2024届高考英语核心词汇复习拓展 Part thirty-five (词根词缀排序) 清单

高考英语核心词汇复习拓展 Part thirty-five (词根词缀排序)
1. 派生词 (Derivations)
1.1 形容词派生词:
foolish (fool + -ish) 愚蠢的
拓展:
It is foolish of sb. to do sth. 做某事是愚蠢的
例句:
It is foolish of you to believe everything he says. 你相信他所说的一切真是愚蠢。
Spending all your money on luxuries is foolish. 把所有的钱都花在奢侈品上是愚蠢的。
hopeful (hope + -ful) 充满希望的
拓展:
be hopeful of sth. 对…充满希望
be hopeful that… 希望…
例句:
We are all hopeful of a peaceful solution to the conflict. 我们都希望这场冲突能得到和平解决。
I am hopeful that she will recover from her illness soon. 我希望她能很快从疾病中恢复过来。
辨析: hopeful vs. optimistic
hopeful 强调对某事抱有希望，而 optimistic 则表示对未来总体持乐观态度。
successful (success + -ful) 成功的
拓展:
be successful in (doing) sth. 在…方面成功
例句:
She was successful in her application for the job. 她的工作申请成功了。
He has been very successful in his career. 他在事业上非常成功。
wasteful (waste + -ful) 浪费的
拓展:
It’s/That’s wasteful (of sb.) to do sth. 做…是浪费的
例句:
It's wasteful to leave the lights on when you leave the room. 离开房间时不关灯是一种浪费。
That's wasteful of you to throw away perfectly good food. 把完好的食物扔掉真是浪费。
welcoming (welcome + -ing) 欢迎的，热情的
例句:
The hotel staff were very welcoming. 酒店工作人员非常热情。
She gave me a warm, welcoming smile. 她给了我一个温暖、欢迎的微笑。
wonderful (wonder + -ful) 极好的，精彩的
串记:
I wonder if my agent can accompany me to watch the wonderful performance. 我想知道我的经纪人是否能够陪我一起去看这场精彩的表演。
We had a wonderful time at the party. 我们在派对上玩得很开心。
worried (worry + -ied) 担心的，焦虑的
拓展:
be worried about sth./sb. 担心…
例句:
She was worried about her son's health. 她担心儿子的健康。
Don't be worried, everything will be fine. 别担心，一切都会好的。
worrying (worry + -ing) 令人担忧的
串记:
Our headmaster is worried about these worrying naughty students. 我们的班主任总是很担心这些令人担心的调皮学生。
The increase in crime is a worrying trend. 犯罪率的上升是一个令人担忧的趋势。
worthwhile (worth + -while) 值得的
辨析: worthwhile vs. worthy
worthwhile 指做某事值得花费时间或精力；worthy 指某人或某事本身具有价值或值得尊敬。
串记:
It is worthwhile to travel to Beijing, because many places of interest are well worth visiting. 去北京旅游是值得的，因为许多名胜古迹都值得一游。
Learning a new language can be a very worthwhile experience. 学习一门新的语言可以是一次非常值得的经历。
worthy (worth + -y) 值得的，有价值的
拓展:
be worthy of sth./doing sth. 值得…/值得做…
串记:
The Great Wall is particularly worthy of being visited. 长城特别值得参观。
He is worthy of our respect. 他值得我们尊敬。
1.2 名词派生词：
amusement (amuse + -ment) 娱乐，消遣
例句:
They went to the amusement park for a day of fun. 他们去游乐园玩了一天。
Her hobbies provide her with a lot of amusement. 她的爱好给她带来了很多乐趣。
childhood (child + -hood) 童年
例句:
She had a happy childhood. 她有一个快乐的童年。
Childhood obesity is a growing problem. 儿童肥胖是一个日益严重的问题。
development (develop + -ment) 发展，进展
例句:
The development of new technologies has changed the way we live. 新技术的发展改变了我们的生活方式。
The child's development is progressing well. 孩子的发育进展顺利。
experience (experience + -ence) 经验，经历
例句:
He has a lot of experience in teaching. 他有丰富的教学经验。
Traveling to foreign countries can be a valuable experience. 去国外旅行可以是一次宝贵的经历。
interviewee (interview + -ee) 受访者
例句:
The interviewee was nervous but answered all the questions well. 受访者很紧张，但回答了所有问题。
