牛津译林版（2019）必修第三册《Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world》2024年同步练习卷
一、填空题
1．His duty as a （politics） was to represent the interests of the working class.
2．If the weather keeps raining，the sports meet will have to （postpone）again.
3． （Devoted\Being devoted）to the research work，he has no time to look after his children.
4． （compare） with the old one，the new building looks more beautiful．
5．They don't permit （talk） loudly in the library.
6．Any medicine （take）without the advice of a doctor can cause trouble.
7． （approach） in the dark，the lights looked lonely and purposeless.
8．I can never find a （good） place for a birthday party.
二、阅读理解
9．Jane Goodall is best known for her 26﹣year study of the chimps in the wild.There，she made several revolutionary discoveries that made her one of the greatest field scientists of the 20th century.
Born in London in 1934，the expectations for Jane were standard for the time：a marriage to a nice man，followed by a few children.Fortunately（幼虫）to bed；rather than screaming，and together，they took them back to the garden.
Jane was a bookworm who admired Doctor Dolittle and loved the Tarzan novels.Reading did its usually quiet but life﹣changing thing：Jane developed a dream to go to Africa and live among the wild animals.
Jane realized her dream on July 14，1960 when she arrived at Gombe Stream Game Reserve to study the chimps.However，for two months，running away from her.
"The more I thought of the task I had set myself，the more discouraged I became，" Jane wrote in her first book
Eventually，she became familiar with a male chimp and his big family.She observed them kiss，hug，and shake their fingers at each other.She watched them act very human﹣like.
One day，moving quietly through the jungle，Jane saw the male chimp sit beside a large termite mound （白蚁土堆）
In any case，Jane's discovery became the talk of the scientific world.Harvard's Stephen Jay Gould observed， "We must now re﹣think what the words 'tool' and 'man' mean or accept chimps as humans."
（1）What did Jane's mother do when she found the worms on the bed？
A．She studied them carefully.
B．She shouted at her daughter.
C．She threw them into the garden.
D．She explained they liked the soil.
（2）Which is the major reason that made Jane dream to work in the wild？
A．Doctor Dolittle's invitation.
B．Her interest in chimps.
C．The reading in her childhood.
D．Her mother's encouragement.
（3）How did Jane feel during the first two months in Africa？
A．Lonely.
B．Frightened.
C．Hopeless.
D．Content.
（4）What did Stephen Jay Gould's words imply？
A．Chimps should be accepted as humans.
B．Jane's discovery is of great importance.
C．Only human beings know how to make use of tools.
D．The scientists should confirm the meaning of the words.
三、选词填空
10．短语填空
by accident；far from；in favour of
（1） charging consumers high prices，many of these services are free of charge.
（2）A clear majority of judges were that intelligent robot.
（3）The delivery of household appliances is .
（4）You should be aware that success is not something that happens .
四、语法填空
11．Dian Fossey was an American zoologist who devoted 20 years of her life（1） the study and protection of Africa's rare and endangered mountain gorillas．She received instruction in fieldwork from chimp specialist Jane Goodall，and began（2） （watch） and recording the behavior of mountain gorillas．Her work took her to Zaire and then to Rwanda，（3） she founded the Karisoke Research Center．After years of（4） （patience） observation，the gorillas came to know and trust her，and she found that she could sit among the gorillas and even play（5） （happy） with their young．
In 1980 ，she attended the University of Cambridge．Afterwards she took up（6） teaching job at Cornell University in New York，where she wrote a book（7） （call） Gorillas in the Mist about her experiences in Rwanda．In 1984 ，she returned to the Karisoke Research Center（8） （continue） her fieldwork．
When her favorite gorilla（9） （kill） by poachers，Fossey started a campaign against poaching．
She raised worldwide awareness about the endangered mountain gorillas，and the animals are now protected by the government of Rwanda and some international（10） （organize），including the Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund．
五、单词拼写
12．In our country，everyone has rights and （自由） to express his or her thoughts and ideas．
13．Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence （得到回报）.
14．We finished later than we （打算，计划）.
15．The car accident investigator is charged with being one﹣sided and （偏袒，有利于）the offender.
16． （涂抹）the cream to your face and neck.
六、词性转换
17．The young scientist encountered many difficulties during his （explore）.
18．wisdom n.智慧，知识，学问→ adj.明智的；聪明的→ adv.聪明地
19． n．责任，职责→ adj．负责的
20．We cannot afford to （ignorance）their advice.
21．They are incapable of thinking （intelligent）about politics.
22．They were good friends but there was no romantic （involve）.
23．I wasn't expecting you to do it for （freedom）.
24．She's a woman of unusual （intelligent）.
25．There is so much （ignorant）about this deadly illness.
26．In the course of （evolve），some birds have lost the power of flight.
27．Standards of （moral）seem to be dropping.
