2024届高三英语二轮复习：定语从句课件(共64张PPT)

(共64张PPT)
Review of Relative Clauses
Grammar
在复合句中，担任______ 功能的的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词(短语)或代词称为_______，引导定语从句的词叫_______，定语从句放在先行词的后面。
关系词的作用：______, ______, _______.
基本概念
连接
替代
作成分
定语
先行词
关系词
The man ______________________ is Kobe.
who is playing basketball
先行词
关系词
The man who is playing basketball is Kobe.
关系代词
关系副词
which, who, whom, whose, that, as
where, when, why
Content
01
关系代词引导的定语从句
02
关系副词引导的定语从句
03
“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
04
定语从句的主谓一致
05
定语从句和其他句式的区别
06
考点分层练
01 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系词 先行词所指的对象 关系词的语法作用 例句 备注
that
which
人或物
物或事
主、宾、表
主、宾
Is he the man that wants to see you？
I'll never forget the days which I spent in the countryside.
It rained hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park.
which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面which不能省略,也不可以用that
【名师指津】关系代词用that不用which的情况
先行词为不定代词all、 anything、nothing、something、 everything、 none、 the one等或被不定代词修饰时。
先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
先行词被the only、the very、the last等修饰时。
先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。
当主句是以who、 what或which开头的特殊疑问句时。
定语从句中又包含定语从句时，其中一个从句中已经用了关系代词which，另一个从句中宜用that。
【名师指津】关系代词只用which而不用that的情况
引导非限制性定语从句时。
当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词＋关系代词”结构时
关系词 先行词所指的对象 关系词的语法作用 例句 备注
whom
whose
as
人
人或物
人、物或事
宾
定
主、宾、表
He is the man whom I saw yesterday.
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
As we know, smoking is harmful to one's health.I have got into the same trouble as he has.
as作宾语一般不省略
关系代词as引导限制性定语从句时，常用于the same ... as ...和such ... as ...结构中。引导非限制性定语从句时，常用于以下结构：as＋is＋过去分词、as is the case、 as the saying goes等。
whose＋名词＝名词＋ of which ＝ of which＋名词
who
人
主、宾
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.
who和whom在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面whom不能省略,也不可以用who
【名师指津】which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别
She married again，which was unexpected.
她再婚了，这是始料不及的。
She married again，as we expected.
正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了。
as 位置灵活，可置于句首、句中或句末 通常表示“正如；就像”
which 所引导的从句只置于句末或句中 通常表示“这件事……”
正如谚语所说...
正如大家所知道....
正如被报导那样...
正如所预料的那样...
as 常见搭配
as the saying goes,…
as we all know,… /as is known to all,…
as is reported,…
as is expected,...
正如你所看见的
as you can see
情况通常如此
as is often the case
正如指出的
as is pointed out
【对点练习】
The dictionary the gentleman bought half an hour ago was very expensive.
The lady ____________ is standing behind the counter is my sister.
The man I served was wearing a hat.
This is the third apple she has eaten in the afternoon.
This is the only/very thing I can do to solve the tricky problem.
That’s all I know about the young man living next door.
that/which
who/that
who/whom/that
that
that
that
【对点练习】
When they met again，the two friends talked about lots of things and persons they could remember in the school.
This is the best film I have ever seen.
He is the student English is always at the top.
In our factory there are 2,000 workers，two thirds of are women.
He is working hard， will make him pass the final exam.
is known to all，there are 7 continents on the earth.
that
that
whose
whom
which
As
02 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词 先行词所指的对象 关系词的语法作用 与“介词＋关系代词”的关系
when
where
why
表示时间的名词：time，day，year等
表示场所的名词：park，place，country，house等
表示原因的名词：reason
作时间状语
作地点状语
作原因状语
＝at/in/on/during which
＝in/at/to/on which
＝for which
引导非限制性定语从句不可用why, 要用 for which 代替
I had told them the reason, for which I was late.
【名师指津】
先行词occasion意为“时机”时，用关系副词when；意为“场合”时，用关系副词where。
当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如point, situation, case, stage等时，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。
当先行词way意为“方法、方式”，且在从句中作状语时，可用that, in which或省略关系词这三种形式。
关系代词和关系副词的比较
The next day, I went to the park ________ I watched some people play volleyball.