The interviewer asked the interviewee about her qualifications. 面试官询问了受访者的资历。
weakness (weak + -ness) 弱点，缺点
串记:
In this way, we can turn weakness into strengths. 这样，我们就能把弱点转化为强项。
Everyone has their own weaknesses. 每个人都有自己的弱点。
willingness (willing + -ness) 乐意，愿意
拓展:
willingness to do sth. 愿意做某事
串记:
Our aim is to strengthen a sense of confidence, capability or willingness to act. 我们的目标就是要强化一种自信、有能力、或是有意愿去行动的感觉。
She showed a willingness to help others. 她表现出乐于助人的意愿。
2. 复合词 (Compound words)
weekend (week + end) 周末
串记:
On weekdays, Father is busy. Over weekends, he stays with us. He likes reading weeklies to us. 在工作日，爸爸很忙。周末，他和我们呆在一起。他喜欢给我们读周刊。
We are going camping this weekend. 我们这个周末要去露营。
weekday (week + day) 工作日
例句:
The library is open late on weekdays. 图书馆在工作日开放到很晚。
I usually go to the gym on weekdays after work. 我通常在工作日下班后去健身房。
workmate (work + mate) 同事
串记:
Work hard and you will create many wonderful works. 努力工作你就能创作出许多精彩的作品。
He gets along well with his workmates. 他与同事相处得很好。
workshop/workplace (work + shop/place) 工作室/工作场所
例句:
The artist has a studio in the countryside where he creates his paintings. 这位艺术家在乡下有一个工作室，在那里他创作他的绘画作品。
The company provides a safe and healthy workplace for its employees. 公司为员工提供安全健康的工作场所。
worldwide (world + wide) 全世界的
例句:
The disease has spread worldwide. 这种疾病已蔓延到全世界。
The company has offices worldwide. 这家公司在世界各地都设有办事处。
meanwhile (mean + while) 同时
例句:
I'll cook dinner, meanwhile you can set the table. 我来做饭，你 meanwhile 可以摆桌子。
The children played in the garden, meanwhile their parents relaxed inside. 孩子们在花园里玩耍，同时他们的父母在室内休息。
3. 转化词 (Conversions)
work (名词/动词) 工作/工作
拓展:
work as 作为…工作
work at 从事…工作
work on 致力于…
work out 解决，想出
at work 在工作
out of work 失业
串记:
If you put heart and soul into the work, you wouldn't be feeling fed up with the job anyway. 如果你把心思都集中在工作上,你无论如何也不会对这项工作感到厌倦。
Work hard and you will create many wonderful works. 努力工作你就能创作出许多精彩的作品。
waste (名词/动词) 浪费/浪费
拓展:
go/run to waste 浪费
wealth from waste 变废为宝
waste on 浪费在…上
串记:
It’s wasteful that the young spend so much money buying so many luxuries. 年轻人花那么多钱买那么多奢侈品简直是浪费。
He wasted his time (in) doing nothing. 他无所事事，浪费光阴。
concern (名词/动词) 关心/关心
拓展:
be concerned about 关心
as/so far as …be concerned 就…而言
concern oneself with/in 关心，参与
例句:
I am concerned about your health. 我担心你的健康。
As far as I am concerned, it's none of my business. 就我而言，这不关我的事。
4. 其他 (Others)
以下单词无法归类到上述类别中，将分别进行讲解：
warn 警告
拓展:
warn sb. of/about sth. 警告/提醒某人注意某事
warn sb. (not) to do sth. 提醒某人(不)做某事
warn sb. against (doing) sth. 提醒某人提防/不做某事
例句:
We were warned not to cheat again or she would need to see our parents. 我们被警告不要再作弊，否则她将需要见我们的家长。
My father warned me against going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists. 我父亲警告我不要去西海岸，因为那里挤满了游客。
way 方式，道路
拓展:
all the way 一路上
by the way 顺便说一句
by way of 经由
give way to 给……让路
in a way 在某种程度上
in no way 决不
lose one’s way 迷路
on the way 在…途中
out of the way 偏僻的
例句:
These vegetables can be cooked in several different ways. 这些蔬菜可以用几种不同的方法烹调。
We looked at various ways of solving the problem. 我们考虑了解决这个难题的各种方法。
