人教版（2019）必修第二册Unit 5 Music 词汇讲解 课件(共50张PPT)

(共50张PPT)
Unit 5 Music
词
汇
讲
解
重难点词
精讲
prove
energy
soul
original
一词多义
熟词生义
搭配义
一词多义
辨析义
opportunity
搭配义
perform
一词多义
award
辨析义
[复数] 精力；力量 the effort and attention which you give to doing sth：
Now apply / devote / put the same thinking for reducing energy consumption from consumer electronics to the kitchen.
Parents should devote some of their energies to taking their kids into nature.
[U] 活力；干劲 the ability to be very active or do a lot of work without getting tired：
He felt bright, cheerful and full of energy.
[U] 能量；能源：
low-carbon / renewable energy
He has carried out extensive research into renewable energy sources.
词源解读：en- (in 在里面) + -erg (work 工作) + -y → 在里面工作产生的能 → 基本义“能量”
1. energy n.
能量（基本义）
精力；力量
活力；干劲
人身体具有的能量
做事情投入的能量
能量；能源
energy 语义网络图
太阳等的能量
辨析force, energy, strength, power
四者都有“力”“力量”之意，但具体意思不同。
force 指外力、强迫力、破坏力 (包括武力)；物理学中指“力”。
The force of the explosion shattered the windows of several buildings.
energy 指人的精力、活力；物理学中指“能量”。
Where does the little girl Kitty get her energy from
Traditional energy resources are non-renewable, which means that the world will eventually run out of them.
strength 指人体或物体内存在的力，如气力、耐力、抵抗力。
She was so weak that she didn’t even have the strength to stand up.
With all his strength, Roger successfully pulled him out and swam towards the surface.
power 指人的权力、势力、能力，物的“能力”。物理学中指“动力”“功率”。
Other presidential pets came to power in different times, and faced different challenges.
I will do everything in my power to help you.
energetic adj. 有活力的；精力旺盛的；充满活力的；需要能量的：
Like my wife said, it is very vibrated, energetic and lively place.
energetically adv. 精力充沛地；积极地
We will work energetically to develop the circular economy.
【词汇拓展】
Knowledge is the food of the soul. 知识是精神食粮。 ——柏拉图
2. soul
柏拉图（Plato，公元前427年—公元前347年），是古希腊伟大的哲学家，也是整个西方文化中最伟大的哲学家和思想家之一。
柏拉图和老师苏格拉底，学生亚里士多德并称为希腊三贤。
Plato (427 BC 347 BC) was one of the great philosophers of ancient Greece and one of the greatest philosophers and thinkers of all time in western culture. Plato and his teacher, Socrates, the student Aristotle, are known as the Greek wise men.
soul n. [C]
灵魂；心灵；精神：
They were praying for the souls of the dead.
A saying goes, “Knowledge is the food of the soul.”
精髓；中心人物：
But the soul of a book can be separated from its body.
人：
We had driven ten hours along the road but there was not a soul in sight.
2. opportunity
Opportunity knocks but once. 机会只有一次。（机不可失。）
词源故事
在轮船发明之前，人们航海时极其依赖海上的风。如果在归航时，风向恰好吹向港口，那就可以轻松地返航；如果风向不对，就得几经周折，甚至可能滞留海上无法回到港口。不过，风向恰好吹向港口的情况很少见，如果能够遇到实属幸运。
拉丁语中，水手们将归航时顺风称为 opportunus，由 ob-(toward 朝向)+ portus(port 港口)组成，字面意思是“风吹向港口”，由此产生了英语单词 opportune(恰好的)，后来又产生了英语单词opportunity(机会)。
opportunity
n [C] & [U] 机会；时机：
rare / golden / perfect opportunity
take / seize / use / provide / miss an opportunity (to do sth)
I had an opportunity to go to New York and study.
It is not often that you get such an opportunity to be an exchange student.
To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as we can.
This is an opportunity to enhance the reputation of the company.
There’ll be plenty of opportunity for relaxing / to relax once the work is done.
同义异构：chance
“A Buddism godness Guanyin Bodhisattva” is the Chinese national cultural heritage of mankind. It is ________ (perform) by disabled ________ (perform). The _________ (perform) moved the whole China.
3. perform & performance
performed
performers
performance
vt 做；履行；执行 to do sth, especially sth difficult or useful (carry out)：
perform an experiment / an operation / a miracle
Be an ordinary person, perform your duties / promise as a citizen.
vt & vi 表演；演出：
I’ve never seen a Shakespeare’s play performed live so wonderfully.
vi 表现；运转：
The adult chimpanzees and the college students performed almost the same, but the young chimpanzees performed much better.