The next day, I went to the park ___________ is famous for its beautiful scenery.
which/that是指先行词在从句中作主语或宾语。
where是指先行词在从句中作地点状语，把先行词放到从句中一般要加介词。
where
which/that
in the park 作地点状语
作主语 the beach
区分which/that 与where
关系代词和关系副词的比较
区分which/that 与when
I will never forget the day _______ I met you.
I will never forget the day ___________ we spent together.
which/that是指先行词在从句中作主语或宾语。
when是指先行词在从句中作时间状语，把先行词放到从句中一般要加介词。
when
which/that
作时间状语on that day
作宾语the day
故：不能一看 到地点名词就填where;
看到时间名词就填when
This is the factory ________ I worked last year.
This is the factory___________I visited yesterday.
I will never forget the summer _______ we met him for the first time.
You reach a situation ________medicine can’t help.
where
which/that
when
where
【对点练习】
03 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
some、any、none、both、all、neither、most、each、few、three、several等代词或数词
介词的选取
①根据从句中的谓语(比如与动词形成固定搭配等)或形容词(常用的介词搭配)来确定。He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.他要我去参考一些我不太熟悉的参考书。(be familiar with为固定搭配)
②根据定语从句所修饰的先行词来确定。Could you find the bus by which you get there 你能找到去那里要乘坐的公共汽车吗？(by bus为固定搭配)
介词的选取
③根据句子的意思来选择。The naughty boy made a hole in the wall through which he could see what was happening outside.那个调皮的男孩在墙上凿了一个洞，通过那个洞他能够看见外面发生了什么。
介词的选取
(3)“介词＋关系代词”的特殊用法
含有介词的固定的动词短语一般不拆开使用，即介词不能提前，常见的此类动词短语有look for、 listen to、 look after、 take care of等。这就是我正在寻找的手表。【正】This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for.【误】This is the watch for which I am looking.
【对点练习】
Do you remember the day_________________ you joined our club
I grew up in the small village __________________ I was born.
This is the man______ whom I just shook hands.
I am looking for my glasses, ________ which I can’t watch TV clearly.
I have forty books, most of______ are about Chinese history and literature.
In 1961 the UN decided to set up the World Food Programme, one of _______ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
/ on which
when
/ in which
where
with
which
whose
without
04 定语从句的主谓一致
(1)关系代词作从句的主语时，从句中谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持一致；先行词是句子时，从句的谓语动词用单数。
The recorder that has been given to me is homemade.给我的那台录音机是国产的。
(2)“one of＋复数名词”位于关系代词前作先行词，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词常用复数，但当one前有the、the only、the very等修饰时，从句的谓语动词要用单数。
He is one of the students who have made great progress.他是取得很大进步的学生之一。
He is the only one of the students who has made great progress.
他是这些学生中唯一一个取得很大进步的学生。
The lady who (be) standing behind the counter is my sister.
China is a country which________ (belong) to the third world.
She is the only one of the children who _____ (be) good at music here.
Up to now, she is one of the girls who ____________ (passs) the exam.
is
belongs
is
have passed
05 定语从句和其他句式的区别
(一)定语从句与并列句的区别
两个句子之间若有and，but，so等并列连词或分号则为并列句，此时不需要再填引导词。
She has written many novels，some of are interesting.
which　[which引导定语从句，修饰先行词novels，“some of 　which”在从句中作主语。]
She has written many novels，and some of are interesting.
them　[此句为and连接的并列句。]
(二)定语从句与地点状语从句的区别
定语从句有表示地点的先行词，而地点状语从句则没有；
定语从句修饰的是先行词，而地点状语从句修饰的是谓语动词。
We young people should go to the place is in need of help.
which/that　[关系代词which/that引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the place”，且在从句中作主语。]
We young people should go we’re most needed.
where　[where引导地点状语从句，修饰主句谓语动词go。]
(三)定语从句与时间状语从句的区别
定语从句有表示时间的先行词，而时间状语从句则没有；
定语从句修饰先行词，而时间状语从句修饰谓语动词。
I will always remember the days I lived with my grandparents in the countryside.