七、翻译题
28．authority n.权威，权力；官方
①当权者
②拥有……的主权
③有权做某事
④在某人的授权下
⑤未经某人的许可
⑥根据……所授的权力；得到……的许可
29． 高度评价
牛津译林版（2019）必修第三册《Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world》2024年同步练习卷
参考答案与试题解析
一、填空题
1．【解答】答案：politician.介词后接名词作宾语，不定冠词a后接单数可数名词。
2．【解答】答案：be postponed.the meet与postpone之间是动宾关系。故填：be 。
3．【解答】句意：致力于研究工作，他没有时间照顾孩子，去掉be动词用过去分词作状语。
故填：Devoted。
4．【解答】答案：Compared
考查过去分词．分析句子结构可知，因为所给的动词compare与其逻辑主语he是被动关系，compare的过去分词是compared with …意为"与…相比"．
5．【解答】答案：talking.根据句意：他们不允许在图书馆大声说话。以及提示单词空格处缺少"说话"，允许做某事。故填talking。
6．【解答】结合句意：任何未经医生建议而服用的药物都可能引起麻烦。taken为过去分词。故填taken。
7．【解答】结合句意：在黑暗中走近时。那些电灯显得孤单而无意义 作伴随状语。故填Approached。
8．【解答】句意：我再也找不到比这更好的地方来举办生日聚会了。根据句意和结构可知这句话使用否定词never和形容词比较级搭配。
故填：better。
二、阅读理解
9．【解答】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第二段中"Once mother that Jane brought a of bed than ，she that new friends the to ，and ，they them to garden.（有一次；她没有尖叫，她的新的小朋友'需要土壤来存活。）"可知，她解释说它们喜欢土壤。
（2）C.细节理解题。根据第三段中"Reading its quiet life﹣changing developed a to to and among wild ，阅读往往是平静却能改变生活的，和野生动物生活在一起，简梦想在野外工作的主要原因是她童年时代的阅读。
（3）C.推理判断题。根据第五段中"'The I thought the I had myself more I became，' wrote her book..."可知，我就越泄气，简在非洲的头两个月感觉很绝望。
（4）B.推理判断题。根据最后一段中最后一句"'We now what words and mean accept as ，哈佛大学的Stephen Gould说："我们现在必须重新思考'工具'和'人'的含义。"由此推断出 Jay 。故选B。
三、选词填空
10．【解答】（1）Far from.考查固定搭配，而不是向消费者收取高昂的价格 from远非"，开头字母要大写 from。
（2）in favour 。根据句意"显然大多数裁判员都支持那个智能机器人 favour ，作表语 favour 。
（3）free of 。根据句意家用电器的送货是免费的 of ，作表语 of 。
（4）by accident.考查固定搭配。"可知要填的词为"by ，作状语 accident。
四、语法填空
11．【解答】（1）to．考查介词，她用了20年的时间研究和保护非洲珍稀濒危的山地大猩猩，固定搭配，后面接名词或代词等．
（2）watching．考查动名词，并开始观察和记录山地大猩猩的行为，当谈及一项长期活动或开始一种习惯时，本句中观察和记录山地大猩猩的行为是一项长期的活动，故填watching．
（3）where．考查定语从句，她先去了扎伊尔，在那里她建立了卡里索克研究中心，连接词指代先行词Rwanda在从句中作地点状语，故填where．
（4）patient．考查形容词，大猩猩们开始了解并信任她，甚至可以快乐地和它们的幼崽玩耍，应用所给词的形容词patient"耐心的"．
（5）happily．考查副词，大猩猩们开始了解并信任她，甚至可以快乐地和它们的幼崽玩耍，应用副词happily"快乐地"．
（6）a．考查冠词，她就读于剑桥大学，在那里她写了一本书，讲述了她在卢旺达的经历，可数名词，故填a．
（7）called．考查过去分词，她就读于剑桥大学，在那里她写了一本书，讲述了她在卢旺达的经历，此处应为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词book，与book之间为动宾关系，故填called．
（8）to continue．考查不定式，她回到卡里索克研究中心继续她的实地调查，此处在句子中作目的状语，故填to continue．
（9）was killed．考查被动语态，福西开始了一场反对偷猎的运动，从句中应用一般过去时 favorite ，与动词kill之间为被动关系，故填was killed．
（10）organizations．考查名词的数，这些动物现在受到卢旺达政府和一些国际组织的保护．空格前有形容词international修饰，some修饰可数名词的复数形式．
五、单词拼写
12．【解答】答案：freedom．考查翻译填空，要填入名词，后接名词宾语．
13．【解答】答案：paid off.根据中文意思"得到回报"，使用动词短语pay off。
故答案为：paid off.
14．【解答】答案：intended.根据汉语提示"打算，计划"和空前的主语we可知，"打算，时态与主句的finished保持一致。
15．【解答】根据题意，"偏袒，其中"with"为介词，该动词要用动名词的形式。
故填：favouring。
16．【解答】答案：Apply.根据中文意思可知使用动词短语apply…to…"把…涂到…"，句子是祈使句。
故答案为：Apply.
六、词性转换
17．【解答】答案：exploration.形容词性物主代词his后应用名词，这里特指他的探索，故填：exploration。
18．【解答】答案：wise；wisely.例如：Learned men are not necessarily wise.博学者未必都是聪明的。
They've invested their wisely.他们明智地把钱做了投资。
故填：wise；wisely.