The old machine is performing very poorly while the new one isn’t.
perform v
日常英语中更常用carry out
做
（基本义）
做；履行；执行
表演；演出
做演出之类的事情（人）
做事情
（人）
表现；运转
perform 语义网络图
人做事情 / 机器运作的结果
[C] 表演；演出：
Obviously, this can’t be done in a live performance.
They are going to give a performance of Hamlet.
[C] & [U] 表现；业绩：
My parents are always checking up on me because they hope I can have a better academic performance.
My good performance in the job interview left me optimistic about my future. 2014 安徽
Some of the students were criticized for poor performance.
performance n
performer n [C] 表演者；执行者
vt 证明；证实：
Riis believed that poverty caused crime, and he used photos to help him prove his point. 2008 陕西
① prove sth to sb:
Just give me a chance and I’ll prove it to you.
注：表示向某人证明某事时应该用 prove sth. to sb.，而不能用 prove sb sth。
② prove sb / sth (to be) + adj / n:
They put me in prison, but in the end, I was proved innocent.
He proved himself (to be) a better driver than the world champion.
4. prove v (proved, proved / proven)
③ prove + (that) / wh-从句：
Sarah wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. 2017 全国
This goal has proved to be a fun challenge and often leads to a number of hot leads for the New Year.
④ it is proved that:
It has been proved that the best way of solving food problem is to control the growth of population.
⑤ prove oneself (to sb):
I have to prove myself as a respectable, balanced person.
［用作系动词］证明是；被发现是 (turn out)：
① prove + adj / n:
The book written by the young writer has proved very successful.
② prove to be sth:
He studied very hard and proved to be an honest student.
5. award
奥斯卡金像奖（Oscars），又名美国电影艺术与科学学院奖(Academy Awards，中文简称学院奖)，是美国历史最为悠久、最具权威性和专业性的电影类奖项，也是全世界最具影响力的电影类奖项。
n. [C] 奖；奖金；奖品；奖状：
He got an award of $10,000 in the championship match.
win / get / gain / obtain / receive an award
He was given the Reputation institutes’ first ever Lifetime achievement award in 2006.
The award for this year’s best actress went to Emma Stone.
award
辨析 award, prize
award 指因某种突出的成就而由官方颁发的奖赏或荣誉，可以是“奖 (品)”、“奖状”、“奖金”等。award比reward更正式 to officially give sb a prize or money。
prize 指因在某方面作出巨大的贡献或在竞赛、比赛中胜出而获得的“奖赏”、“奖品”。
vt 授予；给予；判给：
award sb sth / award sth to sb:
A Nobel Prize was awarded to Tu Youyou in 2015.
The first prize was awarded to the youngest competitor.
The court awarded damages of $ 5,000 for the injury he suffered in the accident.
看图猜词
100%原创
the original sheet
原文件
the copied ones
复印件
original creation 原创作品
6. original
“first in time, earliest”（最初的；最早的），来自origin（起源、发源），引申义“原创的”。
original 词源解读
［只用于名词前］最初的； 原先的 first; earliest (before any changes or developments)：
Luckily Grade three had moved from its original place into another building.
［只用于名词前］原创的；原作的：
In a word, reading the original work is better than seeing the film based on it.
新颖的；创新的；独特的 new and interesting; different from others of its type：
That’s a new suggestion, not the original one.
n [C] 原文；原作；原稿：
If I knew German, I would read the book in the original.
originality n [U] 独创性；创造力
original 语义网络图
“最初的”事物
“最初的”作品
最初的；原先的
原创的；原作的
最初的
（基本义）
original
“最初的”见解、看法等
新颖的；创新的；独特的
词汇拓展
originally adv 起初；原来：
The vote date was originally set for tomorrow.
Originally, we had intended to go to Italy, but then we won the trip to Greece.