when　[when引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the days”，且在从句中作状语。]
I always remember the days in the countryside I see the photo of my grandparents.
when　[when引导时间状语从句，修饰谓语动词remember。]
(四)定语从句与结果状语从句的区别
在the same...as...与such...as...结构中，as引导定语从句并在从句中充当一定的成分；such/so...that...引导的结果状语从句中，that在从句中不作成分。
1.This is such an interesting work of art all of us like.
as　[as引导定语从句，as在从句中作like的宾语。]
2.This is such an interesting work of art all of us like it.
that　[such...that...引导结果状语从句。]
(五)定语从句与主语从句的区别
定语从句是形容词性从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，在整个句子中作定语，用来修饰前面的名词或代词；而主语从句是名词性从句，其作用相当于一个名词，在整个句子中作主语。
1. is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.
As　[as引导非限制性定语从句，修饰后面整句话的内容。]
2. is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once eve ry month.
It　[it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。]
3. is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.
What　[what在此引导主语从句，在从句中充当主语，而后面的that引导的则是表语从句。]
(六)定语从句与强调句型的区别
强调句的结构为“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他部分”，It is/was和that/who在句中不作任何成分，也不起连接作用，去掉后，句子依然完整。但是定语从句的关系词既起连接作用还在从句中充当成分，去掉以后结构就不完整了。
1.It was on the morning of May 1st I met Liang Wei at the airport.
that　[将句子改为： I met Liang Wei on the morning of May 1st at the airport.显然，这句话是完整的，故为强调句。]
2.It is the factory Mr Wang works.
where　[此句是定语从句，用上述方法转换便知the factory前少介词in，故填where。]
3. It was in the very house was built with stones he spent his childhood.
that that [考查强调句和定语从句。句意：他就是在这所石头砌成的房子里度过童年的。分析句子可知，空1处引导定语从句，先行词为the very house，因有the very修饰，关系词为that，在从句中作主语；分析句子，根据句意可知，本句为强调句型： It is /was+被强调部分 + that/who+其他成分，本句强调部分为in the very house _______ was built with stones，所以用that。故空1填that；空2填that。]
06 考点分层练
解题策略
1. The reason _________ you explained at the meeting was not sound.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你在会上解释的理由不充分。此处为定语从句，关系词指代先行词reason并在从句中作动词explained的宾语，故填that/which。
2. Do you know the reason____________he got angry
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：你知道他生气的原因吗？分析句子可知，空格处应填入定语从句的引导词。先行词是the reason，定语从句中缺少原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。故填why。
3. I have a friend __________always helps me when I am in trouble.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我有一个在我陷入困难的时候经常帮助我的朋友。本句是定语从句，关系词指代先行词friend并在从句中作主语，故填who。
that/which
who
why
4. The boy with__________John spoke is my brother.
【详解】John 跟他说话的那个男孩是我弟弟。此句为定语从句，先行词为the boy，从句缺with的宾语，因此用whom。
5. This is the person ______________ you are looking for.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这就是你要找的那个人。_____ you are looking for是定语从句，从句修饰the person，先行词是人，在关系从句中做for的宾语，故填whom/who/that。
6. Jim said he would never forget the places and the people___________he visited in the countryside.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：吉姆说他永远不会忘记他在农村访问过的地方和人。本句是定语从句，从句修饰先行词the places and the people，关系词在从句中作宾语，先行词既有人又有物，关系词只能用that，故填that。
whom
who/whom/that
that
7. More and more animals have been hunted, some of are dying out.
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：越来越多的动物被猎杀，其中一些正在灭绝。分析可知，“some of ____________ are dying out”应是之前名词more and more animals的非限制性定语从句，先行词在从句作介词of的宾语，应用which作为关系词。故填which。
8. This is the only one of the best novels_____ has appeared this year.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是今年出版的唯一一本最好的小说。此处为定语从句修饰先行词novels，在从句作主语，指物，且由最高级修饰只能用that引导。故填that。
9. The Internet has become the first place_____ the majority of people turn to for help.
which
that
that
10. We do the same work they do.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们和他们做同样的工作。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词work。定语从句中缺少宾语，而且先行词前面有the same修饰，所以用关系代词as引导定语从句。故填as。