19．【解答】答案是responsibility；responsible；responsibility n，职责 on） responsibility 承担责任．妻子仍然对孩子承担大部分责任 adj；be responsible for 对……负责的？谁应该对这种混乱负责？
20．【解答】句意：我们不能忽视他们的建议。根据句意和所给单词可知横线处使用动词ignore意为"忽视"。
故填：ignore。
21．【解答】分析句子成分可知，设空处需用intelligent"聪明的"副词形式intelligently。
故填：intelligently。
22．【解答】句意：他们是非常要好的朋友，却没有任何暧昧关系；恋爱"
故填：involvement。
23．【解答】"for free"为固定搭配，意为"免费"。
故填：free。
24．【解答】答案：intelligence.介词后接名词作宾语；intelligence是不可数名词。
25．【解答】ignorant"无知的"，形容词，much修饰不可数名词，表示"无知"。
故填：ignorance。
26．【解答】答案：evolution.介词of后要用名词，evolution"进化"，故填：evolution。
27．【解答】moral"道德的"，standard of morality道德标准。
故填：morality。
七、翻译题
28．【解答】①people in positions of authority当权者；例：Most of them involve vehicles of people in positions of authority or privilege.大多数撞车事件涉及官员或权威人物的车辆。
②have authority over sth.拥有……的主权；例：She now has authority over the people who used to be her bosses.她现在管辖着过去是她上司的那些人。
③have the authority to do sth.有权做某事；例：Only the manager has the authority to sign cheques.只有经理才有权签支票。
④under the authority of sth.在某人的授权下；例：We acted under the authority of the UN.我们是经联合国授权行动的。
⑤without one's authority未经某人的许可；例：It was done without the principal's authority.做这件事未经校长批准。
⑥by the authority of根据……所授的权力；得到……的许可。
故填：①people in positions of authority ②have authority over sth. ③have the authority to do sth. ④under the authority of sth. ⑤without one's authority ⑥by the authority of。
29．【解答】答案：think highly of.例如：He think highly your 。故填：think highly of。牛津译林版（2019）必修第三册《Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Section B》2024年同步练习卷
一、填空题
1．Do you know how many （province）are there in China in total？
2．Where do you intend （go） this summer vacation？
3．Tell the boys （play） there not to make so much noise．
4．I live in the house with its door （face） south.
5．The presents （receive）on my birthday moved me a lot.
二、选词填空
6．by accident；in favour of；show off；hand in
（1）Mike was trying to his talent by decorating the kitchen wall with his colour pencils.
（2）As one would expect，his writing is mostly clear and，to be fair above the rest.
（3）Apart from your wonderful innovation，you need to a report，which explains how the idea occurs to you.
（4）We are all spending whatever is necessary to reduce air pollution.
（5）I found my lost necklace when I was cleaning the room.
三、语法填空
7．World﹣famous physicist Stephen Hawking has died at the age of 76.He died（1） （peaceful）at his home in Cambridge in the early （2） （hour） of Wednesday.
Hawking was known（3） the public for his work with black holes and relativity，and wrote several popular science books including A Brief History of Time.At the age of 22，Prof Hawking（4） （give）only a few years to live after doctors declared that he suffered from a rare disease.The illness left him in a wheelchair and he was（5） （able）to speak except through a voice synthesizer（合成器）.
Prof Hawking was the first（6） （set）out a theory of cosmology（宇宙学）explained by a union of the general theory of relativity and quantum mechanics.He also discovered that black holes（7） （leak）energy and fade to nothing﹣a phenomenon that would（8） （late） become known as Hawking radiation.Through his work with mathematician Sir Roger Penrose，he proved that Einstein's general theory of relativity suggests space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and（9） end in black holes.
In a statement his children praised his "courage and persistence" and said his "brilliance and humour" inspired people across the world.They added， "He once said，'It would not be much of a universe（10） it wasn't home to the people you love.' We will miss him forever."
四、单词拼写
8．In order to i my view，I will tell a short story.
9．What the bird in the cage really needs is f .
10．We are doing our best with the （有限的）money to make life better．
11．He had intended to go to Beijing today，but he （延迟）the trip when he heard that there would be a downpour at noon.
12．Limited by experiment devices，we should have the machine on （实验，试用）for another week.
13．The discussion was taken up when enough （数据） had been collected.
14．Perhaps the next generation of scientists， （汲取智慧）of traditional Chinese medicine，will indeed discover more medicines b to global health care.
五、词性转换
15．国籍，民族（n） ；国家的，民族的（adj）
16． vt．& vi．允许，准许n．许可证→ n．许可
17．They issued a （declare）at the close of the talks.
六、完成句子
18．达尔文最终提出了一套生物进化的理论模式。
Darwin eventually a model of .
19．这给了我一个关于问题根源的线索。
This gave me the source of the problem.
20． ，he jumped with joy.
听到这个消息，他欣喜若狂。
21．我不喜欢他用那种方式嘲笑网迷。（way that/in which）
I don't like .
