounts or email accounts
·parent or career’s bank or credit card details
·photos that show where you live or your school uniform
Tips to keep personal information safe
·Avoid using your full name online—choose a screen name that does not include your real first or last name or use a nickname instead.
·Don’t lie about your age-you have to be at least 13 years old to use many social media apps. This is because some of the content may not be safe for kids.
·Only friend or follow people you know—if you receive a friend request from someone you don’t know—your email address might have your name and you don’t want to get unwanted texts, calls or emails.
·Don’t fill in all the fields on forms—if you sign up for something online, like a competition or quiz, only fill out the fields that are marked with an asterisk (this symbol*), which means that it is a required field.
111．What does the writer think of personal information
A．It is troublesome. B．It is useful. C．It is important. D．It is strange.
112．It is dangerous to let a stranger know your ________.
A．dreams B．birthday C．idol D．shoe brand
113．What might be the safest screen name for Li Hua
A．Lixiaohua. B．huahua. C．secretpirate. D．lihua123.
114．Why is there an age requirement for using social media apps
A．Because kids may follow people they don’t know.
B．Because not all content is suitable for kids.
C．Because it is difficult for kids to fill in forms.
D．Because kids might not know how to use apps.
115．What is the passage mainly about
A．How to buy things online.
B．How to protect one’s personal information.
C．How to make the most out of the internet.
D．How to tell who the bad guys are in life.
Passage 2
（2023·浙江杭州·二模）You might have heard about identity theft (身份盗窃): it means a thief gets enough of someone’s information to commit fraud (诈骗). Why should people care about it Because recovering a stolen identity can be a hard process. Imagine that someone opens a credit card in your name, gets a cell phone number in your name, or buys things using a credit card that has your name on it.
ID thieves can be creative about getting your information. There are some low-tech ways they get it: sometimes they steal rubbish, going through it to find personal information, or they steal mail.
There are high-tech ways, too: ID thieves might put software onto your computer secretly. The software, called badware, let a thief see everything on your computer,