week 周，星期
拓展:
every other week 每隔一周
by the week 按星期
串记:
On weekdays, Father is busy. Over weekends, he stays with us. He likes reading weeklies to us. 在工作日，爸爸很忙。周末，他和我们呆在一起。他喜欢给我们读周刊。
The grandchildren go to visit their grandparents every other week. 孙子们每隔一周去探望他们的祖父母一次。
win 赢得，获胜
拓展:
win at 获胜
win away 争取过来
win over/round/out 战胜,胜过
win through 通过…获得…
win to 说服
win upon 吸引
例句:
John is so lucky, he always wins at cards. 约翰真幸运,他玩牌总是赢。
Our product is sure to win out over those of our competitors. 我们的产品肯定会优于我们对手的产品。
wind 风/蜿蜒前进，缠绕
拓展:
get wind of 得到风声
wind in 把…缠绕起来
wind one’s way 蜿蜒前行
wind through (使)贯穿其中
例句:
There was a strong wind blowing. 当时外面刮着大风。
The river winds its way through the valley. 这条河蜿蜒穿过山谷。
wipe 擦，消除
拓展:
wipe away 擦去/掉
wipe off 擦掉，去除
wipe…off 把…从…上擦掉
wipe out 消灭，彻底摧毁，去除
例句:
She wiped her tears away. 她擦掉了眼泪。
He wiped the sweat from his brow with his hands. 他用手擦去了额头的汗。
wise 明智的，聪明的
拓展:
be /get wise to 了解,知道
wise after the event 事后聪明
It is wise of sb. to do sth. 某人做某事真明智
例句:
A wise person is one who has much knowledge and the ability to use it well. 聪明人具有丰富的知识和善于运用这些知识的能力。
It is wise to keep more words in mind ahead of time to learn English well. 要学好英语，提前多背点单词是明智的。
wish 希望，祝愿
拓展:
wish (sb.) to do sth. 希望(某人)做某事
wish sb. sth. 祝愿某人…
did/were (表示与现在事实相反的愿望)
wish had done/been (表示与过去事实相反的愿望)
would/could/might＋动词原形 (表示与将来事实相反的愿望)
best wishes (to sb.) 最美好的祝愿、祝福（给某人）
例句:
Do you really wish me to go with you 你真的想要我和你一起去吗？
Many students wish the College Entrance Examination would be canceled. 许多学生希望可以取消高考。
辨析: wish vs. hope
wish 表示愿望，通常用于不太可能实现的事情；hope 表示希望，用于有可能实现的事情。
with 和…一起，跟…
拓展:
with sb./sth. doing sth. 伴随某人做某事/某事在进行
with sb./sth. done 伴随某人/某事被…
with sth. to do 有某事要做
with sb./sth. + a./ad./prep. phrase 伴随某种状态
例句:
He went out of the classroom with a book in his hand. 手里拿着一本书，他走出了教室。
With all the work finished, they hurried back home for lunch. 所有的工作都做完了，他们匆忙赶回家吃午饭。
wonder 想知道，纳闷
拓展:
(It's) no wonder (that ...) ……不足为奇，难怪
It's a wonder (that) ... 令人惊奇的是
in wonder 惊奇地
work wonders 创造奇迹
wonder at/about ... 对……感到惊奇
wonder if/whether＋从句 不知道是否…
串记:
I wonder if my agent can accompany me to watch the wonderful performance. 我想知道我的经纪人是否能够陪我一起去看这场精彩的表演。
No wonder you couldn't get through. You've left out a zero in this phone number. 难怪你打不通。你在这个电话号码中漏掉了一个零。
worry 担心，烦恼
拓展:
worry about/over 对…的担忧（担心）…
worry out 绞尽脑汁解决,绞尽脑汁想出
worry through 设法应付下去,熬过去,干完
串记:
Our headmaster is worried about these worrying naughty students. 我们的班主任总是很担心这些令人担心的调皮学生。
My biggest worry now is how we are going to pay for it. 我现在最大的烦恼是如何支付它的费用。
worth 值得的，相当于…的价值
拓展:
be worth＋some money 值多少钱
be (well) worth doing ……(非常)值得做(主动形式表被动意义)
例句:
His suggestion put forward at the conference is worth considering. 他在会议上提出的建议值得考虑。
The book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一读。
辨析: worth vs. worthy vs. worthwhile
worth 指价值；worthy 指值得尊敬或赞扬；worthwhile 指值得花时间或精力。
练习：
一、语法填空。
The _______ (develop) of artificial intelligence has brought both opportunities and challenges.