11. Don't do such things you are not sure about.
【详解】考查关系代词。句意：不要做你不确定的事情。空格处是定语从句，先行词是things且被such修饰；在定语从句中 about后缺少宾语，因此关系代词用as。
12. ________is reported in the newspaper, the earthquake in the east of Jiangxi Province killed 13 people.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：据报纸报道，江西省东部的地震造成13人死亡。分析句子结构和意思可知，__ is reported in the newspaper是非限制性定语从句，位于句首，先行词是整个主句的内容，关系词在从句中作主语，意为“正如”，用关系代词as引导。故填As。
as
as
As
13. The building ___________wall is white is my uncle's house.
【详解】墙体是白色的建筑物是我叔叔的房子。分析句子结构及根据句意可知，横线及其后面的部分为定语从句。定语从句的先行词是the building，定语从句中主语wall前面缺少定语（"谁的"墙）；故该使用在定语从句中作定语的关系代词whose"谁的"一词引导定语从句。
14. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived in the country with the farmers.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我将永远不会忘记我和农民们住在乡下的那些年。先行词是those years，_____ I lived in the country with the farmers定语从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导定语从句。故填when。
15. Finally we arrived at a place_____________sold food and drinks.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最后我们来到了一个卖食物和饮料的地方。分析句子可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为place，关系代词which或that引导从句，在从句中作主语，指代（先行词）事物。故填which/that。
whose
when
which/that
16. I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我和我的朋友走到山顶，在那里我们欣赏了美丽的湖景。本句是非限制性定语从句，先行词是the top of the hill，先行词在从句中做地点状语，用关系副词where引导定语从句，故填where。
17. They offered to send me to the airport,______I was very grateful for.
【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：他们提出送我到机场，我很感激。非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个主句，所以要用关系代词which引导。故填which。
where
which
18. The Spring Festival is an occasion Chinese reunite with family members.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：春节是中国人与家人团聚的日子。本句为定语从句，修饰先行词occasion，且先行词在从句中作时间状语，需填关系副词when引导。故填when。
19. I grew up in the small village__________________ I was born.
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我在我出生的小村庄里面长大。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词是village，在从句I was born中做地点状语，用关系副词where或者用介词+关系代词连接定语从句，和先行词搭配的介词是in，所以可以用in which。故填where或者in which。
when
where/in which
20. I think you hurt his pride by laughing at the way_____which he speaks English.
【详解】考查介词。句意：我认为你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。分析句子可知，空处应该是介词，和空后的which搭配，形成“介词+关系代词”的结构，引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the way，结合“he speaks English”可知，此处应用固定短语in the way表示“以…的方式”。故填in。
in
She is a woman ____1___ majored in music. She acted in Beijing for the first time in 1980 ___2__ she was still a student. She took part in many Spring Festival Galas(春晚) _____3_____were loved by all Chinese people. She married our Chairman _______4_______ we all know. They lived in a lovely apartment ___5___ their daughter was born. Many foreigners know her songs ____6____ are loved by our Chinese people. She is the most famous woman __7___is loved by children too. The reason ___8___ she is so popular is not just that she married a powerful man but she cares about the people ____9____ life is ordinary.
语篇提能练 1
who/that
when
which/that
whom/who/that
where
that
why
whose
that
语篇提能练 2
There was a time 1 I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.
when
语篇解读　本文为记叙文，文章叙述了作者参加英语俱乐部的难忘经历。在那里作者遇到了一位好老师，那位老师使作者对英语学习产生了兴趣，同时作者还养成了学习英语的好习惯。
解析　先行词是时间time，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，故填关系副词when。
And this was the reason 2 my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club, 3 I met many strangers，I missed my parents very much.
why
解析　先行词是原因reason，定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，故填关系副词why。
where
解析　先行词是地点club，定语从句不缺主语或宾语，故填关系副词where。
So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately，my guide, ___4_____ teacher was Yu Minhong，communicated with me face to face.He，from 5 I gained some useful instructions，also showed me a good partner，and we got along well with each other.