七、翻译题
22．路上到处是落叶。（过去分词做定语）
23．他离开英格兰，打算去非洲旅行。（with the intention of）
牛津译林版（2019）必修第三册《Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Section B》2024年同步练习卷
参考答案与试题解析
一、填空题
1．【解答】province"省"，其前有how 。
故填：provinces。
2．【解答】答案：to go.根据句意：今年暑假你打算去哪里？以及提示单词空格处缺少"打算去"，故填to go。
3．【解答】答案：playing.boys与play之间是主谓关系，用现在分词短语作后置定语
4．【解答】答案：facing.此处是"with+宾语+宾语补足语"复合结构，door与face之间是主谓关系。故填：facing.
5．【解答】答案：received.分析可知，此处应填非谓语形式作定语，故要用过去分词作定语。
二、选词填空
6．【解答】（1）show off.考查动词短语的不定式形式。"可知要填的词为"show ，try to do sth.尽力做某事，所以用动词原形 off。
（2）stand out.考查动词短语作谓语，他的写作基本上是清晰的，有些章节比其他章节更突出 out突出"，可知描述现状，主语为复数名词 out。
（3）hand in.考查动词短语的不定式形式，你还需要提交一份报告。"可知要填的词为"hand ，need to do sth.需要做某事，所以用动词原形 in。
（4）in favour 。根据句意"我们都赞成花一切必要的钱来减少空气污染 favour ，介词短语作表语 favour 。
（5）by accident.考查介词短语。"可知要填的词为"by ，介词短语作状语 accident。
三、语法填空
7．【解答】（1）peacefully.考查副词。句意：他于周三凌晨在剑桥的家中安详去世，故用副词修饰谓语动词。
（2）hours.考查名词的数。句意：他于周三凌晨在剑桥的家中安详去世，hour为可数名词，故填hours。
（3）to.考查介词。句意：霍金以他对黑洞和相对论的研究而闻名于世，包括《时间简史》，使用介词to。
（4）was given.考查时态语态。句意：在医生宣布霍金患有一种罕见疾病后。根据表示过去的时间状语"At the age of 22"可知此处要用一般过去时，故用被动语态。
（5）unable.考查形容词。句意：疾病让他坐在轮椅上，他无法说话，空处要填形容词，故用able的反义词unable。
（6）to set.考查不定式。句意：霍金教授是第一个提出宇宙学理论的人。空处是非谓语动词作后置定语，故填to set。
（7）leak.考查时态。句意：他还发现，并逐渐消失﹣﹣这种现象后来被称为霍金辐射，但宾语从句叙述的是客观事实，故填leak。
（8）later.考查副词。句意：他还发现，并逐渐消失﹣﹣这种现象后来被称为霍金辐射，所以用副词later。
（9）an.考查冠词。句意：通过与数学家罗杰 彭罗斯爵士的合作，在黑洞中结束，end是以元音音素开头的。
（10）if.考查连词。句意：如果不是你所爱的人的家。根据语境可知，表示"如果"。
四、单词拼写
8．【解答】答案：illustrate.in order to后应填动词原形，结合句意及首字母可知，解释"符合题意。
9．【解答】答案：freedom.根据句意：笼子里的鸟真正需要的是自由。及首字母提示此空格处缺少"自由"的意思在句子中作表语，其英语释义是"freedom"。
10．【解答】答案：limited．考查翻译填空，要填入limited．
11．【解答】答案：postponed.根据后面的when he 。故填postponed。
12．【解答】根据括号内词义，"实验，on trial在试验中，是固定搭配。
故填：trial。
13．【解答】答案：data.根据题意，讨论是在收集到足够的数据后进行的。enough后接名词。故填data。
14．【解答】答案：drawing on the wisdom；beneficial.根据题意；"智慧"可以翻译成"wisdom"。故填drawing on the wisdom。
五、词性转换
15．【解答】答案：nationality；national.例如：She has dual nationality.她有双重国籍。
These ancient buildings are part of the national heritage.这些古建是民族遗产的一部分。
故填：nationality；national。
16．【解答】答案：permit；permission．例如：You can't work here without a work permit．T
hey entered the area without permission．他们未经许可擅入该地．
17．【解答】分析句子结构，设空处位于不定冠词a之后，声明"名词形式declaration。
故填：declaration。
六、完成句子
18．【解答】根据句意可知，本句用一般过去时，可以译为"put ；第二空表达"生物进化的理论"。
故填：put forward evolution。
19．【解答】根据句意可知，空格处应该表达"一个关于...的线索" clue to sth"。
故填：a clue to。
20．【解答】答案：Hearing the news.动词hear表示"听到"；分析句子可知，he与hear之间是主动关系。
故答案为Hearing the news。
21．【解答】根据题意，"那种方式"可以翻译成"the way"；"网迷"可以翻译成"the Internet addicts"。
故填：the way that/in 。
七、翻译题
22．【解答】答案：The road covered fallen ，"落叶"可以翻译成"fallen leaves"，其中主语是the road，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式was.故填The was with leaves.
23．【解答】答案：He left with intention travelling Africa.根据题意；"去非洲旅行"可以翻译成"travelling in Africa" left with intention travelling Africa.牛津译林版（2019）必修第三册《Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Section A》2024年同步练习卷
一、填空题
1．Lots of resources have been devoted to （prove）him a liar.