重难点词
精讲
cure
addition
搭配义
treat & treatment
一词多义
一词多义熟词生义
一词多义
搭配义
aim
set up
话题词汇：音乐
音译词
一词多义
隐喻
assume
英语释义
get through
一词多义
7. cure
美国医生爱德华 特鲁多的墓志铭：
To Cure Sometimes, 有时，去治愈；
To Relieve Often, 常常，去帮助；
To Comfort Always. 总是，去安慰。
1873年，25岁的特鲁多医生罹患结核病，只身来到人烟稀少的撒拉纳克湖畔等待死亡。远离城市喧嚣的他沉醉在对过去美好生活的回忆中，间或上山走走，打打猎，过着悠闲的日子。渐渐地，他惊奇地发现自己的身体在恢复，不久居然顺利地完成了未竟的学业，获得了博士学位。于是，特鲁多继续回到城市里行医。奇怪的是，每当他在城里住上一段时间，结核病就会复发，而一旦回到撒拉纳克湖地区，又会恢复体力和激情。1876年，特鲁多迁居到了荒野之地撒拉纳克湖畔。1884年，特鲁多用朋友捐赠的400多美元，创建了第一家专门的结核病疗养院“村舍疗养院”，在19世纪末期的美国，走在了结核病治疗和研究领域的前沿。特鲁多成了美国首位分离出结核杆菌的人。他创办了一所“结核病大学”，对病人生理和心理上的许多照料方法至今仍被沿用着。1915年，特鲁多死于结核病——毫无疑问，他比当时人们预计的要活得长得多。他被埋葬在撒拉纳克湖畔，墓碑上刻着的话，即是他一辈子行医生涯的座右铭。
治好 / 治愈（疾病）to make an illness or medical condition go away：
We could cure some illnesses by cloning skills.
治愈（病人）to make sb well again after he has been ill：
Ultimately, the doctors think that they have finally cured her of the strange disease..
纠正；矫正；消除（弊病等）：
Many bad habits had been harshly cured of.
cure vt
■ n [C]
疗法；药物：
It is possible that in the course of time a cure for cancer will be found.
治疗；痊愈：
I am greatly convinced that prevention is better than cure.
Even if you can’t get a complete cure, you’ll be well looked after.
对策：
Scientists around the world are working to discover a cure for AIDS.
cure 语义网络图
“治愈”疾病
“治愈”人
疗法；药物
治疗；痊愈
治愈
cure
基本义
“治愈”坏习惯等
对策
v
n
治好/治愈(疾病)
治愈（病人）
纠正；矫正；消除（弊病等）
8. aim
你的新学期小目标完成了吗？
aim 词源解读
aim动词的基本义是“to estimate, calculate（估算；计算）”，用眼睛来估算，即“瞄准” 。
aim v.
vt & vi (用……) 瞄准；(用……) 对准：
They’re aiming at training everybody by the end of the year.
Whenever you start a post, you need to know what you’re aiming for.
vi 力求达到 to try to do or achieve sth：
As someone has said, “The devil aims high.” (= tries to achieve a lot).
What sort of lifestyle are you aiming for
① aim to do sth:
It aims to create a fairer, more environmental world and make promises that will help the planet.
② be aimed at (doing) sth:
These measures are aimed at closing the gap between rich and poor.
vt [常用于被动语态] 针对：
aim sth at sb:
There’s a new programme aimed at teenagers’ behaviours.
aim n
[U] 瞄准：
He took aim at the bird, fired and missed it.
[C] 目标；目的 sth you intend to do; a purpose：
He studies very hard and eventually achieves / realises his aim.
Mary can’t miss her aim of becoming a pilot.
The aim of this meeting is to reduce air pollution.
take aim at 把目标对准……；把批评的矛头指向……
with the aim of 旨在；目的是
aimless adj 无目的的；没有目标的
aimlessly adv 没有目标地；无目的地
purpose, goal, target
表示“目的，目标”的词有哪些”
aim语义网络图
“瞄准”某物
“瞄准”某个结果
(用……) 瞄准；(用……) 对准
力求达到
瞄准
(基本义)
瞄准
目标；目的
v
n
9. set up
set up 由 set + up 组成：
set → 放
up → 向上
借助小品词 up 去理解 set up 的各义项。
首先思考：该短语如何理解和识记？
向上放
搭建；建起
建起；竖起；安装：
Such a big family. They set up camp fire and play guitar.
建立；设立；创立 (establish)：
If you set up a company in these areas, there’s a lot of room to grow.