whose
解析　先行词是guide，空格后面的teacher与其构成所属关系，故填whose。
whom
解析　此处为非限制性定语从句，结合句意及空格前的介词from可知填whom。
Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6 we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide, 7 encouraged me to fall in love with English.
that/which
解析　定语从句中用关系词指代先行词activities，并在定语从句中作宾语，故用that/which。
who
解析　非限制性定语从句中用关系词指代先行词my father and the guide，指人，并在定语从句中作主语，故用who。
Now I feel it interesting to learn English，into 8 I put my entire energy.Every day I read my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep，I recall the passages，through
9 I can memorize a large number of new words.
which
解析　非限制性定语从句中用关系词指代“学习英语”这件事，并在定语从句中作宾语，故用which。
which
解析　非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的句子“I recall the passages”，要用which。
10 our English teacher says，“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will conquer English sooner or later.”
As
解析　非限制性定语从句中要用关系词指代后面的句子“As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance，you will conquer English sooner or later.”并放在句首，意为“正如”，故用As。
语法链接写作
1.邀请信
典例　(2015·全国Ⅱ)我写信邀请你来看我们学校举办的汉服表演。
I’m writing to invite you to enjoy a hanfu show which will be hosted by our school.
运用　(2019·全国Ⅲ)我给你写信的目的是邀请你参加下周六在我们学校举办的音乐节。
I’m writing to invite you to take part in the music festival which will be held in our school next Saturday.
2.申请信(1)
典例　(2019·全国Ⅰ)我自五岁学习中国画，因此我很了解这门艺术，这使得我能够很好地介绍画展。
I have taken up Chinese painting since I was five years old and I have a good knowledge of it，which makes it possible for me to introduce the exhibition well.
运用　(2018·浙江)我英语很熟练，这使得我与外国人自由交谈成为可能。
I have a good command of English，which makes it possible for me to communicate with foreigners freely.
3.申请信(2)
典例　(2019·全国Ⅰ)我写信是想申请你们昨天在报纸上刊登的志愿者工作。
I’m writing to apply to work as a volunteer that you advertised in yesterday’s newspaper.
运用　(2018·浙江)我写信申请我们学校英语协会所提供的职位。
I’m writing to apply for the position that the English Association of our school offers.
4.通知(1)
典例　(2018·全国Ⅱ)据要求，任何想要观看电影的同学要在下午两点之前到达。
Those who want to watch the movie are required to arrive before two in the afternoon.
运用　(2014·辽宁)任何想参加该活动的同学，请通过lihua@与李华联系。
Anyone who wants to take part in this activity can email Li Hua at lihua@.
5.通知(2)
典例　(2018·全国Ⅱ)Growing Together这部电影主要讲述我们学校的发展，将于6月17日下午2∶00到4∶00在校报告厅放映。
The movie Growing together，which is about the development of our school，will be shown in the school hall from 2∶00 to 4∶00 in the afternoon on June 17th.
运用　(2019·全国Ⅲ)这场音乐会，其中包括由才华横溢的学生们表演的各种精彩节目，将于下周日上午在我校大厅举行。
The concert，which includes various fantastic performances played by talented students，will be held in the school hall next Sunday morning.
6.感谢信
典例　(2019·浙江)我感谢你为了提高我的英语所做的一切。
I am grateful to you for everything you did for me to improve my English.
运用　你告诉我的每一件事都帮助我更好地了解了英国的文化。
Everything you told me helped me to have a better understanding of English culture.
7.推荐信
典例　(2017·北京)我强烈推荐的旅行线路是长江之旅。
The trip that I strongly recommend is the tour along the Yangtze River.
运用　(2018·北京)我建议你申请北京大学，它是中国最好的大学之一。
I suggest that the university you apply for is Peking University，which is one of the best universities in China.
8.建议信
典例　(2008·全国Ⅱ)以下是一些关于学习汉语的建议，希望能对你有帮助。
Here are some tips about how to learn Chinese，which I hope will be of help to you.
运用　以下是一些怎样克服考前焦虑的建议，希望能对你有好处。
Here are some suggestions about how to get over your anxiety before exams，which I hope will be beneficial to you.
THANKS