2． （leave）alone in the large house，the little boy had to learn to survive by himself.
3．I have a meeting （attend） this afternoon．
4．When I came back to my hometown ten years later，I found it completely （change）．
二、选词填空
5．
by accident，take part in，with a bang，catch the attention of，be well known for，hand in，look forward to
（1）If you English，you'll learn English fast.
（2）I'm hearing from you soon.
（3）Jiuzhaigou its beautiful lakes，of which the water is clear and looks beautiful.
（4）All the exercise books must be before you leave school.
（5）Indoor tennis courts，soccer fields and rock climbing centers permit people to these sports in all seasons.
（6）His name will live as one of the greatest writers of all time.
（7）I found the key when I was cleaning the room.
（8）To many students' surprise，their survey central authorities.
（9）The party really went off .
（10）It was obvious that much of what they recorded was .
三、语法填空
6．Once a young man was passing by a street where he saw an old man sitting by the roadside （1） （beg） for money．That old man was sitting there with （2） empty bowl in front of him，and a cardboard sign was put up beside the bowl．There was a sentence （3） （write） on the cardboard： "Blind﹣Please help!"
The young man felt very bad that no one planned （4） （give） him any money．So he went to the old man and took his cardboard in his hand．He then took a thick marker pen out of his pocket and re﹣wrote the sign without hesitation and then left．The old man noticed that someone was writing something （5） （differ） on the board but didn't say anything．
Just in a few minutes，that empty bowl （6） （fill） with money．The old man noticed that and stopped a stranger and asked him （7） was on that cardboard．The stranger replied， "It says， 'It's a beautiful day．You can see it．I cannot．'" Our （8） （choose） of words and language can create positive or negative effects （9） others．If we choose the right words，then we can （10） （true） connect with people and change their views．
四、单词拼写
7．Don't worry.It won't be （不久之后）the plane arrives.It is （晚点）due to the weather.
8．Smoking is often referred to No.1 killer of human health.
9．I like to surround myself beautiful things.
10．The scientist （下决心做）the research into the causes of cancer.
11．We will invite Ms Chen to our school to give us a （讲座）on the history of Chinese literature.
12．It was so hot that we had to have the （电动的） fan on all day long.
13．Please bring a torch in case there is no （电）in the house.
14．ZhugeLiang is the symbol of in China.（智慧）
15．The new technology was a to farming.
16．Do you have enough to cover all you （家庭的） expenses？
17．How many vehicles were （牵涉）in the crash？
18．It is one of the great unsolved （神秘的事物）of this century.
19．He has put f new peace proposals.
20．Exactly which （细菌） cause the infection is still unknown.
21．The d of qinghaosu enabled malaria patients to survive.
22．A few minutes later the （炸弹）went off，destroying the vehicle.
23．Why is it so important for girls and women to be i in science？
24．I just took it for g that he'd always be around.
25．His proposal won a （广泛的） support both at home and abroad.
26．Not all of you have the complete （自由）to do as you wish.
27．It shows that she is intelligent and reliable enough to be in （掌管）.
28．Fire drills will be （组织） in your school every semester.
29．The manager is well respected，because he has a strong sense of toward his team.（责任感）
30．The nation was urged to pull together to avoid a slide complete chaos.
五、词性转换
31．The （injury） man was sent to hospital immediately．
32．There is considerable （uncertain）about the company's future.
六、完成句子
33． ，he won the first place in this race.
其他的运动员紧随其后，他在这次比赛中获得第一名。
34．延迟兴建新医院的决定是不得人心的。（postpone）
It was an unpopular decision the new hospital.
七、翻译题
35． 被认为；被视为
36．1935年赴美深造，冯 卡门（Von Karman）高度赞誉他。（被动语态）
37．当问到未来的计划时，这个女孩说她想成为一名教师。（翻译句子，要含有动词﹣ed）
38．参观者请勿拍照。（permit sb.to do sth.）
39．昨天举行的会议非常重要。（过去分词做后置定语）
牛津译林版（2019）必修第三册《Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Section A》2024年同步练习卷
参考答案与试题解析
一、填空题
1．【解答】答案：proving.分析句子可知，句子使用了"devote....to（doing）sth"，to是介词。
故填：proving。
2．【解答】句意：这个小男孩被单独留在那所大房子里，不得不学会独自生存，the little boy和leave是被动关系。
故填：Left。
3．【解答】答案：to attend.have sth.to do有某事要做 attend.