It is _______ (foolish) to judge a person by their appearance alone.
She was _______ (welcome) with open arms by her family.
The children were playing happily in the park, _______ (meanwhile) their parents were having a picnic.
I _______ (wonder) if you could help me with this problem.
The teacher _______ (warn) the students not to talk during the exam.
This book is well _______ (worth) reading.
Many people are _______ (worry) about the impact of climate change.
He was _______ (success) in his attempt to climb Mount Everest.
We need to find more _______ (waste) ways to use our resources.
二、单句改错。
She was very worried about her son that was lost.
His suggestion is worthy to be considered at the meeting.
With his hard working, he finally achieved his goal.
It's a waste of time to watch TV all day.
The view from the top of the mountain was wonderful.
I wish I can fly like a bird.
She wiped her tears away with a handkerchief.
He is a very wisely man.
We should make full use of time, otherwise it will go to waste.
He winned the first prize in the competition.
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
这个周末我们打算去海边玩。(weekend)
老师对我们很热情，就像对待自己的孩子一样。(welcoming)
尽管遇到了很多困难，但他始终没有放弃。(though)
她很担心她的考试成绩。(worried)
学习一门外语是一次非常值得的经历。(worthwhile)
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
看到孩子们玩得这么开心，我真希望自己也能年轻十岁。(wish)
成功的秘诀在于努力工作和坚持不懈。(successful)
他太浪费了，居然把没吃完的食物都扔掉了。(wasteful)
随着科技的发展，我们的生活变得越来越便利。(development)
她乐于助人，总是尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人。(willingness)
参考答案：
一、语法填空。
development (名词) 人工智能的发展
foolish (形容词) 根据外表判断一个人是愚蠢的。
welcomed (动词过去分词) 她受到了家人的热烈欢迎。
meanwhile (副词) 孩子们在公园里快乐地玩耍，同时他们的父母正在野餐。
wondered (动词过去式) 我想知道你是否可以帮我解决这个问题。
warned (动词过去式) 老师警告学生考试期间不要说话。
worth (形容词) 这本书很值得一读。
worried (形容词) 许多人担心气候变化的影响。
successful (形容词) 他成功地登上了珠穆朗玛峰。
wasteful (形容词) 我们需要找到更多不浪费资源的方法。
二、单句改错。
that → who/which (定语从句，先行词是 her son，指人，用 who 或 that)
worthy → worth (worthy 作表语时，需要加介词 of 才能接动名词)
working → work (hard work 是名词短语，不能用动词形式)
waste of → waste to (It is a waste of time/money to do sth. 做…是浪费时间/金钱)
wonderful → wonderfully (view 是名词，修饰名词用副词)
can → could (wish 后接 could 表示与现在情况相反的愿望)
√ (正确)
wisely → wise (修饰名词 man 用形容词)
√ (正确)
winned → won (win 的过去式和过去分词都是 won)
三、根据汉语提示完成句子，每空一词。
This weekend we are planning to go to the beach.
The teacher is very welcoming to us, just like her own children.
Though he encountered many difficulties, he never gave up.
She is worried about her exam results.
Learning a foreign language is a very worthwhile experience.
四、根据括号的要求翻译句子。
Seeing the children having so much fun, I wish I could be ten years younger.
The secret of success lies in hard work and perseverance.
He is so wasteful that he throws away all the food he doesn't finish.
With the development of technology, our lives have become more and more convenient.
She is willing to help others and always tries her best to help those in need.