安排：
Give me a call on Friday to set up a time, OK 2014 湖南
建起
（基本义）
set up语义网络图
“建起”物体
“建起”机构等
“建起”做事的顺序
建起；竖起；安装
建立；设立；创立
安排
含有up的短语动词
pick up
(捡起)
up
clean up
(打扫干净)
stand up (站起来)
speak up
(大声点说)
eat up
(吃光)
set up
(建起)
hurry up
(快点儿)
1. up表示“向上 / 向高处移动”：___________________________
2. up表示“（数量、程度等）增加 / 上升”：________________________
3. up表示“完结”“彻底”：_______________________
pick up, stand up, set up
hurry up, speak up
clean up, eat up
学习含有 up 的短语动词可以从 up入手，理解了 up 的各义项，有助于理解和记忆相关的短语动词。
10. assume vt
[正式用语] 担任；承担 (take)：
He was the first black person to assume the greatest office.
Whoever they appoint will assume responsibility for all financial matters.
假定；设想 to think that sth is true, although you have no proof：
It is reasonable to assume (that) the economy will continue to improve.
You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.
All permit issues will be assumed with the purchase of the home.
通过英语释义来理解
将下列句子译成英语。
我本以为他是法国人，但是实际上他是英国人。
I ______________ a Frenchman, but actually he was an Englishman.
thought he was
had assumed him to be
辨析assume, suppose
assume 假定；设想 to think that sth is true, although you have no proof
I just assume since they’re used in so many Italian dishes.
我只是假设，因为那么多意大利菜都用到它们。
suppose 认为；猜想 to think that sth is probably true, especially because of some information you have
The policy is perfectly clear and I see no reason to suppose that it isn’t working.
这项政策非常明了，我看不出有何理由认为它行不通。
suppose多用于书面语或正式语境中。
没有依据
有依据
词汇拓展
assuming conj 假设；假定：
Assuming (that) all LAN hardware is available, the next step is to install it.
assumption n [C] 假定；假设：
His views are grounded on the assumption that all people are equal.
[U] 加法；增加：
The sign “+” stands for addition.
Both light and temperature, with the addition of wind
speed and other factors, can influence panel output.
[C] 增加的人 / 物；附加物：
I love roses, and I think they make a beautiful addition to any garden.
in addition 另外；加之：
In addition, a nationwide “Clear Your Plate” action has been launched online.
in addition to 除……之外（还）：
In addition to these arrangements, extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight.
11. addition n
additional adj 附加的；另外的；追加的 (extra)
additionally adv 除此之外；此外 (in addition)
add + -tion
【温故add】
vt 增添；增加：
If the coffee is too lightly seasoned, add some more sugar.
Rude words, name-calling, and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire. 2012 浙江
vi & vt（使）相加：
Add 17 and 15 (together) to make 32.
vt 补充说：
“And don’t be late for the meeting,” she added.
add to 增加：
Colorful umbrellas add to a lively atmosphere in the summer streets.
add up 把……加起来；合计：
Please add up these figures immediately and tell me the answer.
add up to 合计达；结果是：
The three accounts add up to 65,000 yuan.
Remember: little steps add up to big dreams. 2011 天津
12. treatment
在欧美国家,每年万圣节期间孩子们晚上都会挨家挨户敲门，主人一开门他们就大声喊trick or treat。trick or treat是什么意思呢？节日本身赋予它的含义是“不给糖就捣乱”。treat在这个习语中意为“款待”。
treat vt
对待；看待：
Treat other people as you would like to be treated. —— 伊索
In fact, I respect you so much, I treat you as my employer.
招待；款待；请 (客)：
I will do my best to treat you with kindness and courtesy.
I can help you review that lesson, and you can treat me to a meal.
医治；治疗：
The expenses for treating her illness has took the family nearly 10,000 yuan.
(化学) 处理：
Shanghai is able to treat 90 percent of waste water.
基本义：对待
treat n. [C] 招待；款待；乐事：
I took my daughter to Mcdonald’s as a birthday treat.
A day in the countryside is a real treat for a city person.
treatment n.
[U] 对待；处理：
Getting ahead means getting access to fair / special treatment.
[C] & [U] 治疗；疗法：
Many patients are not getting the medical treatment they need / require.
The best treatment for / of a cold is to have a rest and have lots of boiling water.
treat 语义网络图
对待
基本义
“对待”某人或某物
对待；看待
“对待”客人朋友等
“对待”病人
用化学方式“对待”某物
招待；款待；请 (客)
医治；治疗
(化学)处理
v
n
招待；款待；乐事
treatment
对待；处理
治疗；疗法
根据get through的基本义写出下列句子或词块中get through的汉语释义。
It took him two year to get through driving test and have a license.
Julia failed to get through her mid-term exam.