4．【解答】答案：changed．考查单词填空，要填入动词，要用动词过去分词作宾语补足语．
二、选词填空
5．【解答】（1）take an in.考查固定短语辨析，你就会很快学好英语，用固定短语take interest ，和主句时态呼应，用一般现在时态 an in。
（2）looking forward 。句意：我期待着很快收到你的来信，用固定短语look to，用现在分词构成现在进行时 forward 。
（3）is well for.考查固定短语辨析，湖水清澈。根据句意可知表示"以......而闻名" well for，故填is known 。
（4）handed in.考查动词短语辨析，所有的练习本都必须交上来，用固定短语hand ，和主语All exercise ，must ，故填handed 。
（5）take part 。句意：室内网球场。根据句意可知表示"参加" part ，permit ，用动词不定式，故填take in。
（6）in history.考查介词短语辨析。根据句意可知表示"有史以来，用固定短语in ，故填in 。
（7）by accident.考查介词短语辨析。根据句意可知表示"偶然" accident accident。
（8）caught the of.考查短语辨析，他们的调查引起了中央政府的注意，用固定短语catch attention ，说明过去的动作，故填caught attention 。
（9）with a bang.考查介词短语辨析。根据句意可知表示"非常成功地" a bang a bang。
（10）far from truth.考查固定短语辨析，他们记录的大部分内容与事实相去甚远，用固定短语far the ，故填far the 。
三、语法填空
6．【解答】1．begging，see sb ，故填begging作宾补．
2．an，泛指一个，empty是以元音开头的．
4．written，sentence和write之间是被动关系，故填written．
4．to ，考查不定式，故填to give．
5．different ，作定语修饰不定代词，故填different．
4．was ，考查时态语态，所以用一般过去时态，所以用被动语态．
7．what，在从句中作主语，故填what引导．
8．choice，作主语，故填choice．
5．on，表示"对…的影响"．
10．truly，修饰动词，故填truly．
四、单词拼写
7．【解答】答案：long before；behind schedule.long before不久之后。故填：long before
8．【解答】根据句意和所给部分可知这句话使用短语be referred to as意为"被认为是"。故填as。
9．【解答】句意：我喜欢用美丽的东西包围自己。由句子结构可知此处构成固定短语surround oneself with "用...包围"。
故填：with。
10．【解答】答案：is bent on.be bent on专心致志于；决心要，要用一般现在时，be动词用is.故填：is bent on.
11．【解答】讲座"lecture"名词，根据前边的不定冠词a可知。
故填：lecture。
12．【解答】答案：electric.根据题意，"电动的"可以翻译成"electric"，形容词修饰名词。
13．【解答】答案：electricity.根据题意，"电"可以翻译成"electricity"。故填electricity。
14．【解答】答案：wisdom.智慧wisdom；介词of后用名词，所以用原形。
15．【解答】答案：applied.句子使用be applied to"被应用于"，为固定搭配。
故答案为：applied.
16．【解答】答案：household.根据题意，你有足够的钱来支付你所有的家庭费用吗，其中expenses为名词。故填household。
17．【解答】根据括号内词义，"牵涉"可译为involve；与 ...有关联。
故填：involved。
18．【解答】根据题意，"神秘的事物"可以翻译成"mystery"。
故填：mysteries。
19．【解答】分析句子可知，该空处位于谓语动词put之后。结合句意及首字母提示可知，要用固定短语put forward。
20．【解答】答案：bacteria.根据题意，"细菌"可以翻译成"bacterium"，其中谓语动词为复数形式cause。故填bacteria。
21．【解答】答案：discovery.根据句意：青蒿素的发现使疟疾患者得以生存。及首字母提示此空格处缺少"发现"的意思在句子中作主语，其英语释义是"discovery"。
22．【解答】答案：bomb.句中缺少主语，用名词作主语，根据语境要用单数形式。
23．【解答】答案：involved.根据题意，本题考查固定搭配。故填involved。
24．【解答】根据句意，我只是想当然地认为他总是在我身边，考虑想当然地"granted"。
故填：granted。
25．【解答】答案：broad。分析句子可知，此处修饰名词support所以用"广泛的"形容词。
故答案为：broad。
26．【解答】答案：freedom.分析句子可知，此处作动词have的宾语，故用名词freedom表示"自由"作宾语，故用原形。
故答案为freedom。
27．【解答】根据题意，"掌管"可以翻译成"charge"，为固定搭配。
故填：charge。
28．【解答】答案：organized.Fire drills与organize之间是动宾关系。故填：organized。
29．【解答】答案：responsibility。根据句意"责任感"为"a of responsibility"。
故答案为：responsibility。
30．【解答】句意：该国家敦促全国团结一致，避免陷入完全混乱，译为"陷入"。
故填：into。
五、词性转换
31．【解答】答案：injured.形容词作定语修饰名词man。故填injured.
32．【解答】答案：uncertainty.根据句意并结合空前的形容词considerable（相当大的）和空后的介词about可知，此处应使用名词形式，其名词形式是uncertainty。
故填：uncertainty。
六、完成句子
33．【解答】答案：Followed by the athletes .分析句子可知本句的主语he与动词follow之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词在句中做状语
34．【解答】答案：to postpone building。decision后面一般接不定式作后置定语，后接动名词作宾语。
七、翻译题
35．【解答】答案：be regarded as/ to be.例如：She is generally regarded as one of the best writers in the country.人们普遍认为她是该国最优秀的作家之一。故填：be regarded as/ to be。
36．【解答】答案：In 1935，he went to America for further study Von ；"高度赞誉"的固定短语是think highly of，可以翻译成In 1935，and was highly thought of by Karman.故填In 1935，and was highly thought of by Karman.
37．【解答】1.因讲述的是过去的事情，主从句都用一般过去时，用"when+过去分词"作时间状语 she to a teacher是宾语从句 to a teacher想成为一名教师。
故填：When asked future ，the said she to a teacher.
