(共23张PPT)
冠词
2024年二轮复习语法精讲精练
知识体系概览
近几年中考对冠词的考查重点是不定冠词a和an的区别、定冠词及零冠词。对冠词的习惯用法的考查是主要考点之一,所以对此类用法一定要熟记在心。另外在学习中,应重视对最基本的冠词知识的理解、掌握,同时注意冠词活用的问题。做题时要弄清句子中的单数名词、复数名词或不可数名词及泛指、特指等概念。预计2022年各地中考的命题趋势仍可能是定冠词与不定冠词的区别和冠词的习惯用法。
考点一 不定冠词a和an
用法 例子
a用在辅音音素前,an用在元音音素前。 This is a useful book.He is an honest boy.
用于第一次提到的人或物、单数可数名词前,表示“一个”,相当于one。 Here is a map of Japan.I have a good mother.
用法 例子
用在单数可数的普通名词前,表示价格、速度、时间、频率等度量上的“每一”。 We take P. E. lessons twice a week.
抽象名词在某些情况下可以与不定冠词连用,表示“一种;一场”等。 It’s fun to have a chat with you.
用在单数名词前,表示一类人或物中的任何一个。 A knife is used for cutting.
用在序数词前,表示“又一;再一”。 He copied the new words a third time.
用于固定短语中。 have a look,a lot of,a little,a few,have a cold
续表
特例清单
1.有些单词虽然是以辅音字母开头,但使用不定冠词an。如:hour和honest以辅音字母h开头,但h并不发音,因此用an。
2.有些单词虽然是以元音字母开头,但使用不定冠词a。如:useful和university以元音字母u开头,但u发/ju:/音,故使用a。
3.表示成套的东西时,两个并列的名词前只能用一个不定冠词。如:
a knife and fork一副刀叉 a table and chair一套桌椅
用法 示例
在such, quite, rather, half, what等词之后 It's unbelievable that technology has progressed in such a rapid way!
[人教八下Unit 9 P67]
用于序数词前,表示“又一,再一” I want a second cup of coffee.
泛指“同类中的某一个人或事物” I met a friend of yours today as I was in a hurry to work.
用法 示例
用于一些物质名词前表示“一种”、“一场(雨、风、雪等)” We went to the countryside and climbed a mountain.
[人教七下Unit 11 P94]
用于可视为一个整体的两个名词前 a scientist and teacher
用于表明比率、速度、价格,译为“每一” The car runs 80 kilometers an hour. 这辆车每小时跑80公里。
3.不定冠词的固定搭配
动词词组 have a fun time玩得愉快 come to an end结束
give sb. a hand帮助某人 have a look看一看
have a try 试一试 have a cold感冒
have a picnic去野餐 keep a diary记日记
make a mistake 犯错 make a speech 做演讲
make a wish 许愿 pay a visit(to)拜访
take a photo拍照
介词词组 as a result因此 in a hurry 匆忙
in a word 总而言之
其他词组 a few几个 all of a sudden突然
a little 一点,一些 a lot of许多
a kind of 一种 half an hour半小时
a number of 许多
a pair/piece/group/bottle of一双/张/组/瓶
考点二 定冠词the
用法 例子
用于谈话双方都清楚的名词前,表示特指。 Tom,come to the blackboard,please.
用于再次被提到的名词前。 There is a book on the desk.The book is Tom’s.
和名词连用,表示类别。 The light bulb was invented by Edison.
用于被形容词、介词短语或定语从句修饰的名词前。 Hand me the new book,please.
用法 例子
用于形容词的最高级或序数词前。 Tom is the tallest in our class.
用在世界上独一无二的事物或乐器前。 the sun,the moon,play the piano
用于姓氏的复数前,表示“一家人”或“夫妇”。 The Turners are at breakfast table.
与某些形容词连用,表示一类人或事物。 The young should help the old.
用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 the Great Wall,the United States
用于一些固定短语中。 by the way,in the end
续表
2. 定冠词的固定搭配
介词词组 at the back of在……后边 at the same time同时
all the same仍然 by the way顺便问一下
at the beginning of在……的开始 at the age of在……岁时
in the hope of怀着……的希望(宜宾:2020.70)
in the world在世界上(宜宾:2018.63)
in the morning/afternoon在早上/下午
on the right/left在右边/左边
with the help of在……的帮助下
动词词组 go to the cinema/movies去看电影
go to the station去车站
remain the same保持不变(宜宾:2021.73)
tell the truth说实话
用于某些固定的表达法。
in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影
in the world 在世界上 all the year round 一年到头
on the way to 在去……去的路上
考点三 零冠词
用法 例子
在专有名词或不可数名词前。 Paper is made from wood.
名词前有指示代词、物主代词或不定代词作定语。 Go along this road.Every student likes English in our class.
复数名词表示一类人或事物时。 My parents are teachers.
在节日、日期、月份、季节前。 Today is Children’s Day.It’s hot in summer.
在一日三餐、球类运动、学科的名词前。 He went to school without breakfast.Let’s play football after school.
用法 例子
表示职位、头衔、称呼的名词前。 Doctor,I’m not feeling well today.
在某些固定短语中。 in bed,in hospital,on foot,at school,by bike
续表
特例清单
1.如果三餐名词之前有定语修饰时,可加不定冠词。如:
We had a wonderful lunch.我们吃了一顿很好的午餐。
2. 零冠词的固定搭配
介词词组 at first/last首先/最后 at noon在中午
at school/work/home在学校/工作/家
in trouble/danger处于困境/危险中
in time及时 in fact实际上
on duty值日 on time准时
动词词组 go to work/school去工作/去上学(宜宾:2018.22)
have fun 玩得开心
名词词组 day and night日日夜夜 face to face面对面
hand in hand手拉手 step by step一步一步地
(1)外国节日名词(短语)前不加冠词,但中国含有festival的传统节日前,要加the。例:the Spring Festival。我们可以这样记:中国节日“有Festival,无Day”(即含Festival的节日前面要有the,含Day的节日前无the)。
(2)三餐前有限定词修饰的时候,前面要加a。如:
We ate a big dinner on the eve of the Spring Festival.
(3)当名词前有形容词性物主代词、指示代词或名词所有格等
限定时,前面一般不用冠词。
易混易错
小 题 夯 基
1. What ________ nice day! Let's go for a picnic.
2. Kelly's cheese cakes were sold out within half ________ hour at the night market.
3. Jeff is ________ excellent boy and he is not only good at learning but also willing to help others.
4. ________ Great Wall is a famous place of interest in Beijing.
a
an
an
The
5. The young lady teaches the children to play________ guitar
on weekends.
6. According to the new study, Qomolangma is ________ highest mountain in the world.
7. Bruce likes playing ________ soccer, so his father bought him
a soccer ball.
8. He usually goes to school by ________ bus, but his father drives him to school when it is rainy.
the
the
/
/