Thousands of refugees will die if these supplies don’t get through to them.
I think you can get through the first two chapters.
When you talked with daddy about his illness in the hospital, you said, “if we can get through this, we can get through anything!”
I tried phoning her office several times, but I couldn’t get through.
13. get through
通过
通过
完成
到达
熬过 / 渡过
打通
短语动词get through中get意为“使”，through意为“通过”，get through 的基本义是“(使) 通过”。
(使) 通过
（基本义）
get through 语义网络图
通过考试
(使) 物品通过到某人手上
(使) 电话线网络通过
通过
到达
接通 / 打通
(使) 通过工作
完成
(使) 通过困难时期
(使) 渡过 / 熬过
音译词
1. 嘻哈 ________ 2. 罗曼蒂克 ________ 3. 引擎 ________ 4. 酷 ________
5. 粉丝 ________ 6. 拷贝________ 7. 派对 ________ 8. 休克 ________
9. 脱口秀 ________ 10. 摩登 ________ 11. 车厘子________ 12. 博客________
hip-hop
1. Internet ________ 2. mini ________ 3. guitar ________ 4. Cola ________
5. ballet _____ 6. marathon _______ 7. Band-Aid ____________ 8. dozen ____
9. jazz ________ 10. shark ________ 11. pick-up ________ 12. salad ________
有些英语词汇，汉语中没有与之对应的词，翻译时会借用中文谐音来翻译。掌握这一英汉翻译思维，便于学习时理解和记忆单词。
romantic
engine
cool
fans
copy
party
shock
talk show
modern
cherries
blog
因特网
迷你
吉他
可乐
芭蕾
马拉松
邦迪 / 创可贴
打
爵士
鲨鱼
皮卡
沙拉
汉译英
英译汉
说出下列句子中划线单词精准的汉语释义。
trap
1. The rabbit’s leg was caught in the trap.
2. I didn’t take the money with me, because I was worried it might be a trap.
impact
1. The impact of the crash threw the passengers out of their seats.
2. Internet’s impact on the way we do business has been remarkable.
cure
1. The treatment cured her of cancer.
2. The local government has taken effective measures to cure unemployment.
（捕鸟兽的）陷阱（具体）
隐喻 metaphor
（陷害人的）圈套（比喻）
冲击力（具体）
影响（比喻）
治愈（具体）
解决（比喻）
英语中的 metaphor（隐喻）来源于希腊语 metaphora，该词由 meta- (over) 和 pherein (to carry) 合成，合起来意思是 to carry over（拿过来）。因此，隐喻的本质是用一种事物来理解另一种事物，并且多是参照熟悉的、有形的、具体的事物来认识和表达无形的、抽象的事物。隐喻是一种思维方式，无处不在，它是多义词产生词义的主要理据。建立隐喻思维能更好地理解和掌握由基本义到衍生义这一思维。
隐喻 metaphor
必修一、二册中的典型词
单词 基本义 比喻义
source (B1U2) 源头；发源地 来源
slim (B1U3) 苗条的 微小的；不足的
strength (B1U3) 体力；力气 实力
track (B1U3) 足迹 铁轨；跑道
struggle (B1U5) （与某人） 搏斗 斗争；奋斗
gap (B1U5) 缺口 间隔；差距；分歧
balance (B2U1) 天平 平衡；均衡
pressure (B2U2) （物理学）压力；压强 （精神上的、外界施加的）压力
stream (B2U3) 小溪；小河 （人 / 车）流
approach (B2U4) 通道；道路 （处理……的）方法；（达到……的）途径
话题词汇：音乐
music
Types
Musical
Instruments
Places
People
Performance
blues, classical, disco, folk, jazz, opera, pop, hip-hop, rap, rock, symphony, traditional, country music, ballet, electronic music, heavy metal music, R&B, rock and roll, soul
concert hall, opera house, stadium, stage
street, studio, theater
album, composition, concert, harmony, lyrics, melody, note, record, release (发布会), song, tune
beat, compose, conduct, listen to, perform, play, practice, record, *release, sing, write
Wind Instruments: bagpipe, flute, trumpet, saxophone
Percussion Instruments: drum
Stringed Instruments: guitar, violin
Keyboard Instruments: piano
artist, audience, band, boy / girl band, (virtual) choir, chorus, composer, conductor, DJ, drummer, fan, guitarist, musician, performer, pianist,
rapper, singer, singer-songwriter, violinist
live
谢
谢
观
赏