38．【解答】permit sb.not to do sth.意为"不允许某人做某事"；句子陈述的是一般事实；主语"参观者"译为visitors，且与permit构成被动关系 are permitted take
故填：Visitors are permitted take
39．【解答】分析句子结构，主干是"会议非常重要" meeting of importance，即is of importance.＝ very ；"昨天举行的"译为held ，过去分词作后置定语 meeting。
故填：The meeting yesterday of importance.牛津译林版（2019）必修3《Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Section Ⅰ》2024年同步练习卷
一、阅读理解
1．Throughout history scientists have risked their health and their lives in their search for the truth.
Sir Issac Newton，the seventeenth century scientist was very smart，but that didn't stop him from doing some pretty stupid things.In his laboratory in Cambridge，while testing how light passes through lenses （晶状体），he put a long needle into his eye，and then moved it around just to see what would happen.Luckily，there was no lasting bad effect.On another occasion，for as long as he could bear，to discover what effect this would have on his sight.To escape suffering permanent damage，he had to spend some days in a dark room before his eyes recovered.
In the 1750s，the Swedish chemist Karl Scheele，was the first person to find a way to produce phosphorus （磷），in fact，discovered eight more chemical elements（氯），though he didn't get any place for them.He was a very clever scientist，but he had a strange habit of tasting a little of every substance he studied.This risky practice finally caught up with him.In 1786，surrounded by a large number of dangerous chemicals，any of which might have been responsible for his death.
Eugene Shoemaker was a respected geologist，he spent a large part of his life studying craters （陨石坑），and how they were formed，he and his wife were in the Australian desert，where they went every year search for places where comets might have hit the earth.While driving in the Tanam desert，another vehicle rushed into them，and Shoe maker died on the spot.Some of his ashes （骨灰），a spacecraft，and he is the only person who has this honor.
（1）What does the underlined word "permanent" in Paragraph 2 mean？
A．Brief.
B．Slight.
C．Lasting
D．Ordinary.
（2）What did Karl Scheele like doing when performing experiments？
A．Tasting chemicals.
B．Staying in the empty labs.
C．Experimenting in darkness.
D．Working together with others.
（3）What special honor was Shoemaker given after his death？
A．He was buried in the Tanami desert.
B．Some of his ashes were placed on the moon.
C．One comet of Jupiter was named after him.
D．A spacecraft carrying him travelled around Jupiter.
（4）The text is mainly about three great scientists' .
A．special honors
B．great achievements
C．famous experiments
D．suffering in their research
2．Jane Goodall is best known for her 26﹣year study of the chimps in the wild.There，she made several revolutionary discoveries that made her one of the greatest field scientists of the 20th century.
Born in London in 1934，the expectations for Jane were standard for the time：a marriage to a nice man，followed by a few children.Fortunately（幼虫）to bed；rather than screaming，and together，they took them back to the garden.
Jane was a bookworm who admired Doctor Dolittle and loved the Tarzan novels.Reading did its usually quiet but life﹣changing thing：Jane developed a dream to go to Africa and live among the wild animals.
Jane realized her dream on July 14，1960 when she arrived at Gombe Stream Game Reserve to study the chimps.However，for two months，running away from her.
"The more I thought of the task I had set myself，the more discouraged I became，" Jane wrote in her first book
Eventually，she became familiar with a male chimp and his big family.She observed them kiss，hug，and shake their fingers at each other.She watched them act very human﹣like.
One day，moving quietly through the jungle，Jane saw the male chimp sit beside a large termite mound （白蚁土堆）
In any case，Jane's discovery became the talk of the scientific world.Harvard's Stephen Jay Gould observed， "We must now re﹣think what the words 'tool' and 'man' mean or accept chimps as humans."
（1）What did Jane's mother do when she found the worms on the bed？
A．She studied them carefully.
B．She shouted at her daughter.
C．She threw them into the garden.
D．She explained they liked the soil.
（2）Which is the major reason that made Jane dream to work in the wild？
A．Doctor Dolittle's invitation.
B．Her interest in chimps.
C．The reading in her childhood.
D．Her mother's encouragement.
（3）How did Jane feel during the first two months in Africa？
A．Lonely.
B．Frightened.
C．Hopeless.
D．Content.
（4）What did Stephen Jay Gould's words imply？
A．Chimps should be accepted as humans.
B．Jane's discovery is of great importance.
C．Only human beings know how to make use of tools.
D．The scientists should confirm the meaning of the words.
二、信息匹配
3．
Characteristics of an excellent scientist
The Free Dictionary defines（定义） a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences，especially natural science or physical science. （1） Let's look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist.
Curiosity
（2） Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work.If a scientist doesn't have the drive to ask questions or even wonder，then he/she never gets to the first stage of the scientific process.
Patience
（3） There are very few jobs that take longer than this one.Even if you think you have received some education on science，you still have a lot of scientific research to do.If you're an instant﹣gratification（及时满足的） type of person
Ethical（道德的） qualities
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good，a scientist must have a desire to improve people's life as well as the environment and living things，since they are all linked and they can affect one another in the long run.A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial（商业的）（反驳）by evidence is dishonest.（4）
Working habits
An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation，keeping it in mind and recording it.（5） He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally.Networking skills connect him/ her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/ she may discover something new.
A.Becoming a scientist takes a long time.
B.An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.
C.It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.
D.However，that belief shouldn't be changed without powerful evidence.
E.He/She can work well alone or in groups，depending on what's needed.
F.To make discoveries in human knowledge，you have to think differently.
G.One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory.
三、单词拼写
4．There can be no doubt that you will succeed in your （科学的） research.
5．He could face a （控告） of illegally importing weapons.
6．All applicants will be considered regardless of age，sex，religion or （国籍）.
7．He may still face criminal （指控）.
8．He （砰地关上）the door when the football match was postponed.
9．It's hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him，but research （表明）that the numbers have been rising for some time.
10． （共和国）have presidents who are elected，rather than kings or queens.
11．The trials on patients were likely to be p because they did not have s safety data.
牛津译林版（2019）必修3《Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world Section Ⅰ》2024年同步练习卷
参考答案与试题解析
一、阅读理解
1．【解答】（1）C.词义猜测题。根据画线词上文"On another occasion he stared at the sun for as long as he could bear，他目不转睛地盯着太阳看，眼睛才恢复过来，Isaac Newton不得不在一间黑暗的房间里呆上几天，说明他的眼睛避免了遭受永久性的伤害。A.Brief.简短的；C.Lasting.永久的。故选C。
（2）A.细节理解题。根据第三段中的"He was a very clever scientist，但他有一个奇怪的习惯。。"可知，故选A。
（3）B.细节理解题。根据最后一段中的"Some of his ashes （骨灰） were sent to the moon aboard the Lunar Prospector spacecraft and left there — he is the only person who has had this honor.他的一些骨灰被月球勘探者号飞船送到月球并留在那里﹣﹣他是唯一一个获得这项荣誉的人，尤金 舒梅克死后得到的特别荣誉是他的一些骨灰被留在了月球。
（4）D.主旨大意题。通读全文，科学家们一直在冒着健康和生命危险寻找真相，本文主要介绍了历史上几位冒着生命和健康的危险寻找真相的科学家，故选D。
2．【解答】（1）D.细节理解题。根据第二段中"Once mother that Jane brought a of bed than ，she that new friends the to ，and ，they them to garden.（有一次；她没有尖叫，她的新的小朋友'需要土壤来存活。）"可知，她解释说它们喜欢土壤。
（2）C.细节理解题。根据第三段中"Reading its quiet life﹣changing developed a to to and among wild ，阅读往往是平静却能改变生活的，和野生动物生活在一起，简梦想在野外工作的主要原因是她童年时代的阅读。
（3）C.推理判断题。根据第五段中"'The I thought the I had myself more I became，' wrote her book..."可知，我就越泄气，简在非洲的头两个月感觉很绝望。
（4）B.推理判断题。根据最后一段中最后一句"'We now what words and mean accept as ，哈佛大学的Stephen Gould说："我们现在必须重新思考'工具'和'人'的含义。"由此推断出 Jay 。故选B。
二、信息匹配
3．【解答】（1）C.细节理解题。根据前文The Free Dictionary defines （定义） a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences，特别是自然科学或物理科学"，故选C．
（2）B.细节理解题。根据下一句话Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work表示"像托马斯 爱迪生和乔治 威斯汀豪斯这样的科学家发现事物主要是因为他们想知道事物是如何工作的"，故选B．
（3）A.细节理解题。根据下一句There are very few jobs that take longer than this one表示"很少有工作比这项工作耗时更长"，故选A．
（4）D.推理判断题。根据前文A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal or outside commercial interests.Sticking to an old belief contradicted by evidence is dishonest表示"无论个人利益还是商业利益。坚持与证据相矛盾的旧信仰是不诚实的"，没有强有力的证据，符合语境．
（5）E.推理判断题。根据下一句He/She also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally讲述的是科学家的工作方式。选项描写的是科学家可以单独或团体工作，符合语境．
三、单词拼写
4．【解答】根据句意和汉语提示可知这里使用形容词scientific意为"科学的"修饰research。故填scientific。
5．【解答】答案：charge.根据题意，"控告"可以翻译成"charge"，后接单数可数名词。
6．【解答】答案：nationality.介词后接名词作宾语；nationality是可数名词。故填：nationality。
7．【解答】答案：charges.分析句子可知，此处作动词face的宾语，此处表示复数含义。
故答案为charges。
8．【解答】根据括号内词义，"砰地关上"可译为slam，此句时态应用一般过去时。
故填：slammed。
9．【解答】答案：indicates.根据前面的It's hard tell ，主语是research。故填indicates。
10．【解答】答案：Republics.根据汉语提示"共和国"和空后的谓语动词have可知，此处应使用名词复数充当主语，其复数形式是republics。
11．【解答】答案：postponed；sufficient.根据句意：对患者进行的试验可能会推迟。及首字母提示此空格处缺少"推迟"的意思在句子中和助动词be构成不定式被动式，其英语释义是"postponed"，故填 ；sufficient。
